<p>The Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK 2012 report details the health impacts from climate change, which is fossil fuel-driven, but it does not separate out the specific impacts from fossil fuels. Under the second National Adaptation Plan, an updated version of this report is due to be published in 2023. UK Health Security Agency is currently not undertaking any research on the specific health impacts from fossil fuels in the context of climate change.</p><p>Air pollution has a significant effect on public health, long-term exposure to air pollution reduces life expectancy, mainly due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and lung cancer. Evidence of associations with a wide range of health effects continues to build. Adverse health effects are associated with proximity to traffic, traffic intensity or concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants. Residential burning of solid fuels which includes coal can emit very high levels of air pollutants inside and outside of the home.</p>