Standing area is defined as: The unobstructed area which can be used by passenger (e.g. vestibule, corridor, stairways, wheelchair area…). The definitions of mass are contained in section 2.1 of the standard. These include: dead mass, design mass, design mass in working order, design mass under normal payload, design mass under exceptional payload, operational mass, operational mass in working order and operational mass under normal payload. These characteristics are the same for both long distance and other rolling stock. The standard applies appropriate values to each of the mass definitions for each type of train. This standard was approved on 23 April 2009 and came into force by November (each member state has to individually adopt the standard). This was the first issue of the standard, prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC so does not directly replace any previous standard.