Water Charges (Hansard, 28 April 1998)

§ Angela Eagle

My Department has commissioned or partly funded the following recent published research:

W. S. Atkins (1992). "The Social Impact of Water Metering: Summary". Birmingham, UK: Department of the Environment and Office of Water Services;National Metering Trials Working Group (1993). "National Metering Trials Final Report." UK: Water Services Association: andDepartment of the Environment, Transport and the Regions and Welsh Office (1 April 1998) "Council tax bands as the basis for charging households", in "Water Charging in England and Wales—A New Approach", UK, DETR and Welsh Office. A fuller report of this research will be published shortly.

We are aware of a range of further recent work which is relevant to tariff structures for water charging, including:

Achtienribbe, G., V. Homer, E. Papp and W. Wiederkehr (1992). "International Comparison of Drinking Water Prices." Aqua Vol. 41 No 6, 3 60–3 63.Ballance, A. J. (1996). "Supply and Demand: The Importance of Demand Management." Water Environment '96, London: Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management and Institution of Civil Engineers.Binnie, C. J. A. (1992). "Demand Management, Tariffs and Metering." London: Institution of Water and Environmental Management, Paying for Water Symposium.Bowler, P. (1997). "Paying for Water." Waterwatch, 259 South Street, Rotherham, South Yorkshire S61 2NW.British Medical Association (1994), "Water: A Vital Resource", Board of Science and Education, London.California Urban Water Conservation Council (1994), "Setting Urban Water Rates for Efficiency and Conservation", USA.79WChesnutt, T. W., Anil Bamezai and W. Michael Hanemann (1993). "Revenue Instability Induced by Conservation Rate Structures: An Empirical Investigation of Coping Strategies." Conserv'93 paper 2C-5. Denver, USA: American Water Works Association.Cowley, Tom (1995). "The Company-Wide Introduction of Encoded Meters for Customers: Policy and Implementation". Water Metering Technology and Practice Seminar. London: Society of British Water Industries.Consumers' Association (1996), "Water Consumption and Charges", Policy Report, London.Cunninghame, Griffin, Laws (1996) "Water Tight: The Impact of Water Metering on Low-Income Families", Save The Children.Dietz, Cynthia and Judi Ranton (1995). "Targetted Programming for Low Income Households." Conserv'96 paper I OC-3. Denver, USA: American Water Works Association.Dziegielewski, B. (1990). "Estimating Price Elasticity of Demand for Water: The Impact of Conservation Rate Structures." In Michael W. Bloome, ed., "Rate Structures to Promote Conservation: Conference Proceedings." USA: Delaware River Basin Commission and New York City Waterboard.Environment Agency (1998). "A Review of Tariffs for Public Water Supply (A Report to the Environment Agency)" J. Pezzey and G. A. Mill.Federico, K. (1990). "Experience in Mandating Water Conservation Pricing In Palm Beach County". In Michael W. Bloome, ed., "Rate Structures to Promote Conservation: Conference Proceedings." USA: Delaware River Basin Commission and New York City Waterboard.Fox, T. P. (1995). "Analysis, Design and Implementation of a Conservation Rate Structure." Conserv'96 paper 2F-1. Denver, USA: American Water Works Association.Griffith, Fred P. (1990). "Peak Use Charge: Customer Relations." In Michael W. Bloome, ed., "Rate Structures to Promote Conservation: Conference Proceedings." USA: Delaware River Basin Commission and New York City Waterboard.Hall, Darwin C. and W. Michael Hanemann (1996). "Urban Water Rate Design Based on Marginal Cost." In Darwin C. Hall, ed., "Advances in the Economics of Environmental Resources: Vol 1." LTK:JAI Press.Hansen (1996), "Water and Energy Price Impacts on Residential Water Demand in Copenhagen", Land Economics, 72(1), 66–79.Herrington, Paul (1997a). "Pricing Water Properly." In Timothy O'Riordan, ed., "Ecotaxation." London: Earthscan.Hewitt, Hanemann (1995), "A Discrete/Continuous Choice Approach to Residential Water Demand Under Block Rate Pricing", Land Economics 72(1), 2159–67.IFS (Institute of Fiscal Studies)(1993). "The Distributional Effects of Different Methods of Charging Households for Water and Sewerage Services." Birmingham, LTK: Office of Water Services.Jordan, J. L. (1995). "A Case Study of Using Price to Conserve Water". Conserv'96 paper 6F-3. Denver, USA: American Water Works Association.Merio, G. (1994). "Policies of Tariffs: National Report Italy." Water Supply, Vol 12 No 1, IR3–27 to IR3–29.Mid Kent Water PLC (1997). "Meter Pilot Project: Report 1".National Consumer Council (1991). "Paying for Water".New Policy Institute (1997). "Fair and Sustainable: Paying for Water".Nieswiadomy, Michael L. (1992). "Estimating Urban Residential Demand: Effect of Price Structure, Conservation and Education." Water Resources Research, Vol 28,609–615.OFWAT (1990). "Paying for Water: A Time for Decisions." Birmingham, UK: Office of Water Services.80WOFWAT (1991). "Paying for Water: The Way Ahead." Birmingham, UK: Office of Water Services.OFWAT (1994). "A Better Deal for Metered Customers: A Report on Tariff Rebalancing and Improvements in Optional Metering Schemes." Birmingham, UK: Office of Water Services.OFWAT (1996). "1995–96 Report on the Cost of Water Delivered and Sewage Collected." Birmingham, UK: Office of Water Services.OFWAT (1997). "1997–98 Report on Tariff Structure and Charges." Birmingham, UK: Office of Water Services.OFWAT (1997). "Tariff Rebalancing and the Tariff Basket." Birmingham, UK: Office of Water Services.OFWAT (1997). "Water Pricing: Importance of Long Run Marginal Costs." Birmingham, UK: Office of Water Services.Ozog, M. T. (1995). "Price Elasticity and Net Lost Revenue." Conserv'96 paper 6F-2. Denver, USA: American Water Works Association.Raftelis, G. A. (1993). "Comprehensive Guide to Water and Wastewater Financing and Pricing." 2nd edition. USA:Lewis.Renzetti, S. (1992). "Evaluating the Welfare Effects of Reforming Municipal Water Prices". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol 22,147–63.Russell, D. F. and C. P. N. Woodcock (1994). "Policies of Tariffs: National Report USA." Water Supply, Vol 12 No 1, ER3–37 to IR3–43.Schneider, M. L. and E. E. Vbtlatch (1991). "User-Specific Water Demand Elasticities." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management—ASCE, Vol 11 7 No 1,52–73.Stevens, T. H., J. Miller and C. Willis (1992). "Effect of Price Structure on Residential Water Demand." Water Resources Bulletin, Vol 28 No 4,681–685.Sullivan, Dean (1995). "European Water Charges: A Comparison of 17 Cities." Centre for the Study of Regulated Industries and Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy.Thackray, John (1996). "An Overview of Current Water Use and Charges in the UK Compared to Other Countries." In Water—Conservation and Re-Use. London: Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Managers.Whitcomb, J. B., J. W. Yingling and Marvin Winer (1993). "Residential Water Price Elasticities in Southwest Florida." Conserv'93 paper 2C-6. Denver, USA: American Water Works Association.Wiederkehr, W. (1994). "Policies of Tariffs." Water Supply, of 12 No 1, IR3–1 to IR3–11.Woo, C. K. (1992). "Drought Management, Service Interruption and Water Pricing—Evidence from Hong Kong." Water Resources Research, Vol 28 No 10,2591–2595.

We are also aware of other research which has yet to be published.