§ Jane GriffithsTo ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what representations she has received on behalf of the UK motor industry regarding the energy costs of Government policy on reducing carbon dioxide emissions. [173806]
§ Mr. MorleyResponses to the 2002 Energy White Paper consultation were received from a broad range of transport sector stakeholders, including vehicle manufacturers and trade associations covering most modes of transport.
More recently, the UK motor industry have been constructively involved in consultation on the National Allocation Plan and in regular contact with the Department throughout the implementation of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.
§ Jane GriffithsTo ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what estimate her Department has made of greenhouse gas emissions from aviation in(a) 2008, (b) 2012, (c) 2020, (d) 2030 and (e) 2050, assuming no fiscal or emissions policy changes; and what proportion of total UK greenhouse gas emissions it is estimated that these figures would represent. [173807]
§ Mr. MorleyThe following table shows carbon dioxide from aviation for the years 2010 to 2050 as million tonnes carbon per year (MtC/yr) and as a percentage of UK emissions.
Table 1 MtC/yr Percentage 2010 11 7.5 2020 15 11.5 2030 17.5 15 2050 17.5 21.5 The entries in the table are consistent with the White Paper, "The Future of Air Transport", published in December 2003. They are rounded to the nearest 0.5 MtC/yr and 0.5 per cent. The percentage is expressed relative to the sum of (i) UK emissions projected to meet a 60 per cent. reduction in UK carbon dioxide emissions as described in the Energy White Paper published in February 2003 (which includes domestic aviation emissions) and (ii) emissions from international aviation associated with departures from UK airports. Aviation emissions are projected to stop rising between 2030 and 2050 due to fuel efficiency improvements anticipated by the Advisory Council for Aeronautical Research in Europe (ACARE) and the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1489W The projections do not make assumptions about fiscal or emissions policy changes. Data are not available for the years 2008 and 2012.
The total effect of aviation on greenhouse gas emissions is likely to be greater than values projected for CO2 only, mainly because the majority of emissions take place at altitude, which could increase the impact of aviation emissions by 2.5 times the impact of CO2 alone. This radiative forcing factor is subject to uncertainty and could be between two and four times. Taking this into account yields the following estimates for aviation as a proportion of total greenhouse gas emissions:
Table 2 MtCequiv/yr Percentage 2010 27 14.5 2020 37.5 21 2030 44.5 26 2050 43.5 32.5 The figures in the second table are expressed in million tonnes of carbon equivalent per year and are rounded as before. The percentage is expressed in terms of total UK greenhouse gas emissions to 2050 assuming CO2 meets the Energy White Paper target plus aviation CO2 emissions from Table 2 multiplied by 2.5.
Net Farm Income 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 Cambridgeshire 29,964 17,207 24,827 25,758 13,794 EU East Region 13,190 9,604 11,367 11,997 16,894 England 10,359 7,981 9,886 13,558 16,435 Source: Farm Business Survey Net farm income is the return to the principal farmer and spouse for their manual and managerial labour and to the tenant-type capital of the business.
§ Mr. BlizzardTo ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what research she has commissioned to examine alternatives to the use of plastic sheeting used to cover fields and crops in farm production. [174469]
§ Alun MichaelA DEFRA-funded research project is under way to examine the feasibility of using innovative types of physical barriers to assist in crop protection against insect pests. If successful this research will allow for a reduction in the use of plastic mulches and sheeting in vegetable crop production.
£ Region EAGGF 2000 EAGGF 2001 EAGGF 2002 EAGGF 2003 North East 40,050,129.43 37,370,886.64 35,483,680.86 64,980,655.45 North West 92,344,812.66 87,942,065.88 82,485,021.47 64,408,879.73 Yorkshire and Humberside 141,359,755.7 0 132,426,384.6 8 121,302,982.7 4 156,415,335.2 3 East Midlands 76,726,571.39 73,270,305.99 70,939,947.40 201,269,620.0 3 West Midlands 144,171,286.3 5 136,276,269.0 4 126,245,295.9 3 118,328,138.8 0 East of England 295,741,837.7 7 322,832,075.2 6 156,649,435.5 5 247,015,083.5 7 London 3,576,189.62 3,475,194.34 2,045,673.95 2,933,818.91 South East 117,465,773.7 4 110,603,194.3 4 98,589,082.77 163,282,273.0 2 South West 466,686,008.3 2 447,496,249.9 4 127,052,633.5 1 204,787,183.3 1