HC Deb 09 February 1819 vol 39 cc400-15
Mr. Sturges Bourne

, pursuant to his notice, rose to call the attention of the house to the present state of the Poor Laws, with a view of submitting to it the propriety of re-appointing a committee for the investigation of this important subject. Before, however, he moved a resolution to that effect, it appeared to him to be right to offer a few general observations. An inquiry had been commenced in the last session of the late parliament, and a committee had been appointed, whose labours were necessarily interrupted by its dissolution. This event took place before sufficient time had intervened to enable the committee to extend their inquiries beyond a certain point. It took place too at a time unfavourable in some degree to the success of their inquiries. In as much as the prospects of the country were then clouded, and it was not easy to distinguish temporary from permanent distress. The introduction of any legislative enactment founded upon the reports of the committee had been thus impeded by various circumstances, and the measures which were actually proposed were confined to the remedy of the more obvious and subordinate evils of the system. Those questions which involved the greatest difficulty had been left untouched. It had been thought right, however, to employ the interval in circulating the reports as widely as possible, in order to procure information; and the result was, that plans of improvement had been forwarded from a great number of parishes, generally in favour of some particular change, adapted to their own respective circumstances. This might satisfactorily account for the delay which had taken place in the deliberations of the committee, and for the small progress they had made in providing or discovering any general remedy. One measure which was introduced, and received the sanction of that House, was not deemed so unexceptionable in the other: two or three clauses were expunged, and it was then found not to be consistent with their own privileges to pass it with these alterations. Two others, one relative to the establishment of parochial benefit societies, and the second to the subject of settlements, met with an equal failure, from the want of time to give them full consideration. What he now proposed, therefore, was, to re-appoint the committee for the purpose of re-considering these measures. At the same time it ought to be understood, that much more remained to be done. The committee would have, if the object were practicable, to devise some means by which the great and growing evil of the poor-rates—an evil which was proceeding to take the whole produce of the land from the owner without benefiting the poor, but on the contrary, was impairing their morals, independence, and happiness—might be diminished. Not, indeed, that he was one whose hopes were very sanguine of their success. He looked forward, however, to the cause receiving considerable advantage from the labours and co-operations of an hon. and learned gentleman, the member for Winchelsea, (Mr. Brougham). That hon. member had given notice of his intention to bring forward some proposition directed to this radical mischief, and embracing at the same time an equalization of the burden. He could assure him that the committee would hail his assistance, for he believed no man was more eminently qualified for the performance of so arduous and important a task as that which had devolved upon them. It had not been consistent with the hon. and learned gentleman's engagements to become a member of the committee in the last parliament. He should feel great satisfaction in the attendance of the hon. and learned gentleman now, and in the communication of those plans which his judgment had probably since matured. If, after all their exertions and inquiries, they should not attain the great object which they had in view, the public, he trusted, would not attribute their failure to negligence or inactivity. For the purpose, therefore, of adopting, if possible, some measure for the termination of this alarming evil, he should move, "That a committee be appointed to consider of the Poor-Laws, and to report their observations thereupon from time to time."

Mr. Curwen

said, the hon. gentleman who had just sat down was entitled not only to the individual thanks of every member of that House, but to the approbation of the country at large, for the ability and perseverance with which he applied himself to this subject. It was, therefore, with some pain that he rose to oppose the motion for a committee. For, though he thought that, in the first instance, the appointment of a committee was the best course that could be resorted to, in order to bring sufficient evidence before the House, yet, as there now appeared to be a complete detail on this most important and alarming subject, he conceived they ought at once to meet the question fairly. Nothing could be done in the committee to remedy the evils complained of; they could only be removed by a great and comprehensive view of the subject, taken by those whose situation in the state gave them an opportunity of investigating the question, with a reference to all the various relations of the country, and who alone were able to take upon themselves the responsibility of such measures as appeared best calculated to effect this object. Out of the very inherent principles of the poor-laws arose much of the evil of which the country complained; for certainly, when these laws took out of the hands of individuals the trouble of providing for themselves, they rendered them more careless of their own personal welfare. This was evident from the commencement of the system, when means were taken to provide for pauperism, instead of preventing it—in the first instance, by the operation of shame, and ultimately by the assistance of terror. Poor-houses were erected, and held out in terrorem—the happiness and comfort of the individuals immured in these receptacles, were sacrificed without remorse. This measure, however, was found to be inefficient, the number of paupers daily augmented, and the evil continued to increase. This demoralizing system, cost the country 2,000,000l. per annum 25 years ago; but since that period, the expense was more than quadrupled. The evil was of such a nature, that temporizing measures could do no good. To be counteracted, its true sources must be explored. To three great causes he attributed the present situation of the country, with reference to the poor-rates. First, excessive taxation; second, the depreciation of money; and thirdly, the great rise in the price of the necessaries of life. These were the causes of the existing distress; and those who imagined they would come out of the committee with a remedy for any but the minor abuses, attached themselves, he was afraid, to a hope, that, in the end, would not be realized. The hon. gentleman himself admitted that his hopes were very feeble. For his own part, he cherished no hope whatever from the adoption of any measure, except the removal of the causes by which the present state of things was occasioned. That could only be done by those who had it exclusively in their power to take effectual means for putting an end to the system to which the actual evil could be traced. In the course of 25 years, the increase of wages had been one fourth; and, in the same time, the rise in the price of provisions was one-third. Salt, leather, soap, and coals, were articles of primary importance to a working man. Now, upon a fair calculation, it would appear that to procure these, one-ninth of the whole of his income was swallowed up. If this country was to be preserved in that proud situation, which, from the nature of her free constitution, she ought always to be placed in, it could only be done by meliorating the situation of the working classes of the people. He could not join in the cheering prospect held out by the noble lord opposite in the statement he had made, on a former evening, relative to the situation of the country. It was, he believed, in a deplorable state, and could only be relieved by guarding against every attempt at an undue or unnecessary expenditure of the public money, from the crown down to the humblest officer in the state. Looking throughout the country, he believed it would be found, that the money paid for the maintenance of the poor had increased and not diminished in the last year. That branch of taxation, exacted by the poor-laws, though nominally paid by the people at large, came in reality from the landholders. Whatever was paid by the farmer was only nominally so paid. If a farmer paid 100l. a year rent and 25l. for poor-rates, the intrinsic value of his farm may be considered to be 125l.; so that though nominally the poor-rates were paid by the tenant, they were in reality paid by the landlord. Would it not then be better for all ranks at once to meet and take this burthen on themselves, and exonerate the working classes from the degradation of participating in it?—However strenuous in his opposition to a continuance of the property tax, which he considered as enabling the government to persevere in a scale of expenditure calculated to exhaust the resources of the country; yet, for the purpose of removing taxes destructive of the happiness and comfort of the great mass of the people, he should not hesitate in supporting a property-tax, solely and exclusively confined to the removal of burthens which paralyzed the industry and destroyed the happiness and independence of the labouring community. Our national pre-eminence depended on our preserving the independence of our national character—that once destroyed, and we should rapidly descend into the scale of other nations. He did not wish to take the burthen wholly from the shoulders of the landholder—he was only desirous that it should be fairly and equally borne. If the present system went on, it would be impossible to prevent the whole kingdom from being pauperised. If compulsory charity must be resorted to, he could see no reason why the great bulk of the monied interest, and the whole of the trading community, should not bear a portion of the weight. It would be nothing more than just to take a part of the burthen from the landholder, and let it be supported by the property of the country at large. The state taxes on the monied interest were about is. in the pound, while the demand on the landed proprietor for poor-rates was, on the average, 5s. He would, however, take it at 3s. which, with the expense of collecting rents, repairs of farm buildings, county cesses and losses, might, on a most moderate scale, be estimated at 4s. There were besides other charges amounting to 4s. more, making a total charge of eleven shillings; so that the landed proprietor received but 9s. out of his pound, while the individual, whose property was funded, got 16s. In the same way, if they took 12s. per week as the wages of the labourer, they would find that bread alone, for a family of five persons, amounted to 8s. which with rent and fuel, took up the whole, except about 2s. per week, which was all he had to furnish himself with clothes, and all other of the various necessary articles. The consequence was, that the labourer, even under the most fortunate circumstances, could not afford a sufficiency of bread to his family, but was compelled to resort to potatoes for the greater part of his subsistence. He considered, in one point of view, the growth of potatoes as a great blessing to any country in case of famine; but he looked upon it as a decided evil, when the potatoe formed the principal article of a nation's food. Cheapness of food tended to the increase of population (as was evinced in a neighbouring country) in a degree that could not be supported by any capital, however great. To the disgrace of the agricultural part of the community, the agricultural labourer was not fairly dealt by, except in the northern parts of this kingdom. The cruelty of the system adopted towards them was equal to its folly. The price of wages was regulated with reference to the young unmarried man; he was made the standard; than which nothing could be more unfair—the fate of wages was calculated on the most parsimonious scale as to the sum which would weekly support a single man—while to the married man an allowance of 2s. to the wife, and 1s. 6d. to each of the children was made from the parish purse: thus a bounty was given on improvident marriages, and the single man was prevented the possibility of making any provision for the married state. Although he deprecated the abuse which had grown out of parliamentary discussions, he agreed in the principle laid down on a former occasion by the noble lord, that it was better a man should be employed in opening a trench, if he were immediately after to be filled up again, sooner than that he should be supported in idleness. But this principle had been pushed to an unwise extent in the country, and its operation had been productive of injurious consequences. The farmer, aware of the impression made by this sentiment, turned off a large portion of the workmen he usually employed for the express purpose of receiving them back with a bounty from the parish. Thus had the middling classes become burthened with a new tax to exonerate the farmer from a large portion of wages he ought to have paid. Justice was not done to the great body of agricultural labourers, unless they were efficiently protected. The manufacturing classes also deserved protection, though the House had not always dealt leniently with them. If, when laws were made to punish combinations amongst the men, their provisions had also been directed against combinations amongst the masters, he would have agreed in the justice of the enactment. The agricultural labourer was in the same situation. Dispersed abroad, it was not in his power to combine—and his necessities were so great, that he could not go on for one moment without attending to his work. His master, however, might do without him, till he should be starved into submission, without injury. This was not the case with the manufacturer, who was in a much better situation. He conceived it would be wise if the minimum of wages to the agricultural labourer with reference to small districts, were regulated at petty sessions. It could not be done for very extensive districts, as, where the space was large, the rate of wages must necessarily vary. The magistrate would be better able to decide what sum ought to be given to a labourer, than to adjudge the rate of wages which a manufacturer ought to receive; since there were many considerations connected with trade, of which it was probable he would not be aware. By a more liberal apportionment of wages, of from 4 to 5s. per week, in those districts where a considerable portion of wages was supplied from the poor-rates, he conceived the existing poor-rates might be reduced 2,000,000l. annually. There were parts of the bill brought in by the hon. gentleman which he thought were extremely beneficial; for instance, that part which related to the removal of persons who had procured settlements where they had no right to them, nor had any legal settlements in the kingdom. There were also provisions that would probably prevent the mismanagement observable in the administration of the Poor laws. But that any great, any decided benefit would be derived from the measure, he confessed he did not believe. The principal relief to the country would be found by making some change in the law of settlement, by which large sums now lavished in litigation might be saved. This, he conceived, was the largest item that could be saved by any regulation, which fell short of removing the grand sources of the evil. The sum to be saved by other means was not likely to be more than 500,000l., or one-sixteenth of 8,000,000l. which the poor-rates annually require. Great were the complaints from all parts of the kingdoms, and most grievous was it to those who were struggling under the weight of the poor-rates, that so large a sum should be expended in supporting the offspring, of crime. Bastardy had alarmingly increased within a short period; but a few years ago it was estimated at 1 to 28. It would now be found as 1 to 14. The number of illegitimate children annually born amounted to little if any thing short of 6,400, creating a charge of about half a million. The laws had been so relaxed, that bastardy was become in a great measure a crime without a punishment. Some check seemed indisputably necessary, as well for morals as for relieving the country from so grievous a burthen. The committee which had sat two years, the whole of whose proceedings were then before the House, had done nothing that did not fall far short of the great object he had in view—nothing had been even glanced at which in any degree was calculated to stop the rapid increase of the demoralizing system; the evil must be deracinated, or the real property, industry, and morals of the nation, would equally become its victims—and, unless government intended to let the evil go on increasing, from day to day, they would devise some means of reducing that weight of taxation which pressed the people down, and was the primary cause of the present distress. I am aware, said Mr. Curwen, of the state of the country—I know and lament that its resources are inadequate to its expenditure; that in doing justice and being faithful to its engagements, it cannot relinquish a shilling of its revenue—I do not ask it—Yet the only hope the country has is, that ministers would diminish the taxation which presses so heavily on the lower classes, and that they would place it somewhere else. A system of taxation which bears on the first necessaries of life, is in every point of view impolitic. Labour is rarely paid beyond what is barely sufficient for the maintenance of a working man and his family; taxing, therefore, the necessaries of life, presupposes a surplus beyond what his indispensable necessity requires. If no such surplus exist, and which is the case in few instances, it must operate a rise in the price of labour, or force the individual into a state of pauperism. The cost of labour in Great Britain, compared with what it is on the continent, places our manufacturers in a state of imminent jeopardy. I pretend not to calculate how long superior capital and skill may successfully combat these disadvantages, but certain I am such a state of things ought not to exist, if they can be removed. Every consideration of humanity and policy demand of government, revisions of the present ruinous system of taxation—a large portion of what is paid in the shape of poor-rates, is in truth no other than a contribution for exonerating the labouring classes from taxation. This could not be done by a committee. They could not have the information, neither could they digest those measures, which, while the revenue was protected, and prevented from falling short, would by their operation, relieve the great body of the people; and enable the legislature to make an effectual alteration in the system, The minister who should have the courage and the patriotism fairly to contemplate the dangers which threaten the empire, and succeed in effecting a remedy, would be entitled to the gratitude of his country, and would command my cordial support.

Lord Castlereagh

said, he did not suppose that the proposition of his hon. friend was intended to lead to a general discussion of the system of Poor laws. If the subject was to be discussed in that House, it would be more advantageous to debate it, when the bill which his hon. friend meant to submit to their consideration, was introduced. That bill would contain seven or eight of the most important propositions connected with the subject, and, in considering it, they would be able to point out those parts of the improved sytem, in the propriety of which they agreed, and those also which they considered faulty. The hon. gentleman who spoke last had argued the question rather as a matter of financial arrangement, than as a subject connected with the Poor laws. If the hon. gentleman had formed any measure in his own mind; if he had discovered any happy expedient, by which the burthen could be removed from that part of the community which they most wished to relieve, and thrown on another portion, by whom it would not be felt; then he could assure the hon. gentleman, that he had found out a plan, which had not presented itself to the chancellor of the exchequer, or to any of his majesty's ministers. Before the hon. gentleman asked ministers to do that, which, he stated, they alone could effect, it would have been well if he had communicated to them what system it was that he had revolved in his mind, and wished them to adopt. He hoped the House would not attribute it to any supineness on the part of government, that the question of the Poor Jaws was not taken up by them in the way recommended. Government were deeply sensible of the great importance of the subject—of the evils arising from the system, and the necessity of some remedy; but they thought it better to have it handled in such a way as would identify it with every part of the House, by taking it up in the manner it was. He differed very much from the opinion of the hon. gentleman, when he stated, that it was better such a question should be taken up by the government. The most wise and proper mode of proceeding was, to handle it in such a way as would excite something like common cause in its support. If the government were to introduce a measure upon the subject, the consequence would be to excite some jealousy; it would have the effect of making a remedy appear harsh, which, coming from another quarter, would be received as a boon. He would appeal to the hon. gentleman and the others who constituted the committee, whether government was not as zealous in assisting their endeavours, as if it was a measure proposed by the government itself. If the hon. gentleman had any good and efficacious plan to offer, he should be willingly seconded in it with all the influence of government. It would not be wise, however, for ministers themselves to undertake the responsibility of any extensive measure with respect to the Poor laws, though they were anxious to concur in any thing that might be judged beneficial. Much had already been done in consequence of the labours of the committee. The administration of the laws was considerably improved, and no doubt, before long, other improvements would take place. He perhaps saw the evils of the system in as strong a point of view as the hon. gentleman on the other side of the House; and the importance, by all practicable means, of making the people moral, industrious, and happy; but he saw, at the same time, the great difficulty of dealing properly with the question. It was not, however, fair to suppose that the government acted with supineness, because they did not propose some measure upon a subject through which the com- mittee did not yet completely see their way. He was far from wishing to encourage false hopes, or to present such a glittering view of the prospects of the country as might tend to mislead; but he would assert, that, though some parts of the country were still suffering, and there was no time when this was not the case, the state of public affairs was highly prosperous. Did any country ever emerge so suddenly from the state of depression to which it had fallen? He did not fear contradiction when he asserted, that the trade and commerce of the country had undergone a fundamental improvement. This appeared even in the present state of the manufacturing poor. They were not now so great a burthen on the poor-rates as before. There was nothing that could be done on this important subject that might not be expected from the labours of the committee. Never were there individuals more anxiously devoted to the discharge of the important duties imposed upon them. If they could not effect the object so much desired, it would be vain to expect it from others. For these reasons he must disclaim all idea of having the measures that might be judged proper, upon this subject, brought forward by government in any specific shape. As the remedy hinted at by the hon. gentleman opposite seemed to involve a question of taxation, he did not feel inclined to meddle with it. Matters of that nature belonged more properly to the chancellor of the exchequer than to himself, and the hon. gentleman, in his opinion, would not do right unless he communicated his important discovery to the person with whom such business more properly rested.

Mr. Walter Burrell

thought that much advantage might be derived from the labours of the committee. The evil arising from the Poor laws was one of a most serious nature, and the unequal manner in which they pressed upon different places was not the smallest part of it. He could not agree with the noble lord in thinking that the state of the country, with regard to the poor, was so much improved. In parts of Sussex, in a population of 18,000 persons, the poor-rates had increased from 7,000l. to 16,000l. In his own parish, that of West Grinstead, which consisted of 5,000 acres, the rental of which was 4,000l., the poor-rates of this year amounted to 4,500l. The whole of the labours were almost dependent on parochial relief; and young un- married men, who were most willing to work, were, for want of employment, obliged to go to the workhouse. The same melancholy condition was to be found throughout the whole part of the county, called the Weald of Sussex, with the exception of those places in the vicinity of the hop-grounds. Unless, therefore, some immediate measure of relief was granted, the lands would be deserted by the farmers; they would become waste, and the proprietor must be ruined. If the landholder, was thus destroyed, where, he must ask, could the fund holder obtain his interest [Hear, hear!]? It was impossible that a country could be in a prosperous situation, when all its young single men were placed in workhouses for want of employment.

Lord Castlereagh

thought that the statement of the hon. member did not contradict any thing that he had said. He had compared the present state of the country, as far as it was affected by the poor laws, with its state two years ago; but he admitted that, in the county of Sussex, the pressure of the poor-rates was at present very severe.

Mr. P. Methuen

said, he was anxious to make a few observations on the prospects which, the appointment of a committee held out to the country. He felt that he should be guilty of a delusion, if he considered any legislative measure, such as was intended, likely to meet the extent of the mischief. The fact was, that while taxation continued undiminished, the appalling evils of the poor-rates could not be arrested. The labourer was starving, and the gentleman was struggling. Taxation was the cause why the landlord raised his rent, the farmer his farm produce, and why the labourer suffered; but the latter was the principal victim. Such was the actual state of things in the West of England, and such it would continue, until the efficient remedy, a diminution of taxation, was applied. The House might pass laws, and endeavour to enforce regulations, but the reverse of the picture would not be seen, until the labourer could rely for remuneration, not from the sluggish hand of parochial charity, but from his own honest industry. He did not expect impossibilities from his majesty's government, but he at the same time felt, that it was their duty to apply some efficient correction of the mischief; they should even outrun the exertions of parliament, because, in his judgment, they possessed the power. Convinced he was, that as long as the expenditure continued undiminished, the distress of the country would remain unrelieved.

Mr. Long Wellesley

thought that the question was reduced to a very small and narrow compass, and that the House had only to determine whether they should vote the resumption of the committee. He felt that he had a public duty to discharge, and he thought he could not discharge that duty more conscientiously than by voting against the resumption of the committee. There was no individual, however obscure, but knew that the poor in this country were in a most abject state, and that it was necessary to amend the laws on the subject. If the committee had been appointed to amend the laws, he should vote for it; but as the laws were admitted to be the best that could be framed, that could not be the object of its appointment. In reply to what an hon. gentleman had stated respecting the use of potatoes, he should only say, that he had a little Irish blood in his veins, and did not think there was any evil to be apprehended from an increase of population. He thought that adequate employment might be found in the country for the whole labouring class of the community. The state of the poor, he thought, required some measure emanating from the executive government, and he could not conceive a greater object for the attention of government. He thought that if any measure were proposed by the administration of the country, it would be hailed as a happy omen by the whole nation, and would not be regarded with apprehension and jealousy, as was apprehended by the noble lord.

Mr. Alderman Waithman

said, he did not intend to detain the House long. He apprehended, that he did not understand the subject so well as those hon. gentlemen who had spoken before him; but he thought himself called on to mention a few facts which would disprove the statement of the noble lord. He could not believe that the country was in so flourishing a situation as had been represented by the noble lord, because he had the testimony of his eyes and ears to the contrary. In the parish in which he resided when in the country, there was an increase of distress and of the number of poor. The want of gardens attached to their cottages, was a great misfortune to many poor people. In his parish there were about two hundred cottages, and not one of them had a bit of ground. In this case, when they subsisted almost entirely on potatoes, and had no ground to cultivate for themselves, what could restrain them from committing depredations on neighbouring potatoe-fields? He observed, that from the number of enclosure bills which passed through that House, proprietors of land were more desirous to let their grounds in parks, than to accommodate the poor with cottages and gardens. The ward which he represented contained five parishes, and he had occasion to know, that the pressure of the poor-rates in all those parishes was most severe. He presided at the board by which the people were summoned for their poor-rates; and he had known cases in which numbers had been summoned, over and over again, in consequence of their inability to pay: it required, in fact, continued efforts to keep them out of the workhouses. He must have something better than Custom-house books to convince him that the country was in a flourishing condition; for when that was asserted, he understood it to imply the general diffusion of comfort and happiness. As to the measure now proposed, he was convinced that it was impossible to give any real relief to the poor, but by altering the present system, and reducing the taxes which oppressed the country. That was the object to which he should wish to see the attention of parliament directed.

Colonel Wood

was happy to assure the worthy alderman, that the garden ground to the cottages had not escaped the notice of the committee. In the report of the committee it was strongly recommended, that all cottages should be furnished with gardens at a cheap rate—a recommendation which he hoped would be attended to. In the course of the discussion, he had heard several remarks which were worthy of the consideration of the committee, but not a reason had been given for not renewing it. The county which he had the honour to represent, felt peculiarly alive with regard to the law of settlement introduced in the last session, by which a residence of three years had become necessary previous to the being entitled to obtain relief. His constituents were certainly alarmed at any meditated change from the present system; and in consequence of the representations which had, from all quarters, been made to him upon the subject, he should be very cautious as to the manner in which he would give his vote. He thought, that to the tyrannical administration of the laws of settlement, might be traced more than half the existing evils now growing from the Poor laws. In short, the whole time of the quarter sessions had been occupied with an attention to the arrangement and transfer of the poor under these laws; and he should even prefer going back to the original establishment of the Poor laws, as the only means of doing any thing, with speedy or permanent good to the community.

Mr. Mansfield

said, that he had had too long experience as a magistrate, in a large and populous district, not to be as well acquainted with the sufferings of the poor, and as feelingly alive to their distress, as any of the hon. gentlemen who had addressed the House. It was from a deep sense of their distress, that he concurred in the re-appointment of the committee, which he hoped would receive a wide extension, and attentively and zealously direct its vigilance to this most important subject. Before its re-appointment, however, he would beg to suggest to them, that they would meet, not merely to consider the weight with which the poor-rates pressed upon the landed interest, but would have to consider how they might best alleviate the misery and ameliorate the condition of the poor. He could take upon himself to say, that in the district in which he had acted as a magistrate, not only had he found the instances of imposition on the part of the poor comparatively few, but that he had found them generally grateful for the relief which they received; and he, for one, was satisfied, that all the relief they received was due to them, as it kept them from starving or from plunder. He objected to a statement which had been made by an hon. gentleman in the course of the debate, of the severe and exclusive pressure which he had asserted the land to suffer from the poor-rates, for he had forgot to state how much the land had benefit ad by the poor when their condition was better, and had enabled them to maintain themselves by their industry. He concluded by strongly calling upon the committee, while they considered the landed interest, not to forget the interests of the poor.

The motion was agreed to, and a committee, to consist of the following mem- bers, was appointed, viz., Mr. Sturges Bourne, Mr. Curwen, lord Castlereagh, Mr. Ashhurst, sir T. Baring, Mr. Bathurst, lord W. Bentinck, Mr. Brand, Mr. Cartwright, Mr. T. Courtenay, lord Cranborne, Mr. Dickinson, Mr. C. Dundas, Mr. Fitzhugh, Mr. Davies Gilbert, Mr. Holford, Mr. Huskisson, lord Lascelles, Mr. Shaw Lefevre, Mr. Frankland Lewis, Mr. Morritt, sir John Osborn, sir W. Rowley, Mr. W. Smith, Mr. Holme Sumner, Mr. Wood, Mr. Walter Burrell, Mr. F. Douglas, Mr. Macpherson Grant, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Tomline, sir John Riddell, Mr. Wodehouse, and Mr. Shelton.