<p>The Electricity System Operator (ESO) has responsibility for balancing supply and demand on the electricity system on a second by second basis, whilst minimising the cost for consumers.</p><p> </p><p>The Government and Ofgem's 2021 Smart Systems and Flexibility Plan includes actions to open up markets and to remove barriers to participation for low-carbon flexibility such as battery storage. The Review of Electricity Market Arrangements programme is considering market reforms to drive a secure, cost-effective, low-carbon electricity system, including reform options to facilitate the deployment and operation of low-carbon flexible technologies such as battery storage.</p>