Nursery Education (Hansard, 14 May 1986)

§ Mr. Austin Mitchell
asked the Secretary of State for Education and Science what is the proportion of under-fives in nursery education in the United Kingdom: and what information he has about the equivalent figures for France, Japan and the United States of America.

§ Mr. Dunn
There is no standard definition of "nursery education". The forms of pre-school provision vary between and within countries, as does practice in the age and times of year at which children are admitted to compulsory education. The table shows the latest available comparative information on all forms of grouped provision for young children. Rates for both three and four, and three to five-year-olds are shown, as in the other countries compulsory schooling starts at age six.

Great Britain universities: student unit costs 1983–84 academic year

Subject Net institutional recurrent unit cost

£

Clinical medicine 8,080

Physical sciences 6,410

Mathematics 4,150

Engineering 5,630

Arts (including English and modern languages) 3,750

Social studies 3,630

457W

England public sector higher education: student unit cost 1983–84 financial year

Net institutional recurrent unit cost

£

Practical subjects 3,590

Classroom-based subjects 2,460

§ Mr. Forman
asked the Secretary of State for Education and Science if he will set out in real terms the movement

Universities

Lecturer (maximum) Senior Lecturer/Reader (maximum) Professor (average)

Salary (£) ^║ Index^¶; Salary (£) Index Salary (£) Index

1 October 1970 17,126 100.0 22,058 100.0 28,118 100.0

1 October 1974 16,172 94.4 19,739 89.5 23,970 85.2

1 October 1979 15,697 91.7 18,811 85.3 22,543 79.9

1 April 1985^{^*} 15,700 91.7 18,625 84.4 22,346 79.5

Public Sector Institutions

Lecturer Grade II (maximum)^* Senior Lecturer (maximum)^† Reader (maximum) Academic Posts Above Reader (maximum)^‡

Salary (£) ^║ lndex^¶; Salary (£) Index Salary (£) Index Salary (£) Index

1 April 1970 13,084 100.0 14,812 100.0 18,396 100.0 n/a n/a

24 May 1974^● 15,554 118.9 18,807 127.0 22,340 121.4 n/a n/a

1 April 1979 12,479 95.4 14,406 97.3 16,825 91.5 19,606 100.0

1 December 1985^■ 12,774 97.6 14,846 100.2 17,386 94.5 19,944 101.7

^* Under the Burnham arrangements lecturers grade II are the lowest category of lecturer who may be employed to teach advanced work. Only lecturers teaching advanced work have been included in these figures so as to make them comparable with university lecturers.

^† Maximum for senior lecturer teaching a significant proportion of advanced work.

^‡ Professors in public sector institutions are paid according to the salary scale for academic posts above reader. This scale was introduced as a result of the Houghton report and did not come into operation until 1975. It is not possible therefore to give comparisons before the 1979–85 period.

^║ Derived by multiplying the cash salary at each date by the increase in the retail prices index from that date to 1 April 1985 for both universities and public sector institutions.

^¶; This indicates the movement of salaries in real terms compared to the base year of 1970 (and 1 April 1979 for academic posts above reader in the case of public sector institutions).

^● Date of Houghton award.

^■ The 1985 pay settlement was staged, with an increase of 5 per cent, from 1 April 1985 and 2 per cent, from 1 December 1985 for all scales.

^* Salary incremental date changed from 1 October to 1 April in 1982.

Great Britain universities: student unit costs 1983–84 academic year
Subject	Net institutional recurrent unit cost
	£
Clinical medicine	8,080
Physical sciences	6,410
Mathematics	4,150
Engineering	5,630
Arts (including English and modern languages)	3,750
Social studies	3,630

England public sector higher education: student unit cost 1983–84 financial year
	Net institutional recurrent unit cost
	£
Practical subjects	3,590
Classroom-based subjects	2,460

Universities
	Lecturer (maximum)	Senior Lecturer/Reader (maximum)	Professor (average)
	Salary (£) ^║	Index^¶;	Salary (£)	Index	Salary (£)	Index
1 October 1970	17,126	100.0	22,058	100.0	28,118	100.0
1 October 1974	16,172	94.4	19,739	89.5	23,970	85.2
1 October 1979	15,697	91.7	18,811	85.3	22,543	79.9
1 April 1985^{^*}	15,700	91.7	18,625	84.4	22,346	79.5

Public Sector Institutions
	Lecturer Grade II (maximum)^*	Senior Lecturer (maximum)^†	Reader (maximum)	Academic Posts Above Reader (maximum)^‡
	Salary (£) ^║	lndex^¶;	Salary (£)	Index	Salary (£)	Index	Salary (£)	Index
1 April 1970	13,084	100.0	14,812	100.0	18,396	100.0	n/a	n/a
24 May 1974^●	15,554	118.9	18,807	127.0	22,340	121.4	n/a	n/a
1 April 1979	12,479	95.4	14,406	97.3	16,825	91.5	19,606	100.0
1 December 1985^■	12,774	97.6	14,846	100.2	17,386	94.5	19,944	101.7
^* Under the Burnham arrangements lecturers grade II are the lowest category of lecturer who may be employed to teach advanced work. Only lecturers teaching advanced work have been included in these figures so as to make them comparable with university lecturers.
^† Maximum for senior lecturer teaching a significant proportion of advanced work.
^‡ Professors in public sector institutions are paid according to the salary scale for academic posts above reader. This scale was introduced as a result of the Houghton report and did not come into operation until 1975. It is not possible therefore to give comparisons before the 1979–85 period.
^║ Derived by multiplying the cash salary at each date by the increase in the retail prices index from that date to 1 April 1985 for both universities and public sector institutions.
^¶; This indicates the movement of salaries in real terms compared to the base year of 1970 (and 1 April 1979 for academic posts above reader in the case of public sector institutions).
^● Date of Houghton award.
^■ The 1985 pay settlement was staged, with an increase of 5 per cent, from 1 April 1985 and 2 per cent, from 1 December 1985 for all scales.
^* Salary incremental date changed from 1 October to 1 April in 1982.