§ TREATY OF PEACE between his Britannic Majesty and his Majesty the King of Denmark. Signed at Keil, the 14th January, 1814.
§ In the name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity. His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Majesty the King of Denmark, being desirous to put an end to the calamities of the war which has so long divided their states, and to re-establish the ancient relations of amity and good understanding, have judged expedient to name for this purpose their respective plenipotentiaries, viz. his royal highness the Prince Regent, in the name and on the behalf of his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Edward Thornton, esq. his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to his Majesty the King of Sweden; and his Majesty the King of Denmark, his Chamberlain the Sieur Edmund Bourke, Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog, and Knight of the Order of the Whits Eagle; which plenipotentiaries, after the exchange of their full powers, found in full and due form, have agreed on the following articles:—
§ Article 1.—From the moment of the signature of the present Treaty, there shall be peace and friendship between their Majesties the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the King of Denmak, and between their respective kingdoms, states, and subjects, in all parts of the world. All hostilities between them shall cease, and all prizes taken from the subjects of the respective nations shall be considered as null from the day of the signature of the present Treaty, and shall be restored on both sides to their respective owners.
§ Art. II.—The respective prisoners of war shall, immediately after the ratification of the present Treaty, be restored en masse, on payment, on both sides, of the private debts which they shall have contracted.
§ Art. 3.—His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and 219 Ireland consents to restore to his Danish Majesty all the possessions and colonies which have been conquered by the British arms in this present war, except the island of Heligoland, which his Britannic Majesty reserves to himself with full and unlimited sovereignty.
§ Art. 4.—The restoring of the colonies shall be performed according to the same rules and principles which were laid down when his Britannic Majesty gave up to his Danish Majesty these same colonies in the year 1801. With regard to the island of Anholt, it is agreed that it shall be given back one month after the ratification of the present Treaty, unless the season and the difficulty of navigation should present insurmountable obstacles.
§ Art. 5.—His Britannic Majesty having stipulated with his allies the Emperor of Russia, the King of Sweden, and the King of Prussia, not to conclude either armistice or peace with their common enemies, but by mutual consent, it is understood, that the peace, re-established by the present Treaty, and by the Treaty signed this day between the King of Denmark and the King of Sweden, shall in consequence be extended to the above-mentioned allies, by the means of negociations, the which shall be entered upon as soon as possible, his Britannic Majesty engaging himself to employ his good offices with his allies in order that their respective relations with his Danish Majesty may be renewed upon the same footing as they were before the war.
§ His Danish Majesty, relying with full confidence on the good offices of their Britannic and Swedish Majesties, for the purpose, as soon as possible, of restoring the peaceable and friendly connexions between his Majesty the Emperor of Russia and King of Prussia, as they were before the war, consents to make all hostilities towards the allies of Great Britain and Sweden immediately cease. All prizes which have been made since this Treaty has been signed, shall be restored: his Danish Majesty relying on a complete reciprocity in this respect.
§ Art. 6.—His Danish Majesty consents to take an active part with the Allied Powers in the present war against France, and to furnish ten thousand men, which corps is to be attached to the army of the North of Germany, and under the immediate command of his royal highness the Crown Prince of Sweden, to be placed on the same footing, and to be treated in 220 every respect in the same manner as the Swedish troops which constitute a part of the said army, his Britannic Majesty engaging himself to pay to his Danish Majesty, for the maintenance of the said troops, a certain sum, to be provided for every month in this present year, in the proportion of four hundred thousand pounds sterling a year, from the day on which they are placed under the command of the Swedish Crown Prince. This corps shall be always kept up to its full complement, which may be ascertained by a commissary named for that purpose on the part of his Britannic Majesty.
§ It is however understood by the high contracting parties, that these payments are to cease from the time his Britannic Majesty shall declare such troops not to be required for the good of the common cause, or by the conclusion of a general peace. A proper time shall be allowed, concerning which an amicable arrangement shall be made, for the troops to return to his Danish Majesty's dominions.
§ Art. 7.—The commercial relations between the subjects of the high contracting parties shall again return to the usual order, as existing before the present war began. They moreover reciprocally agree to adopt measures, as soon as possible, for giving the same greater force and extent.
§ Art. 8.—His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the British nation being extremely desirous of totally abolishing the Slave Trade, the King of Denmark engages to co-operate with his said Majesty for the completion of so beneficent a work, and to prohibit all his subjects, in the most effectual manner, and by the most solemn laws, from taking any share in such trade.
§ Art. 9.—The two high contracting parties oblige themselves reciprocally, not to conclude any peace or truce with France, but by mutual consent.
§ Art. 10.—Whereas his Danish Majesty, in virtue of the treaty of peace this day concluded with the King of Sweden, has ceded Norway to his said Majesty for a certain provided indemnity, his Britannic Majesty, who thus has seen his engagements contracted with Sweden in this respect fulfilled, promises, in concert with the King of Sweden, to employ his good offices with the Allied Powers, at the general peace, to obtain for Denmark a proper indemnity for the cession of Norway.
221§ Art. 11.—The sequestrations which have been laid, by either of the contracting parties, on property not already confiscated or condemned, shall be raised immediately after the ratification of this Treaty.
§ Art. 12.—His Majesty the King of Sweden having engaged, by the sixth Article of the Treaty of Alliance with his Britannic Majesty, concluded at Stockholm the 3d of March 1813, to grant, for a period of twenty years, to be computed from the exchange of the ratifications of the said Treaty, to the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, the privileges of depôt in the port of Stralsund, of all articles being the growth or manufacture of Great Britain, or of her colonies, on paying a duty of one per cent, ad valorem on such articles and merchandize on import and export; his Majesty the King of Denmark promises to fulfil, in his new character of Sovereign of Swedish Pomerania, the said stipulation, by substituting Danish for Swedish bottoms.
§ Art. 13.—All the ancient treaties of peace and commerce between the former Sovereigns of England and Denmark are hereby renewed in their full extent, so far as they are not contradictory to the stipulations of the present Treaty.
§ Art. 14.—This Treaty of Peace shall be ratified by the two high contracting parties; the ratifications to be exchanged at Kiel within one month, or sooner if practicable.
§ In witness whereof, we the undersigned, by virtue of our full powers, have signed the present Treaty of Peace, and thereto affixed the seal of our arms.—Done at Kiel, the 14th January, 1814.
| EDWARD THORNTON.(L. S) | EDMUND BOURKE.(L.S.) |
§ ADDITIONAL ARTICLES to the Definitive Treaty between his Britannic Majesty and the King of Denmark, signed at Kiel the 14th of January, 1814.
§ Art. 1.—The evacuations, cessions, and restitutions, stipulated by the above-mentioned Treaty, shall be executed, in Europe within a month, in the seas of America within three months, and in the continent and seas of Asia within six months after the ratifications of the Definitive Treaty.
§ Art. 2.—In all cases of restitution agreed upon by the present Treaty, the fortifications shall be delivered up in the 222 state in which they were at the moment of the signature of the Definitive Treaty, and all works which shall have been constructed since the occupation shall remain untouched.
§ It is further agreed, that in all the cases of cession stipulated, there shall be allowed to the inhabitants of whatever condition or nation they may be, a term of three years, reckoning from the notification of the present Treaty, to dispose of their property, acquired and possessed whether before or in the course of the war, during which term of three years they shall be at liberty freely to exercise their religion, and to enjoy their property. The same facility is granted within the countries restored, to all persons, inhabitants, or others, who shall have formed any establishments during the time which those countries were possessed by Great Britain.
§ In respect to the inhabitants or the countries restored or ceded, it is agreed that no one shall be persecuted, disturbed, or troubled, either personally or in his property, under any pretext on account of his political opinions or conduct, or of his attachment to either of the high contracting parties, or for any other cause, unless it be for debts contracted with individuals, or for acts subsequent to the present Treaty.
§ Art. 3.—The decision of every claim between individuals of the respective nations for any debts, property, effects, or rights whatever, which conformably to common usage and the law of nations ought to be brought forward, shall be referred to the competent tribunals, and in such cases there shall be prompt and complete justice rendered in the countries where the claims are respectively put forth.
§ These additional articles shall make a part of the Treaty signed the 14th January, 1814, and shall have the same force and validity as if they were inserted word for word in the said Treaty.
§ They shall be ratified by the two high contracting parties, and the ratifications shall be exchanged within four weeks, or sooner if possible.
§ In witness whereof, we the undersigned, in virtue of our respective full powers, have signed the present additional articles, and have affixed thereto the seal of our arms.
§ Done at Liege, the 7th of April 1814.
| EDWARD THORNTON. (L.S.) | EDMUND BOURKE. (L.S.) |
§ ADDITIONAL ARTICLE to the Definitive Treaty between his Britannic Majesty and the King of Denmark, signed at Kiel the 14th of January, 1814.
§ It is agreed between the two high contracting parties, that the same security of person and property, which has been stipulated by the additional articles signed this day, for the inhabitants of the restored or ceded countries, shall be afforded to all the subjects of his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, whether British or Hanoverians, and of his Majesty the King of Denmark, who shall have taken an active part in the present war, which has disturbed so many countries, and that no one shall be persecuted, disturbed, or troubled, on account of his political conduct or opinions during the course of the war.
§ This additional article shall make part of the Treaty signed the 14th January 1814, and shall have the same force and validity as if it was inserted word for word in the said Treaty.
§ It shall be ratified by the two high contracting parties, and the ratifications shall be exchanged within four weeks, or sooner if possible.
§ In witness whereof, we the undersigned, in virtue of our respective full powers, have signed the present additional article, and affixed thereto the seal of our arms.
§ Done at Liege, the 7th of April 1814.
| EDWARD THORNTON. (L.S.) | EDMUND BOURKE. (L. S.) |
§ His Royal Highness the Prince Regent's Ratification of a Definitive Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Alliance, between his Majesty and the King of Denmark. Signed at Kiel, 14th January, 1814.
§ George the Third, by the grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. &c. &c. to all and singular to whom these presents shall come, greeting:—Whereas a Definitive Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Alliance, between his Majesty and his good Brother, the King of Denmark, was concluded and signed at Kiel, in Holstein, on the fourteenth of this instant January, one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, by the Plenipotentiaries of his Majesty and his said good Brother, duly and respectively authorized for that purpose, which Definitive Treaty is word for word as follows:—
224§ (Fit Inserlio.)
§ We, having seen and considered the Definitive Treaty aforesaid, have, in the name and on the behalf of his Majesty, approved, ratified, accepted, and confirmed the same in all and every one of its Articles and Clauses, save and except the fourth Article, as we do by these presents so approve, ratify, accept, and confirm it for his Majesty, his heirs, and successors; engaging and promising upon our word, that we will sincerely and faithfully perform and observe all and singular the things which are contained and expressed in the aforesaid Definitive Treaty, save as before excepted; and that we wilt never suffer the same to be violated by any one, or transgressed in any manner, as far as it lies in our power. For the greater testimony and validity of all which, save as before excepted, we have, in the name and on the behalf of his Majesty, caused the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to be affixed to these presents, which we have signed with our hand.
§ Given at the Palace of Carlton House, the thirty-first day of January, in the year, of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, and in the fifty-fourth year of his Majesty's reign.
§ In the name and on the behalf his Majesty. GEORGE, P. R.