HC Deb 19 November 2002 vol 394 cc16-36WS
The Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (Mr. Andrew Smith)

The new rates of benefits proposed from April 2003 are set out in the tables. The Annual uprating of benefits will take place in the first full week of the tax year. In 2003, this will be the week beginning 7 April. My right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland proposes to introduce similar changes for Northern Ireland.

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
Non-dependent deductions
aged 18 or over and in remunerative work
—gross income: £293 or more 6.95 6.95
—gross income: £235 to £292.99 5.80 5.80
—gross income: £ 137 to £234.99 4.60 4.60
—gross income less than £ 137 2.30 2.30
others, aged 18 or over 2.30 2.30
Alternative maximum Council Tax Benefit
second adult on IS or JSA(ib) 25% of Council Tax 25% of Council Tax
second adult's gross income:
—under £137 15% of Council Tax 15% of Council Tax
—£137 to £176.99 7.5% of Council Tax 7.5% of Council Tax
Capital
upper limit 16,000.00 16,000.00
amount disregarded 3,000.00 3,000.00
upper limit (clmt/ptner 60 or over) 16,000.00 16,000.00
upper limit (PC guarantee) from October 2003 No limit
amount disregarded (clmt/ptner 60 or over) 6,000.00 6,000.00
child disregard 3,000.00 3,000.00
upper limit of RC/NH 16,000.00 16,000.00
amt disregarded of RC/NH 10,000.00 10,000.00
Tariff income
£1 for every complete £250 or part thereof between amount of capital
disregarded and capital upper limit
Tariff income (clmt/ptner 60 or over) from October 2003
£1 for every £500 or part thereof between amount of capital disregard and
capital upper limit
Earnings disregards
where disability premium awarded 20.00 20.00
various specified employments 20.00 20.00
lone parent 25.00 25.00
where the claimant has a partner 10.00 10.00
single claimant 5.00 5.00
where carer premium awarded 20.00 20.00
childcare charges 94.50 94.50
childcare charges (2 or more children) 140.00 140.00
Other income disregards
maintenance disregard 15.00 15.00
war disablement pension and war widow's pension 10.00 10.00
certain voluntary and charitable payments 20.00 20.00
student loan 10.00 10.00
student's covenanted income 5.00 5.00
income from boarders:
disregard the fixed amount (£20) plus
50% of the balance of the charge 20.00 20.00
30 Hr Adult Allowance in WTC 11.65 11.90
30 Hr Adult Credit in WTC 11.65 11.90
Expenses for subtenants
furnished or unfurnished 4.00 4.00
where heating is included, additional 9.40 9.65
Dependency Increases
Adult Dependency Increases for spouse or person looking after children, with;
retirement pension or own insurance 45.20 46.35
long-term incap. benefit, unemployability supplement 42.45 43.15
severe disablement allowance 25.45 25.90
invalid care allowance (carer's allowance from April 2003) 25.35 25.80
short-term incap. benefit if beneficiary over pension age 40.80 41.50
maternity allowance/short-term incap. benefit 33.10 33.65
Child Dependency Increases with; retirement pension, widowed mothers allowance, widowed parents allowance, short-term incap. benefit at the higher rate and long-term incap. benefit invalid care allowance (carer's allowance from April 2003) severe disab. allowance, higher rate industrial death benefit, unemployability supplement and short-term incap. benefit if beneficiary over pension age 11.35 11.35
NB-The Overlapping Benefits Regulations provide for the rate of child dependency increases to be adjusted where the increase is payable for the eldest eligible child for whom ChB is also payable. The weekly rate of the increase is reduced by the differential (less £3.50 from April 2000), between the rate of ChB payable for the oldest eligible child and that payable for a subsequent child

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
Disability Living Allowance
Care Component
highest 56.25 57.20
middle 37.65 38.30
lowest 14.90 15.15
Mobility Component
higher 39.30 39.95
lower 14.90 15.15
Earnings Rules
Invalid Care Allowance (Carer's Allowance from April 2003) 75.00 77.00
Limit of earnings from councillor's allowance (new rate applies from October 2002) 66.00 67.50
Permitted work earnings limit (new rate applies from October 2002) 66.00 67.50
Industrial injuries unemployability supplement permitted earnings level (annual 3,432.00 3,510.00
amount)
Adult dependency increases with short-term incap. benefit where claimant is
(a) under pension age 33.10 33.65
(b) over pension age 40.80 41.50
maternity allowance 33.10 33.65
retirement pension, long-term incapacity benefit, severe disablement
allowance, unemployability supplement where dependant
(a) is living with claimant 53.95 54.65
(b) still qualifies for the tapered earnings rule 45.09 45.09
retirement pension, long term incap. benefit 45.20 46.35
and unemployability supplement where dependant not living with claimant 42.45 43.15
severe disablement allowance where dependent not living with claimant 25.45 25.90
invalid care allowance (carer's allowance from April 2003) 25.35 25.80
Child dependency increases level at which CDIs are affected by earnings of
claimant's spouse or partner
for first child 155.00 160.00
for each subsequent child 20.00 20.00
Guardian's Allowance 11.35 11.55
Housing Benefit
Personal allowances
single
16 to 24 42.70 43.25
25 or over 53.95 54.65
lone parent
under 18 42.70 43.25
18 or over 53.95 54.65
couple
both under 18 64.45 65.30
one or both 18 or over 84.65 85.75
dependent children
from birth to September following 16th birthday 37.00 38.50
from September following 16th birthday to day before 19th birthday 37.80 38.50
pensioner (from October 2003)
single-60 to 64 102.10
couple-one or both 60 to 64 155.80
single-65 and over 116.90
couple-one or both 64 or over 175.00
Premiums
family 14.75 15.75
family (lone parent rate) 22.20 22.20
pensioner 44.20 47.45
single 44.20 47.45
couple 65.15 70.05
pensioner (enhanced)
single 44.20 47.45
couple 65.15 70.05
pensioner (higher)
single 44.20 47.45
couple 65.15 70.05
disability
single 23.00 23.30
couple 32.80 33.25
enhanced disability premium single rate 11.25 11.40
disabled child rate 11.25 16.60
couple rate 16.25 16.45

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
severe disability
single 42.25 42.95
couple (one qualifies) 42.25 42.95
couple (both qualify) 84.50 85.90
disabled child 35.50 41.30
carer 24.80 25.10
bereavement 21.55 22.80
Allowance for personal expenses for claimants in hospital
higher rate 18.90 19.35
lower rate 15.10 15.50
Non-dependent deductions, rent rebates and allowances
aged 25 and over, in receipt of Income Support or income-based Job Seekers
Allowance age 18 or over, not in remunerative work or
—gross income less than £92 7.40 7.40
age 18 or over and in remunerative work
—gross income: less than £92 7.40 7.40
—gross income: £92 to £ 136.99 17.00 17.00
—gross income: £137 to £176.99 23.35 23.35
—gross income: £177 to £234.99 38.20 38.20
—gross income: £235 to £292.99 43.50 43.50
—gross income: £293 and above 47.75 47.75
Service charges for fuel heating 9.40 9.65
hot water 1.15 1.20
lighting 0.80 0.80
cooking 1.15 1.20
Amount ineligible for meals
three or more meals a day
single claimant 19.25 19.50
each person in family aged 16 or over 19.25 19.50
each child under 16 9.70 9.85
less than three meals a day
single claimant 12.80 12.95
each person in family aged 16 or over 12.80 12.95
each child under 16 6.45 6.55
breakfast only-claimant and each member of family 2.35 2.40
Capital
upper limit 16,000.00 16,000.00
amount disregarded 3,000.00 3,000.00
upper limit (clmt/ptner 60 or over) 16,000.00 16,000.00
upper limit (PC guarantee) from October 2003 No limit
amount disregarded (clmt/ptner 60 or over) 6,000.00 6,000.00
child disregard 3,000.00 3,000.00
upper limit of RC/NH 16,000.00 16,000.00
amount disregarded of RC/NH 10,000.00 10,000.00
Tariff income
for every complete £250 or part thereof between amount of capital disregarded
and capital upper limit
Tariff income (clmt/ptner 60 or over) from October 2003
£1 for every £500 or part thereof betwen amount of capital disregard and capital
upper limit
Earnings disregards
where disability premium awarded 20.00 20.00
various specified employments 20.00 20.00
lone parent 25.00 25.00
where the claimant has a partner 10.00 10.00
single claimant 5.00 5.00
where carer premium awarded 20.00 20.00
childcare charges 94.50 94.50
childcare charges (2 or more children) 140.00 140.00
Other income disregards
maintenance disregard 15.00 15.00
war disablement pension and war widow's pension 10.00 10.00
certain voluntary and charitable payments 20.00 20.00
student loan 10.00 10.00
student's covenanted income 5.00 5.00
income from boarders:
disregard the fixed amount (£20) plus
50% of the balance of the charge 20.00 20.00
30 Hr Adult Allowance in WTC 11.65 11.90
30 Hr Adult Credit in WTC 11.65 11.90

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
Expenses for subtenants
furnished or unfurnished 4.00 4.00
where heating is included, additional 9.40 9.65
Maximum rates for recovery of overpayments
ordinary overpayments 8.10 8.25
where claimant convicted of fraud 10.80 10.80
Incapacity Benefit
Long-term Incapacity Benefit 70.95 72.15
Short-term Incapacity Benefit (under pension age)
lower rate 53.50 54.40
higher rate 63.25 64.35
Short-term Incapacity Benefit (over pension age)
lower rate 68.05 69.20
higher rate 70.95 72.15
Increase of Long-term Incap. Benefit for age
higher rate 14.90 15.15
lower rate 7.45 7.60
Invalidity Allowance (Transitional)
higher rate 14.90 15.15
middle rate 9.50 9.70
lower rate 4.75 4.85
Income Support
Personal Allowances
single
under 18-usual rate 32.50 32.90
under 18-higher rate payable in specific circumstances 42.70 43.25
18 to 24 42.70 43.25
25 or over 53.95 54.65
lone parent
under 18-usual rate 32.50 32.90
under 18-higher rate payable in specific circumstances 42.70 43.25
18 or over 53.95 54.65
couple
both under 18 32.50 32.90
both under 18, one disabled 42.70 43.25
both under 18, with resp. for a child 64.45 65.30
one under 18, one 18 to 24 42.70 43.25
one under 18, one 25 + 53.95 54.65
both 18 or over 84.65 85.75
dependent children
birth to September following 16th birthday 37.00 38.50
from September following 16th birthday to day before 19th birthday 37.80 38.50
Residental Allowance
except Greater London 64.40 65.50
Greater London 71.65 72.85
Premiums
family 14.75 15.75
family (lone parent rate) 15.90 15.90
pensioner
single 44.20 47.45
couple 65.15 70.05
pensioner (enhanced)
single 44.20 47.45
couple 65.15 70.05
pensioner (higher)
single 44.20 47.45
couple 65.15 70.05
disability
single 23.00 23.00
couple 32.80 33.25
enhanced disability premium single rate 11.25 11.40
disabled child rate 11.25 16.60
couple rate 16.25 16.45
severe disability
single 42.25 42.95
couple (one qualifies) 42.25 42.95
couple (both qualify) 84.50 85.90
disabled child 35.50 41.30
carer 24.80 25.10
bereavement 21.55 22.80

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
hospital
higher rate 18.90 19.35
lower rate 15.10 15.50
local authority (Pt III) accommodation 75.50 77.45
of which, Personal Expenses 16.80 17.50
Allowances for personal expenses for claimants in:
the Polish Home, Ilford Park max amount for accommodation and meals 385.00 390.00
personal expenses for claimant 17.35 17.50
personal expenses for partner 17.35 17.50
personal expenses for dep children
(a) under 11 6.35 6.45
(b) 11 to 15 9.30 9.40
(c) 16 to 17 10.75 10.90
(d) 18 15.55 15.55
personal expenses allowance for claimant admitted or readmitted on or after 16.80 17.50
1 April 1995
Housing costs
deduction for non-dependents aged 25 and over, in receipt of Income Support
or income based Job Seekers Allowance aged 18 or over, not in work or
—gross income less than £92 7.40 7.40
aged 18 or over and in remunerative work:
—gross income: less than £92 7.40 7.40
—gross income: £92 to £ 136.99 17.00 17.00
—gross income: £ 137 to £ 176.99 23.35 23.35
—gross income: £177 to £234.99 38.20 38.20
—gross income: £235 to £292.99 43.50 43.50
—gross income: £293 and above 47.75 47.75
Deduction for direct payments arrears of housing, fuel and water costs, council 2.70 2.75
tax and fines default, and
deductions for child maintenance (standard) 5.40 5.50
deductions for child maintenance (lower) 2.70 2.75
Arrears of Community Charge
court order against claimant 2.70 2.75
court order against couple 4.25 4.30
Maximum rates for recovery of overpayments
ordinary overpayments 8.10 8.25
where claimant convicted of fraud 10.80 10.80
Reduction in benefit for strikers 29.00 29.50
Capital
upper limit 8,000.00 8,000.00
amount disregard 3,000.00 3,000.00
upper limited (clmt/ptner 60 or over) 12,000.00 12,000.00
amount disregarded (clmt/ptner 60 or over) 6,000.00 6,000.00
child's limit 3,000.00 3,000.00
upper limit of RC/NH 16,000.00 16,000.00
amount disregarded of RC/NH 10,000.00 10,000.00
Tariff income
£1 for every complete £250 or part thereof between amount of capital disregarded
and capital upper limit
Disregards
standard earnings 5.00 5.00
couples earnings 10.00 10.00
higher earnings 20.00 20.00
war disablement pension and war widow's pension 10.00 10.00
voluntary and charitable payments 20.00 20.00
student loan 10.00 10.00
student's covenanted income 5.00 5.00
income from boarders:
disregard the fixed amount (£20) plus 50% of the balance of the charge 20.00 20.00
Expenses for subtenants
furnished or unfurnished 4.00 4.00
where heating is included, additional 9.40 9.65
Industrial Death Benefit
Widow's pension
higher rate 75.50 77.45
lower rate 22.65 23.24
Widower's pension 75.50 77.45
Industrial Injuries Disablement Pension
18 and over, or under 18 with dependents
100% 114.80 116.80
90% 103.32 105.12

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
80% 91.84 93.44
70% 80.36 81.76
60% 68.88 70.08
50% 57.40 58.40
40% 45.92 46.72
30% 34.44 35.04
20% 22.96 23.36
Under 18
100% 70.35 71.55
90% 63.32 64.40
80% 56.28 57.24
70% 49.25 50.09
60% 42.21 42.93
60% 42.21 42.93
50% 35.18 35.78
40% 28.14 28.62
30% 21.11 21.47
20% 14.07 14.31
Maximum life gratuity (lump sum) 7,630.00 7,760.00
Unemployability Supplement 70.95 72.15
plus where appropriate an increase for early incapacity
higher rate 14.90 15.15
middle rate 9.50 9.70
lower rate 4.75 4.85
Maximum reduced earnings allowance 45.92 46.72
Maximum retirement allowance 11.84 11.68
Constant attendance allowance
exceptional rate 92.00 93.60
intermediate rate 69.00 70.20
normal maximum rate 46.00 46.80
part-time rate 23.00 23.40
Exceptionally severe disablement allowance 46.00 46.80
Invalid Care Allowance (Carer's Allowance from April 2003) 42.45 43.15
Jobseekers Allowance
Contribution based JSA-Pers. rates
under 18 32.50 32.90
18 to 24 42.70 43.25
25 or over 53.95 54.65
Income-based JSA-Pers. allowances
Under 18 32.50 32.90
18 to 24 42.70 43.25
25 or over 53.95 54.65
lone parent
under 18-usual rate 32.50 32.90
under 18-higher rate payable in specific circumstances 42.70 43.25
18 or over 53.95 54.65
couple both under 18 32.50 32.90
both under 18, one disabled 42.70 43.25
both under 18, with responsibility for a child 64.45 65.30
one under 18, one 18 to 24 42.70 43.25
one under 18, one 25 - 53.95 54.65
both 18 or over 84.65 85.75
dependent children from birth to September following 16th birthday 37.00 38.50
from September following 16th birthday to day before 19th birthday 37.80 38.50
Residental Alllowance except Greater Londen 64.40 65.50
Greater London 71.65 72.85

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
Premiums
family 14.75 15.75
family (lone parent rate) 15.90 15.90
pensioner
single 44.20 47.45
couple 65.15 70.05
pensioner (enhanced)
single 44.20 47.45
couple 65.15 70.05
pensioner (higher)
single 44.20 47.45
couple 65.15 70.05
disability
single 23.00 23.30
couple 32.80 33.25
enhanced disability premium single rate 11.25 11.40
disability child rate 11.25 16.60
couple rate 16.25 16.45
severe disability
single 42.25 42.95
couple (one qualifies) 42.25 42.95
couple (both qualify) 84.50 85.90
disabled child 35.50 41.30
carer 24.80 25.10
bereavement 21.55 22.80
hospital
higher rate 18.90 19.35
lower rate 15.10 15.50
local authority (Pt III) 75.50 77.45
accommodation of which, Personal Expenses 16.80 17.50
Housing costs deduction for non-dependents aged 25 and over, in receipt of Income Support or income based Job Seekers Allowance aged 18 or over, not in remunerative work or:
—gross income less than £92 aged 18 or over and in remunerative work 7.40 7.40
—gross income: less than £92 7.40 7.40
—gross income: £92 to £136.99 17.00 17.00
—gross income: £137 to £176.99 23.35 23.35
—gross income: £177 to £234.99 38.20 38.20
—gross income: £235 to £292.99 43.50 43.50
—gross income: £293 and above 47.75 47.75
Deductions for direct payments
Deductions from JSA (IB) arrears of housing, fuel and water costs, council tax and 2.70 2.75
fines default, and
Deductions for Child Maintenance
deductions for child maintenance (standard) 5.40 5.50
deductions for child maintenance (lower) 2.70 2.75
Arrears of Community Charge
court order against claimant 2.70 2.75
court order against couple 4.25 4.30
deductions from JSA (Cont.)
Arrears of Community Charge, Council Tax, fines and overpayment recovery
Age 16 to 17 10.83 10.96
Age 18 to 24 14.23 14.41
Age 25 + 17.98 18.21

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
Maximum deduction for arrears of Child Support Maintenance
Age 16 to 17 10.83 10.96
Age 18 to 24 14.23 14.41
Age 25 + 17.93 18.21
Maximum rates for recovery of overpayments in JSA(ib)
ordinary overpayments 8.10 8.25
where claimant convicted of fraud 10.80 10.80
Reduction in benefit for strikers 29.00 29.50
Capital
upper limit 8,000.00 8,000.00
amount disregarded 3,000.00 3,000.00
child's limit 3,000.00 3,000.00
upper limit of RC/NH 16,000.00 16,000.00
amount disregarded of RC/NH 10,000.00 10,000.00
upper limit (claimant/partner 60 or over) 12,000.00 12,000.00
amount disregarded (claimant/or partner 60 or over) 6,000.00 6,000.00
Tariff income
£1 for every complete £250 or part thereof between amount of capital disregarded
and capital upper limit
Disregards
standard earnings 5.00 5.00
couples earnings 10.00 10.00
higher earnings 20.00 20.00
war disablement pension and war widow's pension 10.00 10.00
voluntary and charitable payments 20.00 20.00
student loan 10.00 10.00
student's convenanted income 5.00 5.00
income from boarders: disregard the fixed amount (£20) plus 50 per cent, of the 20.00 20.00
balance of the charge
Expenses for subtenants
furnished or unfurnished 4.00 4.00
where heating is included, additional 9.40 9.65
Maternity Allowance
Standard rate 75.00 100.00
MA threshold 30.00 30.00
Pension Credit (from October 2003)
Standard minimum guarantee
single 102.10
couple 155.80
Additional amount for severe disability
single 42.95
couple (one qualifies) 42.95
couple (both qualifies) 85.90
Additional amount for carer 25.10
Savings credit theshold
single 77.45
couple 123.80
Capital
Amount disregard 6,000.00
Amount disregard-care homes 10,000.00
Deemed income £1 for each complete £500 or part thereof in excess of above amounts
Housing costs
Deduction for non-dependents:
aged 18 or over, not in work or in work and in receipt of Pension Credit 7.40
aged 18 or over and in work:
—gross income: less than £92 7.40
—gross income: £92 to £136.99 17.00
—gross income: £137 to £176.99 23.35

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
—gross income: £177 to £234.99 38.20
—gross income: £235 to £292.99 43.50
—gross income: £293 and above 47.75
Amount for claimant and first spouse in polygamous marriage 155.80
Additional amount for additional spouse 53.70
Disregards
Standard earnings 5.00
Couples earnings 10.00
Higher earnings 20.00
War disablement pension and War widows pension 10.00
Widowed Parent's Allowance 10.00
Income from Subtenants 20.00
Income from boarders 20.00
(disregard the fixed amount (£20)
plus
50 per cent, of the balance of the charge)
Deduction for direct payments arrears of housing, fuel, water costs, council tax and 2.75
fines default
Arrears of Community Charge court order against claimant 2.75
court order against couple 4.30
Maximum rates of recovery of overpayments
ordinary overpayments 8.25
where claimant convicted of fraud 10.80
Pneumoconiosis, Byssinosis, and Miscellaneous Diseases Scheme and the Workmen's
Compensation (Supplementation)
Total disablement allowance and major incapacity allowance (maximum) 114.80 116.80
Partial disablement allowance 42.45 43.15
Unemployability supplement 70.95 72.15
plus where appropriate increases for early incapacity
higher rate 14.90 15.15
middle rate 9.50 9.70
lower rate 4.75 4.85
Constant attendance allowance
exceptional rate 92.00 93.60
intermediate rate 69.00 70.20
normal maximum rate 46.00 46.80
part-time rate 23.00 23.40
Exceptionally severe disablement allowance 46.00 46.80
Lesser incapacity allowance
maximum rate of allowance 42.45 43.15
based on loss of earnings over 56.25 57.20
Retirement Pension
Category A or B 75.50 77.45
Category B (lower)-husband's insurance 45.20 46.35
Category C or D-non-contributory 45.20 46.35
Category C (lower)-non-contributory 27.00 27.70
Additional pension Increase by:
1.7 percent.
Increments to: Increase by:
Basic pension 6.6 per cent.
Additional pension 1.7 per cent.
Contracted out deductions (CODs) (Pre April 1988 earnings) 1.7 per cent.
Graduated Retirement Benefit (GRB) 1.7 percent.
Increments to CODs (April 1988 to April 1997 earnings) Nil
(3.0 per cent, paid by schemes)

Weekly rates unless otherwise shown
Rates
2002 2003
Graduated Retirement Benefit (unit) 0.0921 0.0937
Graduated Retirement Benefit (Inherited) Increase by:
1.7 percent.
Addition at age 80 0.25 0.25
Severe Disablement Allowance
Basic rate 42.85 43.60
Age-related addition (from December 1990)
Higher rate 14.90 15.15
Middle rate 9.50 9.70
Lower rate 4.75 4.85
Statutory Adoption Pay
Earnings threshold 77.00
Rate 100.00
Statutory Maternity Pay
Earnings threshold 75.00 77.00
Standard rate 75.00 100.00
Statutory Paternity Pay
Earnings threshold 77.00
Rate 100.00
Statutory Sick Pay
Earnings threshold 75.00 77.00
Standard rate 63.25 64.35
Widow's Benefit
Widowed Mother's Allowance 75.50 77.45
Widow's Pension Standard Rate 75.50 77.45
Age-related
Age 54 (49) 70.22 72.03
53 (48) 64.93 66.61
52 (47) 59.65 61.19
51 (46) 54.36 55.76
50 (45) 49.08 50.34
49(44) 43.79 44.92
48 (43) 38.51 39.50
47 (42) 33.22 34.08
46(41) 27.94 28.66
45 (40) 22.65 23.24
Note: For deaths occurring before 11 April 1988 refer to age-points shown in brackets.
Bereavement Benefit
Bereavement payment (lump sum) 2,000.00 2,000.00
Widowed parent's allowance 75.50 77.45
Bereavement Allowance
Standard rate 75.50 77.45
age-related
age 54 70.22 72.03
53 64.93 66.61
52 59.65 61.19
51 54.36 55.76
50 49.08 50.34
49 43.79 44.92
48 38.51 39.50
47 33.22 34.08
46 27.94 28.66
45 22.65 23.24