Sitting of 17 January 1997

Preamble
The House met at half-past Nine o'clock
PRAYERS
[MADAM SPEAKER in the Chair]
DEATH OF A MEMBER
Madam Speaker: I regret to have to report to the House the death of kin Campbell Mills Esq., Member for Meriden. I am sure that hon. Members on both sides of the House will join me in mourning the loss of a colleague and extending our deep sympathy to the hon. Member's family and his friends.
PETITION

  Dogs (Breeding and Sale)
  9.35 am
  Mrs. Diana Maddock: I present a petition from the branches of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals throughout England and Wales about control of the breeding and sale of dogs and puppies. It urges that amendments be made to the legislation to bring an end to unlicensed commercial breeding of dogs and puppies and to ensure high standards of welfare for all animals in breeding establishments. It is signed by members of the RSPCA in the 200 branches throughout the country. It states:
  Wherefore our Petitioners pray that your honourable House gives the Breeding and Sale of Dogs Bill a speedy passage through Parliament.
  And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray, etc.
  To lie upon the Table.

  Public Entertainments Licences (Drug Misuse) Bill
  Order for Second Reading read.
  9.36 am
  Mr. Barry Legg: I beg to move, That the Bill be now read a Second time.
  Members of Parliament often have opportunities to condemn drug use. Yesterday was another opportunity for Members of Parliament to speak out. We heard some dreadful remarks from Mr. Brian Harvey of East 17. He condoned drug use, suggested that Ecstasy made people feel better and stated that he used up to 12 tablets a day. I condemn those remarks and I think that all Members of Parliament will probably join me in that condemnation.
  However, there was also a promising sign yesterday. I spoke to a 12-year-old schoolgirl in my constituency, who said that she would be taking down the posters of East 17. Most young people are sensible about those matters. They want to hear the message, "No to drugs". We need to speak out and give that message loud and clear.
  Today, Members of Parliament have a further opportunity not just to condemn drug taking and the abuses that occur but to change the law to make it more difficult for young people to have drugs peddled to them. The Bill that I am presenting to the House would give new powers to local authorities to close down clubs where there is a serious drugs problem. This is tough legislation, but we need tough legislation.
  In the past four or five weeks, we have seen four tragic deaths from drug taking among young people. We have all become aware of the agony of Ecstasy. I should like to take this opportunity to pay tribute to the parents of the youngsters who lost their lives. I have met several of them, and they are very brave individuals. They have been prepared to go on television and to talk to the media when they are still suffering grief, with the aim of getting the message over of, "No to drugs" and the dangers that even one pill can pose. Their action is courageous, and I support it; it comes from a desire to do something to stop this menace.
  I pay particular tribute to Paul and Janet Betts, the parents of Leah Betts. They helped to inspire me to introduce the Bill. They believe that it will help to save young lives. They believe that if we pass it, we shall be doing something constructive to help crack down on the drugs menace.
  Frankly, I fear the possibility of more deaths. The most recent British crime survey was a warning to us all. It showed that 43 per cent. of 16 to 29-year-olds had tried drugs and that 50 per cent. of 16 to 19-year-old boys had tried drugs. In fact, more boys in that age group had tried drugs than had played football in the past three months. That is the scale of the problem with which we are trying to deal. It has been estimated that, during a weekend, up to 300,000 people may try drugs—300,000 people may be at risk.
  We can certainly do everything that we can to reduce the demand for drugs. I support the educational programmes, the advertising campaigns and all the good work that is being done in the community to try to convince people of the harm that drugs will do. I think most young people are

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  receptive to that message. Those who say that we should send out a fuzzy message rather than a clear one have got it wrong. A lot of young people want to hear the "No to drugs" message. They want that moral support behind them to make the right decision. I support all those attempts to cut the demand for drugs. I note that the hon. Member for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn) shakes his head, and doubtless we shall hear from him later.
  Mr. Paul Flynn: I shook my head because although "No to drugs" has been the message sent out in this country and America for the past 30 years, the use of illegal drugs has increased in every one of those years. It increased last year and it will increase next year. Is it not time to look at new policies on drugs?
  Hon. Members: No.
  Mr. Legg: The problem in our country is that we have been too permissive about drugs. We have not spoken with one voice against them. I hope that every hon. Member who speaks today will give out that message so that there is no doubt about it. We cannot afford to give the impression that drugs can be used for recreational purposes—one pill can kill. That must be the message sent from the Chamber today.
  I back all the educational efforts to combat drug use, but we must also strike at the heart of the supply.
  Mr. David Shaw: I am grateful to my hon. Friend for allowing me to intervene and I am particularly grateful to him for allowing me to be associated with his Bill, which is important to us in Dover. No doubt he will join me in congratulating customs officers in Dover who this week arrested a lorry driver who tried to get a consignment of 80 kg of heroin through the port of Dover. We must welcome the fact that control systems are in force to try to cut the supply of drugs through that port and others. It is important that we should maintain our customs controls as well as our borders.
  My hon. Friend suggested that we must cut off the supply sources, but does he also agree that we must squeeze every penny of profit from the drug dealers so that they cannot make any money out of drugs?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker (Sir Geoffrey Lofthouse): Order. That was not an intervention but a speech. I should also prefer to see the face of the hon. Member for Dover (Mr. Shaw) rather than his back.
  Mr. Legg: I endorse my hon. Friend's remarks. I know that he works extremely hard in his constituency against drugs and that he makes every effort to support the authorities to crack down on the supply of drugs. I also agree that there is a lot of money involved in the business.
  That is another reason for my Bill—a tough Bill that will give statutory backing to the efforts to crack down on the problem. I am afraid that guidelines are not good enough, because there are some unscrupulous people involved in the business who will do anything to circumvent guidelines. We need tough legislation that they cannot get round.
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  Nightclubs feature prominently in any attempt to strike at the heart of the supply of drugs. In all too many cases, those clubs and the associated dance culture have thrived on the presumption that drugs are a necessary and harmless part of a night out. The message put round in many clubs is, "What's wrong with joining the chemical generation?" Some pop music carries a positive message encouraging young people to take drugs. Incidentally, I was pleased yesterday to note that many radio stations and record companies said that they would ban the music of East 17. That is a welcome development. The nightclub culture is strongly associated with drugs and my Bill will help to crack down on the problem.
  I have had discussions with Paul and Janet Betts about the Bill, because they have considered the issues in far greater detail than I have been able to do. They have dedicated themselves to the anti-drugs cause. They explained to me how children like their daughter Leah can go to clubs and be intimidated and threatened by the melee of pushers who may greet them. We have a responsibility to do what we can to ensure that such circumstances do not arise.
  Under my Bill, if the police believe that there is a serious drugs problem in a club, they may report it to the local authority and recommend to it that the club should be closed down. The local authority would then be able to consider the evidence in the police report and come to a judgment. It could decide to close down the club or vary the conditions of licence. The threat of immediate closure is important, because I must admit that the current law is defective. Public entertainments licences are a privilege and if clubs do not treat that privilege appropriately, it should be removed from them.
  Many hon. Members will be aware of the problems associated with Club UK in Wandsworth. Wandsworth council, in conjunction with the police, has been trying to close down the club for 12 months. As my hon. Friend the Member for Dover (Mr. Shaw) has already observed, there is a lot of money involved in such activities, and the club owners have behaved unscrupulously. They have used every legal device to keep the club open. They have dragged out the appeals procedure to enable them to continue their unsatisfactory practices, which continue to leave young people at risk.
  The police have raided that club and found thousands of pounds' worth of illegal drugs on the premises. Its bouncers have been prosecuted and two deaths have been associated with the club. The local hospitals also have problems, because people from the club end up there most weekends. At present, the owners of that club are exploiting the law to keep it open.
  My Bill would enable such unscrupulous clubs—they are probably the minority—to be closed down straight away once the police decided that they posed a serious drugs problem and the local authority, having considered the evidence, came to the same conclusion. That is the message that we are sending out. Clubs must clean up their act or be shut down. I suspect that a minority of clubs will face closure because of the Bill. It is a big stick and its main effect will be to send a message to clubs, club managements and owners that they must get their act sorted out. It will be a strong incentive for clubs to put their house in order. They will have an incentive to ensure that they work with the police and local authorities to raise standards and reduce the risks involved. That will the main benefit of the legislation.

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  I shall briefly describe my Bill in detail. Clause 1 amends the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982. It allows a local authority to revoke a licence if it is informed by the police that there is
  "a serious problem relating to the supply or use of controlled drugs at or near the licensed premises".
  There is a second important condition: the authority must be satisfied that revocation will assist in dealing with the problem.
  Mr. Peter Viggers: I told my hon. Friend before today's sitting that I thought that his Bill was the best private Member's Bill that I have seen; I give it my full support, as do the police and magistrates to whom I have spoken. Will he clarify one point about clause 1? How does he expect the police to define a serious drugs problem? Does he expect the police normally to evidence a serious drugs problem with proof that the club has been raided and arrests made, or will a subjective judgment sometimes be used?
  Mr. Legg: The police force does a lot of work with clubs and is close to the problems involved. The definition would ultimately be a matter for the police, who would have to decide what a serious drugs problem was. It is right that it is left to them to take that decision. I do not think that we can place in law the precise definition of a serious drugs problem; it is up to the police to use their discretion to decide what they consider to be a serious problem. The police would normally regard dealing on the premises as a serious problem. It is up to them to report to the local authority, which will exercise its judgment as to whether it agrees with the police.
  Mr. Harry Greenway: I apologise for missing the first two or three minutes of my hon. Friend's speech. Definition is important—it is important to educate the public about what is and what is not acceptable. If we could establish a definition that meant that closure could always be anticipated, that would send a direct and clear message—certainly to children. As a teacher, I know that that would be important. Will my hon. Friend go a little further?
  Mr. Legg: I welcome my hon. Friend's comments. I think that the word "serious" implies that dealing is taking place or that many people are consuming drugs. The definitions will ultimately be subject to overview by the courts. Some cases will end up in the courts—a body of law will produce definitions and the clarity that my hon. Friend seeks will be achieved.
  Once the local authority has received a report from the police, it cannot close the club arbitrarily, but has to give its reasons for revoking the licence. After revocation, the licensee has 21 days to make representations to the local authority, which must consider any representations, and either confirm its original decision or retract it. Provision is made for a local authority to amend the conditions of a licence as it sees fit. For example, it could prevent a club from opening on a certain night. A local authority may refuse to renew or transfer a licence following a police report. Clause 1 also allows a court that convicts a licensee of breaching his licence to revoke that licence. The clause also deals with the appeals procedure. The Bill in no way diminishes a licensee's right to appeal. However, it insists that the licence will remain in
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  suspension during any appeals unless a court orders that it would be unfair for the licence to remain in suspension during court proceedings.
  Clause 2 amends the London Government Act 1963, which applies in Greater London, to make similar provision to that made by clause 1. Since announcing my Bill two months ago, I have received much feedback from various quarters. The British Entertainments and Discotheque Association—BEDA—has made some most constructive and helpful comments, as have various councils.
  Many people to whom I wish to pay tribute have helped me with the Bill; they include the Betts parents. I thank my hon. Friend the Member for Colchester, South and Maldon (Mr. Whittingdale), in whose constituency Mr. and Mrs. Betts live, for the help that he has given me with the Bill. He cannot, unfortunately, be with us today because of constituency engagements, but I can assure hon. Members that he has been a great help to me in formulating the Bill and has given it his full support.
  There may be three main areas of concern about the Bill, but I believe that in its current form it deals with them. The first concern may be voiced by those who argue that drugs should be made legal. Drugs are a menace to society and the position of such people is unsustainable after all the deaths that there have been. Millions of parents are concerned about the issue and we, as Members of Parliament, have a responsibility to act.
  The second argument is that if clubs are closed, drugs will simply move elsewhere. It would be foolish to deny that that may happen to some extent: those who dedicate their time to obtaining drugs will always find them. However, the Bill will help to ensure that drugs are not so casually available. As we all know, temptation lessens with distance. Paul Betts explained to me that most young people do not actively seek drugs, but in many clubs drugs are literally pushed on to them. I hope that the Bill will help to combat such problems.
  The third potential criticism is that the Bill will close clubs unfairly. The Bill is intended to be tough. A licence should be thought of as a privilege that must be earned and respected; in no sense is a licence a right. Considerable efforts have, however, been made to ensure that the Bill is not unfair. I hope that the Bill's broad impact will, except in a few cases, come in the form of a threat rather than the reality of closure. Clubs will know that the penalties for laxity exist and that they must therefore establish good working relationships with the police and local authorities. Communication with all three parties will help to ensure consistent and fair application of the law.
  The Bill also contains three specific points that will safeguard well-run, responsible clubs. First, the revocation can take place only if the local authority is satisfied that such action will assist in dealing with the drugs problem. It could not, for example, embark on a campaign to close all clubs regardless of how any one, individual club was run.
  Secondly, a local authority is obliged to give reasons for its decision and to take account of representations made by the club. After those representations have been made, the local authority must confirm its decision. Those measures are designed to ensure transparency in local authority decisions.

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  There is a final safeguard: during a legal appeal, a court may rule that it is unfair for a licence to remain suspended during legal proceedings. I hope that those measures will reassure licence holders that, provided they are responsible and make strenuous efforts to combat all drug-related activity, their clubs will not be subject to closure.
  I do not claim that the Bill is a quick-fix solution to social problems of drug misuse. It must be accompanied by continued initiatives to crack down on dealers and educate young people. However, it provides a solid base for a much tougher policy towards nightclubs which, as I explained, are the source of our current woes.
  Mr. David Evans (Welwyn Hatfield): When my hon. Friend refers to nightclubs, does he include discos?
  Mr. Legg: I include any venue that needs a public entertainments licence, and I have drafted the Bill accordingly. I have not gone for venues that require only alcohol licences. There are now many clubs whose activities are dubious, but which do not sell alcohol—they sell or provide water and so do not need a drinking licence, but require a public entertainments licence. There are outlets other than clubs that require public entertainments licences and there may be drug abuse on their premises, too. I believe that by using the public entertainments licence system, we shall catch a wide range of premises where those problems may occur. I hope that my hon. Friend will support me.
  In any decent society, individuals should not need to be given positive incentives to prevent harm to others. In an ideal world, clubs would combat drugs without Government intervention being needed. However, as we have seen, some clubs have not seen fit to behave in a responsible manner. Clubs can clean themselves up, but if they do not, the Bill gives local authorities the power to ensure that an entertainments licence is just that—a licence to entertain and not a licence to kill.
  10.1 am
  Mr. Tim Rathbone: I am delighted to support the Bill promoted by my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg). It is directed in the right way. If we needed any reminder of the need for action, we certainly had it in the past week, with the deplorable and irresponsible words and actions of Brian Harvey and Liam Gallagher. Those incidents underline the way in which the activities of those involved in the music scene, which is so close to young people's everyday lives and aspirations, can undercut all other activities by the Government, voluntary organisations and society in general to contain the horrendous growth in the problem of drug misuse.
  Before talking specifically about the Bill, I want to point out that my right hon. and learned Friend the Home Secretary is duty bound to consider what new guidelines should be issued in respect of the use of cautions by the police. That is especially important after the Liam Gallagher episode at the beginning of this week. It appears that the guidelines are drawn so broadly that the police can technically correctly describe Liam Gallagher as someone who has committed only one offence in police
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  eyes and treat him like any other first-time user on his own account and give him a caution. We all know that for months, if not years, Liam Gallagher has made no bones about the fact that he is a regular user of drugs, and the police should not have let him off with only a caution.
  If the use of a caution is appropriate—I believe that it is in many cases—it must be linked with the police directing the person receiving the caution to get some sort of counselling or treatment that will encourage and help that person to stop misusing drugs.
  Mr. David Shaw: My hon. Friend mentioned the music industry—we all applaud the fact that it is enormously successful and is a net earner to this country of approximately £1,000 million a year. However, will he join me in condemning the fact that some sections of the music industry are based on a drugs culture? Does he agree that we must send a clear message to the industry that we do not want its success to be based on a drugs culture?
  Mr. Rathbone: I absolutely endorse my hon. Friend's comment and I believe that responsible sections of the industry would also endorse it, without any qualifications or qualms.
  My right hon. and learned Friend the Home Secretary and the Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, my hon. Friend the Member for Bolton, West (Mr. Sackville), who is here today, must also apply themselves to the question whether it is within the law for anybody—not only people such as Brian Harvey and Liam Gallagher—to advocate breaking the law. That is what they are doing when they say to young people, as Mr. Harvey said:
  "if it makes you feel better and gives you something to do at the weekend and you go out and have a good time, I don't see why not, man, because life's too short, you know what I mean."
  He should know that life is too short and that he is shortening the lives of many young people by advocating such behaviour. I hope that, even if he is unable to address that aspect of the problem that we are debating today, my hon. Friend the Under-Secretary can look into it.
  My hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West mentioned that he wished that the industry could have tackled the problem itself, without legislation being required. That is the proper attitude. Mention should be made of the London Drug Policy Forum's excellent initiative, "Dance 'Till Dawn Safely", which provides guidelines for the operation of clubs and a health and safety code of practice. The initiative was launched at the Ministry of Sound a few months ago and was warmly welcomed by the music industry. The House should give praise where praise is due and commend both the London Drug Policy Forum and the Corporation of London, which was the motivating force behind the initiative. The forum's chairman, Peter Rigby, deserves our particular thanks.
  Sadly, such efforts have proved not to be sufficient, which prompted my hon. Friend to introduce the Bill. He was right to emphasise the description of the Bill as being applied to
  "a serious problem relating to the supply or use of controlled drugs at or near the licensed premises".
  I repeat, a serious problem.

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  Any responsible club owner or operator should have no qualms about the Bill, as was confirmed to me last night, when I was lucky or unlucky enough to participate in "The Midnight Hour" television programme. A representative of the Ministry of Sound also appeared and he made it absolutely clear that he had no qualms about the Bill's effects in respect of his premises. However, he went on to say that he had been to innumerable clubs where he had seen dark figures skulking in a corner with a bagful of Ecstasy and selling it to anyone they could persuade to approach. They were taking such a businesslike attitude that, even in that gloom, they would hold up the £5, £10 or £20 note to whatever light there was, to see whether it was a forgery. There is a need for the Bill and, sadly, there are clubs to which it will apply.
  Another element underlying the Bill, although not included in its provisions, is the way in which clubs police their environment. The Ministry of Sound has no difficulty with its doorkeepers and operators. They are usually referred to by that rather rude term, "bouncers", but they have an important function in running such clubs. The Ministry of Sound has no need for national or local training guidelines because it has its own security men, well trained and well directed. However, I hope that my hon. Friend the Under-Secretary will keep an open mind as to the need for such guidelines, because if there is a widespread need for higher standards of policing at club doors and on club premises, there may be a need for better training of those club security forces.
  Whatever popular stars say, drug misuse will put their and anyone else's abilities at risk and adversely affect their ability to achieve and to lead a healthy life. We all know—my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West mentioned it—of the tragic deaths that can come about from drug misuse.
  Moreover, drug misuse causes problems for the entire community, especially as a result of drug-related criminal activity and the strong fear that it engenders in many people. The Bill will have a beneficial effect, not only on the operation of the music environment and young people, but on everyone in every community, urban or rural, because it will help to stop young people being lured into drug misuse.
  The Government's strategy, "Tackling Drugs Together", correctly accepted that there is no single reason why young people choose to experiment with drugs and that no single action will prevent them from trying them out. That is why there is a need, which is being met, for a co-ordinated range of preventive actions to tackle drug misuse. Inaction or bad action in any part of that spectrum of activity will undercut the efforts on all fronts and erode the considerable common purpose of the very many people, throughout our country, who are involved in tackling the problems of drug misuse and persuading people of the dangers of being lured into it.
  I commend my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West for introducing the Bill, which I believe that the House should support.
  10.12 am
  Mr. Paul Flynn: Methylenedioxymethyl amphetamine, MDA, Ecstasy, is a chemical product that should never be taken for recreational purposes. It marinates the brain in serotonin—it floods the brain with a substance that we
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  should rarely have in the brain. Those who take it risk their mental health. I will yield to no one in my opposition to the use of chemical products in the way that Ecstasy and other substances have come to be used, but nowhere have we identified the risk involved and what the Bill's effects should be.
  I am frequently accused of advocating the legalisation of drugs. I have never advocated the legalisation of any recreational drugs, and the next newspaper that says that I have will pay my election expenses. I do not take drugs. I have a ferocious objection to medicinal drugs, which we vastly overuse. I have never used an illegal drug and I have not smoked for about 30 years. I do take a drug, which is a drug of the House, a drug of my generation and our generation of Members of Parliament, because I take the occasional glass of beer and other alcohol.
  Let us consider what is happening in the country. There is a huge gulf of misunderstanding between us—and our generation—and the generation we are trying to help. I know the agony of the Betts family. There is no worse bereavement than the loss of a child, unexpectedly, for no purpose, which they have suffered. We all, as parents, want to give them a consoling hug and to try to help them in the terrible torment that they have suffered, which is continuing. We understand their campaign, and the need to work out the process of grief. We all commend the work that they have done, so I do not say what I am about to say lightly. All those factors do not mean that we should switch off our critical faculties and refrain from asking about the value of the campaign of saying no.
  Regrettably, the Bill is framed in the light of the well-intentioned but mistaken views of 10 or 20 years ago. We have moved far beyond them. We would say to our young people, "Say no to any chemical product; say no to those drugs," but have we forgotten what we felt when we were 15 or 18? All young people know that they are immortal—as did we when we were young. Others may die, but they will not. They are risk takers—that is part of being young. Saying no to them is often a perverse incentive for them to take such products.
  Let us examine the serious drug risk. Introducing the Bill, the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) did not quote one figure on Ecstasy deaths. I have asked many parliamentary questions to discover the extent of the risk and the reason for deaths. The hon. Gentleman quoted four deaths this year. There may turn out to be no deaths this year.
  The death that received a great deal of publicity on the "Today" programme was the death of a young girl a fortnight after Leah Betts died. It was described as an Ecstasy death. At the inquest, it was found that the young girl had taken an unknown quantity of alcohol, one Ecstasy tablet and 30 coproxamol tablets. The coproxamol tablets were enough to kill her three times over. Do we have a Bill on that?
  Two hundred and fifty deaths a year occur as a result of coproxamol. Government figures show that, over five years, 34 deaths occurred in which Ecstasy was the only drug involved and 53 occurred in which Ecstasy was one of the drugs involved. That is a very small proportion of the deaths in clubs. We could name the clubs.
  I wish that the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West had heard the following when he spoke about a serious problem: in the period when there were 34 Ecstasy deaths, there were 650 deaths from alcoholic

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  poisoning. That is not people choking on their vomit or walking under a bus, but people who have gone to a club and, because of the irresponsible behaviour of the club owners and bar staff—perhaps on an 18th birthday—taken a cocktail of alcohol containing a huge amount of vodka or gin and died, within hours, of alcoholic poisoning. We talk of 10 Ecstasy deaths a year.
  Mr. Legg: I made some estimates of drug usage each weekend. The hon. Gentleman needs to appreciate that this is a private Member's Bill, proposing a solution to a specific problem—closing a loophole—which is what private Members' Bills should be about. Whatever views he has on other issues—he is free to introduce Bills—I hope that he will support my Bill.
  Mr. Flynn: I cannot support the Bill. Many other people do not support it either, and I believe that it will do more harm than good. Indeed, it will cause more deaths.
  Why do people die from taking Ecstasy? The Leah Betts case attracted the most publicity of recent years. The advice current at the time was that someone who has a bad reaction to the drug should take water. Leah Betts was not killed by Ecstasy; she was killed by a combination of Ecstasy and an excessive amount of water. The drug meant that her kidneys were not working properly, so she could not discharge water: she died from an excess of water. If she had taken Ecstasy alone she would have been all right; if she had taken water alone she would have survived. The combination killed her.
  Other Ecstasy-related deaths are almost all the result of overheating. [Interruption.] If the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West would only listen, he might learn something. Why, for instance, are there Ecstasy deaths in this country but not in Holland, where about a million people regularly take the drug? There has been only one death there in all these years. The reason is to be found in how Ecstasy is taken in our country. The problem is not the chemical itself, bad though that is; the problem is overheating.
  The clubs allow people to dance continuously to that extraordinary music which sounds so alien to all of us. Not for them the three foxtrots that we might have danced a long time ago; they dance for hours on end in overheated surroundings. The autopsies prove that these people die of heat stroke.
  If we want to avoid more deaths, as we all do, we must attack the cause of those deaths, which is bad treatment—after the event sometimes—with excess water. That causes a small number of deaths, but the main cause is overheating, because Ecstasy alters people's judgment.
  Mr. Rathbone: The hon. Gentleman is doing the Bill a disservice by accentuating so heavily the deaths that result from taking Ecstasy in a small minority of tragic cases. The real problem is that anyone taking any amount of Ecstasy puts his body at risk of internal bleeding in the short term and of brain damage in the longer term. I therefore plead with the hon. Gentleman not just to stress the death count, because every single pill of Ecstasy taken erodes a person's good health and possibility of a happy life.
  Mr. Flynn: I started by making that point, but I am happy to repeat it. We politicians have a responsibility to
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  introduce laws that are practical and which will do good. I, too, applaud the splendid document that the hon. Gentleman mentioned; it represents a major advance in ideas of how to reduce the harm caused by drugs. It is no good Parliament or anyone else telling young children to say no. That policy has failed year in, year out. Every year we hold a drugs debate. Every year, hanging over the Chamber in that debate, is a statistic that mocks our efforts. Every year more people use drugs than before—that is true of the past 20 years. Next year, again, we shall be told that more people are using illegal drugs.
  The Government's policy statement, "Tackling Drugs Together", was a major event in itself. It stated:
  "Efforts should therefore also be made to protect those who are at risk by a range of responsible measures, often expressed as `harm minimisation"'.
  That is the best we can do, because drug use is now endemic among our young people. Whatever laws we bring in, that is set to continue.
  The great damage that this Bill might do has been described by that highly responsible body, the Association of Metropolitan Authorities, which has written to many hon. Members pointing out the difficulties. The Bill would stop drugs being sold in clubs. For goodness sake! In my constituency, there is some use of amphetamines, less of crack, and some of LSD, but the fashionable drug among children is alcohol. They do not buy it in clubs—they buy it during the day in supermarkets. They then consume it outside the supermarkets, where they can buy it at a third of the normal price. They enter the clubs already inebriated. If the Bill is passed, the source of supply will move from the clubs to the streets, where there will be even less control or restraint. That would merely serve to increase the dangers.
  The hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West mentioned people who support the Bill, but all the outreach workers and those working on harm minimisation are critical of its effects. They say that drug use will continue, and that by far the most dangerous drugs in circulation are alcohol and tobacco—the drugs of our own generation. We know, for instance, that young people who smoke are 22 times more likely to go on to illegal drugs than non-smokers; and 95 per cent. of first-time hard drug users are people under the influence of alcohol. No wonder, then, that young people with a different drug of choice turn to us and say, "There you are in your Parliament with its 15 bars telling us not to do drugs—you standing there with a glass of whisky in one hand and a cigarette in the other, and a couple of paracetamols in your pocket for your headache tomorrow morning."
  I remind the House that, in 1994, 585 people were killed by paracetamol; in the same year there were three deaths from Ecstasy. That puts the matter in perspective.
  Sir Michael Shersby: Does the hon. Gentleman agree that deaths from paracetamol usually occur because people consume too much of the product—often by accident—either because they believe that twice the dose will cure the cold more quickly or because they do not realise that it is included in other products?
  Mr. Flynn: Paracetamol is contained in 570 products—most people do not realise that—and among medicinal drugs it is the major killer. I have been active in ensuring

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  that such products are properly labelled, and in trying to get the antidote included. We can solve this problem easily. The drug destroys an element of the liver called methonime. A product containing the antidote is now available, and I hope that everyone will start to use it. We could easily solve the paracetamol overdose problem, but I am afraid that the cynical drugs trade is wary of any campaign against paracetamol, knowing that a campaign for a safe form of the drug would involve advertising just how deadly dangerous products like Night Nurse and Lemsip are.
  I do not question the intentions of the Bill's promoter, but I believe that it would be wrong to rush it through the House, in view of all the objections from serious people who say that it could do harm. Good practice in clubs means allowing young people to chill out in a designated area so that they do not overheat. Some clubs already do that and have water to hand, but they make sure that the amount of water drunk is limited. We must therefore tell young people, "Don't do it, but if you do do it do not overheat, and drink no more than a pint of water an hour."
  The conscientious clubs would be penalised by the Bill. That is not my view, but that of the Association of Metropolitan Authorities. It says that evidence that clubs are implementing good practice could be taken as showing that the club has a serious drug problem. The police might ask why the club is bothering with a water supply and chill-out area, why it controls the length of time that the music goes on, and why it has such good ventilation. Clubs run by responsible owners could then be penalised by the Bill. I carry no brief for greedy, irresponsible and cynical club owners who have no respect for the lives of their customers, and I have no objection if their clubs are closed down because of their behaviour.
  We have many drug problems, and today we had the bad news about children who drink alcohol: half of 13 to 14-year-olds and more than three quarters of 15 to 16-year-olds have drunk alcohol in the past month. They are drinking not conventional drinks, but alcoholic pops. This country spends £100 million trying to persuade young children to drink alcohol—a gateway drug to other drug use—and we know that it is drunk by 13 to 15-year-olds. I seriously suggest to the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West that, when a party of 18-year-olds celebrates someone's birthday in a club and somebody buys over the counter a large amount of vodka or gin and laces somebody else's drink with it, causing that person to die—there are 150 such cases every year—that club should be closed down because it had some control over the drink that was supplied.
  It is difficult to oppose a Bill that seems, on the surface, worked to be beneficial, but the House must consider seriously the truth of the drugs epidemic that we are suffering and look for practical measures to deal with it. The Bill is framed in an out-of-date philosophy which has never worked and can never work.
  I once said that one of the main faults of this House is that it introduces tabloid politics that are framed and dictated by tabloid newspapers. This well-intentioned Bill is framed in ignorance. It is written with a great deal of prejudice and it is a poor example of tabloid politics dictated by the tabloid press. It could cause more deaths than it would prevent.
  10.33 am
  Sir Michael Neubert: The hon. Member for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn) is clearly sincere and well intentioned, and appears to be knowledgeable about the technicalities of the drugs scourge. Ultimately, however, he is misguided in arguing with so much qualification against the Bill and its consequences. Although he may rail against tabloid papers and so-called "tabloid politics", the great merit of tabloid newspapers is that they provide a clear, simple message that everyone can understand. On the subject of drug abuse, the House must give out a clear, simple message that cannot be misunderstood. That is why emphasising all the technicalities which seem to cast doubt on the central proposition that drug abuse is essentially evil is against the best interests of the great mass of the British people, and that is to be regretted on this occasion.
  My first obligation is to congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) on introducing the Bill, which will be valuable if it reaches the statute book. I also congratulate him on having the chance to introduce a private Member's Bill—an opportunity which, in 23 years in this place, has not so far come my way. He has taken good advantage of it and is to be commended for doing so.
  I support the Bill strongly, having constantly campaigned against drug abuse. I do not believe in the prevailing liberal tendency to go soft on soft drugs—that would be the beginning of the end. I am glad that the Bill appears to have the Government's support in the person of the Home Office Minister who is present today. It will be an additional weapon in our armoury.
  I must, however, enter a caveat, and the nature of my reservation will become clear when I describe my personal experience. It must be said that my experience is limited—nightclubs are not my natural habitat—although my constituency of Romford has some claim to be the night spot of the south. We have several excellent clubs which provide entertainment for young people. While people of my generation may find it difficult to understand what pleasure can be gained from such experiences as late-night clubs and discos, we see every night of the week that many young people like to congregate and meet their fellows in such places.
  My only experience was during the last general election campaign, which coincided with a charitable fund-raising event called "Trading Places". The daughter of the owner of one of the clubs in my constituency, Hollywood, challenged me to change places with her for one day. I took up the challenge in the spirit in which it was made and, for one day, she became the Conservative candidate for Romford, going around in a pinstripe suit with a blue rosette. At the end of a long day taking her round and letting her see what it was like to be a parliamentary candidate, I took her place at the nightclub and presented the entertainment programme there. That gave me a unique opportunity to communicate with literally hundreds of young people in my constituency and from elsewhere, which I would not have had in any other way. I acknowledge that my interest and experience are limited to that. My impression was that the club was well run and sought to maintain high standards. I remember standing at the door and watching how people were checked as they came through. Anybody wearing dirty jeans was rejected because that was not in accordance with the standards that the club was trying to impose.

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  A more serious problem developed with another club in my constituency called Secrets. It attempted to run a club in north London where the ethnic mix of the community was very different and the nature of the club changed. This is relevant to my hon. Friend's Bill because the club's owners and operators experienced a great deal of difficulty when they became the object of drug dealers' attention through no fault of their own. Although the Bill is well intentioned and will be effective in so far as it goes, it tends to say that the problem starts at the club door. It is clear from that club's experience that that is not solely the case.
  That successful club became the focus of criminal interest. Even people who travelled to that part of north London by train were regularly mugged between the station and the club, so even before they reached the club they were subjected to criminal assault and robbery. My hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West acknowledged that, on the whole, club owners are keen to run well-regulated establishments. That particular club went out of its way to solve the problem, which was not of its making, by providing buses to take customers from the station to the club so that they would not be assaulted on the streets. Once customers reached the club, however, criminal elements brought other pressures to bear on the club, and this has not been expressed enough so far in the debate.
  Powerful criminal elements—particularly in London, from which I come and about which I speak—are trying to move in on any club that succeeds in bringing large numbers of young people together, and that is what occurred in this instance. There was an ugly incident involving the shooting of someone who was not involved in the fracas. Knives were produced and, even though a police station is located opposite the club, the police were not able to intervene effectively. My caveat is that it is not enough to believe that if clubs are well regulated, no other pressures will contribute to the serious problem of drug abuse in this country.
  This week the BBC "Panorama" programme broadcast the first instalment of a two-part series on drug abuse, and we should not underrate the extent to which drug abuse threatens our society: it is one of the major issues of our time and hits close to home. The first programme found that some 70 per cent. of property thefts in Leeds are committed to finance drug taking in that great city. I am sure that much crime in other cities, including London, derives from the need of drug takers to finance their habit.
  Drug taking is a very serious problem. Those of us who are fortunate to lead ordinary working lives cannot imagine the life of the drug taker who lives by the day or by the hour, robbing in order to obtain easy money to pay for a quick fix. It is a life that one would not wish upon anybody. That is why I think that it is dangerous to prevaricate about the different causes of drug taking and to include alcohol and cigarettes in the same category as other drugs. Although they are drugs, they are not of the same nature as the chemical drugs about which we are concerned today. Drugs destroy lives: that must be our simple message.
  The threat posed by organised criminals in our midst is obvious. Since the episode that I described—which led to the club owners withdrawing from the operation and
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  deciding never again to attempt to run a successful club in north London, thereby depriving people in a fairly underprivileged area of that form of entertainment—another incident has occurred in Ilford, near Romford. A bouncer was shot dead and two other people were injured as a result of a person being refused entry to a club. That illustrates the point that, although clubs may be well run, it will not necessarily stop the abuses or dissuade the criminal elements who attach themselves to such venues. We do not know the full circumstances of that incident—no one has been apprehended and charged with the offence—but it appears that some people will go to any lengths, including shooting those who stand in their way, in order to enter clubs to peddle drugs and make money.
  I welcome my hon. Friend's Bill. I support it strongly and I believe that it will provide an effective sanction. However, we must recognise that we are all involved in the campaign against drugs. The police, in particular, must be prepared to work with the clubs to combat the problem. I know that they are doing so but, ultimately, society faces a major threat. We must not create the impression that by passing the Bill—I hope that it will receive its Second Reading this morning—we are effectively preventing drugs from being peddled to young people who congregate in clubs. I acknowledge that, as the hon. Member for Newport, West said, people will find other ways of procuring hard drugs. However, ensuring the good running of clubs is a step in the right direction and therefore I welcome the Bill. I am glad that the Government support it and I wish it a speedy passage to the statute book.
  10.43 am
  Sir Michael Shersby: I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) on his good fortune in gaining second place in the ballot—I say that with some feeling as I achieved only 20th place. I am glad that he has had the opportunity this morning to discuss an important landmark Bill which he hopes that Parliament will enact in order to save the lives of young people who are exposed to drugs, particularly in badly run and improperly supervised clubs of the kind to which several hon. Members have referred. One hopes that the Bill will end the series of tragedies that have deprived parents of their children who have been tempted to try drugs such as Ecstasy.
  I listened with considerable attention to the speech by the hon. Member for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn), who made an interesting contribution to the debate. I am sorry that he does not support my hon. Friend's Bill, but he raised some points that should be considered carefully—particularly his reference to the increased consumption of alcohol and the increasing availability of alcoholic pops and similar products.
  There is no doubt that people's awareness of the association between public entertainment venues and the misuse of drugs was heightened tragically by the harrowing media reports of the death of Leah Betts. I join my hon. Friend in paying tribute to Leah's parents, whose dignity and calmness in the face of losing their daughter helped to bring forward the proposals. Since the death of that beautiful young woman, there have been further media reports about the drug-related deaths of young people whom this country can ill afford to lose and whose deaths occurred in preventable circumstances.

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  The death of Leah Betts and the subsequent trial of the student who admitted helping to supply her with an Ecstasy tablet illustrate the fact that action is necessary. According to a report in The Times of 12 December last year, the person who was supposedly responsible for security at the club concerned is no longer alive, as he was implicated in the supply of drugs and was shot in a triple killing in 1995. That gives hon. Members some idea of the kind of people behind the supply of dangerous drugs.
  As my hon. Friend pointed out, public attention has been focused on the problems arising from attempts to close Club UK in Wandsworth. The licensing committee refused to renew its entertainment licence in May last year and I think that it is important to examine the timetable of events. The club had been associated with two drug-related deaths and undercover police operations suggested that drugs were readily available on the premises. That was confirmed in March last year by council officials. The club lodged an appeal and the hearing against the closure order began in November. Judgment was reserved on 19 December and the decision to uphold the council's refusal was announced only on 6 January. That is a good example of the amount of time it takes to close a club when there is clear evidence of a drugs problem. My hon. Friend's Bill is important because it aims to overcome that delay and deal with matters promptly.
  At the Conservative party conference, my right hon. and learned Friend the Home Secretary announced proposals to make possible the revocation of public entertainments licences and the closure of premises with immediate effect in cases where there is clear evidence of a serious problem relating to the supply or consumption of controlled drugs on or near the premises. The Home Secretary's message at that conference was clear. He made it absolutely clear that it is not good enough to try to persuade children at school and in the home not to experiment with drugs. Action is needed to stop drugs getting into their hands: action at ports, on the streets and, most importantly, in the clubs.
  I ask the House to remember that Leah Betts took just one tablet of Ecstasy bought in a club. Hours later she was dead. My right hon. and learned Friend made it clear that we owe to Leah's parents, and to millions of other parents, the duty to stop pushers poisoning our children. That is one reason why I am in the House today to support my hon. Friend's Bill which, as we know, has Government support and, indeed, the support of many hon. Members. In Churchill's immortal words, we are here to take "action this day" and not allow the problem to drag on any longer, where a year can elapse between clear evidence of a problem in a badly run club and its effective closure following appeal.
  The Bill is important because clubs, as we all know, are a magnet for drug pushers. Bad clubs, as my hon. Friend the Member for Romford (Sir M. Neubert) pointed out so clearly in his most interesting speech, are a particular magnet for the criminal fraternity, who fasten on to them because they know that they will provide them with a ready market among vulnerable youngsters. Sometimes it appears that the clubs themselves—the bouncers, managers and owners—are in on the act. The police often know which clubs these are. I am not talking about all clubs—I am talking about bad clubs and badly run clubs.
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  Hon. Members will know of some of those clubs. The police certainly do, but they cannot close them because they do not have the necessary powers. Even if they succeed in getting a licence revoked, the owner can appeal and prevaricate. There is then a delay, during which the club continues to offer both entertainment and drugs to the youngsters who frequent it.
  The danger therefore remains, and it cannot be allowed to persist. That is why it is important that the law be changed. I do not believe that the hon. Member for Newport, West is right in saying that if the Bill is enacted, it will make the situation worse. The Bill is directed at bad clubs and the delay that occurs between evidence becoming available and the closure order coming into effect.
  We hear much in the House and read in the media about drugs, which is a generic term to describe a group of various drugs which exist and are used for very different purposes—mostly medicinal. It is important to make it quite clear what we are talking about. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 controls
  "dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs"
  which are designated as "controlled drugs". The primary purpose of the Act is to prevent the misuse of controlled drugs. It does that by imposing a total prohibition on the possession, supply, manufacture, import or export of controlled drugs, except as allowed by regulations or by licence from the Secretary of State.
  Schedule 1 includes the hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD and cannabis, which have virtually no therapeutic use. The production, possession and supply of drugs in this schedule is limited, in the public interest, to research or other special purposes.
  Schedule 2 includes the opiates, such as heroin, morphine and methadone, and the major stimulants, such as amphetamines, and quinalbarbitone. A licence is needed to import or export drugs in this schedule, but they may be manufactured or compounded by a licence holder, practitioner or pharmacist or a person lawfully conducting a retail pharmacy business.
  Schedule 3 includes a small number of minor stimulant drugs, such as benzphetamine, and other drugs that are not thought so likely to be misused as the drugs in schedule 2, nor to be so harmful.
  Schedule 4 includes the benzodiazepines. The restrictions applicable to schedule 3 drugs apply to those, with a number of relaxations.
  Schedule 5 contains preparations of certain controlled drugs, for example, codeine, pholcodine, cocaine and morphine, which are exempt from full control when present in medicinal products of low strength. The hon. Member for Newport, West referred to some of those in his remarks.
  A wide range of drugs that exist in our society are controlled by the Act. It is exceedingly dangerous for some of those to get into the possession of the criminal fraternity, sometimes to be modified by them, to be diluted, watered down or interfered with in some way that alters their purity, which in itself can constitute a serious danger to anyone taking such a drug.
  My hon. Friend the Member for Lewes (Mr. Rathbone) made a very important reference to safety at clubs. He spoke about the responsibilities that some club officials have in supervising the entertainment that takes place in

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  them. I have looked into the matter because I am interested in the part that the running and supervision of clubs can play in making it safe for young people to enjoy entertainment on licensed premises.
  In February last year, the Home Office issued a draft circular on the health and safety of young people at dance events and clubs. It provided model licence conditions, designed to encourage measures to improve the health and safety of young people, with particular emphasis on reducing the availability and acceptability of drugs.
  The conditions were intended not to be prescriptive but to enable local authorities and agencies, as well as the organisers of dance events, to devise conditions that meet local needs and circumstances. That seems to be moving in the right direction. The model conditions in the circular were prefaced by the following general considerations.
  First, the onus is to be placed squarely on the holder of the licence to provide health and safety measures, irrespective of whether drugs are being taken, which meets one of the points made by the hon. Member for Newport, West.
  Secondly, the criteria for granting licences should include the availability of rest facilities in a cool environment; the monitoring of temperature and air quality; and the provision of information on the dangers posed by drugs. All of those are highly desirable.
  I share the views of the hon. Gentleman, who spoke about some of the music that is played nowadays, the incredible noise that it generates and the heat generated as a result of dancing for long periods, which in itself is a great danger.
  Mr. Rathbone: I should like to add to the list that my hon. Friend just enumerated the availability of free water, because many clubs, unfortunately, take advantage of the need to drink a lot of water in order to sell water at an exorbitant price.
  Sir Michael Shersby: That is a very valuable point. It meets squarely the observations made by the hon. Member for Newport, West. It is clear that the heat generated in these clubs as a result of dancing for long periods requires access to water, and it is important that that should be included in a regulatory regime.
  When my hon. Friend the Minister replies on behalf of the Government, I hope very much that he will have something to say about the outcome of the consultations that have been taking place. I hope also that he will tell the House what conclusions the Home Office has reached as a result of the contacts that it has undoubtedly had with local drug action teams or reference groups.
  Local authorities play an important role. They are often best placed to attach any necessary conditions in the light of local needs. Councillors, in representing their wards, know their local areas intimately. They are well placed to be able to participate in the decisions taken by local authorities. It is important that we get on with implementing proposals that complement the Bill's provisions. Particular emphasis needs to be placed on the reduction of the supply of drugs by searches of visitors where there is reasonable suspicion that drugs are being carried and on the provision of first aid.
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  It is clear to me that the views expressed by the Home Office reflect closely those set out in the London Drug Policy Forum's paper entitled, "Dance 'Till Dawn Safely"—an activity that, perhaps a few years ago, every Member of this place has enjoyed and one that we would like to see the young people of today enjoying. We want them to be able to dance safely till dawn, free of drugs and with the availability of water and proper rest facilities.
  I feel quite strongly about the question of doorkeepers. In its 1994 report on police, drug misusers and the community, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs commented:
  "There is a limit to the extent to which enforcement and security action can be taken to prevent drug dealing at such events. Even the most vigilant action by door staff cannot prevent drugs from being smuggled into raves, particularly as staff cannot legally conduct strip or intimate body searches, and may encourage drug taking before entering the venue. In any case, it is claimed that door and other security staff are frequently involved in the drug dealing that takes place and we comment later in this chapter on the need for regulating and training such staff."
  I hope that this element of the problem that exists at clubs will be considered. I do not know whether it will come strictly within the ambit of the Bill. When it is discussed in Committee, however, there might be an opportunity to consider the position of doorkeepers and others involved in the regulation of clubs.
  Another interesting report on the topic of doorkeepers and security staff was directed specifically at the private security industry. The Select Committee on Home Affairs noted that the evidence provided by the British Entertainments and Discotheque Association, which represents the nightclub industry, on the conduct of door supervisors' required some attention. The Merseyside police force conducted a survey which revealed that of 476 door supervisors, 279 had previous convictions, including 28 for drug offences.
  The Association of Chief Police Officers reported that a local regulation scheme which involved the positive vetting and training of door supervisors, combined with the power to revoke registration, had led to a 50 per cent. reduction in criminal offending in the first six months.
  BEDA, representing the nightclub industry, advocated in its evidence a national statutory scheme of registration rather than self-regulation because there would be insufficient participation in voluntary schemes. The Select Committee's main conclusions were that there should be better access to criminal records for the industry as a whole, that no statutory controls beyond better access to criminal records were needed in most parts of the country, and that statutory measures were necessary for the contract manning/guarding sector.
  All these matters, although not appearing in every clause of the Bill, are part of the overall problem of regulating and supervising organised clubs which provide entertainment—it is mostly music and dancing, and principally for young people.
  The Bill represents an enormously important first step in dealing with the problems that we have been discussing. Taken as a whole, it is probably a problem that we shall never solve, but it is one that we can tackle and reduce to perhaps a less dangerous level. I strongly support the Bill. I welcome it and I hope that it will reach the statute book quickly so that local authorities, the police and other agencies, working together, will be able to identify where drugs are being supplied to young

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  people, thereby putting their lives at risk, and to close the offending clubs straight away. They should not be allowed to continue in business for another 12 months while lawyers argue on their behalf at one appeal after another, thus dragging out the procedure while the business continues unchecked.
  My hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West has my full support and I wish his Bill every success.
  11.5 am
  Mr. David Evans: I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) on introducing a Bill that is needed to help combat the war against drugs. I deplore Brian Harvey of East 17 for his comments. It seems that Ecstasy has already taken an effect on his brain. I wonder what Paul and Janet Betts think about his remarks. They have been courageous in bringing the drugs issue into the forefront for the nation's consideration and are to be congratulated. They continue to appear on television and radio programmes to put their point of view with great clarity. My hon. Friend, who has helped them, should similarly be congratulated.
  The Government cannot afford to take their eye off the ball. The drugs industry has grown up, as it were, and so have the ways of pushing and dealing. Focus points for the selling of drugs are discos and nightclubs. The aim behind the Bill is to curtail the trade in clubs, and it must be welcomed by hon. Members on both sides of the House.
  The need to introduce new measures has been brought home to the House by the tragic incidents of teenagers losing their lives as a result of taking illegal substances at discos and nightclubs. If we can prevent such tragic incidents, we must do so.
  My daughter, Amanda, has sung and danced in many clubs over the past two or three years. She would tell the House that she is offered drugs every time she performs at one of those clubs. I am nervous for her. She is a strong girl, but she has told me time and again that there is a great temptation just to try drugs.
  We must give the police and local authorities the power to close clubs where drugs are freely being pushed. It is essential that they have that power. We must enable police chiefs to target clubs where drugs are sold. They can then take the evidence to local authorities and then to magistrates, who will have the power to shut the club immediately, irrespective of whether the owner has been convicted. That is a necessary step in the war against drug dealers, those evil reptiles who prey all too often on innocent teenagers.
  The club owners are not always innocent parties in respect of the drugs trade in their own clubs. Sometimes they are aware that drugs are sold. They could even be taking a percentage of the profit. It is right to target such clubs.
  As a result of a number of high-profile drug incidents, nightclubs claim that they have cleaned up their act. That is just not true. Their new attitude is supposed to be reflected in signs on walls that state, "Customers found in possession of illegal substances will be handed over to the police and prosecuted." All too often, the rhetoric does not match the reality. An investigation by a national newspaper, The People, discovered that in clubs such
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  warnings went unheeded, and did not seem to be rigorously enforced. It discovered clubs in Leeds, Newcastle and Manchester that professed to be anti-drugs, but where drugs were freely available and changing hands for money. The selling of drugs is illegal. Nightclubs and discos are not exempt from that rule, and should not be allowed to frustrate the law by having the conviction of the licensee postponed, thus allowing the club to continue to operate and be a lucrative den for dealers. The Bill would close that loophole and the drug clubs.
  Club owners have a responsibility to ensure that no illegal activities are taking place on their premises. By not clamping down on drug taking, they are, in effect, condoning it. The same applies to the forces of law and order. It is the responsibility of Members of Parliament to give the police and local authorities the power that they need to put drug-infested clubs out of business. The police must work with local authorities to marginalise drug abuse, which, unfortunately, is all too readily becoming part of mainstream culture. That trend must be reversed.
  The Executive, legislature and the judiciary have a responsibility to take a leading role in the fight against drugs, which invade and destroy our society. The Executive, in the shape of the Home Secretary, have taken the lead in the fight, and he has given his full support to this private Member's Bill. I urge the House to do the same, and—just as important—I urge the judiciary to back the Government in their fight against drugs.
  The Government have taken steps, and it would be right to remind the House of some of those measures. The Government spend £500 million every year tackling all aspects of the drugs problem, from gathering intelligence on international drug barons to operating drug education programmes. The Government's comprehensive strategy to combat the drugs menace is three-pronged: reducing the supply of drugs, the demand for drugs and the health risk that drugs cause.
  Drug traffickers and drug dealers earn immense profits from the destruction of other people's lives. The Government have increased the penalties for drug peddlers. The maximum sentence for trafficking in class A drugs, such as heroin, cocaine and Ecstasy, has been raised from 14 years to life. The Criminal Justice Act 1993 strengthened the powers of the courts to confiscate the profits of drug trafficking and laundering drugs money. The Crime (Sentences) Bill will introduce a stiff minimum mandatory sentence of seven years for those who are convicted on three separate occasions for trafficking in hard drugs. The Security Service Act 1996 has enabled the Security Service to support the efforts of law enforcers to fight drug trafficking.
  The current sentencing structure must match the Government's stance, and, in turn, reinforce the sort of society that we want to create. I regret that that was not reflected in the recent sentencing of a high-profile performer, Liam Gallagher of Oasis. That individual was let off with a small fine. As a result of that incident, it has become apparent that first-time drug offenders are usually only cautioned. That is outrageous. Gallagher cultivates a loutish image, and has boasted about spending up to £300 a day on cocaine. He should have been dealt with in such a manner as to wipe that smug grin off his face.
  Instead, those whose duty it is to combat the destructive impact of drugs on the young have displayed a forbearance so permissive as to make parents weep.

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  The forces of law and order should realise that they are sending the wrong signal to society with that lenient approach. It is morally reprehensible. A liberal approach to drugs has a corrosive effect on society. Ultimately, the position of a tough Government is undermined if the other branches of the state are sending different signals to society.
  We have recently heard much about the crime-fighting concept of zero tolerance. Zero tolerance cannot be applied selectively. All minor offences must be punished. Being found in possession of a quantity of drugs should be treated as a serious offence, irrespective of whether it is a small quantity or a first-time offence. If individuals fear being caught with drugs, they are less likely to purchase them, thus hitting the dealers. However, the system currently in operation does not punish possession—that is wrong. I propose a system of zero tolerance for drug abusers, which would mean that those found in possession of an illegal substance would be given an automatic gaol sentence. If I thought that it was remotely possible, I would advocate the death penalty for those in possession of drugs. That works in Singapore and Malaysia, so why not here?
  The drug culture has been divided into hard and soft drugs. Consequently, we have downgraded the possession of so-called soft drugs, so that both possession and abuse are no longer stigmatised or properly punished. We have conferred on them a degree of acceptability. Society and the sentencing structure need to send an entirely different message. Cannabis possession and use should be stigmatised by society, and should result in an automatic gaol sentence. It is an illegal substance and it should not be legalised. Many teenagers start out by smoking cannabis, thinking it to be non-addictive—which it most certainly is not—and many go on to harder, more powerful substances. That underlines my argument for a no-nonsense, zero tolerance approach to all those caught in possession of or using illegal substances.
  Liberal solutions to social problems are not the answer. An overweening liberal ethos has infested British institutions and should be eradicated. The end result is programmes such as BBC's "Panorama", which, when reporting on Britain's drug problem, tend to reinforce the liberal agenda that declares that young men in non-industrial areas have no option but to turn to drugs, that prison does not work and that the law cannot cope or solve the problem. Too many young people have been misled by the Liberal Democrats' call for the legalisation of cannabis into thinking that if it is okay for the wacky baccy party, it cannot do any harm. One youngster told his dad, "If it's okay for Paddy the pot, it's okay for me." That is absolute nonsense.
  Young men in non-industrial areas know the difference between right and wrong. They should take advantage of the new, flexible labour market and—dare I say it—get on their bikes and look for work. Youngsters should face up to reality and should not be excused for rejecting it. The reality is that work will not come and seek them out; they have to go and find it. Prison does work, and the law can provide some order and some solutions. A society without a strict set of rules will become overrun and dominated by the activities of those who are ignorant of
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  their responsibilities to others, and who indulge in anti-social behaviour. The need for strong disincentives is overwhelming. As Charles Murray said:
  "If the risk of imprisonment goes down, crime goes up."
  As well as strengthening the forces of law and order, we should also concern ourselves with factors related to the increased use of illegal substances in Britain's nightclubs. It is a well-known fact that drug gangs and cartels operate in our big cities. Those gangs live off the profits of selling drugs, often to vulnerable and impressionable teenagers. Such teenagers are targeted in pubs and clubs. Those same gangs often control the doormen, whose job it is to turn away the very people who may be the drug dealers. It is a bitter irony that in many cities bouncers are dependent on drugs getting into nightclubs so that their bosses can make a profit. It is perverse. The job prospects of a doorman should depend on his preventing drug dealers from entering nightclubs.
  An exposé in The Sunday Times on drugs in Britain's cities revealed the extent to which gangs control the flow of drugs and the places where they are sold. The chief of one city drug gang was alleged to control 100 bars. The article quoted a gang member who revealed that
  "the gangs need to control the doors of the pubs and clubs so that they can get their dealers in to sell. In some clubs 95 per cent. of clubbers will be on some sort of drug."
  That remark—not from a politician or an academic—shows how drugs are being pushed, the importance of doormen in the drug chain and the pervasiveness of the drug culture. It also shows that much more still needs to be done to stiffen the moral fibre of the nation to reject the drug culture and the punishment for those involved in promoting the filth.
  Drug taking should be seen not as a life style choice but as a fast route to prison. The drug culture and the criminal culture need to be smashed.
  A key problem may be the fact that there is no unitary body responsible for overseeing the appointment of nightclub doormen. I understand that there are pilot projects under way, but it may be necessary to contemplate a national register of nightclub doormen. All persons wishing to be doormen should need to apply for a licence from an approved body.
  My hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West has already stated his intention that one of the longer-term consequences of the Bill should be to foster a more co-operative relationship between clubs, police and local authorities. I welcome that objective, which should be strengthened. A strategy for regulating doormen should be formally established and properly implemented. It should then be an offence for a nightclub owner to hire a doorman who did not possess an approved licence. That would hand the authorities some measure of control over the individuals responsible for overseeing those who are allowed to enter nightclubs. For instance, if an applicant had a previous drugs-related conviction or known underworld connections, it would seem sensible to bar him from controlling the entrance policy of a nightclub. It is an overdue regulation.
  If the process could be devolved to local level, all the better. I am not in favour of centralisation, but it is important that such a system is comprehensive and properly enforced. Proprietors who are convicted and lose their licence should be blacklisted and prevented from owning or working in another nightclub. It may be advisable to establish a nightclub proprietors blacklist.

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  I also support the proposal of my hon. Friend the Member for Ribble Valley (Mr. Evans) for the establishment of a national telephone line, so that people could volunteer information about drug dealers. It would be based on the same principle as the benefit rip-off line which, according to early indicators, is a huge success. That scheme saves the Department of Social Security money; a drug dealers line would probably save lives.
  I support the Bill. It is certainly a step in the right direction, but we can—and I hope that we shall—take further steps to clean up Britain's clubs and close down the drugs trade.
  11.23 am
  Mr. Bernard Jenkin: I am pleased to follow my hon. Friend the Member for Welwyn Hatfield (Mr. Evans), who made an excellent speech. There is something of a cultural divide between his speech and that of the hon. Member for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn), which I shall address in a moment.
  We have to choose between a permissive attitude towards drug taking, regardless of its legality, and a non-permissive attitude. My hon. Friend the Member for Welwyn Hatfield mentioned Singapore. I recently visited Singapore and was struck by the clean and upright social environment there. Although there may be anxieties about civil liberties, I have little doubt as to which society the majority of my constituents would prefer.
  While many of us who inhabit leafy suburbs and comfortable middle-class surroundings indulge in the fashionable liberalism of the late 20th century, most of our constituents live in more adverse circumstances and face the consequences of excessive tolerance of soft drugs, for example. How much petty crime is generated by people trying to raise money to pay for a drugs habit has been mentioned.
  Hon. Members have to consider seriously whether to take the fully permissive route which legitimises drugs, and to include in the framework of society social rules about the use of those substances, or whether to adopt the only practical policy and stick with the illegal status of drugs and condemn their use—in which case we shall have to move somewhat in the direction advocated by my hon. Friend the Member for Welwyn Hatfield. Creating a permissive atmosphere around the use of drugs because enforcement does not represent the best use of police time or of our courts and punishment system would put us in danger of fostering the very culture that we wish to eradicate.
  I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) on scoring so brilliantly in the ballot for private Members' Bills. I have not yet perfected that skill, but I shall keep trying, although I have been asked to pilot through someone else's Bill this Session. I also congratulate him on his choice of topic. There is growing anxiety, and a sense of powerlessness, among parents about the drugs problem.
  I regret that the hon. Member for Newport, West is not in his place and I apologise for commenting on his speech in his absence, but no doubt he will read my remarks in Hansard. I am amused that he regards the Bill as prejudiced, tabloid-inspired politics. Conservative Members are not usually denigrated by the Opposition for representing the ordinary man in the street. I find it difficult to apologise for that. In fact, my hon. Friend the
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  Member for Milton Keynes, South-West should be proud of the service that the Bill will do the House and the country.
  I shall reply to the remarks of the hon. Member for Newport, West. He was extremely well informed and produced many facts and figures of great interest and relevance to the debate. I am pleased that hon. Gentleman has returned to the Chamber. There is no doubt about the relevance of his comparisons between drugs. He said that the drugs culture is reflected in the increasing recorded evidence of drug use that the "Say No to Drugs" campaign has apparently failed to address. We are always told how unreliable statistics can be. I wonder how much drug use would increase, and how much more appalling the statistics would be, if we were not saying no to drugs. Just because the problem has become more severe does not mean that we should give up on the policy. It is rather like saying that, because the war went rather badly for Britain in 1939–40, we should have given up and let Hitler take over the country. That would not have been a good argument in 1940 and the hon. Member for Newport, West is not making a good argument in this instance.
  Mr. Flynn: There is clear proof that drug prohibition throughout America and the free world is not working. The prohibition of alcohol in 1920s America did not work. A royal commission should look at drugs policy so that we may examine harm reduction and not continually rely on a policy that is leading to an increase in drug use by giving a greater incentive, the profit motive—in a criminal and entirely irresponsible market.
  Mr. Jenkin: I shall make a couple of points in response to the hon. Gentleman, the first of which I shall repeat because he was not in the Chamber when I first made it. The increasingly permissive attitude of the law and order authorities towards minor transgressors who use soft drugs is fostering the drug culture. If there were a zero tolerance attitude to drugs, people, especially young people, would not think that a little casual drug taking was all right. Unfortunately, that is the attitude that we have fostered by concentrating on the big guys rather than on minor drug infringers. Liam Gallagher and other, similar, cases give that impression, which is counter-productive to the "Say No to Drugs" campaign.
  The hon. Member for Newport, West is fond of making comparisons with alcohol, but I do not think that they are legitimate. We face a rising feeling that drug taking is a fashion, especially among the young. That was most prominent in the 1960s at the big pop festivals, where cannabis was fashionable. People took the view that a little bit of cannabis smoking was all right. They said, "I am grown up and I can handle it." But more research has shown that the long-term use of such drugs is considerably more harmful than popular mythology first supposed.
  In the 1980s, there was the same phenomenon with cocaine. Happily, no one has suggested that a little heroin is all right, but cocaine became the designer drug. It was said that it would not do anyone any harm. Again, we heard people say, "I can handle it, I am grown up enough." But as I have said, such drugs cause damage and we are now in the era of Ecstasy.
  The hon. Member for Newport, West made it plain that he is not in favour of the legalisation of drugs. I am one of the many people he corrected; he sometimes gives the

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  impression of being in favour of some substances. I fully accept that that is not the case, and it was important for him to put that on the record. The hon. Gentleman spoke about the physical damage of Ecstasy, and that needs to be emphasised. However, I fail to see how parents of young people who are trying to get their children off these substances are served by the creation of an atmosphere that hinders the effort to prohibit or restrict the supply of such substances.
  The atmosphere of drugs must be shown to be not only morally wrong because it is against the law, but damaging. The hon. Member for Newport, West seemed to suggest that drug taking is on a par with other happenings in society and is therefore all right. That is extremely damaging to the fight against drugs.
  The Ecstasy culture has become pervasive. I have taken the trouble to speak to people who are not of my generation, but are perhaps 10 or 15 years younger, about the sort of life style that they lead. Ecstasy is a stimulant which apparently enables people to survive an entire weekend or longer without sleep. Its attraction is that it puts people in a high state of excitement and enables them to dance effortlessly for hours on end to curious music. It is the cause, although perhaps not the direct cause, of the overheating that was referred to earlier. It enables the recipient to undertake the excessive and prolonged physical exercise which his physical condition may not be able to sustain. All the problems about overheating follow.
  People finish work on Friday evening, get on Ecstasy, and party all weekend. We are talking not about deprived, unemployed or socially victimised young people, but about career people, manual workers, people who work at desks and those who are employed in the City. They present themselves as fit for work on Monday, no doubt topping up their bodies with some sort of substance to keep them going through the week. As I have said, Ecstasy creates excitement and obviates the need for sleep. People who take it convince themselves that it is not doing them any harm as long as they do not take alcohol with it. We hope that they have learnt that, but we have no idea of the long-term effects of taking the drug. No research results are available, because nobody has been taking such drugs for more than a few years. No doubt this is another fashion that will run its course and people will turn to something else.
  Mr. Rathbone: Although my hon. Friend is technically correct, there are strong signs that, in the long term, Ecstasy may cause extremely serious paranoia of one sort or another.
  Mr. Jenkin: I am interested to hear that, and noted what my hon. Friend said earlier about the effects on the brain of the excessive use of the drug and the unnatural substance that it creates in the body.
  I shall speak briefly about the argument against legalisation. We have semi-legitimised a life style by our over-tolerant attitude towards minor drug use; legalisation would legitimise it. The hon. Member for Newport, West spoke about alcohol and tobacco abuse. It is difficult to control the use of those substances because they are legitimate, but research shows that the substances we are
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  debating are much more dangerous—the hon. Gentleman may contest that on the basis of his figures—because much smaller amounts are used to produce much more instant and dramatic effects.
  The problem with legalising these substances is that it would legitimise the whole culture, which is already out of control. We should not only say that the substances are illegal, but tell opinion formers such as the bands East 17 and Oasis that they have a duty of good citizenship. That duty means that sentences for such people should go far beyond the punishment that an ordinary citizen should be handed out in the same circumstances. There is a shortcoming in the law in respect of public figures, especially role models for young people such as East 17 and Oasis, who are caught red-handed setting a bad example and taking such substances. The idea that it is acceptable to hand out a caution—it was not even a fine—is ridiculous. I think that there was a case involving a footballer who had committed a crime in public and who was given an exemplary sentence. Exemplary sentences should be available for people who set bad examples to society.
  People who regard themselves as responsible users of soft drugs, in respect of whom the argument for liberalisation and legalisation is often advanced, should be told that, if they are responsible adults capable of handling the drug, they should not be taking it at all because of the poor example that it sets to others. If that does not happen, we will be driven towards the Singapore model of more and more draconian punishment. That is not inherently desirable, but our constituents will inevitably demand it.
  I have an observation to make about the general state of the law and order debate. It used to be an eccentric right-wing monopoly to make crime an issue in politics. Now, the Conservatives are being chased by the Leader of the Opposition and his new Labour magicians as fast as they possibly can to try to keep up with the law and order reforms that we are putting through the House. So terrified are they of being divided from us on any law and order issue that they no longer dare oppose our law and order legislation, even though many of their Back Benchers are crying out for them to do so. However, I understand that the Labour leadership have recently crumbled and will not back all the provisions of the Police Bill; shame on them.
  We need to create a new legal structure in which we positively encourage good citizenship. I recall the debate that followed the statement by Frances Lawrence about good citizenship. Good citizenship cannot be taught in isolation. Morals cannot be taught; they are imbued in use by the structures in which we grow up. A moral society not only teaches children that drugs are wrong; schools must assert the authority that they represent. It goes right down to getting children to hand in their homework on time, put on their uniforms properly, turn up on time and behave like responsible citizens so that they can avail themselves of the opportunities offered by schools and so that the temptations, when they arise, are far less alluring.
  In a way, the Bill is about removing temptation. The powerlessness of the police and the authorities in the face of clubs is at its core. They are a legitimate target. The Bill provides that local authorities may revoke a public entertainments licence if informed by the police that
  "there is a serious problem relating to the supply or use of controlled drugs at or near the"

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  licensed premises, and if they are satisfied that their action will assist in dealing with the problem.
  Legitimate, well-run clubs have nothing to fear. The police know which clubs are seriously co-operating with them in tackling drugs, and which are not. Some people suggest that all clubs will be caught up in a draconian process that indiscriminately disperses the drugs problem to other areas. What do they think our police do? Do they think that they are automatons directed by legislation? Of course they are not; they are highly intelligent and responsible people to whom we owe a great debt, especially in the fight against drugs. I have no doubt, certainly when speaking for the police in my area, that they will use the power with restraint and responsibility, and where it is needed.
  What about issues such as water and bouncers? If it is evident that bouncers are part of the drug promotion culture of a club, the police will clearly take that into consideration when assessing the matter. That is not a separate issue, but something that I hope the police will be empowered to consider when deciding what action to take under the Bill. They will be looking for management who seriously co-operate in dealing with the problem; where management are obstructive, we need to give the police the power to deal with and punish them. The ultimate punishment for management is not a criminal prosecution that requires a burden of proof beyond all reasonable doubt. We need some effective and simple remedy. My hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West put it well: a public entertainments licence is a privilege. The authorities should be able to withdraw it if it is abused.
  The Bill will not solve all the drug problems in society, and this is by no means the only drugs problem, but it is one matter on which we as law makers can act, and act decisively, to help in the fight against drugs. It removes a temptation that is being put in front of our young people. As a parent, I would like my children to grow up with one extra temptation removed, one avenue to drug taking blocked off. It is legitimate for us to do that, and I support and commend the Bill.
  11.47 am
  Mr. George Howarth: I congratulate the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) on his good fortune in gaining a high enough place in the ballot to secure this opportunity, and on his choice of topic. I do not intend to oppose his Bill, but I have some criticisms, and a suggestion that would resolve them. However, the Bill is worthy of moving forward and it will make a difference.
  Before I discuss the Bill in detail, I should like to make a few observations on the thoughtful speech of the hon. Member for Colchester, North (Mr. Jenkin). It is true that every town, village and city has a problem with drugs. We must be equal to those problems in proposing strategies to deal with them. He made some interesting comments about tolerance, which I shall discuss shortly. However, an otherwise thoughtful speech was somewhat spoiled by an unnecessary attack on the attitude of the Opposition. We have been consistently supportive of the Government's approach on this subject. We were among the first to go on record as supporting the Green Paper, "Tackling Drugs Together", and we have supported it in speeches in the House and elsewhere. The hon. Member
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  for Colchester, North will confirm that we try to be constructive and helpful in forging a consensus across the House.
  The hon. Member for Colchester, North also made a point about the Police Bill. My hon. Friend the Member for Blackburn (Mr. Straw), the shadow Home Secretary, suggested amendments to the Bill in the House of Lords last night, not because we were chasing the Government—as the hon. Gentleman put it—but because we listened to the legitimate concerns of a range of people, including people within the judiciary. After wide consultation, I think that we have arrived at a set of amendments that will do two things. First, they will protect the genuine civil liberties of individuals and secondly, they will provide the police with a workable system to pursue what they rightly consider an important part of surveillance. So perhaps the hon. Gentleman need not have made those points.
  I have made it clear on every occasion when I have had the opportunity to do so that the Opposition do not believe that there is any case whatever for decriminalisation or legalisation of soft drugs. Without going into great detail on the arguments, I simply state two reasons why it is most important that that is the case. First, the statistics prove that there is ambiguity among young people about whether it is acceptable to take drugs. If one questioned young people closely, most of them would understand the dangers of heroin, but they are often wholly unaware of the short-term and long-term dangers of so-called softer drugs such as Ecstasy and cannabis.
  So any argument in favour of decriminalisation or legalisation is bound to send out completely the wrong signal to young people. It would in effect say that Parliament and the Government in some way condoned the taking of those currently illegal substances, or might consider doing so. The proposal of the Liberal Democrats is to set up a royal commission. The problem with that is that, while they do not send out that signal directly, the indirect message from the establishment of such a royal commission is that we might consider legalisation or decriminalisation in the future.
  Sir Michael Neubert: Does the hon. Gentleman agree that, from a different standpoint, the hon. Member for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn) also muddied the message? It must be a clear message. It should not be confused or blurred by the rather rational considerations that he brings to the problem, which do not get through to the young people who need to hear the clear message that we are trying to give this morning.
  Mr. Howarth: My hon. Friend takes a different view and expresses his views in very different terms from me. I should point out—he would be the first to make this point—that his views are distinctively his own and not those of the Opposition. However, my hon. Friend has made an important clarification this morning: he has made it clear that he is not in favour of legalisation. He considers the dangers of certain drugs—most prominently cannabis, I presume—to be no less than those which confront people who use alcohol and tobacco, but I understand that the only legalisation for which he argues is in certain cases for medical purposes. I think that that is a fair summary of his views.
  Mr. Flynn: That is exactly right. The clear message that we should be giving is that the actions that we are

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  taking at present are not working and are perversely leading to more drug deaths and drug abuse. It happens every year. I want to see a royal commission examine the possibility of replacing the present drugs market, which is criminal and irresponsible, with a market that can be rigidly policed and controlled and can reduce the use of drugs. The test of the Bill is whether it will reduce or increase harm. I believe that it fails on that test.
  Mr. Howarth: I do not want to prolong this argument. I have covered the argument about a royal commission and the faults with that proposal. I will leave it at that. I shall make some other observations about my hon. Friend's speech a little later.
  The purpose of the Bill, as the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West clearly stated, is to make it easier for local authorities and the courts to close clubs
  "where there is a serious problem with controlled drugs."
  That is a laudable objective and certainly one that we support. There are some difficulties with it that need to be discussed because we are dealing with the matter as a piece of legislation. I hope to make a suggestion later as to how we might deal with them.
  Under clause 1(3), the Bill will apply when a report is received
  "from the chief officer of police that there is a serious problem relating to the supply or use of controlled drugs at or near the place."
  There are two obvious areas of concern. First, what constitutes a serious problem? It is not defined in the Bill. Therefore, there is a danger that the Bill will effectively produce subjective legislation, which could lead to inconsistent implementation and so weaken the Bill's authority. There is some evidence for that. There is already some inconsistency, which has been presented to Members of Parliament by the Association of Metropolitan Authorities.
  The AMA says:
  "The Metropolitan Police have made it clear that they support implementation of the Code of Practice and would not take it to indicate 'a serious drug problem'. However, there are other areas of the country where the problems may arise. For example, reports state that Devon police already routinely oppose the issuing of licences for dance events."
  The legislation may be applied routinely where there is only subjective rather than factual evidence of a problem.
  The AMA suggests a possible definition of "a serious problem", which is:
  "Prior to an application being made to a local authority, convictions have been obtained for serious offences under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 that have taken place on the licensee's premises, and/or, the club licensee is complicit in serious offences under the Act taking place on his or her premises and the level of evidence obtained clearly demonstrates this."
  Perhaps that definition could be improved, because at some stage we need to provide an adequate one.
  Mr. Andrew Hunter: I am a little surprised by the hon. Gentleman's argument. Does he not accept that in scores of items of legislation we accept "reasonable excuse" as a legitimate defence, which is interpreted subjectively by the magistrates court,
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  the county court or whatever? Surely the Bill could provide for such a subjective interpretation based on the evidence of "a serious problem".
  Mr. Howarth: I am quoting the view of the local authority association. Given that the Bill is designed to give local authorities the power to close a club, we should take notice of the AMA's views. I am not citing its opinion in order to argue against the Bill, but we need to discuss the definitions provided in it. We may have to take action to mitigate against the possible difficulties outlined by the AMA. I stress, however, that I am not using its evidence to argue against the Bill.
  The hon. Member for Romford (Sir M. Neubert) referred to the problems expressed by the British Entertainments and Discotheque Association. That trade association of the club industry represents more than 700 clubs across the country and it has suggested:
  "In a fiercely competitive climate there is scope for one club to 'sabotage' another with accusations of drug dealing."
  Although there is no reason to believe that local police would be swayed by such tactics, they would be under an obligation to investigate such allegations. There is a danger that valuable police time would be wasted because the definition provided in the Bill is too loose.
  The Bill also refers to the powers a local authority may have to close a club which is situated near to a known area with drug problems. That is a rather vague notion and it could place responsibility on a licensee for public property over which he has no control. It is a policing matter because clubs could not provide the security staff in public places in lieu of the police. That problem must also be dealt with during the Bill's passage.
  Last year, the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West said in an article:
  "Well run clubs that have taken robust efforts to prevent drug misuse have nothing to fear."
  I hope that that is the case. There are many such clubs which have taken considerable time and care to provide proper training for their staff. Some of them have proper drugs policies which they operate responsibly and properly in co-operation with the local authority and the local police. I hope that none of us intends that they should suffer under the Bill.
  It is also worth noting that BEDA, which represents most clubs in this country, has stated:
  "It is therefore important that a safeguard is built into the Bill to ensure that the police do not 'ambush' clubs where a problem has not traditionally existed. In these cases the worst offence committed by the licensee would be naivety."
  That is a fair point and for those reasons BEDA has proposed the use of a written warning whereby Government drug action teams could provide written instructions to a club about what improvements could be made. The hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West may argue that that is unnecessary because there is scope within the Bill for a council to change the conditions of a club's licence. Given the risk that the measures contained in the Bill could be interpreted inconsistently, however, we should allow for a more productive co-operative approach.
  A written warning would allow scope for productive changes to be made at a given club. If those proposals were not adequately implemented, there would be scope for strong action against the offending club.

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  The Bill would allow for the immediate closure of clubs. I accept that the behaviour of the management of the club at Wandsworth, which has been cited more than once today, is justification for such a power, but it is one of the most controversial measures in the Bill and raises a number of problems that should be addressed.
  The AMA has voiced concern about repercussions that may arise if a club's licence is revoked following an allegation that is subsequently proven to be unfounded. In those circumstances, a local authority may be liable to be sued by the licensee for damages and loss of income. That could involve substantial amounts of money. As protection against that, local authority associations would support clarification from the Government—not the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West—about what criteria should be used when revoking a licence.
  Under the heading "Financial effects of the Bill" it states:
  "The Bill will not involve any significant increase in public expenditure."
  We need clarification about the position of local authorities in the circumstances described by the AMA; otherwise, additional costs may be involved.
  The closure of a club would also have a dramatic effect on its employees, who may be entirely innocent of any wrongdoing. It is therefore important that the terms governing the closure of a club are clear and consistent. There are concerns about encouraging good practice. A letter that we produced following the publication of a document by the Home Office Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs stated:
  "We recommend that criteria for the granting of licences for raves and other such events by local authorities should include:
  —the availability of free cold water
  —provision of rest facilities in a cool environment"
  often called chill-out facilities—
  "—monitoring of temperature and air quality
  —provision of information and advice on drugs
  —compliance with a regulatory scheme for the selection, training and management of door staff'.
  The point was covered by my hon. Friend the Member for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn) and others—including, I believe, the hon. Member for Uxbridge (Sir M. Shersby).
  The AMA has expressed concern that the emergency revocation of licences could become counter-productive in reducing drug misuse by penalising existing good practice. Where good practice exists, I hope that we can bolster rather than undermine it.
  Finally, I wish to raise a subject that has been mentioned by many hon. Members. The issue of door supervisors—doormen, bouncers or whichever term one wishes to apply—has been raised by the hon. Member for Uxbridge and, I believe, by the hon. Member for Welwyn Hatfield (Mr. Evans) and others. The hon. Member for Uxbridge spoke of statistics contained in a good briefing provided by the House of Commons Library in its research paper 97/2. It mentioned a survey done by the Merseyside police which revealed that of 476 door supervisors, 279 had previous convictions, including 28 for drug offences. That is clearly unacceptable.
  During the summer I had a long discussion with the licensing officer of Liverpool city council, Mr. Wibbley. The council has introduced a registration scheme that it is
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  in the process of implementing. Mr. Wibbley made the same point as many others have made to me: because it is difficult to establish a local registration scheme, it needs to be carried forward on a statutory national basis. The Select Committee on Home Affairs produced an excellent report on the subject a year or so ago, and we should continue with that approach. I hope that the Under-Secretary of State, the hon. Member for Bolton, West (Mr. Sackville), will make some welcoming comments on that subject.
  I would go one step further. If we are to have a registration scheme for door supervisors, it seems logical that we need a proper regulatory regime for the private security industry. Interestingly enough, many of the more reputable companies in the private security industry support that proposal. It would be an important step towards dealing with the sort of problem highlighted in the survey conducted by Merseyside police.
  I do not want to be negative—as I said at the beginning of my speech, I want the Bill to be given a fair wind and to make progress today. Nevertheless, there are clearly problems—the AMA, whose members will have to administer the scheme, say so—which must be dealt with. I hope that the Minister can provide some help with a suggestion that I wish to make. As there will be problems with the implementation of the legislation, the Home Office needs to issue a comprehensive and clear code of practice to deal with the problems raised by many hon. Members today. If the Minister can give an assurance on that issue—I hope that he can—I believe that this well-intentioned and sound legislation could become a practical proposition and could provide a useful tool for local authorities and, ultimately, the courts to deal with the problems experienced in clubs up and down the country.
  There is a considerable club industry in this country. Much of it is well run by respectable companies and people with proper and legitimate interests, but a minority of clubs provide a clear route for drugs to be transferred to young people at a cost. If the Bill helps to undermine those problem clubs, it will be doing a good job. I wish the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West well and assure him that he will not face any opposition from Labour Members.
  Mrs. Audrey Wise rose in her place and claimed to move, That the Question be now put, but
  MR. DEPUTY SPEAKER withheld his assent, and declined then to put that Question.
  12.10 pm
  The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department (Mr. Tom Sackville): Thank you for calling me, Mr. Deputy Speaker. I am pleased to welcome the Bill and I, too, congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) on bringing it forward.
  The Bill was foreshadowed in a speech by my right hon. and learned Friend the Home Secretary at Bournemouth, which has already been mentioned today. He said that clubs, which are places of entertainment and against which we have no objection in principle, are, unfortunately, magnets for drugs use and represent one of the aspects of the drug problem. While many clubs are well run, others are not and are tolerating the organised supply of drugs in and around their premises. The Bill

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  gives police and local authorities better and more flexible powers to deal with the minority of clubs which have not addressed the problem in any other way. It is with great pleasure, therefore, that I express the Government's total backing for the Bill.
  It is a sad fact that I stand here discussing a measure to do with drugs against a background of a frighteningly large and wide-ranging problem, not only in this country, but elsewhere throughout the western world and beyond. Too many young people are taking drugs and getting into trouble as a result. Many ruthless and unscrupulous people are making large sums of money out of drugs, intimidating people and criminalising and undermining society. In many parts of the world, such people are undermining the institutions of the societies in which they live through organised crime, in which, increasingly, drugs play a central role.
  Against that background, 12 years ago, my hon. Friend the Member for Lewes (Mr. Rathbone) founded the all-party committee on drug misuse, of which he is chairman. He has been chairman of that group for several years, and I had the honour to serve as its secretary for several years. I was sufficiently alarmed, partly by what I had seen in this country and partly as a result of having lived in a large American city in the 1970s, to publish a volume entitled "Heroin: Threat to a Generation" which was published in 1985. In it I said—it was nothing new even then—that unless we could find a means of attacking the problem, it would have disastrous social and human consequences for a whole generation. That has happened, it is happening and the problem that we are discussing today is only one aspect of it.
  The international background is not easy. Some areas of the world are pretty much out of control of their own Governments—for example, in parts of Latin America and south-west Asia, drugs are freely grown and form the foundation of an enormous enterprise and there are those who have a huge vested interest in keeping the trade going. In some areas, the growing of coca plants and opium poppies is protected by private armies run by those who process and distribute drugs to the rest of the world. It is an immense problem.
  In this country, we are now perhaps 10 or 20 years behind America, where a vast market for drugs was created in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, with a problem of similar magnitude to that which I first witnessed 20 years ago in the United States. It is a business that is hard to stop. About 50 million passengers arrive in Great Britain every year, and millions of pieces of cargo. We have a huge traffic in marine vessels, from yachts to large cargo vessels. Drugs may be imported in a myriad of different ways.
  I have been in parts of the world that are especially dangerous to us. I visited Colombia; the cocaine barons have a grip on large parts of that country. Unfortunately, in many other countries in that area—the Caribbean and beyond—drug barons have enormous power and it is very difficult for local police and customs to do anything about it.
  Recently I visited Turkey, where there have been repeated scandals throughout the hierarchy of police and Government, where it is extremely difficult to control the drugs trade and where the political will is always in doubt.
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  Turkey's problems begin with its geographic position, as do the problems of the Caribbean. An enormous problem is that we do not have the co-operation that we need from some key Governments worldwide. Our customs, police and intelligence services, in tackling those problems, are always in difficulties because of doubts about security of intelligence and the political will of some Governments.
  On the receiving end is a generation of children and young people who are at risk not only from the physical and mental effects of drugs, such as the long-term effects of Ecstasy use, some of which my hon. Friend the Member for Lewes described. There are also the social effects of young people being criminalised, being rendered almost unemployable and being driven into crime by drugs, and there are the combined effects of drugs on society.
  With nostalgia, I saw in the Gallery earlier a group of children from the school that my son attended some years ago, when he was five years old.
  Mr. Flynn: Order. The Minister is hallucinating.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. I hesitate to intervene on the Minister, but he should well know that he should not be referring to people in the Gallery.
  Mr. Sackville: I accept your guidance, Mr. Deputy Speaker.
  Young children go through a period of innocence before their teens. They are in danger when they arrive at a certain age—we can debate what that age is—but it is becoming increasingly apparent that we must start telling children about drugs in primary school, as soon as they are old enough to get the message, because they are in extreme danger in today's society. I welcome the Bill, which—in a fairly draconian way—addresses one of the most serious aspects of drug use.
  It is not going too far to say that many parents live in terror of their children becoming involved in drugs. Whereas some reservations have been expressed from some quarters about the Bill, most parents, grandparents and people who look after children will welcome the Bill as a forthright way to attack drug dealers and organised drug supplying.
  I shall now comment briefly on what has been said during the debate so far. My hon. Friend the Member for Lewes lamented the fact that clear messages are not being communicated to young people. He mentioned the issue of a famous pop star who was cautioned as a result of being found in possession of cocaine. I share his concern. In fact, when the news broke I spoke to the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis to express my concern. He gave me a number of assurances. What is more, the Home Secretary is looking into the whole question of cautioning following that case. I certainly do not underestimate the damage that such examples can do to the message that we need to give young people.
  My hon. Friend the Member for Lewes also suggested that remarks made by people in the public eye who perhaps have more fame than brain should constitute an offence when they appear to incite others to take drugs. Under section 19 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, it is indeed an offence for a person to incite another to commit an offence under the Act. So we could certainly look to the Crown Prosecution Service to consider whether such views may fall into that category.

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  I am glad to say that the person involved in the most recent case—the member of East 17—issued a whole-hearted retraction afterwards. Whether he himself or others with influence over him were responsible for that I do not know, but I am glad that the full consequences of what he had said were brought home to him promptly. That is a step in the right direction, but it does not detract from the damage or absurdity of what he said 24 hours earlier.
  My hon. Friend also discussed whether such clubs, playing that type of music and designed to allow people to dance all night through, can be completely clear of drugs. I believe that clubs certainly can ensure that there is no organised supply of drugs in or near the premises. I reinforce what he said about the Ministry of Sound. The measures that it has taken meet the approval of the police in that part of London and of many others who have inspected the arrangements. They include ensuring that those in charge of security staff do not come from the local area. The Ministry of Sound gets them from an agency in the midlands—
  Sir Raymond Powell: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. I know that this is an important Bill, and I seek your guidance. Those of us who have been listening to the debate this morning know how important it is to air all the related issues before the Bill is proceeded with. You are also aware, Mr. Deputy Speaker, of how that may curtail the opportunity to discuss other Bills on the Order Paper.
  The next Bill is of great importance, especially to all the old-age pensioners in this country. I wonder whether all Members present in the Chamber and seeking to catch your eye will bear in mind the fact that, on another occasion, they may find themselves in the same position as my hon. Friend the Member for Preston (Mrs. Wise), who is waiting to introduce a Bill that offers great advantages to all old people. I therefore seek your help and guidance, Mr. Deputy Speaker.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: That is not a point of order for the Chair; it is the hon. Gentleman's point of view. He has been here a long time and he knows the procedures of the House.
  Mr. Michael Connarty: Further to that point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Is it the same point of order?
  Mr. Connarty: No, it is not the same point of order. I have not been in the House for as long as my hon. Friend the Member for Ogmore (Sir R. Powell) and I have travelled down from Scotland today because I am interested in the next Bill on the Order Paper. I heard our Front-Bench spokesman say that we do not oppose the drug misuse Bill and there will therefore be no attempt to block it—it will have the House's support. Is there any way in which we can move procedurally to curtail the debate on this Bill to give us time to debate the next Bill, for which I have travelled from Scotland—
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. The hon. Gentleman is simply trying to pre-empt my discretion. I have already ruled on that matter. I am sure that the hon. Gentleman knows the rules of the House.
  Mr. Sackville: Thank you, Mr. Deputy Speaker. As I was saying, a club that brings its security staff—
  Mr. Connarty: Will the Minister give way?
  Mr. Sackville: No, I shall not give way.
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  If a club that is vulnerable to local drug dealers brings its security staff from another part of the country, it is taking positive action to ensure that there is no collusion between security staff and local drug dealers. As they come from a different area, they do not know each other. That is an important part of the policy of a club that appears to be as close as we have to a model because it does not tolerate the organised supply of drugs.
  Secondly, that establishment maintains close contact with the local police. I understand that it sometimes has plain-clothes police officers on the premises, and that fact is probably well known to people who would like to carry on drug-dealing activities in the club. Its policy is to follow up every single offence that is discovered.
  The important point is that, despite all that, the club is hugely successful and in great demand. As far as I know, it is full on most Friday and Saturday nights at least, and that cannot be explained just by its location and the fact that it has good marketing. Some of its appeal may be that people who go there are not assailed by drug dealers the moment that they walk into the place, and that is an attraction to some people, contrary to what is sometimes said about those clubs. So there is an example. A club can bar all organised sales of drugs and be very successful, and that is what is behind the Bill. The Bill is aimed at clubs that do not take such measures and I am afraid that there are a large number of those.
  One of the motivating factors behind the Home Secretary's original interest—expressed in his speech at Bournemouth—in legislating in this way, and his delight that my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West has introduced such a Bill, was the example of the Ministry of Sound and other clubs, which proved to us that such an establishment can be run without the drug dealers being in charge.
  I was glad that my hon. Friend the Member for Uxbridge (Sir M. Shersby) also welcomed the Bill. He said that we should proceed with the model conditions of licensing, which, apart from the security aspects that the Bill deals with, should include the provision of water and other safety measures. Those do not condone drug use at clubs but are sensible measures for the welfare of young people within clubs. I hope that we shall introduce those soon, as they complement the Bill. He also mentioned regulation of the security industry, particularly bouncers. I am glad to remind him that a circular recently went out for consultation on regulation of the security industry, particularly vetting for criminal records. Part of that document referred to the very question of bouncers in clubs and I hope that it will be decided that those should be included.
  All the voluntary schemes that already exist—various hon. Members have already referred to them—are welcomed but we still need some kind of national scheme to ensure that all clubs come into line.
  I also compliment my hon. Friend the Member for Welwyn Hatfield (Mr. Evans), who is not in his place. He made several points in support of the Bill and said that we must adopt a no-nonsense attitude to drugs. I would not like to comment on whether that approach should include introducing the death penalty for possession of drugs, as he suggested. However, he is moving in the right direction by saying that we cannot condone drug taking. Some people suggest that perhaps drugs do not pose a major problem and that those caught breaking the law in

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  that regard should not be charged with an offence. That is a dangerous path to tread and it will send the wrong messages to young people.
  My hon. Friend the Member for Romford (Sir M. Neubert) raised several important points. He mentioned various nightclubs in his constituency and referred to recent drug-related shootings and other acts of violence at clubs. That is one of the by-prod+ucts of allowing clubs to remain magnets for drugs. However, I stress that there will be such violence only if club managers allow it to occur. If they make it clear that drug dealing in or near clubs will not be tolerated, criminals will have no reason to threaten each other or fight over ownership of the pitch.
  I think that my hon. Friend will agree that the Bill is designed partly to address that problem. Drugs not only damage young people's bodies and lives but bring violence in their wake. For example, some alarming incidents in recent years have revolved around the right to supply drugs to a particular establishment.
  As usual, my hon. Friend the Member for Colchester, North (Mr. Jenkin) represented the voice of common sense. Importantly, he welcomed the Bill from his position as a parent. Very few of those who favour legalising drugs or who are unconcerned about the drugs problem are parents of young children. All parents are terrified about what may happen and, as my hon. Friend said, we must argue strongly against a permissive line on drugs or calls for legalisation.
  The hon. Member for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn) made a number of comments which, taken alone, may sound fairly sensible. He referred to the alcohol problem in this country and to accidents with pharmaceutical drugs, such as overdoses of paracetamol and other legal pharmaceutical products. However, those facts should not confuse our message to young people that illegal drugs are dangerous and must be avoided. We must be careful not to confuse that message. I am cautious about the hon. Gentleman's remarks, although they contained a perverse logic.
  The hon. Gentleman mentioned that few deaths could be attributed directly to Ecstasy, pointing out that they were due to overheating, water intoxication of the brain and so on. However, that is only one step away from saying that we should not worry about Ecstasy—that is what it sounds like to the man in the street. The hon. Gentleman must decide whether he favours legalisation of Ecstasy. I hope that he does not.
  Mr. Flynn: The Minister referred to what I said about the dangers, the special perils, of Ecstasy. Will he address the question why there have been virtually no Ecstasy deaths in other countries—one in Holland, where 1 million people have taken it, and none in other countries? It is a particularly British phenomenon because of overheating and people taking excess water to cool down. That is the real problem. That is what we should address, and we should not take the line that the Minister is taking. The Bill will not reduce harm.
  Mr. Sackville: I am afraid that there are Ecstasy deaths in this country that originate from the fact that it has been supplied and taken.
  Mr. David Shaw: It is an absurd argument to say that it is the fault not of the drug that is being taken but of the things that people do after taking it. If they did not take the drug, it would not matter what they did.
  Mr. Sackville: I thank my hon. Friend for reinforcing the point that I think I was making: the fact that Ecstasy is being supplied—particularly in clubs, although it could be supplied elsewhere—is at the heart of this. At the same time, we need to ensure that people in clubs do not die from other problems. Those deaths are, generally speaking, Ecstasy-related, so I find the argument of the hon. Member for Newport, West extremely dangerous, and ask him to try to clarify what his attitudes to drugs really are.
  The hon. Gentleman mentioned drugs that are diverted from clubs and sold on the street. Well, so be it. Disruption of drug supply is a key target of all police forces. It is a valuable objective. We cannot necessarily defeat drug supply, but the more we disrupt it, the more we make it difficult and dangerous; that is an end in itself.
  The hon. Member for Knowsley, North (Mr. Howarth) made a number of sensible points with which I could not in any way disagree. I welcome the fact that he condemned legalisation. He also said that, in addition to this measure, we need a scheme to regulate doorkeepers. I hope that, as a result of the consultations that are taking place, we shall see a scheme by which the vetting of criminal records in particular will form part of the regulation of the security industry, including bouncers and other security staff at clubs.
  I can give the hon. Gentleman the assurance that he seeks that, if the Bill becomes law, as I hope that it will, it will be accompanied by guidelines from the Home Office as to how it should operate, which I hope will provide some assurance to people who believe that the Bill is too strong.
  Mr. George Howarth: I am grateful to the Minister both for giving way and for giving me that assurance. Can he also assure me that he will engage in thorough consultation with local authority organisations so that their views can be taken into account when the guidelines are drawn up?
  Mr. Sackville: Yes. It goes without saying that we would want the views of those who would have to administer the proposed legislation, which is not only the police but local authority licensing committees. It would be contradictory to write guidelines without knowing exactly how they felt about them.
  This country faces a difficult and dangerous situation over drugs for a number of reasons. One reason—perhaps it is subsidiary, but it is one about which I am increasingly concerned—is the underlying campaign for legalisation that bubbles within parts of the media, and which comes out occasionally on television programmes that purport to be debates but which I rather consider as campaigns for legalisation.
  Within the media, a number of people would like to see an alteration in the law. We see that occasionally break out among members of the entertainment industry.

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  We have already discussed the member of East 17 and his absurd remarks yesterday. Coupled with that are certain attitudes among some senior professionals, whether in the social work sector or elsewhere, and particularly among those working with drugs, who I find have especially permissive attitudes towards drug use. The more we condone drug use among those already using drugs, the more we confuse the message to what I would hope to be the majority of young people who are not using drugs, and probably never will.
  We run great risks if we allow those who purport to be the experts on drugs to adopt an agenda that is based on the needs and attitudes of those who are already involved in drugs. We should think about those whom we are trying to steer away from drugs, especially the very young. We are hampered because there are many people in quite influential posts who are soft towards drug policy. I am glad that the Bill cannot be described in any way as soft. It is a draconian measure that confronts the problem full on.
  The police and customs, in trying to deal with drug distribution and drug dealing generally, find themselves up against some extremely dangerous and well-organised people who form the opposition. It is apparent that drug dealers, and those who finance them, are extremely well off. Those who stay out of gaol and who remain in business have enormous profits at their disposal, which allow them to buy themselves protection. They generally have people working for them who are armed and able to frighten others. They have good communications.
  It must be said that the advent of mobile telephones, especially digital telephones, while being a great boon in many ways, has made life much easier for many criminals, including drug dealers. It is now much more difficult for their communications to be detected and for the police, customs and others to follow them up, to gather evidence of the sort that would be necessary for a trial and to bring them to justice.
  Drug dealers generally have good financial organisation. Anyone who deals in drugs in a big way has to dispose of a great deal of cash, which then comes back to him. There are too many ways in our deregulated international financial markets to launder money. That is why we have gone to great lengths in the United Kingdom—our endeavours have been mirrored in most other countries in Europe and beyond—to check on deposits made at banks. We invite all financial institutions to report suspicious deposits. I am glad to say that we have a sophisticated mechanism that is designed to try to stop dealers being able to dispose of the proceeds of their crimes.
  There is evidence that some lawyers are aiding and abetting organised criminals, including drug dealers, in a way that is contrary to the law. That is unsatisfactory. It has happened often in other countries and I believe that it is beginning to happen here. We are up against a well-organised opposition. Some large-scale British drug dealers, including those involved in Ecstasy and those who have made large profits out of clubs, live abroad, in Holland and, typically, in Spain, which has become something of a haven not because of any deficiency on the part of the Spanish Government but because of difficulties with extradition and different legal systems. Those people organise the importation of drugs, including Ecstasy, into this country from Spanish territory. We cannot collect evidence against them. We can liaise with
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  those other countries, but it is up to their police forces and customs to collect evidence that would enable us to extradite those people and bring them to trial.
  Paradoxically, the other disadvantage that we face is the high standards of evidence that our legal system requires before we can obtain a conviction. People involved in the large-scale importation of drugs—whether it be heroin, cocaine or Ecstasy—often stay a long way away from the drugs in which they are trading, and from the physical currency that they are making from that trade. It is hard to get at them so as to obtain evidence that is good enough to convict them. They know that, so in order to get at them we must look more and more to an intelligence-based system for the police and customs.
  Various measures have been introduced in the past—the Bill is another one of them—to tighten the law so as to free the hands of the forces of law and order and help them to get to criminals who trade drugs on a large scale. We introduced confiscation of assets legislation under the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986.
  Mr. George Howarth: I was able to make all the points that I was concerned to make on the Bill in a 22-minute speech. I concentrated my remarks on the provisions of the Bill. Interesting though the Minister's speech is—on another occasion I would like to debate this matter with him—it is not entirely relevant to the Bill. Will he make progress, so as to give my hon. Friend the Member for Preston (Mrs. Wise) a chance to present her Bill?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker (Mr. Michael Morris): Order. The Minister has been entirely in order so far.
  Mr. Sackville: Thank you, Mr. Deputy Speaker. I am glad that the hon. Gentleman found my speech interesting. I shall continue for a little longer if I may.
  Financial institutions make disclosures to the police about transactions that imply money laundering. A series of laws has been put on the statute book that has changed the burden of evidence, so that it is more difficult for people who deal in large quantities of drugs and make large quantities of cash from it to hide those profits from the authorities. People who are brought to trial for drug offences are made to prove that the assets that they have at their disposal are not the proceeds of crime. That has helped us to pursue such criminals. No one should underestimate the difficulties of finding evidence against them.
  We have recently proposed much stronger penalties for drug traffickers. Under the Crime (Sentences) Bill—which has just completed its passage through the House—we have proposed that persistent traffickers in class A drugs should receive a minimum seven-year sentence. That policy has found favour on both sides of the House and among public opinion.
  Mr. Dennis Skinner: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. You will be aware that no one has spoken against the measure proposed by the hon. Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg). We recently debated the Finance Bill. As on many occasions, the House was divided on controversial issues and the Treasury Minister who replied to the debate spoke for 20 or 30 minutes. Today, the Minister has already spoken

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  for 45 minutes about a measure that has not been opposed. Is it not clear that the Minister is trying to stop the Cold Weather Payments (Wind Chill Factor) Bill getting on to the statute book and he will stand accused by every old-age pensioner in Britain?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: That was not a point of order for the Chair, but a point of debate.
  Mr. Sackville: Many parents of children who have been in trouble with drugs, particularly as a result of having attended clubs, will have heard the remarks of the hon. Member for Bolsover (Mr. Skinner) and will know how dismissive he is of the legislation.
  Rev. William McCrea: I have listened with care and no one could disagree with the Minister. In fact, no one has disagreed. Surely he is pushing the issue over the top and although he is properly in order, he should bear it in mind that he is sending a message to the community. As drugs certainly kill, the Bill, which appears to have unanimous support, should be allowed to progress and we should move on to something else that kills and let people have proper cold weather payments.
  Mr. Flynn: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Is it a new point of order?
  Mr. Flynn: Yes. There will be opposition to the Bill as I have criticised it, but let me make it clear that I have no intention of opposing the Bill and nor has any other hon. Member.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: It is not for the hon. Gentleman to judge what any other hon. Member will do.
  Mr. Sackville: Various points of order have further delayed the debate, but I shall proceed towards my conclusion.
  The Bill provides for confiscation and changes the burden of proof. A Bill is currently before the House to increase sentences for large-scale drug traffickers. In addition, the Police Bill contains proposals to give the police more flexible powers to gather evidence against major organised criminals and drug traffickers. I very much hope that that Bill, which also addresses the issue of bringing large-scale drug traffickers to book, will not be impeded by Parliament. The problem is now so serious that we need new measures to deal with it directly.
  Mr. George Howarth: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. The Minister is well aware that our approach to the Police Bill, which has no bearing on today's debate, was covered in an earlier speech to which I responded. The Minister is simply repeating the same arguments.
  Mr. Sackville: The Bill is part of a series of tough measures that is required to address a problem that has become so serious that previous legislation is not sufficient to bring to book those who are putting our children in danger.
  I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West on introducing a tough measure that addresses the specific problem of drugs in licensed
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  premises. It will have a great effect and is probably the single measure that will attack drug dealers most directly. It will symbolise the tough attitude that we need to address the problem of drugs. Once again, I congratulate my hon. Friend and I hope that his measure will become law.
  Mrs. Margaret Ewing rose in her place and claimed to move, That the Question be now put, but MR. DEPUTY SPEAKER withheld his assent, and declined then to put that Question.
  12.54 pm
  Mr. Peter Viggers: It is reassuring that the Minister who replied to the debate—
  Mrs. Ewing: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. The Bill has been debated for almost three and a half hours. It has been made clear that there is no opposition to it and we are waiting to debate other private Members' Bills. Surely this is an abuse of the rights of Back Benchers.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: The hon. Lady is entitled to her view, but I have made the Chair's view clear. All Bills are important.
  Sir Andrew Bowden: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. The House would very much like to discuss the next Bill. When will you feel able to accept a closure motion?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: I do not pre-empt judgments. I listen attentively and take the feeling of the House.
  Mr. Viggers: I am reassured about the Minister who replied to the debate because he was secretary of the group that he formed with my hon. Friend the Member for Lewes (Mr. Rathbone) to deal with drug abuse on an all-party basis. It is reassuring that the issue which many of us as parents feel powerless to deal with was responded to by a Minister who has taken such a long-term interest in it.
  Those of us who approach the issue of drugs need to learn a new vocabulary and adopt a new attitude to life. We need to read, talk and listen and we must try not to preach. We should try to do all that while still maintaining our standards and trying to guide the young. There are no 20-year-old hon. Members, but if there had been, I suspect that we should have heard some very different contributions to the debate. Statistically, about 21 per cent. of the 20 to 24 age group have tried LSD; 28 per cent. have tried speed; 45 per cent. have tried cannabis; 12 per cent. have tried Ecstasy; and some 15 per cent. have tried magic mushrooms.
  Those people do not see themselves as junkies on a slow decline to the gutter. They see themselves as discerning consumers who will decide for themselves what to take and when. If Brian Harvey of the pop group East 17 has made a contribution of any kind this week, it was to tell the world that occasionally he has taken 10 or 12 Ecstasy tablets a day. Perhaps that will persuade those who take an occasional Ecstasy tablet and who think that they can use it as a recreational drug that will not be habit forming to realise that that will lead to an increase in use.

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  After a while, one tablet is not enough and two, three, five or 10 or, in the case of Mr. Harvey, 10 or 12 will be needed. Mr. Harvey has recanted and I hope that people who think that they will not become addicted to Ecstasy or other drugs will learn from that.
  I am told that the characteristic of the 20 to 24-year-old age group is to enjoy staying up all night. Those people listen to loud repetitive music and many of them enjoy the novelty of taking drugs. All that wanes with age. Some 55 per cent. of people in the 25 to 34-year-old bracket drink regularly; only 1 per cent. take LSD and 2 per cent. have taken Ecstasy. Some people in the 45 to 54-year-old bracket will have tried drugs in the 1960s and kept away since. The statistics show that some 13 per cent. of that group have tried cannabis in the past; 2 per cent. have tried LSD; and 1 per cent. have tried magic mushrooms. I am told that, statistically, 0 per cent. have tried Ecstasy and 0 per cent. have tried cocaine. For people in that age group, Ecstasy was not available when they were young and cocaine does not impinge on the statistics.
  People in that group were part of the hippy culture. It was all right to take drugs such as cannabis and LSD that were thought to expand consciousness, but stimulants such as cocaine were thought to be anti-social. Now, a rave culture has eradicated those rules; nothing is regarded as out of bounds or unhip. Thirty years ago, all drugs were regarded as powerful substances that controlled the taker and dominated his or her life style; now, the opposite seems true to the young. Older teachers or social workers lecturing to the young on drugs find that those in the audience know more about the subject than the lecturer—or at least they think that they do. In the even younger age group, 3 per cent. of 12 to 13-year-olds, and 14 per cent. of 14 to 15-year-olds, say that they have taken drugs at some time.
  Drugs are a massive problem. In any one year, 6 per cent. of the population, some 3 million people, take an illegal drug, and 1 million Ecstasy tablets a week are consumed, almost all in the dancing and entertainment context. Many people think that little harm is involved, but there is a major medical problem. There have been about 50 known deaths from Ecstasy in five years and 1,400 deaths from heroin. The Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology has concluded that drug taking has become a teenage rite of passage.
  Dr. John Henry, a psychiatrist at Guy's hospital and a drugs specialist, made comments that were echoed by my hon. Friends the Members for Lewes and for Colchester, North (Mr. Jenkin) when he said:
  "There are enough biochemical reasons to make us concerned about Ecstasy. I believe we have a natural experiment which is rolling and we will only know the outcome of it in 20 years or more."
  That is daunting.
  David Bryce, who runs drug rehabilitation courses in Glasgow, said:
  "An ecstasy user will look at a junkie and sneeringly tell you that will never be him. But the junkie will laugh and tell him: See you next year."
  I visited a drug rehabilitation unit in my part of Hampshire: it was unnerving. I was told that some of the young people there would come off their habit—I am talking about serious habits, mainly heroin—but that statistically, some of them would go back to their habit. I was told that the latter group would almost certainly be dead in 18 months.
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  There is a massive criminal problem associated with drug distribution and taking. My hon. Friend the Minister mentioned the criminals involved in the distribution of drugs, which is one of the biggest businesses in the world. There is also the problem of the addict who steals and takes to crime in other ways to pay for his habit. It is estimated that a heroin habit costs about £10,000 a year. Few addicts can earn such money; they need to steal.
  A third criminal problem relates to motoring, an issue that has concerned me and on which I have done some research. In the United States, one in three young people—
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Is motoring covered by the Bill?
  Mr. Viggers: Indeed not, but I am putting my remarks in the context of the fact that most hon. Members are middle-aged, or even older. We find it difficult to understand the young rave culture that takes people to the clubs that are so much involved in drug taking. I will not make a significant point about this, but—
  Ms Liz Lynne: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. Is it in order for hon. Members to filibuster to prevent another Bill from being debated?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. The hon. Lady should know that if I sensed a filibuster, I would stop it immediately. A few seconds ago, she will have heard me asking the hon. Member for Gosport (Mr. Viggers) whether his remarks were relevant.
  Mr. Ted Rowlands: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Is it a new point of order?
  Mr. Rowlands: Yes. A few minutes ago, you said that you would take the feeling of the House. May I register the feeling of thousands of old-age pensioners in my constituency who want the next Bill to be discussed?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: That seems like a point of argument to me, not a point of order. Of course, I was referring to the whole House.
  Mr. Viggers: I have spoken for eight minutes and I put my name in to speak some time ago. I have discussed drugs and clubs with my local police force and magistrates. I find it monstrous that I have been interrupted several times by hon. Members accusing me of filibustering. I resent that. It is simply not true.
  To conclude the point on motoring offences, which involves young people, Mr. Deputy Speaker, I welcome the three-year research programme by the Department of Transport, the Home Office, the Coroners Society and the Association of Chief Police Officers, to establish the incidence of drug use among fatal road casualties.
  The fourth problem relating to drugs and criminality is that of drugs in gaols. It is a significant problem. I am told that some people who have been found guilty of possessing or dealing in cannabis may be sent to prison, where they have to give blood samples to be screened for drugs. Cannabis stays in the bloodstream for three weeks,

  571
  whereas heroin stays for two days. So some people who seek to avoid being caught out by blood tests switch from cannabis to heroin.
  I submit, following the points made by the two Labour Members who have been present for the whole debate—the hon. Members for Knowsley, North (Mr. Howarth) and for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn)—that it would be wrong to consider decriminalisation of drugs. I quote John Lawn, a former director of the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, who told a Senate committee investigating legalisation:
  "Drugs are not bad because they are illegal, they are illegal because they are bad."
  So how should we face up to all those problems? First, we need as wide as possible a dialogue between parents and children, old and young, police and those who might take drugs. I pay tribute to the police force in Hampshire, with which I have had some discussions. I am greatly impressed by the maturity of its approach and of its judgment, and by its determined attempts to do all that it can to reduce and eliminate drugs in Hampshire.
  Secondly, we need to take some practical steps to ensure safety in clubs. Some of my honourable colleagues have more experience of that than me. I listened with interest to the points made by my hon. Friend the Member for Lewes, who talked about the promotion of safety measures in clubs in London. That is an important issue, to be expanded and developed further.
  I have already mentioned the possibility of the acceptance of soft drugs, but the reverse is the answer. We should adopt an attitude of minimum tolerance. I am sure that expectation is the most important thing in education of the young and that if we expect a lot of them, we shall get a lot. If we expect little of them, we shall get little. Therefore, minimum tolerance is the better line.
  There has also been some mention of cautions for first offences, particularly that given to Liam Gallagher. When I spoke to my local police force some time ago, I was surprised to find out that there was no standard procedure for giving cautions to those guilty of a first offence involving drugs. I was told by a policeman whose task it was to administer cautions that he had been given no guidance or training on how he should administer such cautions. It would be appropriate to set some general guidelines on exactly what constituted a caution.
  I welcome the Bill. In my researches, I learnt a great deal about the ownership of the clubs that the Bill will control. I discovered to my surprise that there were seven major operators, but that between them they accounted for only 16.5 per cent. of admissions to clubs and 13 per cent. of revenues. That proves that most clubs are independently owned. We can control not only the major companies, which are often subsidiaries of listed companies, but the individual operators and proprietors. I believe that they will be amenable to the pressure that will be available to the police under the Bill.
  The Bill will undoubtedly strengthen the hand of the police in dealing with clubs. That I welcome. It is an excellent Bill. The hon. Member for Knowsley, North and my hon. Friend the Member for Welwyn Hatfield (Mr. Evans) referred to another aspect of club control—the control of doorkeepers. I am concerned about that, and it should be the subject of further legislation.
  572
  The hon. Member for Knowsley, North has already referred to the 1994–95 report of the Home Affairs Select Committee into the private security industry. It revealed that of the 476 door supervisors questioned in Merseyside, 279 had criminal records, of whom 28 had criminal records for drug offences. It strikes me as extraordinary that someone who is responsible for policing the door of a club to ensure that access is given only to the appropriate people and who controls conduct within that club should, in some cases, have a criminal record for drug offences. We must deal with that problem.
  Before the publication of Home Affairs Select Committee report, a report along the same lines was produced by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. It revealed that 60 per cent. of police forces encountered difficulties in obtaining full co-operation from doorkeepers at clubs. It was thought that 20 per cent. of them were involved in dealing.
  I welcome the Bill, as well as the many other measures that have been taken to inform young people at schools and colleges about the damage caused by drugs. I am sure that the Bill will achieve its purpose and that it will have a successful passage through the House. I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) on introducing it.
  Mrs. Wise rose in her place and claimed to move, That the Question be now put, but MR. DEPUTY SPEAKER withheld his assent, and declined then to put that Question.
  1.11 pm
  Mr. Nick Hawkins: I should like to join in congratulating my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) on his success in the ballot and on choosing the subject of his Bill.
  Despite the mutterings and fulmination from the Opposition, it is absolutely right that the hon. Member who is lucky enough to come second in the ballot should have his Bill thoroughly considered before we proceed to discuss Bills, however worthy, introduced by hon. Members who were not so lucky in that ballot. I have not yet been lucky enough to secure any of the high places in it, but those who are lucky and who introduce such worthwhile measures should have their Bills thoroughly considered by the House.
  My hon. Friend will recall that when the result of the ballot was announced, I was one of the first hon. Members to tell him that I wanted to support the Bill. It is important that we should deal with it in depth. I put my name down in advance to speak in the debate and I have been in the Chamber throughout.
  Mr. George Howarth: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. We have now spent in excess of three hours and 40 minutes discussing a Bill on which there is no opposition from any corner of the House. If there was any room for doubt, my hon. Friend the Member for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn) made it absolutely clear that he would not oppose it. I do not wish in any way to challenge the judgments made by the occupants of the Chair, but statistics and arguments are now being repeated ad nauseam about a Bill on which there is no disagreement. I cannot for the life of me see why we should continue to debate the Bill.

  573
  A clear pattern of filibustering is beginning to emerge among those on the Conservative Benches. It has the clear intention of thwarting the passage of the Bill introduced by my hon. Friend the Member for Preston (Mrs. Wise). Frankly, those outside the House will be dismayed and upset by the behaviour of Conservative Members who are trying to thwart my hon. Friend's Bill.
  Mr. Iain Duncan Smith: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Is it a new point of order?
  Mr. Duncan Smith: Yes. We have just heard a claim about filibustering, but the Opposition spokesman, the hon. Member for Knowsley, North (Mr. Howarth), spoke for nearly 25 minutes, which is far longer than most of the speeches made by Conservative Back Benchers. [Interruption.]
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: I can sense that the House is getting a little distressed about this morning's proceedings. [HoN. MEMBERS: "Yes."] I sense that just a couple more hon. Members want to make a contribution to the debate, as is their right. It is right that those hon. Members, who each represent a significant electorate, should have the opportunity, if they so choose, to make their speech. Let us progress and see how we get on.
  Mr. Howarth rose
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: I hope that it is a new point of order.
  Mr. Howarth: Further to the previous point of order, and for the correction of the record, I spoke for 22 minutes and kept my remarks strictly to the Bill. The Minister spoke for 44 minutes and before he did so he said to me, "I intend to wander far and wide in my speech." He did just that.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: I call Mr. Hawkins.
  Mr. Hawkins: I can promise the hon. Member for Knowsley, North (Mr. Howarth)—
  Mrs. Ewing: On a different point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. May I ask through you whether the Clerk can furnish us with details of the last time a non-controversial Bill introduced by a private Member had to be debated for three hours and 40 minutes, as it seems to be unprecedented? I appreciate that there are sometimes controversial Bills, but the Bill that we discussing is not controversial and is being used to hold up legislation proposed by other hon. Members.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: The hon. Lady entered the House with me, and if she were to spend a little time in the excellent Library of the House, she would find all sorts of useful information on that subject. I call Mr. Hawkins to proceed on the Bill.
  Mr. Hawkins: So far, the annunciator screen has recorded my contribution as lasting for five minutes, but I have spoken for less than one minute. All the time is
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  being used up by fatuous and bogus points of order from Opposition Members. I can promise the hon. Member for Knowsley, North that I shall speak more briefly than he did and make entirely fresh points.
  I have received three detailed submissions from important organisations with serious concerns about the Bill that they want raised. Given the number of clubs in my constituency, it is important that BEDA, the Business in Sport and Leisure organisation and First Leisure Corporation should have their concerns about the Bill—which I have copied to my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West—fully considered by the House.
  Business in Sport and Leisure has told me that there are tremendous variations in the procedural requirements and consistency of approach of local authority licensing committees towards their jurisdiction over public entertainments licences. Business in Sport and Leisure's submission to the Home Office in the review of public entertainments licences at the beginning of 1996 contained headings that largely related to local authorities controlled by the Labour or Liberal Democrat parties. Those headings included: "The frustrations of working with Local Authority Licensing Committees"; "Councillors abdicate responsibility"; "Evening Hearings Unfair"; "No legally Qualified Person Present"; "Bored with a case"; and "Concede or be delayed". Such headings about the inconsistency of Labour, Liberal Democrat and Opposition coalition-controlled local authorities tell their own story.
  Since 1993, Business in Sport and Leisure has been asking my hon. Friend the Under-Secretary and his colleagues at the Home Office to issue guidance to local authority licensing committees to ensure some consistency, and I was delighted to welcome my hon. Friend's remarks this morning. Business in Sport and Leisure continues to believe that it is necessary to have clear guidelines. I have no doubt that what may emerge in Committee will help.
  Business in Sport and Leisure understands that the intention of my hon. Friend's Bill is that any new powers given to local authorities will not contain any legal safeguards to ensure that owners and operators are given adequate protection. The organisation's concern is that if the powers to shut nightclubs were wrongly used in a draconian way, they would drive the misuse of drugs in clubs underground and on to the black market. I know that that is not what my hon. Friend intends or what the House would want.
  There is a concern that it is the Bill's intention to deal with drugs only in premises with a public entertainments licence, not in other premises such as pubs, which have only liquor licences. I am sure that in Committee my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West and my hon. Friend the Minister will wish to address that problem. There is a danger that, without the right protection, there will be large numbers of cases in the High Court involving the right of club owners to natural justice.
  Business in Sport and Leisure has made it clear to me that it supports the considerable amount of work carried out by BEDA—the trade association of the nightclub industry—with Home Office officials, to consider how to combat drugs in nightclubs. BEDA has been, and still is, undertaking a public information campaign on the dangers

  575
  of drugs—which I strongly support—making information available through its 700 members. BEDA has campaigned for several years for the introduction of the national licensed door supervisor scheme and has prepared detailed information about my hon. Friend's Bill.
  BEDA has proposed a system that I hope my hon. Friend will he prepared to consider when the Bill goes to Committee. It provides for written warnings to be given to clubs before local authorities shut down the premises and for speedy hearings in relation to such decisions. That is in line with the enforcement practice of section 5 of the Deregulation and Contracting Out Act 1994, which makes it clear that written warnings are required on the basis of "minded to prosecute". Those warnings were introduced to ensure natural justice. BEDA has also requested that, if a club is shut, that club should have the right to an expedited hearing to appeal against the closure.
  An alternative proposal by Business in Sport and Leisure is that the current procedures for the revocation of liquor licences might be used to provide powers for the revocation of a public entertainments licence. Although local authorities do not currently have the power to revoke a public entertainments licence, magistrates have the power to revoke a liquor licence at any time. That reinforces the argument that BISL is not, in any way, trying to undermine the spirit of my hon. Friend's proposals—indeed, it strongly supports the spirit behind the Bill. All the reputable trade organisations are determined to make it clear that they are as keen to crack down on drugs as my hon. Friend and me.
  Under the system for the revocation of liquor licences, the premises with the liquor licence continue to trade, but the case is normally heard within three or four weeks. I am sure that my hon. Friend will agree that it is speed of decision making that is vital in this respect. The existing legislation could be amended and used as a framework for introducing similar powers for local authority licensing committees.
  A further concern felt by BISL is that the club could be closed if it was found that drugs had been abused
  "at or near the premises".
  I ask my hon. Friend to clarify the definition of "near", which is clearly an important point—we do not want cases brought under the Bill to fall because of uncertainty about that. BISL believes that there is a real danger of the Bill not working as my hon. Friend and I intend it to work, unless some amendments giving guidance as to the Bill's application are made in Committee. There is plenty of evidence that we need to lay down precisely what is intended, so as to avoid inconsistent interpretation, which would undermine my hon. Friend's aims. It will not have escaped hon. Members' notice that, over the new year period, as well-known a name as the David Lloyd health and tennis club at Heston suffered a well-publicised drugs incident. We fear that there will be continuing problems if there is any lack of clarity about whether, for example, a car park attached to a premises is covered by the Bill.
  BEDA suggests that there should be a written caution that would recite the police's concerns and request that the licensee and/or the owner propose ways of dealing with the problem. The licensee and/or the owner could be given a specified, very short, period in which to issue written suggestions on how to deal with the problem to
  576
  the police, who would then monitor the situation. That would act as an additional safeguard for the benefit of the public. The local authority could then consider the conduct of the licensee and/or the owner during the period of the caution, to ascertain whether it was then necessary to close the premises.
  I have worked closely with Superintendent Dick Taylor of Blackpool police in connection with Blackpool's difficulties with its large number of clubs. He and his predecessor, Chief Superintendent Ken McKay, have managed to maintain a balance between cracking down hard on drugs and allowing tourist resorts such as Blackpool to benefit from having thriving clubs. It is clear that the reputable section of the trade—companies such as the First Leisure Corporation and the Rank Organisation—is just as keen as my hon. Friend is to ensure that a tough stance is taken against drugs.
  The chief executive of the First Leisure Corporation, Mr. John Conlan, has written to me to say:
  "Drug misuse is unfortunately a widespread problem in the society today".
  However, he is concerned that there should not be any concentration on the discotheque and nightclub industry to the exclusion of pubs, bars and other public places. It may be that my hon. Friend the Minister will wish to pursue the question of further legislation that extends wider than my hon. Friend's Bill.
  Mr. Conlan writes to emphasise:
  "A number of major UK public companies are involved in the ownership and operation of discotheques. They passionately care about the eradication of drugs misuse and will fully support any Bill that seeks to do so",
  but they wish to ensure that
  "it treats all licensed premises in an even handed fashion".
  I know that my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West will wish the Bill to do so, and I congratulate him again on introducing this much needed piece of legislation.
  1.24 pm
  Mr. Andrew Hunter: Perhaps because I have waited nearly four hours for the privilege of catching your eye, Mr. Deputy Speaker, I can be brief because the debate has covered almost all the important points that should have been made. I shall, however, make one or two observations that have not been emphasised.
  Before I do so, Mr. Deputy Speaker, first and foremost I join my hon. Friends who have caught your eye and the hon. Member for Knowsley, North (Mr. Howarth) in congratulating my hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West (Mr. Legg) on his good fortune in being drawn so highly in the ballot and on his choice of subject.
  Opposition Members have said from a sedentary position that the Bill has no opposition in the House. That is the case, but outside the House there is a principled concern about one or two points and it is unfortunate that such concern has not been expressed greatly in the debate.
  I wish to draw attention to the point made by the hon. Member for Knowsley, North. I too have received communication from the Association of Metropolitan Authorities. It makes a valid point about the need to

  577
  clarify the concept of a "serious problem". We should debate that matter, and I hope that it may be debated in Committee.
  Mr. George Howarth: I asked the Minister to clarify that concept, and he said that the Home Office would issue guidance that would resolve that problem.
  Mr. Hunter: I welcome that.
  My two final observations follow from the comments of my hon. Friend the Member for Blackpool, South (Mr. Hawkins). I too received the briefing notes or commentaries on the Bill from the British Entertainments and Discotheque Association and Business in Sport and Leisure, and it is important that, in this Second Reading debate, we place on record more of the anxieties that they feel about aspects of the Bill. I must emphasise, as they do, that they support the Bill's overall objectives, but they believe that some aspects should be fully debated, and I hope that they can be in Committee.
  One of those aspects is the caution. My hon. Friend the Member for Milton Keynes, South-West acknowledged in his opening speech that the Bill is a tough measure. I have no objection to tough measures, but I want to ensure that, in the process of being tough, we do not undermine or devalue natural justice. We must ask ourselves whether, as suggested by those organisations, an amendment should be made to the Bill to the effect that club owners or operators should be cautioned before the revocation process is put in train. That is a valid question which should be discussed in Committee.
  My hon. Friend the Member for Blackpool, South underestimated the strength of the case that the expression
  "at or near the premises"
  detracts from the Bill. The argument goes that it is entirely wrong to hold the owner or operator of a club responsible for activities conducted on premises or in locations for which he is not responsible.
  I know of a parallel in my constituency: excessive noise made by people leaving clubs late at night or in the early hours. The club owners do all that they can responsibly to encourage orderly departure from their premises, but ultimately they cannot be held responsible for what people do in locations for which they are not responsible. I believe that the expression "at or near" must be considered carefully in Committee.
  Mr. Viggers: If a club were being used as the place where contact was made, and the drugs and the money to pay for them changed hands outside the club; if it could be demonstrated that the club was the place where the deal was done, that surely would suffice and enable the proximity to be relevant.
  Mr. Hunter: Yes, I would accept that. Perhaps something to that effect could be included in the Bill in Committee.
  I believe that there is more to be said, but I know that the House is anxious to accelerate the debate. I therefore close by stressing my support for the Bill in general, and likewise my belief that some of its aspects have been insufficiently considered today and need further discussion in Committee.
  1.29 pm
  Mr. Legg: We have had an interesting debate this morning and I am grateful for the many useful contributions to it. We began with my hon. Friend the Member for Romford (Sir M. Neubert)—who is no longer here—outlining the drug problem in his constituency. The Bill will certainly help to combat that problem; I know only too well of the serious criminal elements that can sometimes be involved.
  Definitions in the Bill have turned out to be among the key issues. The Minister responded to the Opposition spokesman by saying that guidance will be issued once he has held full consultations with the local authorities.
  My hon. Friend the Member for Basingstoke (Mr. Hunter) discussed the phrase "near the premises". I am not sure whether he was here for my opening speech this morning, when I made the point that any local authority, before revoking a licence, must be satisfied that such revocation will help to deal with the problem. It cannot simply close down a club for the hell of it or because of drug activity nearby. There must be a reason for closure that will help to solve the problem, so if the problem takes place beyond the confines of the club in premises nearby, the authority will not be able to close it down.
  I wish the Minister well when drawing up the guidelines. "Near the premises" is certainly a difficult issue. We cannot define it too narrowly, because we might end up saying that drug dealing 10 yd from a club was covered by the Act but dealing 11 yd away was not. The Minister faces quite a challenge.
  There was also some discussion of what constitutes a serious drug problem. Here we must rely heavily on the police exercising their discretion. We heard an excellent speech by my hon. Friend the Member for Gosport (Mr. Viggers) in this connection. He offered examples of how closely clubs are working with the police to ensure that their premises are properly run. The Bill will enhance such co-operation.
  Perhaps the Minister will bear in mind some words of the fourth American President, James Madison, when he comes to look at the guidance. Madison said:
  "The rules of legal interpretation are the rules of common sense."
  I am sure that my hon. Friend will try to be as precise as possible when issuing guidance; I am equally sure that my Bill will bring about a real improvement in the drugs scene. I reject the comments of the hon. Member for Newport, West (Mr. Flynn), who suggested that the Bill would make matters worse. I have every confidence that it will make them better, that it will better protect young people, and that Members of Parliament who support it are supporting legislation that will be both workable and successful.
  Question put and agreed to.
  Bill accordingly read a Second time.
  Motion made, and Question put forthwith, pursuant to Standing Order No. 61 (Committal of Bills),
  That the Bill be committed to a Committee of the whole House.—[Mr. Legg.]
  Question agreed to.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. I remind the House, as I did on a previous occasion this Session, that the Chair has regularly deprecated proceeding at once from Second Reading to Committee. It means that hon. Members who may have wished to table amendments have no real opportunity to do so.
  Bill immediately considered in Committee; reported, without amendment; read the Third time, and passed.

  Cold Weather Payments (Wind Chill Factor) Bill
  Order for Second Reading read.
  1.36 pm
  Mrs. Audrey Wise (Preston): I beg to move, That the Bill be now read a Second time.
  This Bill has caught the public imagination and huge numbers of our constituents have been waiting for us to make some progress on it. It is just unfortunate that that message has not reached many Conservative Members.
  Ministers have clearly told me that Second Reading will not be approved. We find ourselves without adequate time to debate the Second Reading because a Bill on which there has been, if anything, excessive co-operation from the Opposition Benches has been allowed to go through all its stages. There was no opposition to that Bill, yet it is now 1.37 pm and I have only just risen to introduce a Bill that affects millions of pensioners. Not only are we denied the opportunity of a proper Second Reading debate but we are denied the opportunity of taking the Bill through its Committee stage. I have been clearly told that that is the position.
  The Bill is modest and brief, but I should have thought that it would represent something good coming out of this House—many people would say "for once"—if it were at least given a Second Reading and debated in Committee. That has been thwarted. You, Mr. Deputy Speaker, can see how many hon. Members are here to take part in the debate.
  Mr. Peter L. Pike: As my hon. Friend said, the Bill is modest, but the weather that we have experienced in the past few weeks, particularly the wind chill factor, which is an important part of this Bill, provides evidence of why we need the proposed change.
  Mrs. Wise: My hon. Friend is absolutely right.
  I intend to take rather more time than I had expected to take to ensure that everyone fully understands what is involved. Conservative central office and the Conservative party have been issuing misleading statements. The Government claim that my Bill is badly drafted. In that case, why not send it to Committee? That is what the Committee stage is for. The Government regularly introduce Bills whose amendments are ultimately longer than the original text—and they say that my modest, two-clause Bill is badly drafted. In letters to constituents, the Under-Secretary of State for Social Security, the hon. Member for Monmouth (Mr. Evans), has expressed sympathy with the principles of the Bill. I have seen those letters, which have percolated through voluntary organisations or reached me directly.
  Mrs. Alice Mahon: The Government's sheer hypocrisy has been exposed today. For every minute that the Minister and his hon. Friends filibustered on a Bill that was not opposed—
  Mr. Deputy Speaker (Mr. Michael Morris): Order. The hon. Lady might like to withdraw that remark.
  Mrs. Mahan: I shall after the word "filibuster". During the long, unnecessary debate on an unopposed Bill,

  581
  elderly people were being admitted to hospital with cold-related illnesses or were dying because they could not afford to pay their heating bills.
  Mrs. Wise: There is much justifiable anger and sorrow on Opposition Benches which is shared by a few—unfortunately, not enough—Conservative Members. Several Conservative Members have expressed support for the legislation, but they are not present for the debate. They are not well served by their Government.
  Mr. Jim Cunningham: Does my hon. Friend agree that what occurred this morning was utterly appalling? Equally, does she agree that many thousands of pensioners have written to Members of Parliament up and down the country expressing their desire for the Bill to proceed and be implemented?
  Mrs. Wise: My hon. Friend is absolutely right. That is why so many hon. Members have come to the House on a Friday. They have travelled from their constituencies in Scotland, Yorkshire, the north-east and other places to participate in the debate on this Bill.
  Ms Liz Lynne: Although the drugs issue is very important, does the hon. Lady agree that as 265 elderly people died of hypothermia in England and Wales in 1995, the Bill must have time to pass through all its stages? Is it not an absolute disgrace that Conservative Members debated an unopposed Bill for so long?
  Mrs. Wise: The hon. Lady is right. I wish it were not necessary for hon. Members to demonstrate their anger at what has occurred as we must discuss the substance of the Bill.
  Mr. David Winnick: Parliament rose for the Christmas recess and, despite the very cold weather, the cold weather payments were not triggered for some time. Is my hon. Friend aware that my hon. Friends and I went to Downing street to protest about that and found the hall of No. 10 very warm indeed? What a contrast with the conditions of many of our constituents—the elderly, pensioners and the poor—who cannot afford to heat their homes. I congratulate my hon. Friend on introducing the Bill.
  Mrs. Wise: My hon. Friend is quite correct. I noted that one hon. Member who spoke this morning—rather unnecessarily, in our opinion—is on record as favouring the abolition of the cold weather payments scheme altogether.
  Rev. William McCrea: Can the hon. Lady understand the frustration of elected parliamentary representatives from Northern Ireland who saw more than three hours of parliamentary time devoted to an uncontroversial Bill which enjoyed the agreement of the House and which could have passed through all its stages in 30 minutes? Yet on 7 November 1996, Ministers brought two orders before the House—one contained nine schedules and 57 pages, the other had 13 schedules and 113 pages, and the Minister received 700 responses—but the House and the elected representatives of Northern
  582
  Ireland were given just an hour and a half to debate not just one but both orders. How can three hours be justified for a non-controversial Bill?
  Mrs. Wise: The hon. Gentleman is right. It cannot be justified. There is no justification. The anger in the House is palpable. I do not remember a situation where this has been the mood. It is anger because people die as they are too cold. It is no accident that among the many bodies that expressed support for the Bill are the British Medical Association and the Royal College of Nursing. The Royal College of Nursing said that the Bill could, in fact, make savings because it would result in reduced hospitalisation.
  The BMA said that people are having to suffer dangerously low body temperatures because they cannot afford to keep warm, which leads to preventable illness and, in some cases, death. It said:
  "We strongly support Mrs. Wise's attempt to keep our coldest and poorest people in better health."
  That is why we co-operated on the Public Entertainments Licences (Drug Misuse) Bill—a Bill which we were told would save lives. My Bill is intended to save lives. Where has the co-operation been?
  Sir Andrew Bowden: As the hon. Lady knows, I am a supporter of her Bill, and I am very pleased to be so. I very much regret that it will not reach the statute book in the life of this Parliament. However, it is now the future that matters. Will she consider the possibility of co-operating with me in writing a joint letter, which we would both sign, to the Prime Minister and to the leader of Her Majesty's Opposition, to try to obtain a pledge from both of them that whichever of them becomes Prime Minister after the next general election will take steps to implement the Bill?
  Mrs. Wise: I find that idea rather attractive. It would be beneficial if the hon. Gentleman and I had words around that suggestion after the debate.
  Mr. John Gunnell: Does my hon. Friend agree that the prime culprit in the previous debate, which was extremely lengthy, was the Minister, whose response took a very long time? Does not that make it absolutely clear that it is Government policy to stop her Bill? Is not it also clear that, as well as the crisis in the health service, the winter crisis in the health service is directly affected because elderly people are suffering from the cold wind and the effect of it on their bills, which causes them not to use the heating that they have? Is not it clear that the Government have put their face against this Bill?
  Mrs. Wise: My hon. Friend is absolutely right. In fact, I was informed by a Government Whip yesterday evening that my Bill would not be given a Second Reading. I hope that because I am on my feet, and will be for rather longer than I intended because I have to give hon. Members who have come from the far corners of the country an opportunity—
  Mr. Henry McLeish: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. In view of my hon. Friend's comments about a Government Whip who approached her to tell her that the Government had made a decision on

  583
  whether there would be a Second Reading the day before a private Member's Bill is heard, does that not require a comment from you, Mr. Deputy Speaker, in relation to the abuse of the private Member's system by this outrageous Government?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: The only comment that the Chair makes is that it has absolutely no responsibility for conversations between any hon. Members.
  Mr. McLeish: On a further point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. Of course, I respect your comments, but would I be in order to suggest that if my hon. Friend the Member for Preston (Mrs. Wise) were to write to Madam Speaker outlining the details of the contribution made by the Government Whip, that might be a different matter which Madam Speaker could consider?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Any hon. Member can write to Madam Speaker at any time.
  Mrs. Wise: We all know, Mr. Deputy Speaker, that there are more ways of killing a cat than strangling it. I have no doubt that no formal Whip has been issued for Conservative Members in this instance. The intention, however, was made quite explicit to me.
  Mr. Bernard Jenkin: Will the hon. Lady give way?
  Mr. Andrew Mackinlay: The hon. Gentleman is a millionaire.
  Mrs. Ann Clwyd: Has my hon. Friend—
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. To whom is the hon. Member for Preston (Mrs. Wise) giving way?
  Mrs. Wise: To my hon. Friend the Member for Cynon Valley (Mrs. Clwyd), Mr. Deputy Speaker.
  Mrs. Clwyd rose—
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. If the hon. Member for Thurrock (Mr. Mackinlay) has nothing to contribute that is relevant to the Bill, I should be grateful if he would go elsewhere.
  Mrs. Clwyd: My hon. Friend the Member for Preston (Mrs. Wise) was talking about the activities of the Government Whip. I wonder whether she noticed his activities this morning. He was constantly weaving around the Government Back Benches, clearly encouraging some of his hon. Friends to make the same repetitive speech time after time. Has my hon. Friend noticed the strong contingent from Wales that is now present in the Chamber? Members who represent constituencies in Wales are in their places because cold weather and deaths from hypothermia bear especially on areas with high percentages of disabled people as well as elderly people. Wales has the largest stock of older houses. The Government have shown again that they are determined
  584
  to clobber the elderly. They have clobbered them with value added tax on domestic fuel and by refusing to put money into home insulation. We are now seeing just one further example of how the Government do not care a fig about the elderly in our community.
  Mrs. Wise: Once again, I agree with my hon. Friend. It is regrettable that we are having to take the Bill in this way. The Minister did me the courtesy, which I appreciate, of having a discussion with me about the Bill. I approached him, as did Age Concern, and we had a courteous meeting, for which I am grateful. In the course of that meeting I said to the Minister that I was anxious that the Bill should be a non-party matter, and I think that I have demonstrated that.
  I took steps to ensure that the sponsors were cross-party. Everyone knows that that is quite a difficult thing to do. I offended some of my hon. Friends by preferring to take Conservative Members and members of other parties. I did so because I wanted the Bill to be a cross-party matter. I told the Minister—
  Several hon. Members rose
  Mrs. Wise: I shall give way in a moment. I ask my hon. Friends to let me intervene in my own speech.
  I told the Minister that I do not need to use cold weather payments to batter the Government. I have numerous issues with which I can batter them, as has every Opposition Member. We did not need cold weather payments for that purpose.
  I have been accused by some hon. Members of electioneering. Yet Age Concern, which is a non-party organisation, offered the Bill to every Member who secured a place in the ballot, and far more Tories than Labour Members came up in it. I was the one, however, who took the Bill. If the matter becomes party political, it is through no fault of mine.
  Mr. D. N. Campbell-Savours: May I say to my hon. Friend on behalf of my colleagues in the northern region and the north of England that throughout that region, where there has been extremely bad weather this year, there are hundreds of thousands of people who are hoping that the Bill will pass through the House today? It is vital that that should happen if deaths are to be avoided during the winter months. Will my hon. Friend press the Minister to establish whether he is prepared to give the Bill Government time, even at this late stage, so as to ensure that it gets on the statute book within a matter of days, and helps people who are living in great difficulties?
  Mrs. Wise: I would like that to happen, and I have no doubt that the Minister is listening. I am anxious to make progress in explaining the merits of the Bill.
  Mr. Llew Smith rose—
  Mr. Michael Connarty rose—
  Mrs. Margaret Ewing rose—
  Mr. John Austin-Walker rose—
  Mrs. Wise: I think that my hon. Friend the Member for Blaenau Gwent (Mr. Smith) was first.
  Mr. Smith: Is my hon. Friend aware that the Minister—who is obviously determined to kill the Bill—

  585
  represents Monmouth, which contains the community of Llanelly Hill? A large proportion of that community is elderly. It is one of the poorest parts of the constituency—if not the poorest. It is certainly one of the coldest parts of Wales. Will my hon. Friend do the senior citizens in that community a service by ensuring that the conclusions of this debate are sent to the local papers in that area? That will help to ensure that the Minister, who represents a marginal constituency, will not be here in a few months' time.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. The hon. Lady said that she was going to make progress on her Bill. Perhaps now would be an appropriate time to start. [Interruption.] Order. The last intervention was particularly long, and the one before that was equally long. If interventions are made, they should be short. We have had many interventions. I assume that hon. Members have come to listen to the hon. Lady present her Bill and not to make interventions.
  Mrs. Wise: What we are seeing is the consequence of feelings and opinions being held back all morning. Hon. Members have been waiting to take part in this debate. When I tabled this modest, cross-party Bill—I shall describe its modesty and utility shortly—I hoped and expected that there would be an adequate debate. I planned to make a short speech, so I did not particularly want hon. Members to intervene. I wanted to give other hon. Members a chance to speak, but they are being deprived of that chance both on the Floor of the House and in Committee. I am conscious of the sweep of passion about this matter.
  Hon. Members may be interested to know that they should all be wary, because a week ago Age Concern had collected no fewer than 2,500 column centimetres of coverage in local newspapers. This matter has attracted a great deal of interest. Journalists have been surprisingly quick to understand the merits of the Bill.
  Mr. Connarty: My hon. Friend is making it clear why so many of our hon. Friends are present today. I travelled from Scotland after an engagement hoping to take part in a full debate and vote.
  The Minister was also the Minister who was on the Committee considering the statutory instrument on social fund cold weather payments on 18 December 1996. Opposition on that occasion was supplied by four Labour Members: my hon. Friends the Members for Glasgow, Govan (Mr. Davidson), for Ilford, South (Mr. Gapes), for Fife, Central (Mr. McLeish) and myself. My hon. Friend the Member for Fife, Central referred to what the Meteorological Office's report said about taking the wind chill factor into account. It said:
  "The Met. Office recommends that once a means of incorporating forecasting into the direct calculation system has been devised, consideration may be given to a trial being carried out."
  The Minister replied:
  "If we continue to explore the question of wind chill and, possibly, a more complex modelling"
  recommendations
  "may be put before the House next summer or autumn".—[Official Report, Sixth Standing Committee on Delegated Legislation, 18 December 1996; c. 5, 10.]
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: Order. I have already made a firm ruling from the Chair that interventions should be short. The hon. Gentleman spoke for more than a minute. That is not acceptable.
  Mrs. Wise: My hon. Friend made a valid point. If the Government are so keen on a review, why have they not already instigated one? The Minister made a similar point when he said that the Bill was unnecessary because he could amend the regulations. We know that, but he has not done so. Nor has he made any firm promises to that effect.
  Mrs. Ewing: As convenor of the all-party warm homes group, which is well represented in the House today, may I thank the hon. Lady for introducing the Bill and for the coherent and co-operative way in which she has worked to ensure that it received cross-party support? We both realise that the Bill will not solve all the problems faced by people who suffer fuel poverty, but it is particularly urgent given the Government's cut in the home energy efficiency scheme and the fact that Britain suffers excess winter deaths. In Finland, excess winter deaths are only 9 per cent. on average while in Scotland they are 16 per cent. That demonstrates the urgency of addressing the matter and the Bill certainly represents a major step forward.
  Mrs. Wise: The hon. Lady is right and I shall expand on some of the points that she raised. I am grateful to the all-party warm homes group, the all-party group on pensioners and the all-party group on disability for their support. If there is a party row about the Bill, it is certainly not my fault nor that of other hon. Members who are concerned about social issues.
  Dr. Joe Hendron: On behalf of all the elderly people in Northern Ireland, I thank the hon. Lady for introducing the Bill. I should like to raise one central point. She referred to hypothermia. Wearing my medical hat, let me say that hypothermia sometimes appears on death certificates, but it also affects many people who die of chronic heart failure or chronic obstructive airways disease. I have no doubt that for thousands of people death is hastened by hypothermia even though it does not appear on their death certificates.
  Mrs. Wise: I am well aware of that. It is a medical fact that cold weather thickens the blood. That is why it is beneficial for elderly people who can afford to do so to spend the winter in the Algarve because the warm weather prolongs their lives. That is not within the reach of most people, but we should do everything we can to help elderly people heat their homes so that their blood does not congeal.
  The same applies to people with disabilities. New babies also have very unstable thermostats. The Royal College of Nursing pointed out that disabled children are particularly vulnerable because of their lack of mobility. It is all very well for us. Not only are we in warm buildings, but we can move about, exercise and keep warm.
  Mr. Nigel Evans: Will the hon. Lady give way?
  Mrs. Wise: I shall give way in a moment, but I have given way many times and I should like to make some progress. I doubt whether the hon. Gentleman is here to support the Bill.

  587
  Many elderly people who cannot afford proper heating dread cold weather. The Bill has received support not only from elderly people but from people who are not pensioners, do not qualify for cold weather payments and are not on low incomes. During the cold weather there was a wave of sympathy and empathy for elderly people who were sitting at one-bar fires or turning off the heating. Most of them do not have central heating, so it is a matter not of turning down the thermostat but of turning the heating off. There was a wave of feeling on the part of those who are able to keep warm for those who are not—an interesting social phenomenon that is not often found on benefits issues.
  Mr. Mike Gapes: I congratulate my hon. Friend on presenting her Bill. Like my hon. Friend the Member for Falkirk, East (Mr. Connarty), I was a member of the Committee that discussed the changes to the stations that are used to measure cold weather. That led to some improvements. Does my hon. Friend agree that there is no point in tinkering at the margins, but that we should deal with the fundamental problems of cold weather payments? Few people get them and the way in which they get them leaves a great deal to be desired. I and many other hon. Members have had many letters from constituents who are unhappy about the current situation. This is the opportunity to put matters right.
  Mrs. Wise: My hon. Friend is right. The cold weather payments scheme is better than nothing, but it is deficient in many ways. Eligibility is limited to those on income support and that leaves out of account people who are just above that level but who find it equally difficult to heat their homes. Hon. Members and Age Concern have had much correspondence from people in that position. Hon. Members will know, but other people may not, that it is not possible to solve that problem by way of a private Member's Bill, nor is it possible to reduce the number of days from seven to a more reasonable figure. The Bill is modest, partly because I have no alternative and partly because its very modesty gives it some extra power.
  Mr. Austin-Walker: The Bill goes as far as my hon. Friend is able to take it. I welcome the way in which she has tried to get all-party consensus on the issue and the offer by the hon. Member for Brighton, Kemptown (Sir A. Bowden) and her acceptance of it. In view of his comments about the home energy efficiency scheme, will my hon. Friend ask the hon. Member for Kemptown and other Conservative Members whether in their letter to the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, they will request a commitment to reinstate the cuts in the home energy efficiency scheme and institute a cut in VAT on fuel? That would go a long way towards reducing hypothermia, especially among the people my hon. Friend has mentioned, who are just above the limit for eligibility for cold weather payments.
  Mrs. Wise: I agree with my hon. Friend. I am whole-heartedly in favour of insulation. The cold weather payments scheme is an emergency one.
  Mrs. Diana Maddock: Will the hon. Lady give way?
  Mrs. Wise: I should like to make a little more progress.
  588
  As I have said, the cold weather payments scheme is an emergency one and not the whole solution. The Government say that the solution is insulation and have issued statements to that effect, but they have cut the insulation scheme by £30 million and that shows that they have a brass neck. There were strong protests and the Government were told not to cut the HEES, but they did. It is not the responsibility of the Minister who will reply to the debate but that of a different Department and they should talk to each other.
  Mr. Nigel Evans: Will the hon. Lady give way?
  Mrs. Wise: The hon. Gentleman should have told his hon. Friends to allow a debate on this matter.
  Mr. Evans: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. How can my hon. Friends, who sympathise with the thrust of the Bill, make our point if we are not allowed to make a normal intervention?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: That is not a matter for the Chair.
  Mrs. Wise: Some 158 hon. Members signed the early-day motion supporting the Bill. I do not think that the hon. Member for Ribble Valley (Mr. Evans) did. He had the opportunity and I feel more responsibility to those 158 Members than to him.
  Insulation is important and the Government should not have cut their scheme. They have forced a waiting list for it, and many people will die before their turn comes. It will be many years before insulation grants can make much progress in solving the problem. We will co-operate with and support moves for insulation grant systems but they should not be used to beat this Bill, which deals with emergency payments.
  Dr. Norman A. Godman: Does my hon. Friend agree that one of the most serious problems with the current system is the inappropriate siting of weather stations? The weather station at Glasgow airport, which is responsible for my constituency, is at sea level while many of my elderly constituents live several hundred feet above sea level.
  Mrs. Wise: My hon. Friend is right. To be fair to the Government—I do not know why I should, but I will—they have helped by increasing the number of weather stations from 55 to 70. I am sure all Opposition Members welcome that. Nevertheless, so long as only the air temperature is considered, and not the wind chill factor, some places will find that the coldness that they experience is underestimated. That especially affects coastal and upland areas.
  Mr. Bill Michie: To continue that theme, thousands of pensioners in Sheffield do not get the cold weather payment because the monitoring stations are well outside the city. Sheffield is built on five hills and it is like a wind tunnel. I welcome the Bill, which would help thousands of our pensioners who live on the tops of hills.
  Mrs. Wise: My hon. Friend is right.

  589
  The measurement of air temperature gives a rough and ready approximation of the problems of pensioners and other poor people who live, as most of them do, in badly insulated houses. We could not get a precise measure unless we stuck a thermometer in every person's home, but no one is suggesting that; we believe that instead of one measure, there should be two.
  It is interesting that of the 15 weather stations where payments have not yet been triggered, 14 are in coastal areas. On Wednesday, one Minister seemed to think that that was an argument for the Government. I think that it is an argument for us. I am a Geordie and I remember vividly from my childhood the bitterly cold east winds in Newcastle, which is one of the places where a payment has not been triggered. Where is the sense in that? That fact alone condemns the present measurement.
  Preston is rather warmer than the east coast, but a payment has been triggered. Two would have been triggered if wind chill had been taken into account, because one would have been triggered over the Christmas week.
  Most interesting of all is the fact that the first payment to be triggered in England was at Liscombe in Somerset. That is fine, but Yeovilton weather station—which is right next to Liscombe—did not trigger a payment. It showed a temperature of 1.5 deg C. Taking wind chill into account at Yeovilton—in Somerset, which is not represented by Labour Members—the effective temperature was minus 6.5 deg C, which would have triggered a payment. Surely no hon. Member would say that that would have been an unnecessary payment.
  I am told that the scheme needs piloting—yet the Government managed to transform the entire health service without a single pilot scheme.
  Mr. McLeish: Does my hon. Friend accept that I share her anger about the Government conspiring to kill off the Bill and insulting 10 million people in Britain in families who have only income support to keep them warm over the winter? Does she also acknowledge that it is scandalous that in August 1996 the Meteorological Office offered the Government a trial period using six weather stations in Scotland at a cost of £600, but that to date the Government have not said whether they intend to take it up? Does my hon. Friend accept that the Government are not only trying to kill the Bill but heaping insult upon injury for every pensioner and poor family the length and breadth of Britain?
  Mrs. Wise: My hon. Friend is right. We are told that wind chill makes people colder, but that it is buildings that are affected by the cold weather payments. All surfaces, whether skin or brick, lose heat to the outside air, whether we like it or not. That is why we cover ourselves up. We lose heat through the walls of our houses. The more poorly insulated the house, the more heat is lost. Just as the wind whips the heat more quickly from one's cheeks and nose end, so it does from the outside walls of houses.
  The measurement of the wind chill factor that we recommend should be used is called the Siple-Passel measure. It was originally designed to measure the wind chill effect on inanimate objects. It is the most useful and sensible, cheapest and easiest formula to use. For goodness sake, let us do it.
  Mrs. Maddock: As one of the vice-chairmen of the all-party warm homes group, I congratulate the hon. Lady
  590
  on introducing the Bill. I hope that she agrees that one of the reasons why it is so urgent that we do something is that the Government and we as a nation have been so laggardly about properly insulating buildings. If homes were insulated, pensioners would be able to turn up the heat and their bills would not increase.
  Mrs. Wise: There is a Bill in circulation to introduce a 15-year programme of insulation. Many Members of Parliament have given their support to it, as have I, but it would cost more than my Bill. My Bill is not a costly measure. I have been asked how much it would cost. We have asked the Minister how much the present scheme will cost next year. He cannot tell us. It all depends on the weather. That is the point of it.
  Last winter, the cold weather payments system cost £62 million. The winter before that, it cost £77,000. So the Government cannot forecast the cost, but of the last six winters, only one could be counted as expensive.
  Age Concern obtained some extra figures about last winter—the expensive one—from the Meteorological Office and extrapolated from them an estimate of the difference that the Bill would have made if it had been in operation last winter. The extra cost would have been £20 million. I think that that would have been money well spent, but next winter might be mild. We are not asking for a fortune from the Treasury. There could not be a more targeted measure. It is too targeted for my taste. I have made enormous concessions here. I believe in more universal benefits and I do not apologise for that.
  However, I am a realist and I want progress. I would rather have the whole loaf. I would rather have the whole bakery, but I will take some crumbs and say thank you. However, we are not even getting that.
  Mr. Gerald Bermingham (St. Helens, South): Has my hon. Friend calculated how much spending that £20 million would save the national health service on beds and medical payments and how much would be saved on costs such as funeral services and everything else?
  Mrs. Wise: Yes. That is exactly the point made by the Royal College of Nursing, which I quoted earlier.
  I have to admit that there would be one extra cost. Age Concern estimates that about 50,000 more people over 60 died last winter than in the summer and that many of those deaths were preventable. The largest extra cost would be the cost of paying pensions to the people who lived longer. Do we not want to pay that? Do we not want people to live longer? They would be healthier as well.
  The Minister has complained to me that the Bill is too vague. We left it vague to give the Government scope for action. If I had said that the Siple-Passel formula should be used, the Government would have said, "Oh no, we intend to use the Steadman formula. If you had put that, we would have agreed to the Bill." We left it vague in order to leave the initiative in the hands of Ministers, but we are then criticised for doing so.
  We have been told that it would have been better to amend the cold weather payments in a different way. I went to see the Minister on Wednesday; if he had said that the Government intended to introduce their own Bill or their own regulations, I would have said okay and given way to someone else in the queue—but it was not said.

  591
  We have also been told that one fault or problem in my little Bill—I am sure that every hon. Member has a copy—arises under clause 1(2), which relates to forecasts. We agree that it is much harder to forecast the wind chill effect than it is to forecast air temperatures, but that does not matter. So what if the Met Office did not forecast such a chill, so there would be no forecast to trigger the payments? There is no reason why an actual effect, which is recorded, should not trigger such payments. The Minister seems to have a lot of quibbles about supposedly technical points.
  I was grateful for the help of Dr. Brian Giles, editor of the International Journal of Climatology, who confirmed that my layman's approach to the topic was correct. He assured me that my commonsense approach was perfectly good scientifically and that any other difficulty related to bureaucratic problems and not to scientific or climatic ones.
  I have been placed in some difficulty today. I wanted to be brief, and I know that some hon. Members are worried that I may be accused of filibustering on my own Bill. However, I have already been made well aware that my Bill will not secure a Second Reading, so it would be a bit rich for the Government to try to accuse me of talking it out. I only hope that my brief contribution being interwoven with so many interventions has not led me to omit some crucial point from the speech on which I had previously slaved and which has been torn to shreds.
  I thought that it was important to allow the mood of all of my hon. Friends on the Opposition Benches, and of a few hon. Members on the Conservative Benches, to be brought to the fore and noted. The debate is being watched by the public and judgments are being made by them not only about the Government but about the House.
  If the Bill is badly drafted, vaguely worded or whatever the Government are saying, it should go into Committee for further public examination in a democratic manner.
  I have made an unusually long contribution because I feel that I have had to substitute for the whole debate. I am very grateful to all those hon. Members who have taken part in this rather odd debate. They came prepared, and we would have had 100 Members to vote if you, Mr. Deputy Speaker, had accepted the closure motion. Those of my hon. Friends who are present are not just the London contingent, although I am grateful for their presence, but a representative gathering.
  I now await with interest what the Minister has to say. If he finds that he is a little bit short of time, we will re-issue the Conservative party statement together with our answers to it in order to help him out.
  2.23 pm
  Mr. Richard Alexander: This debate has been allocated 55 minutes, of which the hon. Member for Preston (Mrs. Wise) has spoken for 47—
  Mr. Campbell-Savours: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. Will you confirm that more speakers have spoken in the debate on my hon. Friend's Bill than on the preceding Bill, which went through the House of Commons almost on the nod? Will you also confirm that representatives of five different political
  592
  parties have stood during the debate to confirm their support for the Bill? Will you further confirm that if every hon. Member takes his or her seat now, we can have a Division and give the Bill a Second Reading or carry it through on the nod? I am asking you for confirmation of the procedural points that I have made.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: First, there were certainly more speeches in the debate on the previous Bill, which has completed all its stages. Secondly, I keep no track of the number of interventions, but I know that a number of them were excessively long. Thirdly, as for the hon. Gentleman's point about procedural matters, I shall have to wait and see how the House progresses.
  Mr. McLeish: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. I should be grateful for your comments on the fact that a large number of my hon. Friends have taken time to come to the House today, often giving up constituency matters and travelling long distances. They have sought to help my hon. Friend the Member for Preston (Mrs. Wise) by not standing to he called to speak, anticipating that the Under-Secretary of State for Social Security, the hon. Member for Monmouth (Mr. Evans), would want to address the House, to try to explain why the Government have conspired to kill the Bill and why they have dragged their feet over it, regardless of its merits. Now, insult is being heaped on injury by the hon. Member for Newark (Mr. Alexander), who is talking out the Bill when so many hon. Members want to support it and see it get on to the statute book. Will you, Mr. Deputy Speaker, make a judgment on that?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: The Chair cannot make a judgment on anything of that nature.
  Mr. Alexander rose—
  Mr. Connarty rose in his place and claimed to move, That the Question be now put, but MR. DEPUTY SPEAKER withheld his assent, and declined then to put that Question.
  Mr. Alexander: The allegation, which I totally refute—
  Mr. McLeish: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker.
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: I hope that it is a new point of order.
  Mr. McLeish: It is, Mr. Deputy Speaker. Will we receive an indication of whether the Minister is to speak?
  Mr. Deputy Speaker: I have only just called the hon. Member for Newark (Mr. Alexander) and we await his speech.
  Mr. Alexander: If the hon. Member for Fife, Central (Mr. McLeish) had waited, he would have heard that I support the Bill and have come to make a speech in support of it. If the hon. Member for Preston had not spent so much time complaining that the previous Bill had been filibustered, she would have heard speeches from many other hon. Members. I totally refute the argument that I

  593
  have come to filibuster to ensure that the Bill does not make progress, and I shall now sit down, to allow my hon. Friend the Under-Secretary to make his response.
  2.27 pm
  The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Social Security (Mr. Roger Evans): I congratulate the hon. Member for Preston (Mrs. Wise) on raising this important issue, but the Bill, as drawn up, is substantially wrong: the difficulties are technical and practical.
  I stress—as the hon. Lady fairly said—that the measure is unnecessary because we have all the statutory powers we need, under section 138 of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992, to make regulations taking into account wind chill if we are persuaded that that is practical and appropriate. The second reason why the provision is unnecessary—the hon. Member for Fife, Central (Mr. McLeish) got it completely wrong—is that this summer, when we reviewed, as we do every year, the cold weather payments system, we asked the Meteorological Office to advise us on wind chill. We placed in the Library the Meteorological Office's report, which identified the difficulties of taking it into account straight away and made recommendations for further work.
  As I explained to the Sixth Standing Committee on Delegated Legislation, we are examining in a number of ways whether it is practical and appropriate to take wind chill into account in those regulations. I stress—this is where today's debate has gone wrong—that there is no accepted practical way of doing so, given the present state of knowledge.
  Let us be quite clear: were the Bill to become law tomorrow, the only result would be chaos, because it is unworkable. It would be chaos because—as the hon. Lady properly explained—on the forecasting element, the Bill directs the adjudicating officers, who are independent, to take account of a forecast, which cannot properly be done. How that can be said—
  Mr. Winnick rose in his place and claimed to move, That the Question be now put, but MR. DEPUTY SPEAKER withheld his assent, and declined then to put that Question.
  Mr. Evans: How that can be said to be an appropriate way to legislate is beyond comprehension. The problem with the Bill is that it is both vague and impracticable.
  It being half-past Two o'clock, the debate stood adjourned.

  Remaining Private Member's Bills

    UNITED NATIONS PERONNEL BILL
    Read a Second time.
    Motion made, and Question put forthwith, pursuant to Standing Order No. 61 (Committal of Bills),
    That the Bill be committed to a Committee of the whole House.—[Mr. John Marshall.]
    Question agreed to.
    Bill immediately considered in Committee; reported, without amendment; read the Third time, and passed.
    Mr. Dennis Skinner: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. Will you confirm that in the course of today's proceedings, two Bills proposed by Tory Members of Parliament have received full co-operation from Labour Members and members of minority parties to facilitate their going through all their stages, yet on a Bill that would have assisted 10 million pensioners and put money into their pockets, the Cold Weather Payments (Wind Chill Factor) Bill, the Tories have combined in a sinister conspiracy to stop that Labour Bill getting through?
    Mr. Deputy Speaker (Mr. Michael Morris): The Chair confirms that two Bills have completed all stages this day.

    BREEDING AND SALE OF DOGS BILL
    Order for Second Reading read.
    Hon. Members: Object.
    Second Reading deferred till Friday 7 February.

    POLICE (PROPERTY) BILL
    Mr. Deputy Speaker: Not moved.

    PHARMACISTS (FITNESS TO PRACTISE) BILL
    Read a Second time.
    Motion made, and Question put forthwith, pursuant to Standing Order No. 61 (Committal of Bills),
    That the Bill be committed to a Committee of the whole House.—[Sir Michael Shersby.]
    Question agreed to.
    Bill immediately considered in Committee; reported, without amendment; read the Third time, and passed.

    REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE (AMENDMENT) BILL
    Order for Second Reading read.
    Hon. Members: Object.
    Second Reading deferred till Friday 7 February.

    LAND REGISTRATION BILL [LORDS]
    Mr. Deputy Speaker: Not moved.

    BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE
    Ordered,
    That, at the sitting on Tuesday 21st January, Standing Orders Nos. 14B (Proceedings under an Act or on European Community documents) and 15 (Delegated legislation (negative procedure)) shall not apply to the Motions in the name of Mr. Tony Blair relating to Agriculture and to Animals; the Speaker shall put the Questions necessary to dispose of both Motions not later than one and a half hours after the start of proceedings on the first of them; and those Motions may be proceeded with, though opposed, after Ten o'clock.—[Mr. Carrington].

  Criminal Justice, Salford
  Motion made, and Question proposed, That this House do now adjourn.—[Mr.Carrington.]
  2.36 pm
  Mr. Terry Lewis: I welcome the Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, the hon. Member for Bolton, West (Mr. Sackville). He has had a busy morning again.
  I wish to draw the Minister's attention to failures in the criminal justice system that have led to cases painstakingly investigated by the police and brought before the courts being frustrated by one means or another. The fact that such cases have occurred in Salford is a coincidence. I have made the title of the debate "Criminal Justice, Salford", but it is of little significance, for the failures could have happened anywhere. In fact, some of the courts involved are not in Salford; among those involved are Bolton Crown court, Manchester Crown court and Salford magistrates court. I am certain that we shall find parallel cases throughout the north-west and, indeed, throughout the country.
  The Minister represents a Bolton constituency. I live in Bolton. He must be aware, as I am, that the matters before the House apply equally to Bolton, Salford or anywhere else. I also urge the Minister to consider, when I have concluded my remarks, whether there is a need to inquire into the way in which the lawyers have conducted themselves in the three cases that I shall pray in aid for the purpose of this short debate.
  The first case that I wish to bring to the Minister's attention is one about which I have engaged in conversation with the Home Secretary and Ministers in the Department. To some extent it has been investigated, but I continue to challenge some of the conclusions that Ministers have drawn about it.
  Two masked men entered licensed premises. Ammonia was thrown in the manager's face and the manager's wife was attacked for the jewellery that she was wearing. In the fracas, the mask was displaced, revealing clearly the features, and therefore the identity, of the robber, who was well known to the police and, as they say, had form.
  The people involved were subsequently arrested. The Greater Manchester police witness protection team came into play, as did the Salford city council witness liaison officer. The witness was placed in safe housing, with the usual paraphernalia of safe keeping: a pendant alarm and other protective measures were installed.
  Before the court hearing, the victim telephoned the police to report, with some dismay, seeing the accused outside the safe premises where she was then living. The police were able to reassure her that she was mistaken, and that in fact the accused was still in custody, remanded in Strangeways prison. No significance was attached to the call by the police at the time. When the case reached court, however, defence counsel raised the question of the telephone call out of the blue, exploited it to the full and cast doubt on the victim's observation skills. The case fell.
  The Minister of State, Home Office responded to me in terms which my subsequent inquiries still challenge. I maintain that the defence lawyers posed the question to the victim; the Minister of State claimed that it was the prosecution lawyers. As I have said in correspondence,

  597
  the case has sinister overtones, suggesting a sophisticated method of intimidating witnesses. I do not retract my remark that lawyers may have been implicated in the scheme.
  The second case raises questions about the competence of the Court Service and—again—about the lawyers. To be fair to him, the Attorney-General has to some extent acknowledged that in letters to me, especially the one dated 6 August 1996. He is still consulting the leader of the northern circuit, so in this case at least I am prepared to be less critical of ministerial activity.
  The case was a catalogue of errors that would not have occurred had the trial been conducted expeditiously. Three young women, two of them my constituents, were assaulted by three youths when returning home from an evening out. Three middle-aged men went to their assistance and, in the ensuing fracas, were badly beaten up and eventually hospitalised. Some police passing the incident intervened and arrested the three youths. Subsequently, one pleaded guilty and two pleaded not guilty.
  After four Crown court adjournments, some misleading by a trial judge who was new to the case, and a catalogue of legal incompetence, the judge decided to stay the proceedings. That is wholly unsatisfactory and yet another example of the system failing the public.
  The two cases I have outlined took place in early and mid-1996. The third occurred later in the year. Here again I do not know whether to blame deficiencies and incompetence in the system or more sinister forces contriving to interfere with and undermine the criminal justice system in my area. It concerns a serious robbery. Two men responding to an advertisement in a newspaper for computer equipment entered a house in Salford, where they were threatened with a machete and disabled by ammonia, and more than £3,000 was stolen from them.
  Later, a man was arrested. He was picked out at an identification parade and committed for trial in September of last year. The day before it was due to be held, the trial was cancelled owing to a lack of court time. The witnesses were stood down, and a new date was arranged for November. When that date was reached, the witnesses again attended and were sent away with no future date given.
  A December date was arranged, and witnesses were alerted for a third time. This is where it becomes tricky. The day before the new trial date, the case was omitted from the list given to the police. On checking with the court, the police were advised of a further cancellation, again due to lack of court time. The police stood down the witnesses yet again.
  The next day—the original trial date—the Crown Prosecution Service contacted the police seeking the witnesses. It was told by the police that the case had been cancelled, but the CPS advised that it had been relisted. The excuse was that court administrators had mistakenly omitted the case in the first place. In seeking to reinstate the original date, a correction was faxed—so it is alleged—to police headquarters on the previous night when the police office was unmanned. It was too late and, despite the best efforts on the trial day, the willing witnesses could not be mustered. The incredible consequence was that the case was thrown out again due to non-attendance of witnesses.
  598
  Was there a genuine mistake, or are forces at work in which the criminal fraternity is involved? I do not know; it may be my suspicious mind, but the matter is serious and the fact that at least two hardened criminals who are well known to the police and the community are now at large because of the malfeasance that I described—and three others who are not habitual criminals as far as I know were not brought to trial for serious offences—is ample reason why Ministers should investigate these matters thoroughly. Indeed, some kind of inquiry should be set up to give the public some confidence.
  The police are totally frustrated in their efforts to bring people to justice—and, I accept, to make life not too difficult for themselves—and to make life better for the people whom we represent and whom they are paid to protect. The Minister and his colleagues must do more to restore public confidence. In the extremely short time left to them, I hope that they will make some move that can be picked up after the general election by my right hon. and hon. Friends.
  2.47 pm
  The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department (Mr. Tom Sackville): I cannot be expected to agree with the thrust of the last remarks of the hon. Member for Worsley (Mr. Lewis) but I concur with his alarm at the outcome of the cases that he described. He was kind enough to give me notice that he had corresponded with the Attorney-General and others. So, with his permission, I shall answer with a considered commentary on one of those cases—the Crown v. Hodgkiss, Dixon and Boyd. He can then judge whether what I shall say demonstrates not only concern but a willingness to ensure that such chains of events do not occur again.
  As the hon. Gentleman said, in that case three men were charged with serious offences. They were committed for trial and a pre-trial hearing took place on 5 May 1995. Thereafter, the case was listed for hearing on three occasions: 31 July 1995, 12 December 1995 and 12 February 1996. On all those dates, the case was listed as what is called a "floater" and, in the event, it did not come before the judge until the last date. As the hon. Gentleman knows, a "floater" is a trial not allocated to a specific court or judge but which may be taken in any court within a court centre whenever a gap appears in any of the lists during the day. It is not tied to a single courtroom and can be taken in the first one that becomes free. It is necessary to run such a system because it is impossible to predict the precise length of trials and, if there were no such system, a court in which the fixed list finished early would simply be left with nothing to do, which would represent a waste of public money and increased delays. However, it is clearly unsatisfactory that a serious case such as this should be listed as a floater on three separate occasions. The Court Service is well aware of that fact and is taking steps to prevent a recurrence.
  On 12 February 1996, when the case finally came to court, the defence applied for an adjournment as an expert witness was not available. Furthermore, prosecuting counsel was unable to reach the court due to adverse weather conditions. Although the court was told that the prosecution could proceed on the following day, the judge decided to grant the defence request for an adjournment.
  The case was then listed for a fourth time, but this time as a fixture, on 30 April 1996. On that day, prosecuting counsel instructed by the CPS—who was new to the

  599
  case—decided to seek an adjournment so that clothing from two of the defendants could be examined forensically. That was counsel's decision and contrary to the view of the police and the CPS, which did not consider such an examination necessary. The defence had not sought an examination either, despite being informed of its availability early in the proceedings.
  The judge retired overnight to consider his position. The following day, he was informed by prosecuting counsel—following consultation with the CPS—that the trial should proceed. However, he was not informed that the defence had earlier been offered an opportunity to examine the clothing and declined. He was also told that the reason for the adjournment on 12 February was the unavailability of prosecuting counsel—the unavailability of the defence expert witness was not pointed out to him. On the basis of that incomplete information, the judge directed that the case should not proceed as the defendants would be put at a considerable disadvantage. He therefore stayed the proceedings.
  Mr. Lewis: The Minister will acknowledge that I referred obliquely to that point in my speech. Were disciplinary proceedings taken against anyone found guilty of misleading a High Court judge in that way?
  Mr. Sackville: No. I gather from the information that I have received from the Attorney-General that the situation did not lend itself to disciplinary proceedings—it may have been a case of incompetence rather than malevolence. However, the hon. Gentleman makes a fair point.
  Mr. Lewis: Have we stopped dealing with incompetence in a disciplinary manner?
  Mr. Sackville: I shall deal in correspondence with the general point as to what extent disciplinary procedures would be available in an extreme case.
  My right hon. and learned Friend the Attorney-General has raised the case with the head of the Court Service. He in turn, together with the service's senior managers, has looked to see what steps can be taken to prevent the overuse of floating trials. The practice of floating cases involving a large number of witnesses and occurring on several occasions is contrary to guidelines. Three points in the guidelines are: floaters should be short and uncomplicated cases; they should involve few witnesses
  600
  and no expert witnesses; and, if they are not reached on the first day they are listed, they should receive priority in subsequent listing arrangements. In light of this case, the head of the Court Service has re-emphasised the need for the guidance to be followed.
  My right hon. and learned Friend has also contacted the leader of the northern circuit Bar to express his concern at the contribution that the change of prosecuting counsel had made to the unsatisfactory outcome of the case. The heads of chambers have been reminded of the need to ensure that the number of returned briefs is kept to an absolute minimum. More generally, the CPS, in liaison with the Bar, has issued service standards on returned briefs that are designed to ensure continuity of counsel throughout a case—something that was sadly lacking in the current case. The fundamental principle of the service standards is that the advocate who is instructed initially should conduct the case.
  Finally, the Court Service and the CPS are arranging a conference for staff at senior levels to agree general principles, processes and mechanisms to ensure that cases are handled properly. That will take place on 3 February and, I hope that it will help to prevent a recurrence of this unfortunate episode.
  Mr. Lewis: Can the Minister let me see a copy of the guidance to which he referred in the correspondence that he is to send me?
  Mr. Sackville: I am sure that that will be no problem at all. I shall arrange that.
  I can only sympathise and apologise through the hon. Gentleman to his constituents for the way in which they have been let down by the criminal justice system. I hope that the events that my right hon. and learned Friend the Attorney-General, the Court Service, the Crown Prosecution Service and the Bar have set in train will avoid similar results in future cases.
  The hon. Gentleman suggested that sinister forces might be at work. I hope that that is not the case. Even assuming that the case involved a certain amount of bad luck, but principally incompetence, it is very serious. I believe that lessons will be learnt from this particular case—and another case, about which I shall be happy to give the hon. Gentleman a more detailed commentary in correspondence—and that, in future, we can tell all our constituents that when there is a case to be heard following a serious offence, it will be heard promptly.
  Question put and agreed to.
  Adjourned accordingly at five minutes to Three o'clock.

AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FOOD

  Newcastle Disease
  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what assessment his Department has made of the likelihood of the Ross on Wye outbreak of Newcastle disease spreading; what measures have been taken to prevent the spread of the disease; and if he will make a statement. [11551]

  Mrs. Browning
  All outbreaks of Newcastle disease pose a risk of the disease spreading. Following confirmation of the first outbreak of disease on premises near Ross on Wye, an order was made under the Animal Health Act 1981 imposing movement restrictions on poultry and hatching eggs within a 3 km protection zone and 10 km surveillance zone around the affected premises. The same action was taken following a further outbreak close to the original outbreak, and another outbreak—which may not be linked—in East Sussex. Restrictions are not lifted until 30 days after the infected premises have been disinfected assuming that there have been no further outbreaks. The State Veterinary Service is conducting investigations with the objective of tracing the source of the infection and preventing it from spreading.

  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what guidelines his Department gives to farmers in respect of a suspected Newcastle disease outbreak; and if he will make a statement. [11555]

  Mrs. Browning
  All poultry farmers in the restricted areas are visited and given guidance as to the restrictions placed upon them, advice on the nature of the disease and how to avoid its being spread and the need to report to MAFF any suspicion of the disease.

  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1) how many recognised outbreaks of Newcastle disease have been recorded on farms by area in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement; [11550]

  (2) how many (a) chickens, (b) turkeys and (c) other birds have been affected by Newcastle disease in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement. [11548]

  Mrs. Browning
  Other than the current outbreaks this year, there has been one incident of Newcastle disease in Great Britain since 1984, in May 1996. Following the death of 11 farmed pheasants on a farm in East Sussex, the remaining flock of about 3,600 birds and chicks was slaughtered.

  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what percentage of birds contracting Newcastle disease currently die; and if he will make a statement. [11554]
  390
  Mrs. Browning
  The rates of mortality depend upon the species and age of the bird and the virulence of the virus concerned. The virus isolated from birds in the current incident near Ross on Wye has proved to be more virulent for chickens than for turkeys.

  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what research his Department has(a) commissioned and (b) evaluated into the causes of Newcastle disease in (i) farmed poultry, (ii) other captive birds, (iii) wild birds, (iv) other species and (v) humans; and if he will make a statement. [11553]

  Mrs. Browning
  MAFF has funded a number of research projects into Newcastle disease in farmed poultry and continues to do so. The following research undertaken since 1991 into Newcastle disease virus has been completed and evaluated:Molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus;
  Evaluation of the antigenicity and immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus;
  Development of techniques for the rapid diagnosis of Newcastle disease and the characterisation of the virus.

  The following research projects into Newcastle disease virus are currently in progress:
  Evaluation of the molecular basis for the pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus;
  Use of monoclonal antibodies in differentiation and assessment of the relationship between Newcastle disease isolates for rapid diagnosis;
  Virulence assessment of Newcastle disease virus utilising a non-radioactive probe;
  Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus based on phylogenetic analysis of sequences;
  Development of alternative methods for the virulence testing of Newcastle disease isolates.

  The following research project into Newcastle disease virus will begin in the next financial year:
  Virulence assessment and epizootiological tracing of Newcastle disease in chickens using recombinant antibodies.

  Research into Newcastle disease in humans is a matter for the Department of Health but I understand that no research in this area has been undertaken recently.

EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT

  Jobsearch Assistance
  Mr. Alan Howarth
  To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Employment what is her estimate of the cost of extending eligibility for jobsearch assistance to(a) partners of (i) unemployed claimants and (ii) sick and disabled people, (b) lone parents and (c) sick and disabled claimants. [10962]

  Mr. Forth
  All of these people can get help in looking for a job from the employment service. In addition, subject to certain eligibility conditions, people in each of these groups are eligible for our employment and training programmes. Any individual is eligible if he or she has been(a) in direct or indirect receipt of one or more of a number of relevant benefits for a specified minimum period, and (b) out of work for a specified minimum

  391
  period. Some groups, including people with disabilities, are eligible for programmes whether or not they meet these conditions.

  Assisted Places Scheme
  Mr. William Powell
  To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Employment how many assisted places have been financed for pupils in each education authority, and at what public cost, in each of the last five years. [11077]

  Mrs. Gillan
  Information on the local education authority area in which assisted pupils reside is not collected centrally. Schools participating in the scheme recruit widely beyond the area in which they are situated and admit pupils from a number of different LEA areas.

  Teaching Methods
  Mr. Robert G. Hughes
  To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Employment how many maintained schools use(a) formal and (b) informal teaching methods. [11218]

  Mr. Forth
  Information is not collected in this form. Schools generally use a range of teaching methods. The Government's education reforms encourage the use of the most effective methods to maximise the attainment of pupils.

  Science Teachers
  Mr. Dalyell
  To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Employment what plans she has for funding increased in-service training for(a) primary teachers teaching science and (b) science teachers in secondary schools. [10957]

  Mr. Forth
  The Government support in-service teacher training, for both primary and secondary school teachers, through elements of the grants for education support and training programme. GEST-supported expenditure will rise from £266.4 million in 1996–97 to £296.8 million in 1997–98. Schools generally have considerable flexibility in deciding how to spend GEST funds, although some is ring-fenced, including funding to enhance primary teachers' subject knowledge.

  Reading Skills
  Mr. Thurnham
  To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Employment what is the current proportion of 11-year-olds achieving a reading age appropriate to their age; what the figure was two years ago in(a) England, (b) the north-west region and (c) Bolton; and what action she is taking to improve the reading abilities of 11-year-olds. [11032]

  Mrs Gillan
  National curriculum assessment results for English encompass reading, writing, speaking and listening. In 1995, the first year of national curriculum assessment for 11-year-olds, 48 per cent. achieved the level expected for their age in tests and 56 per cent. did so in teacher assessments. In 1996, these figures had improved to 58 per cent. and 60 per cent. respectively. The first primary school performance tables will report by school and LEA the 1996 key stage 2 results including English. In 1997, the key stage 2 reading test will generate separate optional national curriculum levels and age 392
  standardised scores. The Government have a range of strategies to improve literacy standards, including their network of literacy centres national curriculum for initial teacher training and family literacy initiative.

  Personalised Number Plates (Executive Agencies)
  Mr. Donohoe
  To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Employment how many personalised number plates there are in the ownership of the executive agencies operated by her Department; and if she will list them. [11414]

  Mr. Robin Squire
  None.

TRADE AND INDUSTRY

  Trade Fairs and Seminars
  Mr. Waller
  To ask the President of the Board of Trade if he will make a statement on the results of the bids for trade fair and overseas seminar support for 1997–89. [12007]

  Mr. Nelson
  I am pleased to announce that, under the trade fairs support scheme, about 260 groups of firms will be offered support totalling £17 million for exhibitions world-wide in 1997–98. This will be a major fillip, especially to small and medium firms which otherwise would not exhibit their products to potential customers in this way. In addition, this year, for the first time, similar export promotion activities will be eligible for the sector challenge competition, the results of which will be announced in March. I am pleased to report that a number of such applications have been invited to prepare full bids under the challenge.

  Of the 260 exhibitions being announced now, nearly half will be in Europe, about one fifth in the Asia Pacific and another fifth in the Americas. The full programme will be published in my Department's overseas promotions guide later this week. Copies will be sent to business links and trade associations and copies will be placed in the Libraries of the House.

  Against a background of considerable demand for this support and in order to maintain a substantial programme while containing public expenditure, I have decided to reduce the rate of grant on the approved cost of renting space and constructing stands at trade fairs from 50 per cent. to 45 per cent. I have also decided not to revalue the price levels on which construction grants are based. These changes will apply to all events for which my Department announces support from today. Offers of grant and firm announcements of support already made will continue to attract grant at current rates. I am not yet in a position to take decisions on supporting some events which would involve new expenditure in 1998–99.

  Inclusion of the trade fairs programme in the sector challenge should bring significant benefits to exporters by allowing new and more flexible approaches to exhibiting. I will be reviewing the way that we support trade fairs after the first sector challenge but my intention is to make all support for the trade fairs after this round available through the sector challenge. Consequently, the existing understanding to support automatically a core programme of events will continue only up to 31 March 1999.
  393
  In the meantime, with the aim of making the current scheme more customer-friendly, I have decided to streamline its administration. My Department will be reducing the number of forms, simplifying those forms still needed and asking intermediaries to be more accountable to their customers and less to my Department. This will apply routinely to the events for which I am announcing support from today and, where practicable, to offers already made.

  In addition, under the related overseas seminar scheme, my Department plans to support 31 events in 1997–98. Details of these too will be included in the overseas promotion guide.

  Business Links
  Mr. Waller
  To ask the President of the Board of Trade, pursuant to the Government observations on the fifth report of the Trade and Industry Committee on business links—House of Commons 301 of Session 1995–96—what steps the Government have taken to reduce bureaucracy and relate funding to outputs; and what targets he intends to set for each business link. [12030]

  Mr. Page
  From 1997–98, each business link will have a single budget for the core services that it is required to provide and my Department will make its contribution to the cost of business link services against proposals set out in the relevant training and enterprise council business plan for meeting the needs of the area. Funding will no longer depend in a mechanistic way on the precise levels of activity on each service, but each business link partnership will need to meet targets related to(a) the fees paid to the business link by assisted businesses, (b) the number of businesses with at least one employee using business link services and (c) the number of businesses that have an established fee-based relationship with the business link. The numerical targets for each business link will depend on local circumstances such as how long the business link has been operating.

  These targets reflect the fact that business links are commercial organisations operating in the private sector, although with a public purpose. If they are to be credible in providing business advice to their client customers, it is particularly important that they also operate commercially. Charging helps the assisted business to appreciate the value of the services provided and helps business links to generate additional funds so that the business link can increase the volume, quality and range of services it offers. In order to ensure that all business links make progress in this area, I have decided to set a minimum level for fee income from assisted businesses. Consequently, by their fifth year of operations—or by 1998–99 for business links that will reach their fifth year in 1997–98—business links should be earning at least 25 per cent. of their income from the assistance they provide to businesses. In earlier years, they will he expected to be making clear and defined progress towards this target. This approach gives business links considerable freedom in deciding how to charge their customers, while ensuring a broad minimum overall level of income from assisted businesses across all business link areas.

  Overseas Projects Fund
  Mr. Milburn
  To ask the President of the Board of Trade how many projects have been won with overseas projects fund assistance in each of the last five years; and if he will identify each project. [11444]

  Mr. Lang

  1991–92: 4

  1992–93: 3

  1993–94: 5

  1994–95: 5

  1995–96: 1

  1996–97 to date: 3.

  Information about individual projects is confidential between the company and the Department.

  Mr. Milburn
  To ask the President of the Board of Trade, pursuant to the answer to the hon. Member for Hyndburn (Mr Pope) of 11 November,Official Report, column 14, on the overseas projects fund, if he will identify each of the projects assisted in each of the last five years. [11446]

  Mr. Lang
  Information about individual projects is confidential between the company and the Department.

  Arbitration Act 1996
  Mr. Waller
  To ask the President of the Board of Trade when the Arbitration Act 1996 will come into force; and if he will make a statement. [12008]

  Mr. Lang
  I am pleased to announce that, before the House rose for the Christmas recess, I made an order to bring the main provisions of the Arbitration Act 1996 into force on 31 January 1997. I have decided not to bring sections 85 to 87 of the Act, which make certain special provisions for domestic arbitration agreements, into force. A draft order to repeal these sections will be laid before both Houses as soon as is practicable.

  The new Act will apply to all arbitration proceedings which are commenced on or after 31 January, no matter when the agreement to arbitrate was made. The only exception is the provision at section 46(1)(b) of the Act, which enables the parties to agree that the dispute can be decided in accordance with provisions other than the law. This provision will apply only to new arbitration agreements made on or after 31 January 1997.

  The commencement order which brings the Act into force makes certain transitional arrangements to deal with situations where applications in respect of arbitral proceedings are made to the courts around the time the Act comes into force.

  Arrangements are being made to have new rules of court in place on 31 January to complement the new Act.

  At the same time, I have laid before both Houses an order under section 91 of the Act to set at £3,000 the amount below which a consumer arbitration agreement will be considered unfair. The order will apply to England and Wales and Scotland. Apart from its provisions on consumer arbitration agreements the Act does not apply to Scotland. A similar order is being made for Northern Ireland.
  395
  The departmental advisory committee on arbitration law produced an excellent commentary on the Arbitration Bill in February of last year. A supplementary report is being prepared which will bring the commentary on the project up to date.

  My Department is in the process of preparing a brochure on the Act which is being written with the needs of small business and consumers specifically in mind.

HOME DEPARTMENT

  Electronic Tagging
  Mr. Cox
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what was the age of(a) the youngest and (b) the oldest person who was electronically tagged in England and Wales during 1996. [10884]

  Mr. Sackville
  The answers are:(a) 16; (b)

  Mr. Cox
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many(a) men and (b) women were electronically tagged in England and Wales during 1996. [10885]

  Mr. Sackville
  Two hundred and thirteen men and 16 women were sentenced to curfew orders monitored electronically in the three trial areas during 1996.

  Research (Dogs and Cats)
  Mr. Cohen
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department if non-purpose-bred dogs and cats used for research in the United Kingdom are obtained from non-designated supplying establishments situated within the United Kingdom. [11171]

  Mr. Sackville
  In Great Britain during 1995, the only year for which figures are available, 66 dogs but no cats used in scientific procedures were obtained from sources within the United Kingdom not designated breeding or supplying establishments.

  Animal Procedures Committee
  Mr. Butler
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department if he will make a statement on his appointments to the Animal Procedures Committee. [11929]

  Mr. Sackville
  I have appointed the following persons to be members of the Animal Procedures Committee for four years with effect from 1 January 1997:Professor Robin Dunbar, professor of psychology, university of Liverpool;
  Mr. John Gregory, fellow, Institute of Animal Technicians;
  Professor John Turner, professor of evolutionary genetics, university of Leeds.

  Shoplifting
  Mr. Thurnham
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what is the minimum number of items of information a police officer has to provide in order to initiate the prosecution of a juvenile delinquent for shoplifting; and if he will make a statement. [10761]

  Mr. Maclean
  Six forms are needed in the prosecution file in the case of a juvenile offender where a guilty plea is expected. These are:396

  a file front sheet which includes the defendant's details;

  a copy of the charge sheet/summons;

  the defendant's previous convictions, if any;

  a compensation form completed by the victim;

  a short descriptive note; and

  a note of how the decision to prosecute was reached.

  More information is required where a not guilty plea is expected. There are also other forms and documents which are completed or taken into account which are not directly associated with the prosecution process; these include property registers, custody records and fingerprint forms.

  Deaf-blind People
  Mr. Alfred Morris
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what training police receive in communicating and making contact with deaf-blind people. [9471]

  Mr. Maclean
  [holding answer 16 January 1997]: There is no national training aimed specifically at how police officers should communicate or make contact with deaf-blind people although the probationer foundation training programme seeks to establish a general awareness and understanding of the special needs of people the police are likely to encounter. There are, however, special provisions for dealing with people in police custody who appear to be blind or deaf and training in the requirements of the relevant Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 codes of practice is included in the custody officer training package which is available to all forces.

  It is the responsibility of individual chief officers to ensure that their officers are suitably trained for the duties that they undertake.

  Firearms (Amendment) Bill
  Mr. Frank Field
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) what estimate he has made of the number of (i) small businesses which will close and (ii) jobs which will be lost as a result of the implementation of the Firearms (Amendment) Bill; [11219]

  (2) what is the size of the budget which the Government are proposing to compensate (a) businesses and (b) individuals who will have to surrender firearms as a result of the implementation of the Firearms (Amendment) Bill. [11220]

  Miss Widdecombe
  [holding answers 16 January 1997]: Our estimate of the costs that will need to be paid to compensate all those who surrender guns and accessories is as set out in the financial memorandum to the Firearms (Amendment) Bill.

  It has not been possible to estimate the full impact of the measures that would be introduced by the Bill on businesses and employment.

  Prison Interviews
  Mr. Harry Greenway
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department if he will make it his policy to ban interviews between journalists and convicted murderers on prison premises; and if he will make a statement. [10658]

  Miss Widdecombe
  [holding answer 13 January 1997]: Visits to prisoners by journalists or authors in their professional capacity are generally not permitted. Where, exceptionally, a visit is permitted, journalists or authors are required to give a written undertaking which limits the subject and conditions of the interview. The Government have considered the recent High Court judgment in the case of Simms and O'Brien and have decided to appeal.

HOUSE OF COMMONS

  Parliamentary Questions
  Mr. Winnick
  To ask the Lord President of the Council if he will list the five hon. Members who most frequently had one of the first five oral questions to the Prime Minister on the Order Paper since the beginning of the Session. [9951]

  Mr. Newton
  The hon. Members listed have appeared more than once in the top five on the Order Paper for oral questions to the Prime Minister between the start of the current Session and 18 December. In that period, there were 15 Prime Minister's Question Times. The total number of times each Member has appeared is shown in brackets after their name.

  Mr. Edward O'Hara (3)

  Mr. D. N. Campbell-Savours (2)

  Mr. Malcolm Chisholm (2)

  Roseanna Cunningham (2)

  Mr. Harry Greenway (2)

  Mr. John Hutton (2)

  Mr. John Marshall (2)

  Sir Irvine Patnick (2)

  Mr. Dennis Skinner (2).

  Mr. McNamara
  To ask the Lord President of the Council how many hon. Members have had questions lost since the contract with the Stationery Office commenced. [10728]

  Mr. Newton
  I have been advised that there has been one incident, on 17 December, when a single batch of eight questions from five hon. Members was lost.

  Mr. McNamara
  To ask the Lord President of the Council when he expects to receive an apology from the Stationery Office about hon. Members' lost questions; and when he expects hon. Members to receive apologies. [10725]

  Mr. Newton
  I am advised that the chairman of the Stationery Office wrote to the Speaker on 19 December, apologising for the incident. He also sent a letter of apology to four of the five hon. Members whose questions were lost. I understand that the fifth has not yet been identified.
  398
  Mr. MacNamara
  To ask the Lord President of the Council what assessment he has made of the security of hon. Member's questions at the Stationery Office. [10708]

  Mr. Newton
  I am advised that a review of the process for dealing with Members' questions is being undertaken by the Stationery Office in consultation with House officials. In the meantime, the photocopying of Members' questions immediately on arrival at the Parliamentary Press has been introduced as a safeguard.

  Hon. Members (Swearing In)
  Mr. Winnick
  To ask the Lord President of the Council if arrangement are in hand for hon. Members to take the oath following the next election in accordance with the recommendations in the first report of Session 1995–96 on proceeding at the start of Parliament [HC 386] of the Procedure Committee. [11475]

  Mr. Newton
  As I explained to the House on 11 July 1996 Official Report, column 636, this is a matter for Madam Speaker.

TREASURY

  Administration Costs
  Mr. Milburn
  To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer what factors underlie the increase in the provision for gross running costs of civil Departments compared with revised plans as set out in the Red Book paragraph 5.30; and if he will provide a breakdown of the increase by Department, indicating, where possible, executive agencies separately. [8277]

  Mr. Waldegrave
  [holding answer 9 December 1996]: Compared with an estimated 1996–97 outturn of £14,919 million for running costs of civil Departments, the Government's planned expenditure on running costs of £14,736 million in 1999–2000 represents a fall of 7 per cent. in real terms over three years.

  The increases in running costs provision for 1997–98 and 1998–99 are more than accounted for by increases on anti-fraud and anti-evasion measures—an additional £760 million of running costs over three years—and on prisons. Additional provision has also been given to the agriculture Departments to fund the continuing package of measures to counter BSE.

  The table following compares the Government's plans published in the public expenditure statistical analyses—PESA—1996–97 with new plans for each departmental group. New plans may be subject to further revision before the Government's plans are set out in detail in the 1997 departmental reports, due to be published in March 1997, which will include information on the running costs of executive agencies.
  399

  1997–98 £ million

  1998–99 £ million

  Departmental group

  PESA 1996–97

  New Plans

  Change

  PESA 1996–97

  New Plans

  Change

  Foreign Office

  540

  525

  -15

  539

  535

  -4

  Overseas Development

  58

  56

  -2

  58

  56

  -2

  Agriculture, Fisheries and Food

  466

  524

  58

  468

  522

  54

  Trade and Industry

  435

  447

  12

  432

  440

  8

  Transport

  395

  393

  -2

  376

  374

  -2

  Environment

  511

  455

  -56

  501

  445

  -56

  Home Office

  1,865

  1,928

  63

  1,907

  2,013

  106

  Legal departments

  776

  766

  -10

  775

  759

  -16

  Education and Employment

  1,193

  1,130

  -63

  1,189

  1,107

  -82

  National Heritage

  39

  64

  25

  39

  63

  24

  Health

  278

  276

  -2

  278

  276

  -2

  Social Security

  3,426

  3,539

  113

  3,105

  3,259

  154

  Scotland

  378

  382

  4

  374

  373

  -1

  Wales

  76

  75

  -1

  76

  74

  -2

  Northern Ireland

  794

  787

  -7

  792

  787

  -5

  Chancellor's departments

  2,929

  2,944

  15

  2,919

  2,998

  79

  Cabinet Office

  566

  558

  -8

  567

  557

  -10

  Total

  14,725

  14,850

  125

  14,395

  14,637

  242

  Plus: Changes between FSBR95 and publication of PESA

  105

  114

  Equals: Difference between new and revised plans

  230

  356

  Note:

  See Annex B to Chapter 5 of FSBR 1997–98 for details of departmental groupings.

  Betting Duty
  Mr. Donohoe
  To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer (1) how much his Department has received in revenue from betting duty in each quarter of each of the last three financial years; [10999]

  (2) what estimate he has made of the loss of betting duty as a result of recent cancellations of horse race meetings. [11000]

  Mr. Oppenheim
  [holding answer 16 January 1997]: The betting duty receipts—that is, general betting duty—for each quarter of the last three financial years are as follows. All figures are £ million.

  Quarter

  1994–95

  1995–96

  1996–97

  1

  138

  138

  120

  2

  140

  137

  124

  3

  122

  118

  —

  4

  108

  96

  —

  No estimate has been made of the loss of betting duty as a result of recent cancellations of horse race meetings. There is no duty due in respect of bets made at a racecourse. Off course betting has continued for Irish and other foreign horse racing and for all-weather courses in this country.

TRANSPORT

  Channel Tunnel (Safety)
  Mrs. Dunwoody
  To ask the Secretary of State for Transport if he will make a statement on the most recent fire involving a train being used as part of the new emergency procedures in the channel tunnel. [11515]
  400
  Mr. Watts
  On 19 December 1996, smoke was detected in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning unit of an empty tourist shuttle train on stand-by at a platform on the Folkestone terminal. Kent fire brigade attended and extinguished a small electrical fire.

  A second tourist shuttle was immediately prepared for use as a replacement stand-by train.

  Roads Programme (Property Purchases)
  Mr. Andrew Smith
  To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what property his Department holds for the purposes of the present and previously planned roads programme, indicating(a) the number of houses, (b) the number of other properties and (c) the extent of land holdings; and what was the total amount spent in purchasing the property in each of these categories. [10846]

  Mr. Watts
  I have asked the chief executive of the Highways Agency to write to the hon. Member.

  Letter from Lawrie Haynes to Mr. Andrew Smith, dated 17 January 1997:
  The Secretary of State for Transport has asked me to reply to your recent Parliamentary Question asking what property his Department holds for the purposes of the present and previously planned roads programme, indicating (a) the number of houses, (b) the number of other properties and (c) the extent of land holdings; and what was the total amount spent in purchasing the property in each of these categories.
  The information is not available in the form requested. The Highways Agency's previously planned (pre-November 1995) roads programme required 3,176 properties/plots at a purchase cost of £.301.6M. The Highways Agency's present programme will require 1,411 properties/plots at a purchase cost of 119.8M.
  The purchase price excludes compensation payable for disturbance, home loss removal expenses and fees, etc. In addition we hold some 700 properties/plots in connection with schemes previously under construction or completed which were not listed in the November 1995 budget announcement as either withdrawn or in the programme. These are needed for operational reasons or are for eventual disposal when vacant. The purchase price of these properties/plot was £61.7M.

  Thai-registered Airlines
  Mrs. Dunwoody
  To ask the Secretary of State for Transport (1) what action(a) his Department and (b) the Civil Aviation Authority has taken following the recent announcement by the Federal Aviation Administration relating to Thailand's non-compliance with international aviation standards; [11529]

  (2) if he will list those airlines registered in Thailand operating to or from United Kingdom airports. [11528]

  Mr. Bowls
  Thailand's civil aviation authority has been assessed by the Federal Aviation Administration under its international aviation safety assessment programme as "Category II, Conditional". This means that FAA inspectors found areas that in their opinion did not meet international safety standards, but services by the country's carriers continue to be permitted to the United States under heightened FAA surveillance.

  We take FAA assessments into account in deciding whether to ask the Civil Aviation Authority to inspect a particular country's aircraft operating into the United Kingdom. We also take into account whether the country is participating in the International Civil Aviation Organisation's safety oversight programme. Thailand has been assessed by ICAO and we are awaiting the outcome of that mission.

  One airline registered in Thailand operates into the United Kingdom. Thai Airways International operates a daily scheduled service into Heathrow: the Department does not currently plan to ask the CAA to ramp check its aircraft but will keep the matter under review.

  London Transport Annual Settlement
  Mr. Cohen
  To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what representations he received from chief officers and the board of(a) London Transport and (b) the City of London about the Government's annual settlement for London Transport; what they told him about the effect of the settlement on London Transport's investment programme and existing infrastructure; and if he will make a statement. [11063]

  Mr. Bowis
  My right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Transport and I meet the chairman and other members of the board of London Transport on a regular basis and discuss this and other matters. No representations have been received from the Corporation of the City of London.

  London Underground Power Generation
  Mr. Cohen
  To ask the Secretary of State for Transport if he will make a statement on his timetable for the privatisation of London Underground power generation facilities; what consultation he has had on this; what guarantees in respect of future investment will be required; and what assurances he expects in respect of its continuing reliability. [11081]

  Mr. Bowis
  The provision of power supplies to the underground is an operational matter for London Underground. It is currently in negotiation with two short-listed bidders for a project under the private finance initiative which would meet the underground's future power generation and distribution requirements.
  402
  Reliability of supply and the bidders' investment plans are matters being discussed with the bidders. London Underground hopes soon to decide on its preferred bidder.

  London Underground (Consultants)
  Ms Glenda Jackson
  To ask the Secretary of State for Transport if he will list the consultants, outside organisations and individuals employed by London Underground Ltd., for advice on introducing a private sector element into the(a) organisation, (b) operation and (c) funding of (i) the London underground system and (ii) London Underground Ltd., the duration of their employment and the total cost of their employment in each of the years 1992 to 1997. [11096]

  Mr. Bowis
  This is a matter for London Underground Ltd. However I understand that it employs outside parties from time to time to advise on matters including disposals, contracting out and projects under the private finance initiative.

  Ms Jackson
  To ask the Secretary of State for Transport if he will list the consultants, outside organisations and individuals employed by(a) his Department and (b) its agencies, for advice on introducing a private sector element into the (i) organisation, (ii) operation and (iii) funding of (1) the London underground system and (2) London Underground Ltd., the duration of their employment and the total cost of their employment in each of the years 1992 to 1997. [11097]

  Mr. Bowis
  The Department has made no such appointments.

  Heathrow to London Rail Link
  Mr. Harry Greenway
  To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what proposals he has for a fast rail link between Heathrow and central London other than the Heathrow to Paddington service; what interim station stops are being considered for inclusion; and if he will make a statement. [11013]

  Mr. Bowis
  BAA has recently announced that it is considering the introduction of a sister service to the Heathrow express, which will operate between St. Pancras and Heathrow. This service would start to operate from 1999 and possible stops being considered include West Hampstead, Ealing Broadway, Hayes and Harlington.

ENVIRONMENT

  Absenteeism
  Mr. Allen
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Environment what plans he has to ensure that incentives aimed at reducing absenteeism do not extend to absenteeism as a result of work-related injuries. [11085]

  Sir Paul Beresford
  None. My Department has no responsibilities for reducing absenteeism from work. The Health and Safety Executive is, however, constantly looking at ways of reducing work-related injuries.

  Opencast Mining (Environmental Effects)
  Mr. Dobson
  To ask the Secretary of State for the Environment if he will list the research carried out by his
  403
  Department, since January 1994, into possible environmental health problems caused by opencast coal operations indicating (a) the commissioning dates of the investigations, (b) the name of organisations or agencies commissioned to undertake investigations and (c) the expected dates for publication of results; and if he will provide summaries of the investigations undertaken. [11357]

  Mr. Gummer
  The Departments of Health and Environment commissioned a joint research project on the impact of particulate matter from opencast coal sites on public health in August 1996. The research is being undertaken by the university of Newcastle medical school and the work is expected to be complete in late October 1998. This work is still in its early stages and I will write to the hon. Member with details of what it involves.

  1995–96

  1994–95

  1993–94

  Health Board

  Number of patients

  Total value of contracts

  Number of patients

  Total value of contracts

  Number of patients

  Total value of contracts

  Argyll and Clyde

  586

  178,585

  298

  222,245

  Nil

  —

  Ayrshire and Arran

  81

  1,990,000

  83

  1,750,000

  60

  1,500,000

  Borders

  16

  224,976

  32

  224,842

  Not disclosed

  31,431

  Dumfries and Galloway

  347

  168,450

  176

  48,000

  Nil

  —

  Fife

  65

  67,184

  Nil

  —

  Nil

  —

  Forth Valley

  1>1,175

  980,800

  1>713

  657,358

  1>295

  368,475

  Grampian

  5

  116,250

  138

  207,801

  10

  118,000

  Greater Glasgow

  110

  398,235

  28

  110,700

  615

  404,758

  Highland

  12

  90,362

  5

  37,860

  26

  141,850

  Lanarkshire

  185

  2,832,322

  162

  2,616,080

  150

  2,486,963

  Lothian

  Nil

  —

  85

  50,901

  90

  87,133

  Orkney

  Nil

  —

  Nil

  —

  Nil

  —

  Shetland

  Nil

  —

  13

  3,250

  Nil

  —

  Tayside

  58

  471,789

  45

  278,071

  19

  276,997

  Western Isles

  Nil

  —

  2

  3,950

  Nil

  —

  1 Precise figure not disclosed.

  Newcastle Disease
  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Secretary of State for Scotland how many people have been affected with Newcastle disease in Scotland in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement. [11546]

  Lord James Douglas-Hamilton: No cases have been recorded in the last five years.

DUCHY OF LANCASTER

  NHS (Emergency Capacity)
  Mr. Spearing
  To ask the Deputy Prime Minister, pursuant to his oral answer of 14 January concerning emergency capacity in the national health service,Official Report, column 130, if he will make a statement on the extent of this capacity indicating the basis on which the amount of such capacity is calculated, and the approximate costs of maintaining spare beds. [11439]

  The Deputy Prime Minister: It is the responsibility of health authorities and national health service trusts to ensure that NHS emergency services can meet demand. In the last financial year, over 3.5 million patients received

SCOTLAND

  Private Health Providers
  Mr. Donohoe
  To ask the Secretary of State for Scotland if he will list for each health board the names of the private health providers with which they have had contracts, the value of each contract, and the number of patients covered by each contract for (i) 1993–94, (ii) 1994–95 and (iii) 1995–96. [10967]

  Lord James Douglas-Hamilton: The information requested is not collected centrally on a routine basis.

  In response to a request by the hon. Member, the information in the table was obtained specifically from health boards. The further details requested by the hon. Member cannot be provided centrally without risking a breach of patient confidentiality.

  emergency in-patient care in NHS hospitals. Within the context of overall growth in the NHS, we have recently made available additional funding to help meet key service objectives in the current financial year. This funding includes money for intensive care beds and to improve discharge arrangements, thus making extra beds available.

  Consultants
  Mr. Milburn
  To ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, pursuant to his answer of 13 January,Official Report, column 13, which Departments (a) have implemented and (b) have not implemented their action plans in response to the efficiency unit's report on external consultants. [11440]

  Mr. Freeman
  Each Department is best placed to provide the most up-to-date account of its progress in implementing the recommendations of the efficiency unit's report; I refer the hon. Gentleman therefore to the answers supplied by Departments to his recent questions about progress on implementation.
  405
  Mr. Milburn
  To ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, pursuant to his answer of 13 January,Official Report, column 13, if he will make a statement on the assessment made by the efficiency unit of the monitoring of Departments' expenditure on consultants. [11441]

  Mr. Freeman
  The efficiency unit estimates that ministerial Departments and the Attorney-General's Office spent approximately £510 million on external consultants in 1995–96 at 1996 prices. This figure excludes spending by the Department for Education and Employment. When this latter figure is available, I will write to the hon. Member and place a copy of my letter in, the Library.

  Many factors effect the level of departmental spending on consultants and expenditure should not be taken as a sole indicator of the impact of the efficiency unit's scrutiny report, the prime purpose of which was to increase control and accountability and to secure improvements in procurement and project management.

  Efficiency Training
  Mr. Milburn
  To ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster what have been the costs of efficiency training for managers in the civil service and agencies; and how many staff have participated in each of the last five years. [11443]

  Mr. Freeman
  In line with the civil service White Paper, "Continuity and Change", responsibility for efficiency planning and the training of staff is delegated to Departments. The information requested is not held centrally.

NORTHERN IRELAND

  Arts Council
  Mr. John D. Taylor
  To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland when the appointment of the Public Affairs Officer to the Arts Council of Northern Ireland was made; how many persons applied for the position; in which newspapers the position was advertised; and how many of the applicants were perceived to be(a) Protestants and (b) Roman Catholics. [10780]

  Mr. Ancram
  The appointment of the public affairs officer with the Arts Council of Northern Ireland was made on 12 May 1995. There were 38 applicants for the post. The vacancy was advertised in the Irish News, Newsletter and Belfast Telegraph. Of the 38 applicants, 21 were perceived to be from the Protestant community, 15 from the Roman Catholic community and two non-determined.

  Mr. Taylor
  To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland how many persons applied for the position of education and training officer to the Arts Council of Northern Ireland; in which newspapers in(a) the UK and (b) the Republic of Ireland this vacancy was advertised; and how many of the applicants were perceived to be (i) Protestants and (ii) Roman Catholics. [10781]

  Mr. Ancram
  The post of education and training officer with the Arts Council of Northern Ireland was first advertised in August 1995. Of 18 applicants, only one was 406
  considered suitable but declined the appointment. The post was re-advertised in October 1996 and there were 28 applicants.

  On both occasions, the vacancy was advertised in the Irish News, Newsletter and Belfast Telegraph. The vacancy was not advertised in any Republic of Ireland newspapers.

  Of the 18 applicants in August 1995, five were perceived to be from the Protestant community and 13 from the Roman Catholic community. Of the 28 applicants in October 1996, eight were perceived to be from the Protestant community, 18 from the Roman Catholic community and two non-determined.

  Raising School Standards Initiative
  Mr. Worthington
  To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland if he will list the schools involved in the raising school standards initiative and the criteria by which they were chosen. [10939]

  Mr. Ancram
  Secondary schools were identified for inclusion in the initiative by means of a performance index, which took account of both the number and level of GCSE and vocational qualifications over the three years 1990–91 to 1992–93. Primary schools were selected for invitation to participate in RSSI on the following basis:only those primary schools contributing 10 per cent. or more to the year eight intake of any participating secondary school were considered;
  these primary schools were ranked using a points system based on transfer grades, combined with the proportions of pupils entitled to free school meals;
  where this approach excluded a school which contributed 30 or more to the participating secondary school's year eight intake, this school was selected.

  I will write to the hon. Member listing the participating schools.

  Teachers (Discretionary Support)
  Mr. Worthington
  To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland if he will make a statement on the changes in discretionary support for teachers embarking on courses to obtain additional qualifications, showing the financial allocations. [10985]

  Mr. Ancram
  As schools' budgets have been given priority, funds will not be available for new applicants for discretionary awards from and including the 1997–98 academic year. Teachers already receiving financial support will continue to have their tuition fees, travelling and subsistence expenses met under the existing terms and conditions.

  Newcastle Disease
  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland how many recognised outbreaks of Newcastle disease have been recorded on farms in Northern Ireland by area in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement. [11544]

  Mr. Ancram
  No outbreaks of Newcastle disease were recorded on farms in Northern Ireland in 1992 to 1995. One outbreak was recorded in County Antrim in 1996.
  407
  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland how many(a) chickens, (b) turkeys and (c) other birds have been affected by Newcastle disease in Northern Ireland in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement. [11542]

  Mr. Ancram
  One outbreak of Newcastle disease occurred in Northern Ireland in 1996, affecting approximately 2,500 chickens. Some 59,000 in-contact chickens were slaughtered during the outbreak.

  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland how many people have been affected with Newcastle disease in Northern Ireland in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement. [11543]

  Mr. Ancram
  There were no recorded cases of Newcastle disease in humans in Northern Ireland during the last five years.

SOCIAL SECURITY

  Benefits Agency Medical Services
  Mr. Alan Howarth
  To ask the Secretary of State for Social Security (1) if he will(a) place in the Library and (b) circulate to members of the Social Security Committee the draft contract to be issued on 19 December to private sector companies shortlisted for the contractorisation of the Benefits Agency medical services; [10273]

  (2) pursuant to his answer of 11 November, Official Report, columns 87–88, if he will place in the Library the statement of service requirements issued on 20 November to companies shortlisted for the contractorisation of the Benefits Agency medical services. [10272]

  Mr. Burt
  The information requested cannot be provided, as disclosure would prejudice the competitive position of the Department in its negotiations with the shortlisted companies.

  Asylum Seekers
  Mr. Rooney
  To ask the Secretary of State for Social Security if an asylum seeker in receipt of income support is allowed to undertake a full-time course of education or training. [10266]

  Mr. Roger Evans
  Asylum seekers in receipt of income support are subject to the same rules on study as other recipients. However, an asylum seeker who has been granted refugee status may continue to receive benefit for up to nine months while attending a course for more than 15 hours a week to learn English in order to enable him to gain employment, provided that, on the date the course started, he had been in Great Britain for not more than 12 months.

  Pensioner Incomes
  Mr. Frank Field
  To ask the Secretary of State for Social Security if he will publish data on the spread of income of pensioners on the lowest decile of income and the highest decile of income in 1978–79 and 1994–95. [10743]
  408
  Mr. Heald
  The information is in the table. The figures represent the amount of the spread in income of pensioners between the 25th and the 75th percentile of each of the lowest decile and highest decile of the income distribution.

  Inter-quartile range

  1979£

  1994–95£

  Bottom decile

  30.40

  28.20

  Top decile

  116.70

  205.60

  Notes

  1.All estimates are £s per week in July 1994 prices, rounded to the nearest £0.10.

  2.Data for 1979 are based upon an estimate for the calendar year 1979. The 1994–95 estimate is in respect of that financial year.

  3.The estimates refer to all pensioner units. A pensioner unit is defined to be either a single person over state pension age, or a couple where the head, assumed to be the man, is aged over SPA.

  4.The measure of spread provided is the inter-quartile range. which is the difference between the 25th percentile and the 75th percentile of an income distribution. This measure is subject to a large degree of statistical variability.

  Source:

  The pensioners' incomes series 1994–95.

  Jobseeker's Allowance
  Mr. Jim Cunningham
  To ask the Secretary of State for Social Security what were the start-up costs of the information technology system needed to run the jobseeker's allowance payment scheme. [10510]

  Mr. Roger Evans
  The information is set out in the table:

  £million

  Year

  Information Technology Services Agency

  Benefits Agency/ Employment Service

  Total

  1994–95

  2,395

  0,394

  2,789

  1995–96

  15,385

  3,235

  18,620

  1996–97

  7,051

  2,239

  9,290

  Total

  24,831

  5,868

  30.699

  Mr. Cunningham
  To ask the Secretary of State for Social Security what are the estimated annual running costs of the jobseeker's allowance payment scheme. [10511]

  Mr. Evans
  The information is not yet available. However, it is estimated that the annual costs of administering jobseeker's allowance will be broadly similar to those for the previous benefits, unemployment benefit and income support for unemployed people.

  Corporate Date (Access System)
  Mr. Jim Cunningham
  To ask the Secretary of State for Social Security if he will make a statement on the tendering for the new ACCORD—access to corporate data—information technology system. [10512]

  Mr. Burt
  The ACCORD project is intended to deliver, through the private finance initiative, a set of services to support the Department's information systems—information technology strategy.
  409
  A notice was placed in the supplement to the Official Journal of the European Communities on 7 August 1996. A statement of requirement was issued on 2 October to which six responses were received. Following an evaluation of these responses, an announcement was made on 12 December that three bidders would be taken forward to the next stage.

  Following a period of consultation lasting several months, tenders will be invited.

  Child Support
  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Secretary of State for Social Security, pursuant to his answer of 28 November 1996,Official Report, column 400, if he will place in the Library a copy of the version of the draft regulations to which the comments of the president of the Independent Tribunal Service referred. [11045]

  Mr. Roger Evans
  I have placed a copy of the draft regulations in the Library.

  There were some changes made before laying before the House in order to make the drafting clearer and to correct minor drafting errors, as well as amendments following the consultation with the president of the Independent Tribunal Service and the Council on Tribunals.

  Invalidity and Incapacity Benefit (Barrow and Furness)
  Mr. Hutton
  To ask the Secretary of State for Social Security how many people were claiming(a) invalidity benefit and (b) incapacity benefit in the Barrow and Furness parliamentary constituency in each year between 1990 and 1996. [11023]

  Mr. Burt
  The administration of invalidity benefit and incapacity benefit is a matter for Peter Mathison, the chief executive of the Benefits Agency. He will write to the hon. Member.

  Letter from Peter Mathison to Mr. John Hutton, dated 16 January 1997:
  The Secretary of State for Social Security has asked me to reply to your recent Parliamentary Question asking how many people were claiming (a) Invalidity Benefit and (b) Incapacity Benefit in the Barrow and Furness Parliamentary Constituency in each year between 1990 and 1996.
  The information is not available in the format requested. Statistics are kept for Benefits Agency (BA) Districts and not by Parliamentary Constituencies. The BA District Lancaster and South Cumbria consists of the BA offices at Lancaster, Barrow and Kendal. Statistics are not available broken down by BA Districts for 1990 and 1991.
  The available information is shown in the attached table.
  I hope you find this reply helpful.
  410

  Number of customers in receipt of invalidity benefit in the benefit agency district Lancaster and South Cumbria

  Number

  March 1992

  10,633

  March 1993

  10,961

  March 1994

  11,513

  March 1995

  12,076

  March 1996

  112,469

  Figures are provisional and subject to change. Incapacity Benefit replaced Invalidity Benefit on 13 April 1995.

  1 The figure quoted is for Incapacity Benefit cases paid at short term higher rate and long term rate, ie cases from the 29th week of incapacity. This is comparable to Invalidity Benefit.

HEALTH

  General Practitioners
  Mr. Spearing
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health which bodies are responsible for ensuring adequate minimum standards of establishment and functions of deputising services for general practitioners. [10901]

  Mr. Malone
  Health authorities are responsible for ensuring that general practitioners only use deputising services which are of a satisfactory standard.

  NHS Trusts (Patients' Cash)
  Mr. Chris Smith
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health what guidance is given to NHS trusts about cash handed over for safekeeping on admission to the care of the trust. [11243]

  Mr. Horam
  Guidance on safeguarding patients' property formed part of the national health service executive's model standing financial instructions issued to all NHS trusts in 1994. The guidance sets out the trust's responsibility to provide safe custody for money and other personal property handed in by patients.

  Meningitis
  Mr. Cohen
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health what estimate he has made of the number of cases of meningitis in the last three months of 1996; and if he will make a statement. [11064]

  Mr. Horam
  There were 368 laboratory confirmed reports of meningococcal infection by the Public Health Laboratory Service's meningococcal reference laboratory in the last three months of 1996. The latest mid-year to mid-year data show the number of cases in 1996 are currently running very slightly lower than in 1995:

  PHLS confirmed laboratory reports of meningococcal infection

  1 July-22 December 1995

  654

  1 July-22 December 1996

  585

  411
  Meningitis remains a rare, but serious, disease with a peak in the number of cases in children under one year and a second smaller peak in late teenagers. High awareness of the disease and parental alertness remain the best general protection which is why information on meningitis is targeted in these areas. Health visitors provide new parents with the Health Education Authority's leaflet, "A Guide to Childhood Immunisations", which includes advice on recognising the signs and symptoms of meningitis. The Department of Health and the National Meningitis Trust collaborated in providing an information leaflet for parents of small children and teenagers. The HEA also produced a leaflet, "Look out for your mate", targeted at students, which has been very widely distributed to colleges and universities. The Chief Medical Officer recently wrote to all doctors giving up-to-date advice on the early diagnosis of suspected cases of meningococcal infection and on the need for antibiotic treatment and urgent referral to hospital.

  Tuberculosis and Rickets
  Ms Walley
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health what was the incidence of(a) tuberculosis and (b) rickets among those aged 0 to 19 years in each health authority area in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement. [11604]

  Mr. Horam
  Information on the numbers of notifications of tuberculosis is not available in the form requested. The number of notifications to the Office for National Statistics under the Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 1988 are published by local authority district or by age in the publications, "MB2 Communicable Disease Statistics" annually and "MB2 Infectious Disease Statistics" quarterly. Copies are available in the Library. Total notifications for 0 to 19-year-olds for the last five years are:

  Numbers of tuberculosis notifications, excluding chemoprophylaxis, England and Wales, 0 to 19-year-olds

  Tuberculosis notifications

  1992

  730

  1993

  785

  1994

  615

  1995

  631

  1996 (first 39 weeks)

  1429

  1 Provisional.

  The United Kingdom has an excellent record of tuberculosis control and we are determined that this should remain the case through the BCG immunisation programme, treatment of identified cases and screening of their close contacts, screening and treatment for immigrants and active surveillance of tuberculosis.

  Rickets is not a notifiable disease and data are not collected centrally. There are anecdotal reports of rickets in the medical literature, but these tend to be associated with extreme diets and insufficient exposure to sunlight. There is no reliable evidence that rickets is on the increase, and some evidence that rickets which used to be prevalent among Asian communities is now rare. The Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy has established an expert sub-group which is considering the nutritional aspects of bone health in the UK population.

  Child Malnutrition
  Ms Walley
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health what monitoring he has undertaken of the incidence of(a) anaemia, (b) calcium deficiency and (c) vitamin D deficiency among those aged 0 to 19 years. [11605]

  Mr. Horam
  The nutritional status of 0 to 19-year-olds has been monitored by the Government's programme of nutrition and health surveys.

  (a)Anaemia: The prevalence of anaemia has been monitored among young children by the "National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Children Aged 11/2-441/2 years" published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office in 1995; among those aged 18 to 24 years by the "National Diet and Nutrition Survey of British adults" published by HMSO in 1990, and among 16 to 24 year olds by the 1994 Health Survey for England published by HMSO in 1996. No survey has been analysed in respect of the specific age range 0 to 19 years. The results were as follows:

  Prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin below 11.0g/dl)

  Males1 Percentage

  Females2 Percentage

  NDNS 1½ to 4½ years

  7

  9

  NDNS British Adults 18–24 years

  1

  6

  Health Survey for England 16–24 years

  0.2

  2.1

  1 1.0 per cent. below 13g/dl.

  2 7.7 per cent. below 12g/dl.

  (b) Calcium deficiency: There is no clinical condition which can he ascribed to dietary calcium deficiency.
  (c) Vitamin D deficiency: The NDNS of Children aged 1½ to 4½ years found adequate vitamin D status in the general population. A review of reports of rickets, prepared for the panel on maternal and child nutrition of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy, found sporadic cases of rickets among specific groups who follow inappropriately rigid diets, but no evidence of rickets among the general population.

  Vitamin D status has also been measured in the survey, "Asian infant feeding practice". The report is expected to be published later this year. Both the occurrence of anaemia and vitamin D status will be measured in the "National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Young People aged 4 to 18 years", the report of which is expected in 1999. The prevalence of anaemia among 11 to 15 year olds was measured in the "1995 Health Survey for England" which is expected to be published next month.

  Care for the Elderly
  Mr. Alan Howarth
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health if he will update the estimates set out on 22 May 1995,Official Report, column 406, relating to the average cost of keeping an elderly infirm person in a (a) hospital bed, (b) nursing home and (c) residential care home. [10210]

  Mr. Burns
  The Department does not collect information on the average cost for the elderly and infirm of a place in a hospital, residential care home or a nursing home, but the Laing and Buisson market survey estimates, on the basis of the latest survey of independent sector homes, the average fees were £333 and £239 per week at August 1995 for nursing homes and residential care homes, respectively. These figures do not include contributions from individuals' income or from public sources.
  413
  The average cost of keeping an elderly infirm person in a hospital bed has been estimated by the personal social services research unit in "The Unit Cost of Health and Social Care", 1996, to be £114 per in-patient day, or £798 per week at 1995–96 prices.

  In addition, figures on gross expenditure per week by local authorities for each supported resident in residential and nursing homes for the elderly in 1994–95, the latest year for which figures are available are given as item UCO2 and UCO3 in table UI of "Key Indicators of Local Authority Social Services 1996", copies of which are available in the Library.

  NHS hospital and community health services nurses1,2 by regional health authority in England as at September 1979 to 1995

  whole-time equivalents

  19793

  1980

  1981

  1982

  1983

  1984

  1985

  1986

  1987

  England4

  10,700

  10,470

  10,300

  10,120

  10,030

  9,770

  9,930

  9,990

  9,500

  (per 5,000 head of population)

  (1.15)

  (1.13)

  (1.10)

  (1.08)

  (1.07)

  (1.04)

  (1.05)

  (1.06)

  (1.00)

  Northern

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  820

  820

  Yorkshire

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  720

  740

  Trent

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  1,000

  1,000

  East Anglia

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  390

  360

  North-west Thames

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  650

  590

  North-east Thames

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  650

  630

  South-east Thames4

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  720

  480

  South-west Thames

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  660

  620

  Wessex

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  650

  620

  Oxford

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  510

  510

  South Western

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  620

  620

  West Midlands

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  1,060

  1,040

  Mersey

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  520

  530

  North Western

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  1,000

  920

  SHAs and others

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  n/a

  20

  10

  Not included in the figures above:

  General Medical Service Practice nurses5

  990

  1,070

  1,240

  1,450

  1,660

  1,920

  2,210

  2,500

  2,770

  whole-time equivalents

  1988

  1989

  1990

  1991

  1992

  1993

  1994

  1995

  England4

  9,390

  10,160

  10,390

  9,900

  9,650

  9,460

  8,680

  11,360

  (per 5,000 head of population)

  (0.99)

  (1.06)

  (1.08)

  (1.03)

  (1.00)

  (1.00)

  (0.98)

  (1.16)

  Northern

  810

  850

  850

  820

  900

  880

  640

  740

  Yorkshire

  710

  790

  780

  660

  630

  630

  620

  750

  Trent

  1,030

  1,040

  1,010

  980

  930

  850

  820

  1,010

  East Anglia

  370

  370

  350

  350

  330

  320

  300

  610

  North-west Thames

  570

  720

  700

  660

  590

  620

  610

  540

  North-east Thames

  610

  710

  730

  710

  710

  680

  620

  890

  South-east Thames4

  410

  350

  790

  680

  670

  620

  530

  1,070

  South-west Thames

  510

  660

  620

  630

  570

  610

  610

  660

  Wessex

  620

  640

  630

  620

  630

  660

  570

  630

  Oxford

  500

  570

  580

  580

  550

  600

  500

  610

  South Western

  630

  750

  710

  640

  620

  590

  580

  800

  West Midlands

  1,020

  1,100

  1,080

  1,070

  1,060

  1,020

  960

  1,210

  Mersey

  510

  570

  550

  520

  490

  480

  460

  380

  North Western

  980

  1,030

  1,010

  990

  950

  890

  800

  1,250

  SHAs and others

  10

  10

  —

  —

  6—

  6—

  —

  6—

  Not included in the figures above:

  General Medical Service Practice nurses5

  3,480

  4,630

  7,740

  8,780

  9,120

  9,600

  9,100

  9,740

  Notes:

  1 Between 1979 and 1994 district nurses exclude seniors 1–5. Included are senior nurses 6–8 in district nursing, district nurses, district nurse practical work teachers, holders of dual post (DN/Midwife), bank district nurses nd clinical grades C to I in district nursing.

  2 A new classification for non-medical staff was introduced in 1995. Information based on this classification is not directly comparable with earlier years.

  3 Figures for 1979 are not directly comparable with those for later years because of the change in nurses standard working hours in 1980-81 from 40 to 37.5 hours a week.

  District Nurses
  Mr. Kirkwood
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health (1) how many district nurses there were per 5,000 people in each year since 1979; and if he will make a statement; [9774]

  (2) how many district nurses there were in each year since 1979 (a) nationally and (b) by region; and if he will make a statement. [9773]

  Mr. Horam
  The information requested is shown in the tables.
  415
  4 Figures for south-east Thames, and subsequently to a lesser extent the England totals, should be treated with caution. There was evidence of considerable under recording of occupation codes used to allocate staff to a particular area of work in the South-east Thames region in 1989 and several years prior to this.

  5 The decrease in practice nurses in 1994 is due to a non-submission of complete data relating to fundholding practices for certain FHSAs.

  6 Greater than zero but less than five.

  — = Zero.

  n/a = not available.

  Figures are rounded to the nearest 10, consequently, totals may not equal sum of components.

  Sources:

  Department of Health non-medical work force census.

  Department of Health general medical service census.

  Office for National Statistics.

  NHS hospital and community health services district nurses, as defined by new occupation codes, by regional health authority, England, as at 30 September 1995

  1995

  England

  11,380

  (per 5,000 head of population)

  (1.16)

  Northern

  740

  Yorkshire

  750

  Trent

  1,010

  East Anglia

  610

  North-west Thames

  540

  North-east Thames

  890

  South-east Thames

  1,070

  South-west Thames

  660

  Wessex

  630

  Oxford

  610

  South Western

  800

  West Midlands

  1,210

  Mersey

  380

  North Western

  1,250

  SHAs and others

  1—

  Notes:

  A new classification for non-medical staff was introduced in 1995. Information based on this classification is not directly comparable with earlier years.

  Figures are rounded to the nearest 10; consequently, totals may not equal sum of components.

  1 Greater than zero but less than five.

  Source:

  Department of Health annual non-medical work force census Office for National Statistics.

  Personal Social Services
  Mr. Lidington
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health what factors underlay the reduction in the personal social services standard spending assessment for Buckinghamshire county council between 1996–97 and 1997–98. [10681]

  Mr. Burns
  The use of more recent data in the indicators used to calculate the standard spending assessment was the primary cause of a very small reduction in the funding for personal social services in Buckinghamshire county council between 1996–97 and 1997–98. The revised area cost adjustment formula was the main factor. However, the total combined resources provided for social services in Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes increased by £4,748 million from funding provided in 1996–97.

  Operations
  Mr. Chris Smith
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health how many operations were cancelled in(a) each district health authority and (b) each region on the day of
  416
  or day after admission to hospital; and how many of those patients were not readmitted within a month, for the second quarter of 1996. [11676]

  Mr. Horam
  The information will be placed in the Library shortly.

  Sir John Stanley
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health how many(a) heart bypass operations, (b) hip replacements, (c) knee replacements and (d) cataract operations were carried out by the national health service in the latest year for which figures are available; and what were the equivalent figures in 1979. [11258]

  Mr. Horam
  The information is as follows:

  Primary operations: estimated number of ordinary admissions and day cases combined, NHS hospitals, England

  Operation

  1979 discharges and deaths

  1994–95 finished consultant episodes

  Coronary artery by-pass operations1

  n/a

  22,192

  Total hip replacement and other arthroplasty of the hip2

  29,210

  62,510

  Knee replacement operations3

  2,940

  25,340

  Eye lens operations, mainly cataract4

  40,370

  151,785

  Sources:

  1979 Hospital In-Patient Enquiry. 1994–95 Hospital Episode Statistics.

  Notes:

  1979 (OPCS3R).

  1 Not identifiable.

  2 810–811.

  3 812.

  4 170–179.

  1994–95 (OPCS4R).

  1 K40–K46.

  2 W37–W39, W46–W48.

  3 W40–W42.

  4 C71–C72, C74–C75.

  Sir John Stanley
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health how many operations were carried out by the national health service in the latest year for which figures are available; and what was the equivalent figure in 1979. [11261]

  Mr. Horam
  The number of finished consultant episodes where an operation was performed was 5,110,182 in 1994–95. In 1979 the estimated number of spells on a comparable basis where an operation was performed was 2,458,720.

  Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening
  Sir John Stanley
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health how many women received tests for(a) cancer of the cervix and (b) breast cancer, in the latest year for which figures are available; and what were the equivalent figures in 1979. [11257]

  Mr. Horam
  A total of 3.9 million women were tested in 1995–96 for cervical cancer. There is no comparable figure for 1979. The number of cervical smears examined by laboratories in 1979 was 2.6 million compared with 4.6 million in 1995–96. The earliest data available on breast cancer screening show that in 1991–92 0.9 million women were screened. In 1995–96 1.0 million women were screened.

  NHS Expenditure
  Sir John Stanley
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health if he will give the figures for expenditure on the national health service for(a) 1978–79, (b) 1996–97 and (c) 1997–98. [11259]

  Mr. Horam
  The information is as follows:

  National health service total net-ie Government-expenditure (£ million, cash)

  £ million

  1978–79

  6,273

  1996–97 (estimated outturn)

  33,179

  1997–98 (plan)

  34,374

  Patient Statistics
  Sir John Stanley
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health how many patients were treated by the national health service in the latest year for which figures are available; and what was the equivalent figure in 1979. [11260]

  Mr. Horam
  On a comparative basis, there were 6.6 million finished consultant episodes in all hospital specialties in England in the calendar year 1979, compared with 11.2 million in 1995–96.

  Manchester Health Authority
  Mr. Eastham
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health (1) what was the total cost of the consultation process regarding the proposals for the new children's hospital provision for the Manchester area; and from which budget this sum was taken; [11437]

  (2) what has been the additional percentage pay increases awarded to the Manchester health authority management in the current year relative to the average awards made by trusts in the area. [11448]

  Mr. Horam
  A total of £110,000 was set aside from Manchester health authority's consultation budget, which is less than 4p per head of population.

  A pay award to the health authority's managers has yet to be announced, but is expected to be broadly in line with other NHS staff in the city. The pay offers made so far to staff in the Manchester area range from 2 to
  418
  2.75 per cent., including the national pay increase of 2 per cent. from 1 April 1996 with provision for local negotiations for further increases.

  Opencast Coal Mines (Health Hazards)
  Mr. Dobson
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health if he will list the research carried out by his Department, since January 1994, into possible environmental health problems caused by opencast coal operations, indicating(a) the commissioning dates of the investigations, (b) the name of organisations or agencies commissioned to undertake investigations and (c) the expected dates for publication of results; and if he will provide summaries of the investigations undertaken. [11358]

  Mr. Horam
  The Departments of Health and of the Environment commissioned a joint research project on the impact of particulate matter from opencast coal sites on public health in August 1996. The research is being undertaken by the University of Newcastle medical school and the work is expected to be complete in late October 1998. This work is still in its early stages. I will write to the hon. Member with details of what it involves.

  Newcastle Disease
  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health what assessment his Department has made of the possible transfer of Newcastle disease between poultry and other birds and humans; and if he will make a statement. [11552]

  Mr. Horam
  The risk of transmission of Newcastle disease to humans is low, even when handling infected birds. There is no risk of human infection from eating poultry meat.

  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Secretary of State for Health how many people have been affected by Newcastle disease in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement. [11549]

  Mr. Horam
  No human cases of Newcastle disease have been reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service communicable disease surveillance centre in the last five years.

WALES

  Health Service Expenditure
  Mr. Morgan
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales if he will make a statement on the £12.8 milllion included in his Department's 1996–97 expenditure on the national health service in Wales as a repayment by national health service trusts to his Department. [9959]

  Mr. Hague
  The £12.8 million represents the public expenditure cover necessary to enable the trusts to make repayments which effectively cancel out a liability from previous years.

  Meningitis
  Mr. John Owen Jones
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales, pursuant to his answer of 12 December,Official Report, column 338, if his Department assesses the cases of meningitis diagnosed on (a) 16 October, (b) 16 November and (c) 28 November to be unrelated. [9870]
  419
  Mr. Gwilym Jones
  Evidence which became available on 5 December indicates that the three cases were not unrelated.

  Welsh Development Agency
  Mr. Ron Davies
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what have been the objectives of the Welsh Development Agency's redundancy policy with particular reference to the restructuring exercise undertaken since 1994. [11202]

  Mr. Hague
  This is an operational matter for the agency. I have asked the acting chief executive to write to the hon. Member with details. I shall arrange for a copy of the reply to be placed in the Library of the House.

  Water Quality
  Mr. Morgan
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what consultation he has had with the chairman of the Wales committee of the Environment Agency concerning the date for setting water quality objectives for(a) immersion sports, (b) basic aquatic amenities and (c) fisheries. [11608]

  Mr. Hague
  None. My right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for the Environment announced on 7 February 1995,Official Report, column 135, the Government's intention to test the operation of statutory water quality objectives in a limited number of pilot catchments. I am considering the Environment Agency's proposals for objectives for the Cleddau river catchment in Pembrokeshire which was one of those selected for the trial.

  Newcastle Disease
  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales (1) how many recognised outbreaks of Newcastle disease have been recorded on farms in Wales by area in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement; [11558]

  (2) how many (a) chickens, (b) turkeys and (c) other birds have been affected by Newcastle disease in Wales in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement. [11556]

  Mr. Jonathan Evans
  No outbreaks of Newcastle disease have been recorded in Wales in the last five years.

  Mr. Flynn
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales how many people have been affected with Newcastle disease in Wales in each of the last five years; and if he will make a statement. [11557]

  Mr. Jones
  There have been no cases of Newcastle disease in humans in Wales reported to the public health laboratory service communicable disease surveillance centre in the last five years.

  Private Finance Initiative
  Mr. Morgan
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales who will own the APCOA car park and Eastern avenue eastbound on-slip road being constructed under the private finance initiative at the end of the operating lease period. [11609]
  420
  Mr. Hague
  Ownership of the car park will transfer to the University Hospital of Wales Healthcare NHS Trust at the end of 20 years. The on-slip road will remain in the ownership of the trust, with the PFI partner funding the capital costs and a maintenance contract with Cardiff county council under a standard highways agreement for 20 years.

  Cancer Treatment Centre, Bodelwyddan
  Mr. Morgan
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what factors underlie the size of the increase in the prospective annual revenue costs of the north Wales regional cancer treatment centre at Ysbyty Glan Clwyd, Bodelwyddan. [11302]

  Mr. Hague
  The increase in revenue costs from £4.3 million to £5.1 million per annum comprise an increase in capital charges in line with the increase in the capital costs to build and equip the centre, and the addition of a further radio iodine treatment facility.

  Workshop on GP Work Force Planning
  Mr. Morgan
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales if he will make a statement on the workshop on GP work force planning which took place on 15 November 1996; if he will place in the Library a copy of(a) the proposals emanating from the workshop and (b) the summary of the questionnaire on GP retirement intentions. [11303]

  Mr. Hague
  A report of the workshop is being drafted, and a copy will be placed in the Library upon completion.

  Cardiff Bay Barrage
  Mr. Morgan
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what representations he has received from the Land Authority for Wales concerning the non-determination of its planning application for a bird reserve to compensate for the loss of wader winter feeding grounds arising from the Cardiff bay barrage; and if he will make a statement. [11304]

  Mr. Hague
  None. The Land Authority for Wales issued a press notice on 14 January, indicating its intention of appealing to me against Newport borough council's non-determination of the planning application for a wildlife reserve on the Gwent levels. The Planning Inspectorate will be advising me on the appropriate action once the appeal is received.

  Information Technology
  Mr. Morgan
  To ask the Secretary of State for Wales who will own the information technology equipment used in his Department's OSIRIS office automation project at the end of the operating lease period. [11610]

  Mr. Hague
  The OSIRIS contract is let under the private finance initiative and is not a leasing arrangement. Ownership of the equipment after the end of the contract period will rest with Siemens Business Services. The Welsh Office, and any subsequent contractor, has an option to buy the equipment at that time at a price which reflects the fair market value of the assets.

FOREIGN AND COMMONWEALTH AFFAIRS

  European Union
  Mr. Spearing
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs if he will list the number of articles that permit derogations from the obligation for ever closer union in all matters within the scope of each of the respective treaties of the European Union. [10900]

  Mr. David Davis
  The treaty on European Union, like the original treaty of Rome, calls for an ever-closer union"among the peoples of Europe",
  not among the states or their Governments. This aspiration for strengthened co-operation and friendship is fully shared by the Government. Since it does not impose any legal obligation on the member states of the European Union, the question of derogations does not arise.

  Nuclear Weapons
  Mr. Cohen
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what assessment he has made of which countries, currently holding nuclear weapons, are likely to develop a new generation of nuclear weapons. [9671]

  Mr. David Davis
  [holding answer 15 January 1997]: All the nuclear weapon states have signed the comprehensive test ban treaty, which will prohibit any nuclear weapon test explosion and any other nuclear explosion, and thus constrain the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and end the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons.

  EU Legislative Instruments
  Mr. Spearing
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs if he will list the draft and adopted legislative instruments which have been solely based on the articles of the social agreement attached to the social protocol of the treaty on European Union, indicating for each(a) the document numbers and titles, (b) the dates of publication, progress or adoption, (c) the articles and paragraphs of the agreement cited as their base and (d) the opinions or amendments made by the European Parliament; and if he will make a statement on the nature and objectives of further legislation arising from the agreement of which he has received notification and which has not yet been formally presented to the Council of Ministers. [10878]

  Mr. David Davis
  [holding reply of 15 January, 1997]: The following legislation is proposed, or has been adopted, on the basis of the agreement on social policy attached to protocol 14 of the Treaty of European Union:

  European Works Council
  a) Council directive 94/45/EC on the establishment of a European Works Council or a procedure in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups of undertakings for the purposes of informing and consulting employees.
  b) Adopted by the Council on 22 September 1994.
  c) Adopted on the basis of article 2(2) of the agreement on social policy.
  d) European Parliament opinion delivered on 4 May 1994; the European Parliament's second reading on 15 September 1994 suggested eight amendments, of which three were agreed by the Council.
  422
  Parental Leave
  a) Council directive 96/34/EC on the framework agreement on parental leave concluded by Union of Industrial and Employer Confederation of Europe, European Centre of Public Enterprise and the European Trade Unions Congress.
  b) Adopted by the Council on 3 June 1996.
  c) Adopted on the basis of article 4(2) of the agreement on social policy.
  d) European Parliament informed of the proposal.

  Burden of Proof
  a) Commission proposal for a Council directive on the burden of proof in cases of discrimination based on sex. Council document no. 6703/88; COM(96) 340 Final.
  b) Proposal under discussion in the Council.
  c) Proposed on the basis of article 2(2) of the agreement on social policy.
  d) The opinion of the European Parliament is awaited.

  The Commission has initiated consultations with the social partners under the terms of article 4 of the agreement on social policy as to whether there should be legislation in the following two areas:
  the provision of equal statutory rights for atypical workers with their full-time equivalents.
  the application to companies with more than 50 employees of the principles of information and consultation of workers already enshrined in the European Works Council Directive.

  Government Employees Abroad
  Miss Lestor
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what guidelines are provided to British Government employees working in, or visiting, foreign countries in respect of behaviour towards children which under United Kingdom law would be exploitative or abusive with particular reference to countries where local legislation differs substantially from that in the United Kingdom. [11203]

  Mr. Hanley
  There are no specific guidelines in respect of behaviour towards children, but all employees of this Department have a duty to respect British law and, when overseas, local laws. The general principles of conduct are set out in diplomatic service regulations, the civil service management code and in contracts of employment.

  Miss Lestor
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what assessment he has made of the adequacy of the current guidelines provided to British Government employees working in or visiting foreign countries in respect of behaviour towards children which under United Kingdom law would be exploitative or abusive; and if he will make a statement. [11204]

  Mr. Hanley
  There are no specific guidelines in respect of behaviour towards children; but the general principles governing the conduct of employees of this Department accord with the central framework of rules and principles of conduct set out in the civil service management code. These general principles are also set out in the diplomatic service code of ethics which was introduced on 1 January 1996.

  Bougossa Family
  Mr. Ron Davies
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what action he has taken to secure the extradition of Rhaha Bougossa from Tunisia; and if he will make a statement. [11159]
  423
  Mr. Hanley
  The absence of an extradition treaty between the UK and Tunisia precludes action to extradite Mr. Rhaha Bougossa from Tunisia. However, the British embassy in Tunisia has assisted Mr. Bougossa's ex-wife to begin proceedings to pursue through the Tunisian courts her case to obtain custody of her children.

  Mr. Davies
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what representations he has received concerning the abduction to Tunisia of British-born twins Nathan and Adam Bougossa; what action he has taken to date to seek their return to their natural mother in the United Kingdom; and if he will make a statement. [11158]

  Dr. Liam Fox
  We have received representations from Pamela Hamilton, Glenys Kinnock Member of the European Parliament, the hon. Member for East Berkshire (Mr. MacKay) and Mary Banotti, Member of the European Parliament. Our embassy visited the children, helped Mrs. Hamilton to meet senior officials and to lobby the Tunisian President. It also helped her engage solicitors who are trying to obtain a custody order and to arrange further access.

  China
  Mr. Mullin
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what representations he has made to the Government of China regarding Ngaweng Chephel since he was sentenced; and if he will make a statement. [11091]

  Mr. Hanley
  The Chinese authorities are well aware of our concern about the treatment of individuals in Tibet. The sentencing to 18 years imprisonment of Ngawang Choephel was discussed in detail at a recent meeting with our EU partners, and we are now considering with them what action to take.

  Burma
  Sir David Steel
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what advice his Department gave to British Airways before the company began operating tours in Burma. [11172]

  Dr. Liam Fox
  I understand that British Airways does not operate tours in Burma, but that British Airways Holidays does. The latter did not consult the Foreign and Commonwealth Office before starting operations.

  Hong Kong (Vietnamese Boat People)
  Mr. Cohen
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs how many Vietnamese boat people are currently in detention camps in Hong Kong; if the governor will exercise discretionary compassionate powers enabling them to remain in Hong Kong; and if he will make a statement. [11062]

  Mr. Hanley
  As of 16 January this year, 5,836 Vietnamese migrants were held in detention centres in Hong Kong compared with 20,225 on 1 January 1996.

  Hong Kong is working to implement the internationally agreed comprehensive plan of action which provides for the return to Vietnam of all Vietnamese asylum seekers who have been determined to be non-refugees. It remains an important objective of the British and Hong Kong Governments to complete that repatriation process as soon as possible.

  Irish Republic (Agreements)
  Mr. Robert McCartney
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs if he will make it his policy to require the name, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, to be utilised in both his and the Irish Republic's copy of agreements he proposes to sign with that country; and if he will make a statement. [11198]

  Mr. Rifkind
  No. The practice established for signing agreements between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland does not prejudice the status of Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom.

  Caribbean Dependent Territories
  Mr. Porter
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what plans he has for the future constitutional relationship between Her Majesty's Government and the five remaining Caribbean dependent territories; and if he will make a statement. [9906]

  Sir Nicholas Bonsor
  I refer the hon. and learned Member to the answer I gave to the hon. Member for Harborough (Mr. Gamier) on 18 December, columns 676–77.

  Government Communications Headquarters, Cheltenham
  Mr. Meale
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, pursuant to his answer of 9 December 1996,Official Report, column 21, on the relocation of GCHQ, if he will supply the full terms of reference of the study into future accommodation, saying whether these exclude the relocation of any activities currently provided on the Cheltenham sites to (a) new and (b) existing sites outside Cheltenham. [11297]

  Mr. Rifkind
  The terms of reference of the study team are to assess GCHQ's future requirements for accommodation and related services to support its Cheltenham-based personnel, and the issues associated with achieving single site working. The study is intended to lead to a decision on the feasibility and scope of potential private finance initiative solutions to these requirements. Assuming that a single site solution were feasible, one which involved relocation of the Cheltenham-based personnel outside Gloucesterhsire is unlikely to be justifiable on economic grounds.

  Argentina
  Mr. Dalyell
  To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs if he will make a statement on the outcome of his talks with Mr. Guido Di Tella and the Argentine delegation at Chevening on 11 and 12 January. [114501

  Sir Nicholas Bonsor
  The talks at Chevening on 10 and 11 January covered UK-Argentine relations, including the Falklands. The discussions were held on the basis that the UK is not prepared to transfer or share sovereignty over the Falklands. We reiterated that this will remain the UK position. It was agreed that there should be early resumption of full negotiations for a fisheries agreement covering all aspects of the south Atlantic.