§ Mr. MorleyTo ask the Secretary of State for the Environment if he will list all non-native species of birds, animals, fish and crustacean which(a) have established and (b) are suspected of having established a breeding population in the United Kingdom since 1945. [5552]
§ Mr. Clappison[holding answer 13 December 1995]: The following species of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian, and crustacea are thought to have been introduced since 1945 and are suspected of having established breeding populations. Introductions of all non-native freshwater fish species appear to have occurred before 1945. The Government's statutory scientific adviser, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, indicates that other species are likely to have briefly established populations since 1945 but have now become extinct. Due to recording techniques and only the fleeting presence of some of these species, data are not readily available.
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Birds Animals (note some do not have common names) Reptiles and amphibians Crustacea (note some do not have common names) Ruddy duck American mink Alpine newt North American Ring-necked Pere Davids African clawed signal crayfish Parakeet deer toad Turkish crayfish Bar-headed Sea anenonies Fire-bellied Noble crayfish goose and corals: toad Red swamp crayfish Muscovy Rhizogeton Metatrichoniscoides duck1 nudum leydigi Snow goose Clavopsella (a woodlouse) Swan goose navis Asellus Barnacle goose1 Anguillicola communis Red-crested crassus (a freshwater Pochard (nematode woodlouse) white-fronted worm) Gammarus goose1 Bristle worms: tigrinus Lesser white- Goniadella (a shrimp) fronted gracilis Arcitalitrus goose1 Hydroides dorrieni Night heron1M ezoensis Hydroides dianthus Janua brasiliensis Pileolaria berkeleyana Marenzelleria viridis Ammothea hilgendorfi (Sea spider Molluscs: Rapana venosa Crassostrea gigas Tiostrea lutaria Aulacomya ater Ensis americanus Styela clava (sea-squirt) 1These species occur naturally in the United Kingdom as vagrants or regular winter visitors, but their breeding populations are thought to be due largely to escapes or releases from captivity i.e. they are not native breeding species.