The merits of introducing a broadband universal service obligation (USO) were considered in the context of the Commission's public consultation on universal service principles and its third periodic review of the scope of universal service. Only three member states—Finland, Spain and Malta—have included broadband in their national USO. The UK's position is that the time is not right to introduce a broadband USO as it may constrain private investment in networks. The current non-regulatory approach to delivering universal broadband is considered the most effective means of stimulating commercial investment while minimising costs to the public purse.