The Government takes the supply of substances for their psychoactive effect seriously. There are legitimate uses for nitrous oxide, such as in medicine, dentistry and as a propellant for whipped cream canisters, but those who supply nitrous oxide who know, or who are reckless as to whether, it will be used for its psychoactive effect may be subject to a maximum sentence of seven years’ imprisonment, an unlimited fine, or both under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016. The Anti-social Behaviour Crime and Policing Act 2014 introduced powers, such as Public Space Protection Orders, which the police and local councils can use to prevent people from taking intoxicating substances, including psychoactive substances such as nitrous oxide, in specified areas. On 3 September 2021, the Government asked the independent statutory advisory body, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, to provide an updated assessment of the harms of nitrous oxide, including whether it should be controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. The ACMD is independent of Government and may provide a broad range of recommendations, including advice on legislative changes. When the ACMD concludes its review and publishes any recommendations, the Government will consider the advice carefully before deciding how to proceed. The most reliable current source for prevalence of drug use is Crime Survey in England and Wales (CSEW). The Office for National Statistics publishes CSEW estimates for use of illicit drugs and psychoactive substances, including nitrous oxide. However, there are no available regional estimates for nitrous oxide due to small survey samples. The latest estimates for drug misuse are for year ending March 2020 available at: <a href="https://gbr01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fcrimeandjustice%2Fdatasets%2Fdrugmisuseinenglandandwalesappendixtable&data=05%7C01%7CJenny.Hewlett%40homeoffice.gov.uk%7C894a455d4dcb4afe11b908dab8e159bd%7Cf24d93ecb2914192a08af182245945c2%7C0%7C0%7C638025575247684819%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=2jicTWDDuGleBs%2FrIeiUkEEfRPS%2F4faOATj1lgiNWL4%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/datasets/drugmisuseinenglandandwalesappendixtable.