Labour Statistics (Hansard, 22 May 1989)

§ Ms. Short
To ask the Secretary of State for Employment how many people in the age group 16 to 24 inclusive, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, and 55 and over were(a) full-time employees in employment, (b) part-time employees in employment, (c) self employed, (d) not included above and on YOP, YTS, CP, STEP, CEP or JTS or (e) not included in the above and undertaking full-time education or training, from spring 1979 for each year to spring 1988.

§ Mr. Lee
Available estimates from labour force surveys are as shown in the following table:
353W

Persons either in employment or undertaking full-time education or training, by age

Great Britain—Spring estimate

Thousands

1979 1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 ⁵1988

16 to 24

Full-time² employees 4,535 4,149 3,826 3,801 3,875 3,822 3,855 3,884

Part-time² employees 249 455 461 580 634 652 688 773

Self-employed 96 136 159 212 210 216 246 271

On Government employment and training programmes³ n/a n/a 243 261 332 323 382 390

Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴ n/a n/a 1,279 1,259 1,146 1,118 1,128 1,040

25 to 34

Full-time² employees 4,283 4,056 3,807 3,818 3,876 3,967 4,020 4,246

Part-time² employees 811 800 685 754 782 829 891 948

Self-employed 438 515 514 561 595 586 665 725

On Government employment and training programmes³ n/a n/a 36 22 27 31 47 61

Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴ n/a n/a 66 79 66 70 64 70

35 to 44

Full-time² employees 3,472 3,360 3,507 3,484 3,564 3,612 3,640 3,745

Part-time² employees 1,080 1,098 1,115 1,216 1,274 1,318 1,346 1,358

Self-employed 519 617 676 804 826 836 892 963

On Government employment and training programmes³ n/a n/a 37 15 12 20 26 36

Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴ n/a n/a 20 17 27 25 25 24

45 to 54

Full-time² employees 3,466 3,312 3,057 2,984 2,940 2,914 2,824 2,904

Part-time² employees 956 962 941 995 976 972 985 1,020

Self-employed 407 495 502 558 583 605 641 668

On Government employment and training programmes³ n/a n/a 21 11 15 21 20

Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴ n/a n/a ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

55 and over

Full-time² employees 2,658 2,353 2,097 1,990 1,897 1,798 1,710 1,770

Part-time² employees 922 963 792 833 811 823 802 791

Self-employed 357 436 449 483 500 483 553 530

On Government employment and training programmes³ n/a n/a 17 ¹ 11 13 12 11

Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴ n/a n/a ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

¹ Sample size too small to provide a reliable estimate.

² Based on respondent's own assessment.

³Includes all on YTS, CI, CP, VPP and their predecessors, together with those on training courses under JTS, Training for Enterprise and Wider Opportunities Training Programme (successors of Training Opportunities Programme or TOPS) who said they did some paid work in the survey reference week.

⁴ Includes all still in continuous full-time education or (i) on a sandwich course, (ii) studying at university, polytechnic or college full-time, or (iii) training for a qualification in nursing, physiotherapy, or a similar medical subject.

⁵ Preliminary estimates (1988 only).

n/a =Not available.

§ Mr. McLeish
To ask the Secretary of State for Employment what were unemployment rates by ethnic origin and sex for each standard region and Wales, for each of the years 1983 to 1988.

§ Mr. Lee
[holding answer 19 May 1989]:Unemployment rates by ethnic origin are available from 354W the labour force survey for single years from 1983 to 1988 for Great Britain as shown in table 1. They are available for standard regions, Wales and Scotland averaged over.three years as shown in tables 2–5; these averages produce more reliable estimates for ethnic groups than do data for a single year. Further, estimates are not shown in the tables where they are based on small samples.
355W

Table 1: Trends in unemployment rates2 by ethnic origin; spring 1983 to 1988

Persons of working age (16 to 59/64) Great Britain per cent.

GB labour force definition of unemployment ILO/OECD definition of unemployment

1983 1984 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 (preliminary results)

All persons

All origins³ 11.2 11.3 11.8 11.2 11.2 10.7 8.7

White 10.9 10.8 11.4 10.9 10.8 10.5 8.3

Ethnic minority groups of whom: 20.9 20.5 21.4 20.7 20.0 17.1 13.5

West Indian-Guyanese 23 25 24 22 23 18 15

Indian 18 15 16 18 17 13 12

Pakistan-Bangladeshi 32 35 34 30 28 29 21

All other origins³ 16 19 19 18 17 15 10

Males

All origins³ 11.9 11.6 11.9 11.5 11.5 11.0 8.9

White 11.5 11.1 11.4 11.0 11.1 10.7 8.6

Ethnic minority groups of whom: 21.7 21.1 22.1 21.6 20.5 17.4 14.3

West Indian-Guyanese 28 29 30 21 26 21 18

Indian 17 13 13 19 16 10 11

Pakistan-Bangladeshi 31 34 33 28 27 30 25

All other origins³ 17 18 19 18 17 15 9

Females

All origins³ 10.3 10.8 11.7 10.9 10.8 10.3 8.5

White 9.9 10.4 11.3 10.6 10.4 10.1 8.3

Ethnic minority groups of whom: 18.8 19.3 20.2 19.2 19.4 16.5 12.4

West Indian-guyanese 19 17 18 20 19 16 11

Indian 20 19 20 17 19 17 13

Pakistan-Bangladeshi ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

All other origins³ 15 20 19 17 17 15 10

Source: LFS time series estimates.

¹ Less than 10,000 in cell: estimate not shown.

² Unemployed people expresses as a percentage of all economically active persons in the relevant group. Based on ILO/OECD definition of unemployment (except as indicated in the first two columns of table 1, and in table 5).

³ Includes those who did not state origin.

Table 2

Unemployment rates² by ethnic origin and region.average, spring 1986–88

Persons of working age (16 to 59–64) Per cent.

All ethnic origins³ White Ethnic minority West Indian/Guyanese Indian Pakistani/Bangladeshi All other origins³

All persons

Great Britain 10 10 17 19 14 27 14

England 10 9 17 19 14 27 14

North 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 12 11 22 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 10 9 19 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 7 7 13 16 10 24 12

Greater London 9 8 15 17 10 28 13

Rest of South East 6 6 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South West 9 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 11 11 26 24 25 ¹ ¹

North West 13 13 23 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 13 13 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Males

Great Britain 10 10 17 22 12 27 13

England 10 9 17 22 12 27 13

North 15 15 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 9 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 7 7 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 7 7 14 19 ¹ ¹ 12

Greater London 10 9 15 20 ¹ ¹ 14

Rest of South East 6 6 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South West 8 7 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 12 11 26 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

North West 14 13 23 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 15 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

356W 357W

All ethnic origins³ White Ethnic minority West Indian/Guyanese Indian Pakistani/ Bangladeshi All other origins³

Females

Great Britain 10 10 16 16 16 ¹ 14

England 9 9 16 16 16 ¹ 14

North 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 11 10 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 10 10 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 9 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 7 13 13 13 ¹ ¹

Greater London 8 7 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹

Rest of South East 7 7 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South West 12 9¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 11 10 25 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

North West 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 13 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

See footnote to table 1.
Source: LFS estimates.

Table 3

Unemployment Rates2 By Ethnic Origin and Region: Average Spring 1985–1987

Persons of working age (16 to 59/64) Per cent.

All ethnic origins³ White Ethnic minority groups West Indian/Guyanese Indian Pakistani/Bangaladeshi All other Origins³

All persons

Great Britain 11 11 19 21 16 29 17

England 11 10 19 21 16 29 16

North 15 15 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 12 12 26 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 10 10 23 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 9 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 8 15 17 10 25 11

Greater London 10 9 16 18 10 ¹ 15

Rest of South East 7 7 11 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South West 9 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 13 12 31 31 27 12 ¹

North West 14 13 26 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Males

Great Britain 11 11 20 24 15 28 17

England 11 10 20 21 15 29 17

North 16 16 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 13 13 25 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 10 10 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 8 15 19 ¹ ¹ 15

Greater London 10 9 17 21 ¹ ¹ 17

Rest of South East 7 7 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South West 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 14 13 32 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

North West 14 14 26 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 15 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 15 15 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Females

Great Britain 11 10 18 18 18 ¹ 16

England 10 10 18 18 18 ¹ 16

North 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 11 11 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 11 10 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 10 10 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 8 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹

Greater London 9 8 14 15 ¹ ¹ ¹

Rest of South East 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South West 9 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 12 11 31 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

North West 13 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 13 13 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 13 13 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

See footnote to table 1
Source: LFS estimates.
358W 359W

Table 4

Unemployment Rates² By Ethnic Origin and Region: Average Spring 1984–1986

Persons of working age (16 to 59/64) Per cent.

All ethnic origins³ White Ethnic minority groups West Indian/Guyanese Indian Pakistani/Bangladeshi All other Origins³

All persons

Great Britain 11 10 20 22 16 31 18

England 10 10 20 22 16 31 17

North 15 15 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 12 11 28 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 10 9 20 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 8 16 18 11 26 16

Greater London 9 8 16 19 11 ¹ 17

Rest of South East 7 7 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South West 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 13 12 29 30 26 40 ¹

North West 13 13 29 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Males

Great Britain 11 11 21 25 15 30 17

England 11 10 21 25 16 30 17

North 16 16 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 13 12 29 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 10 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 7 7 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 7 16 21 9 ¹ 15

Greater London 9 8 17 22 ¹ ¹ 15

Rest of South East 7 7 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South West 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 14 12 31 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

North West 15 14 31 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 15 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 15 5 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Females

Great Britain 10 10 19 18 18 ¹ 18

England 10 9 19 18 18 ¹ 18

North 13 13 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 11 11 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 9 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 9 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 8 16 16 14 ¹ 17

Greater London 9 8 16 16 ¹ ¹ 19

Rest of South East 8 7 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South West 9 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 12 11 27 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

North West 12 11 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

¹ See footnote to table 1.

Source: LFS estimates.

Table 5

Unemployment Rates² By Ethnic Origin and Region: Average Spring 1983–1985

Persons of working age (16 to 59/64) Per cent.

All ethnic origins³ White Ethnic minority groups West Indian/Guyanese Indian Pakistani/Bangladeshi All other Origins³

All persons

Great Britain 11 11 20 22 17 32 17

North 15 15 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 12 12 27 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 9 9 20 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 8 16 19 12 25 15

South West 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 14 12 30 32 26 43 ¹

North West 14 13 29 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 14 14 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Males

Great Britain 11 11 21 26 16 31 17

360W 361W

All ethnic origins³ White Ethnic minority groups West Indian/Guyanese Indian Pakistani/Bangladeshi All other Origins³

North 17 16 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 13 12 30 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 10 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 8 16 23 10 ¹ 14

South West 8 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 15 13 32 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

North West 15 14 32 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 15 15 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 15 15 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Females

Great Britain 10 10 19 18 18 ¹ 18

North 13 13 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Yorkshire and Humberside 11 11 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Midlands 9 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

East Anglia 9 9 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

South East 8 8 16 16 15 ¹ 17

South West 9 8 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

West Midlands 12 11 26 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

North West 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Wales 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

Scotland 12 12 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹

See footnote to table 1. Results are based on Great Britain labour force definition of unemployment. Results for England, Greater London and rest of South East are not readily available.
Source: LFS estimates.

Persons either in employment or undertaking full-time education or training, by age
Great Britain—Spring estimate
Thousands
	1979	1981	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	⁵1988
16 to 24
Full-time² employees	4,535	4,149	3,826	3,801	3,875	3,822	3,855	3,884
Part-time² employees	249	455	461	580	634	652	688	773
Self-employed	96	136	159	212	210	216	246	271
On Government employment and training programmes³	n/a	n/a	243	261	332	323	382	390
Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴	n/a	n/a	1,279	1,259	1,146	1,118	1,128	1,040
25 to 34
Full-time² employees	4,283	4,056	3,807	3,818	3,876	3,967	4,020	4,246
Part-time² employees	811	800	685	754	782	829	891	948
Self-employed	438	515	514	561	595	586	665	725
On Government employment and training programmes³	n/a	n/a	36	22	27	31	47	61
Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴	n/a	n/a	66	79	66	70	64	70
35 to 44
Full-time² employees	3,472	3,360	3,507	3,484	3,564	3,612	3,640	3,745
Part-time² employees	1,080	1,098	1,115	1,216	1,274	1,318	1,346	1,358
Self-employed	519	617	676	804	826	836	892	963
On Government employment and training programmes³	n/a	n/a	37	15	12	20	26	36
Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴	n/a	n/a	20	17	27	25	25	24
45 to 54
Full-time² employees	3,466	3,312	3,057	2,984	2,940	2,914	2,824	2,904
Part-time² employees	956	962	941	995	976	972	985	1,020
Self-employed	407	495	502	558	583	605	641	668
On Government employment and training programmes³	n/a	n/a	21	11	15		21	20
Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴	n/a	n/a	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
55 and over
Full-time² employees	2,658	2,353	2,097	1,990	1,897	1,798	1,710	1,770
Part-time² employees	922	963	792	833	811	823	802	791
Self-employed	357	436	449	483	500	483	553	530
On Government employment and training programmes³	n/a	n/a	17	¹	11	13	12	11
Not in employment and undertaking full-time education or training⁴	n/a	n/a	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
¹ Sample size too small to provide a reliable estimate.
² Based on respondent's own assessment.
³Includes all on YTS, CI, CP, VPP and their predecessors, together with those on training courses under JTS, Training for Enterprise and Wider Opportunities Training Programme (successors of Training Opportunities Programme or TOPS) who said they did some paid work in the survey reference week.
⁴ Includes all still in continuous full-time education or (i) on a sandwich course, (ii) studying at university, polytechnic or college full-time, or (iii) training for a qualification in nursing, physiotherapy, or a similar medical subject.
⁵ Preliminary estimates (1988 only).

Table 1: Trends in unemployment rates2 by ethnic origin; spring 1983 to 1988
Persons of working age (16 to 59/64)	Great Britain per cent.
	GB labour force definition of unemployment	ILO/OECD definition of unemployment
	1983	1984	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988 (preliminary results)
All persons
All origins³	11.2	11.3	11.8	11.2	11.2	10.7	8.7
White	10.9	10.8	11.4	10.9	10.8	10.5	8.3
Ethnic minority groups of whom:	20.9	20.5	21.4	20.7	20.0	17.1	13.5
West Indian-Guyanese	23	25	24	22	23	18	15
Indian	18	15	16	18	17	13	12
Pakistan-Bangladeshi	32	35	34	30	28	29	21
All other origins³	16	19	19	18	17	15	10
Males
All origins³	11.9	11.6	11.9	11.5	11.5	11.0	8.9
White	11.5	11.1	11.4	11.0	11.1	10.7	8.6
Ethnic minority groups of whom:	21.7	21.1	22.1	21.6	20.5	17.4	14.3
West Indian-Guyanese	28	29	30	21	26	21	18
Indian	17	13	13	19	16	10	11
Pakistan-Bangladeshi	31	34	33	28	27	30	25
All other origins³	17	18	19	18	17	15	9
Females
All origins³	10.3	10.8	11.7	10.9	10.8	10.3	8.5
White	9.9	10.4	11.3	10.6	10.4	10.1	8.3
Ethnic minority groups of whom:	18.8	19.3	20.2	19.2	19.4	16.5	12.4
West Indian-guyanese	19	17	18	20	19	16	11
Indian	20	19	20	17	19	17	13
Pakistan-Bangladeshi	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
All other origins³	15	20	19	17	17	15	10
Source: LFS time series estimates.
¹ Less than 10,000 in cell: estimate not shown.
² Unemployed people expresses as a percentage of all economically active persons in the relevant group. Based on ILO/OECD definition of unemployment (except as indicated in the first two columns of table 1, and in table 5).
³ Includes those who did not state origin.

Table 2
Unemployment rates² by ethnic origin and region.average, spring 1986–88
Persons of working age (16 to 59–64)	Per cent.
	All ethnic origins³	White	Ethnic minority	West Indian/Guyanese	Indian	Pakistani/Bangladeshi	All other origins³
All persons
Great Britain	10	10	17	19	14	27	14
England	10	9	17	19	14	27	14
North	14	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Yorkshire and Humberside	12	11	22	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Midlands	10	9	19	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Anglia	8	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South East	7	7	13	16	10	24	12
Greater London	9	8	15	17	10	28	13
Rest of South East	6	6	9	¹	¹	¹	¹
South West	9	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
West Midlands	11	11	26	24	25	¹	¹
North West	13	13	23	¹	¹	¹	¹
Wales	13	13	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Scotland	14	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Males
Great Britain	10	10	17	22	12	27	13
England	10	9	17	22	12	27	13
North	15	15	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Yorkshire and Humberside	12	12	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Midlands	9	9	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Anglia	7	7	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South East	7	7	14	19	¹	¹	12
Greater London	10	9	15	20	¹	¹	14
Rest of South East	6	6	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South West	8	7	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
West Midlands	12	11	26	¹	¹	¹	¹
North West	14	13	23	¹	¹	¹	¹
Wales	14	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Scotland	15	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹

Table 3
Unemployment Rates2 By Ethnic Origin and Region: Average Spring 1985–1987
Persons of working age (16 to 59/64)	Per cent.
	All ethnic origins³	White	Ethnic minority groups	West Indian/Guyanese	Indian	Pakistani/Bangaladeshi	All other Origins³
All persons
Great Britain	11	11	19	21	16	29	17
England	11	10	19	21	16	29	16
North	15	15	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Yorkshire and Humberside	12	12	26	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Midlands	10	10	23	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Anglia	9	9	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South East	8	8	15	17	10	25	11
Greater London	10	9	16	18	10	¹	15
Rest of South East	7	7	11	¹	¹	¹	¹
South West	9	9	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
West Midlands	13	12	31	31	27	12	¹
North West	14	13	26	¹	¹	¹	¹
Wales	14	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Scotland	14	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Males
Great Britain	11	11	20	24	15	28	17
England	11	10	20	21	15	29	17
North	16	16	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Yorkshire and Humberside	13	13	25	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Midlands	10	10	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Anglia	8	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South East	8	8	15	19	¹	¹	15
Greater London	10	9	17	21	¹	¹	17
Rest of South East	7	7	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South West	8	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
West Midlands	14	13	32	¹	¹	¹	¹
North West	14	14	26	¹	¹	¹	¹
Wales	15	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Scotland	15	15	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Females
Great Britain	11	10	18	18	18	¹	16
England	10	10	18	18	18	¹	16
North	12	12	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Yorkshire and Humberside	11	11	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Midlands	11	10	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Anglia	10	10	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South East	8	8	14	14	¹	¹	¹
Greater London	9	8	14	15	¹	¹	¹
Rest of South East	8	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South West	9	9	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
West Midlands	12	11	31	¹	¹	¹	¹
North West	13	12	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Wales	13	13	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Scotland	13	13	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹

Table 4
Unemployment Rates² By Ethnic Origin and Region: Average Spring 1984–1986
Persons of working age (16 to 59/64)	Per cent.
	All ethnic origins³	White	Ethnic minority groups	West Indian/Guyanese	Indian	Pakistani/Bangladeshi	All other Origins³
All persons
Great Britain	11	10	20	22	16	31	18
England	10	10	20	22	16	31	17
North	15	15	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Yorkshire and Humberside	12	11	28	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Midlands	10	9	20	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Anglia	8	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South East	8	8	16	18	11	26	16
Greater London	9	8	16	19	11	¹	17
Rest of South East	7	7	14	¹	¹	¹	¹
South West	8	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
West Midlands	13	12	29	30	26	40	¹
North West	13	13	29	¹	¹	¹	¹
Wales	14	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Scotland	14	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Males
Great Britain	11	11	21	25	15	30	17
England	11	10	21	25	16	30	17
North	16	16	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Yorkshire and Humberside	13	12	29	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Midlands	10	9	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Anglia	7	7	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South East	8	7	16	21	9	¹	15
Greater London	9	8	17	22	¹	¹	15
Rest of South East	7	7	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South West	8	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
West Midlands	14	12	31	¹	¹	¹	¹
North West	15	14	31	¹	¹	¹	¹
Wales	15	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Scotland	15	5	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Females
Great Britain	10	10	19	18	18	¹	18
England	10	9	19	18	18	¹	18
North	13	13	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Yorkshire and Humberside	11	11	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Midlands	9	9	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Anglia	9	9	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South East	8	8	16	16	14	¹	17
Greater London	9	8	16	16	¹	¹	19
Rest of South East	8	7	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South West	9	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
West Midlands	12	11	27	¹	¹	¹	¹
North West	12	11	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Wales	12	12	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Scotland	12	12	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
¹ See footnote to table 1.

Table 5
Unemployment Rates² By Ethnic Origin and Region: Average Spring 1983–1985
Persons of working age (16 to 59/64)	Per cent.
	All ethnic origins³	White	Ethnic minority groups	West Indian/Guyanese	Indian	Pakistani/Bangladeshi	All other Origins³
All persons
Great Britain	11	11	20	22	17	32	17
North	15	15	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Yorkshire and Humberside	12	12	27	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Midlands	9	9	20	¹	¹	¹	¹
East Anglia	8	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
South East	8	8	16	19	12	25	15
South West	8	8	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
West Midlands	14	12	30	32	26	43	¹
North West	14	13	29	¹	¹	¹	¹
Wales	14	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Scotland	14	14	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Males
Great Britain	11	11	21	26	16	31	17