§ Mr. BowisTo ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster if he will provide figures for the total amount436W per head of population spent on research and development for the last five available years in the following countries: Norway, Sweden, Western Germany, France, the United States of America, Japan, Italy and the United Kingdom.
§ Mr. Alan Clark[holding answer 11 March 1988]: The available information is given in the table.
Gross expenditure on research and development per head of the total population1 2£ per head 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Norway 71 81 93 109 120 Sweden 117 n.a. 151 n.a. 200 West Germany 126 139 151 n.a. 184 France 101 115 125 139 153 United States of America 167 186 206 235 270 Japan 100 115 132 150 177 Italy 41 46 51 58 70 United Kingdom 110 n.a. 123 n.a. 146 n.a. Data not available. 1 For 1985, where this was not available that for the nearest year has been taken. 2 Exchange rates at purchasing power parities calculated by OECD have been used to convert foreign currencies to sterling. Source: OECD.
§ Mr. BowisTo ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster if he will provide figures for the proportion of gross domestic product spent on research and develop-ment for the last five available years in the following countries: Norway, Sweden, Western Germany, France, the United States of America, Japan, Italy and the United Kingdom.
§ Mr. Alan Clark[holding answer 11 March 1988]: The available information is given in the table:
Gross expenditure on research and development as a percentage of gross domestic product Per cent. Country 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Norway 1.29 1.37 1.41 1.51 1.53 Sweden 2.22 .. 2.46 .. 2.79 West Germany 2.45 2.51 2.54 .. 2.66 France 2.01 2.10 2.15 2.25 2.31 United States of America 2.45 2.60 2.62 2.69 2.83 Japan 2.14 2.23 2.36 2.45 2.62 Italy 1.01 1.04 1.12 1.19 1.33 United Kingdom 2.42 .. 2.27 .. 2.33 .. = data not available. Source: OECD.