Commons Sitting of 24 July 1961

Preamble
The House met at half-past Two o'clock
PRAYERS
[Mr. SPEAKER in the Chair]
PRIVATE BUSINESS
  BRITISH TRANSPORT COMMISSION BILL
    MIDDLESEX COUNTY COUNCIL BILL
    Lords Amendments considered and agreed to.
    SHAKESPEARE BIRTHPLACE, &C., TRUST BILL [Lords]
    Read the Third time and passed, with Amendments.
    POOLE CORPORATION BILL [Lords]
    As amended, considered; to be read the Third time.
    TEESSIDE RAILLESS TRACTION BOARD (ADDITIONAL ROUTE) PROVISIONAL ORDER BILL
    Lords Amendment considered and agreed to.
    GLASGOW CORPORATION ORDER CONFIRMATION BILL
    Considered; to be read the Third time Tomorrow.
ORAL ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
  COAL

    Small Mines
    Mr. Speirasked the Minister of Power if, in view of the manpower shortages existing in areas of deep mines, lie will give a general direction to the National Coal Board to increase the number of licences to open or extend work at small mines, many of which are situated in areas where there is substantial or potential unemployment.
    The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Power (Mr. J. C. George): No, Sir. The licensing of small mines is the statutory responsibility of the National Coal Board. My right hon. Friend understands that though the Board's main concern must be the need for the output from a proposed mine, it is ready to take the local employment situation into account in considering applications.
    Mr. Speir: Does my hon. Friend realise that that is a very unsatisfactory reply, that the situation is most absurd because the Minister is continually worried about the manpower situation in the mines, and yet here in the hill villages of Northumberland and Cumberland the miners are denied the right to work because the Coal Board will not issue these licences? Could my hon. Friend consult with his right hon. Friend and ask the Chairman of the National

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    Coal Board to look into this question again, particularly in these special areas?
    Mr. George: Section 36 of the Coal Industry Nationalisation Act gives the Board, and not the Minister, power to license coal mines. I have already said that the Board is ready to consider the local employment situation when deciding whether or not a licence should be issued. I am certain that if my hon. Friend has a special case in mind the Chairman of the National Coal Board will be very glad to discuss it with him.

    Manpower, Scotland
    Mr. Emrys Hughesasked the Minister of Power to what extent there is now a shortage of manpower in the coal mines of Scotland; and what success has been achieved in recruitment of young workers to the mining industry in Scotland.
    The Minister of Power (Mr. Richard Wood): Individual pits may occasionally be short, particularly of skilled craftsmen. In the first 27 weeks of the year, the National Coal Board recruited 1,055 juveniles, compared with 878 in the same period last year.
    Mr. Hughes: Can the Minister tell us whether there is still a shortage and whether he proposes to carry on a similar recruiting drive to attract young men into the mines as the Secretary of State for War is doing to attract them into the Army?
    Mr. Wood: There is a shortage, as I have said in my answer, but I do not think the hon. Gentleman need yet be unduly depressed by the slow results flowing from his recruitment campaign at Eton College last February. There may be results in time.
    In all areas the position of craftsmen is difficult, and Scotland is no exception, but frankly the manpower situation in Scotland causes me rather less anxiety than the manpower position in other parts of the country.
    Mr. B. Taylor: Can the Minister say to what extent craftsmen are leaving the mining industry?
    Mr. Wood: I could not without notice. If the hon. Gentleman will put down a Question I will do my best to answer it, but the craftsman position is causing anxiety.

    Steel Company of Wales (Coal Supplies)
    Mr. Nabarroasked the Minister of Power what is the result of his conversations with the chairman of the National Coal Board with regard to the supply of appropriate Welsh coking coals to the Steel Company of Wales at prices competitive with United States Virginian coals offered, in order to obviate the issue of an import licence; and whether he will make a statement.
    Mr. Wood: I have been having general conversations with the chairman. The President of the Board of Trade hopes to make an announcement about the application by the Steel Company of Wales before the Summer Recess.
    Mr. Nabarro: Is my right hon. Friend aware that, having regard to the grave balance of payments difficulties and similar troubles of present circumstances, it would be incalculable folly to bring in American coal when, by a little intelligent manipulation, on commercial standards, of the present price structure of the Board adequate coking coal could be available from opencast and from deep pits in South Wales to meet the somewhat diminished demands of the Steel Company of Wales? Will he advise the President of the Board of Trade accordingly, giving support, of course, to the views I have put to him this afternoon?
    Mr. Wood: My hon. Friend will realise that this is a wide subject and that he has raised one aspect of it. I assure him that the matters he has raised have been very much in the mind of my right hon. Friend for quite a few weeks.
    Mr. J. Griffiths: Will the Minister, in consultation with the President of the Board of Trade, realise that, if by any chance the Government gave this permission, it would have a serious effect upon the view which the men take about the future of the industry in South Wales and aggravate an already serious manpower position?
    Mr. Wood: I take note of that view expressed by the right hon. Gentleman.
    Mr. M. Foot: In view of the fact that the Government will probably say "No" to this request of the Steel Company of Wales, why have they taken such

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    a long time to make up their mind on such a simple matter?
    Mr. Wood: It is not a simple matter at all. In fact, there are a great many considerations which have to be balanced. I shall not anticipate my right hon. Friend's statement, which, as I say, will be made in the next week or two.
    Mr. Blyton: Does not the Minister consider, seeing that the steel industry had the benefit when we were importing coal from America and selling it at the inland price, that it is rather impudent and unpatriotic now for it to seek to obtain cheap American coal at the expense of British industry?
    Mr. Wood: I seem to remember most of these considerations being brought to my attention about a month ago.

    Stocks
    Mr. Doughtyasked the Minister of Power (1) what are the present stocks of coal and manufactured fuels suitable for domestic use; and whether he is satisfied that the supply of such coal and fuel is sufficient to ensure that there will be no shortage in the coming winter, both in smokeless zones and elsewhere;
    (2) what are the present stocks of boiler fuel in England; and whether he is satisfied that the supply of such fuel is sufficient to ensure that there will be no shortage in the coming winter.
    Mr. George: On 8th July, merchants' and producers' stocks were 1·8 million tons house coal, and over 8 million tons coke, anthracite and boiler fuel, and 200,000 tons other manufactured fuels. Notwithstanding these stocks, there is always the possibility of local delays or shortages through winter delivery difficulties, and I advise consumers who can do so to stock now.
    Mr. Doughty: Does my hon. Friend expect that those stocks will be sufficient to tide us over a winter, which, for all we know, may be a very cold one?
    Mr. George: Stocks at the moment stand comparison with stocks at this time last year. What will happen between now and winter is problematical. I have said that those who can afford to buy stocks should do so now.
    Mr. Skeetasked the Minister of Power whether he is satisfied with the steps being taken to encourage the public to stock solid fuel this summer so as to avoid delivery delays next winter; and if he will make a statement.
    Mr. Wood: Both the National Coal Board and other producers of domestic fuels have announced special price reductions for the summer period in order to encourage stocking. It is most important that merchants and consumers should take full advantage of these reductions and stock as much fuel as they can. Good stocks in merchants' yards and consumers' cellars are the best safeguard against delivery delays next winter.
    Mr. Skeet: Will my right hon. Friend consider in publicity such a matter as "gimmick" advertising which has been so successful in the gas industry and which might help to put the thing across, quite apart from any summer price incentives?
    Mr. Wood: I shall not do any advertising myself, but I shall bring my hon. Friend's ideas to the attention of the Coal Board.

    Anthracite Grains
    Mr. E. Johnsonasked the Minister of Power if he is aware of the shortage of anthracite grains 1A, a smokeless fuel, in central Norfolk; and what action he is taking to remedy the shortage.
    Mr. George: There is a strong demand for this quality of grain and the National Coal Board is having difficulty in meeting all demands quickly. Where there are difficulties, the Board does its best to offer a satisfactory alternative.
    Mr. Johnson: Is my hon. Friend aware that my hon. Friend the Member for Norfolk, Central (Mr. Collard)—who unfortunately cannot be here as he is convalescing after an illness—has received many bitter complaints about this problem? Does he recall that my hon. Friend wrote to him last year about it, and can he do any more to speed up delivery of this type of fuel?
    Mr. George: The Board can offer lower grades of anthracite grain. Heavy capital expenditure has been incurred in South Wales in providing for future

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    increases of output. That capital expenditure is now making a small contribution to output, and the contribution should steadily increase.

    Miners
    Mr. Emrys Hughesasked the Minister of Power if, in view of the number of miners leaving the mining industry, he will give a general direction to the National Coal Board to offer a bonus payment to encourage miners to stay in the mines similar to that which is proposed to be paid to soldiers to retain them in the Army.
    Mr. Wood: No, Sir. Conditions in the industry should be dealt with by negotiation.
    Mr. Hughes: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that the Secretary of State for War is offering £200 to retain the services of young men in the Army? Does not he think that from the point of view of the national interest it is just as important to keep young men in the mines as it is in the Army?
    Mr. Wood: After the study which the hon. Gentleman has made of the Army and the mining industry, I am sure that he will have noticed certain differences between the two organisations. This is not, in fact, a matter for me. One difference is that perhaps the discipline attached to the recent bounty award might appear irksome to some people working in the mining industry.

  MINISTRY OF POWER

    Cross-Channel Electricity Cable
    Mr. Nabarroasked the Minister of Power when the cross-Channel electricity cable will start to operate; what is the capacity; what economies will result in capital investment in the electricity supply industry and to the consumer; and whether he will make a statement.
    Mr. George: The cross-Channel cable is expected to be working commercially before the end of the year; its capacity will be 160 mega Watts; the capital saving from its installaton will be about £3,400,000, but this economy will not significantly reduce the average price to the consumer.
    Mr. Nabarro: Will not my hon. Friend agree that the reduction of capital costs in the electricity supply industry, which is the most voracious of all the nationalised industries in the matter of capital investment, should occupy his attention continuously, with a view to the expansion of these cross-Channel cable facilities, and will he consider them in the context also of a Channel tunnel?
    Mr. George: I have no doubt that when experience has been gained in the working of this cable and the exchange of electricity between the two countries the matter will be further studied. The question of a Channel tunnel is not one for my right hon. Friend.

    Methane
    Mr. Woofasked the Minister of Power what volume of liquid methane has been imported during the past 12 weeks.
    Mr. Wood: None, Sir.
    Mr. Woof: Is the Minister prepared to make a statement to the House on the proposal sent to him by the Gas Council? Further, could he define as clearly as possible what expectations his Department has received from the National Coal Board of the result of importing methane gas produced by coal in order to benefit both industries?
    Mr. Wood: This is a complicated matter. As the hon. Gentleman knows, I have received proposals from the Gas Council which I am considering. The competitive ability of the Coal Board to produce coal for the making of gas is one of the matters which I am taking into consideration. What I have promised to do is to make a statement to the House when I have reached a decision and to tell the House of the factors on which my decision was based.
    Mr. Gunter: Is it likely that a statement will be made on this subject before the House rises?
    Mr. Wood: I think it most unlikely.

    Durham Coalfield (Gasification Plant)
    Mr. Woofasked the Minister of Power what financial authority he has given to the Gas Council for the installation in the Durham coalfield of a Lurgi-type gasification plant.
    Mr. Wood: None has been sought or given.
    Mr. Woof: Is the Minister prepared to give serious consideration to the establishment of a Lurgi plant in the North-East if the Lurgi system proves an economic proposition? Further, does he appreciate the importance of the time factor to the Coal Board in the practical economics of operating Lurgi plants, especially when the Coal Board is to review its finances as a consequence of the Government's recent White Paper on the Financial and Economic Obligations of the Nationalised Industries?
    Mr. Wood: I shall give consideration to the setting up of further Lurgi plants if the Lurgi process turns out to be fully competitive, but it would be dishonest of me to raise too much the hon. Gentleman's hopes about Lurgi plants being built in Durham because, as I understand it, the qualities of Durham coal are not thought most likely to be very suitable for the Lurgi process.
    Mr. Skeet: Before giving consent to such proposals as the Lurgi project, will my right hon. Friend consider the advisability of (1) importing methane, and (2) the cracking of suitable petroleum feed stocks imported into the United Kingdom, which would produce gas at an economic price?
    Mr. Wood: I am considering broadly the methane proposals, the use of petroleum feed stocks and the Lurgi process, all as part of one consideration.
    Mr. Blyton: Does the Minister realise that the proposed imports of methane are to come from some of the most politically unstable parts of the Middle East? There is trouble now in Algeria and Tunis. May we have an assurance that he will not sanction the import of methane until he knows the results of the studies made by the Gas Council and the Coal Board as to the success of the Lurgi process?
    Mr. Wood: I could not go so far as to say that I shall definitely wait for the outcome of the studies, but I shall certainly wait until I am myself satisfied about the comparative merits of the different ways of making gas here.

    Apprenticeships, Scotland
    Mr. W. Hamiltonasked the Minister of Power whether, in view of the shortage of apprenticeships in Scotland generally, and in Fife in particular, he will take steps to ensure that the coal, gas, and electricity undertakings play their full part towards a solution of this problem.
    Mr. Wood: The coal and gas industries in Scotland have well established schemes for apprenticeship training, and are increasing substantially the number of apprentices. My right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Scotland tells me that the two Scottish Electricity Boards are also playing their full part.
    Mr. Hamilton: The Minister would agree, would he not, that that is a rather vague answer to the quite specific Question on the Order Paper? Does he recognise that there are very limited opportunities in Scotland generally and in Fife in particular for apprentice training? What steps is he taking, in conjunction with the nationalised industries, to ensure that these opportunities are fairly spread? In view of the very limited opportunites in Scotland, is he satisfied that Scotland is getting its fair share of apprenticeships?
    Mr. Wood: I will certainly bring to the notice of the nationalised boards the importance of spreading these opportunities. The hon. Gentleman indicated that he was a little dissatisfied with my Answer. Perhaps a rather more satisfactory answer was given in "Signposts for the Sixties", which, perhaps, he has read. It stated:
    "The nationalised industries are making a magnificent response."

  MINISTRY OF AVIATION

    London Airport (Terminal Building)
    Sir A. V. Harveyasked the Minister of Aviation when he anticipates completion of the terminal building for international traffic at London Airport.
    The Minister of Aviation (Mr. Peter Thorneycroft): The first part of the new passenger terminal for long-haul services should be completed during October and the remainder next spring.
    Sir A. V. Harvey: Can my right hon. Friend say whether, when this long overdue building is completed, all motor traffic will be able to drop passengers at the door of the building instead of leaving them across the road, as is the case with the other building at the Central Airport?
    Mr. Thorneycroft: I will bear in mind what my hon. Friend has said. I do not want to commit myself in advance of knowing what the traffic will be at Heathrow by saying just where everyone will go.

    Gatwick Airport (Runway Facilities)
    Sir A. V. Harveyasked the Minister of Aviation what steps he is taking to enlarge and improve the runway facilities at Gatwick Airport.
    Mr. Thorneycroft: Gatwick Airport was designed for use by short and medium haul services and not for the heavier long haul aircraft taking off at their maximum all-up weight. It would be uneconomic to duplicate the facilities which have been provided at Heathrow for regular long haul services.
    To meet the requirements of short and medium haul aircraft at Gatwick, I have recently increased the distance available for take-off at the western end of the existing runway. I have also asked consulting engineers to survey and make an estimate of the cost and time required for the construction of a second runway.
    Sir A. V. Harvey: Is my right hon. Friend aware that when heavy jet aircraft are diverted to Gatwick Airport they have to take off with an insufficient load of fuel to complete their journey, which necessitates another landing fee, well over £100? Is it right that a country which is as important in the world as Britain as an air centre should have only one major airport in the south of England which will take the heaviest aircraft?
    Mr. Thorneycroft: There is a certain confusion here. A fully-loaded medium-range jet can, of course, take off from Gatwick. That is what it is designed for. It is also possible to divert for landing purposes a trans-Atlantic jet, but a trans-Atlantic jet cannot take off fully-loaded. For that purpose it has to go back to Heathrow. As the Estimates Committee suggested the other day, there is a case
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    for reducing the landing fee for a transfer of that kind, That would be much cheaper than trying to duplicate Heathrow.
    Mr. Gourlay: Has the Minister's attention been drawn to Recommendation No. 25 of the Estimates Committee and to the paragraph in the Report which urges the Minister to make provision to enable jet aircraft to take off fully loaded from Gatwick, If this is not done, the principle of having a secondary or alternative airport to Heathrow is completely nullified.
    Mr. Thorneycroft: I will consider very carefully what is, I am sure, an admirable Report. I do not wish to give an answer now, but I should like to make it clear beyond peradventure that Gatwick is not an alternative to Heathrow. That is the starting point for fully-loaded trans-Atlantic traffic. There are many other things that we would do before we did what has been suggested.
    Mr. Doughty: Traffic is heavy, not only across the Atlantic, but to Australia, Africa and the rest of the world. Is it not high time that a large number of services went from Gatwick instead of from Heathrow, which is already overcrowded?
    Mr. Thorneycroft: Heathrow is overcrowded, not with long distance jets but with medium and short haul jets. There might be a case for transferring some of those to Gatwick. I do not wish to debate the matter in detail now. If my hon. Friend likes to have a word with me, I am sure that I can persuade him of the justice of my case.

    London Airport (Advertisement)
    Mr. Rankinasked the Minister of Aviation when the contract to advertise whisky at the main terminal building of London Airport expires and if he proposes to renew it.
    The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Aviation (Mr. Geoffrey Rippon): The contract is for a period of twelve months from 19th May, 1961, and thereafter subject to cancellation on six months' notice. The renewal or termination of the contract will be considered at the appropriate time.
    Mr. Rankin: Is the hon. Gentleman aware that I am not averse to advertising good Scotch whisky? However, does he realise that this advertisement would harmonise better with the Mardi gras than with the dignity of a great airport like London Airport, which is the European gateway to Britain and the American gateway to Europe?
    Mr. Rippon: I am glad to hear of the hon. Gentleman's tastes. I am aware of the differing views which have been expressed about the merits of this advertisement.
    Mr. Strachey: I am not averse to advertising in general, or to this particular product, but it does seem a pity that this advertisement should be in this place. Will not the Parliamentary Secretary, and the Minister, too, consider the matter again, because this advertisement gives a very unfortunate impression?
    Mr. Rippon: I am sure that when the time for renewal comes the views which have been expressed will be borne in mind.

    Space Research
    Mr. Biggs-Davisonasked the Minister of Aviation what contribution will be made by oversea Commonwealth countries to the European space research project.
    Mr. Thorneycroft: The Australian Government have offered to make the Woomera Range and its facilities available to the proposed European organisation for developing a space vehicle launcher.
    Mr. Biggs-Davison: I thank my right hon. Friend for that Answer. Despite Canadian commitments to the United States, partly due to the long delay in starting our own project, are there not Canadians of science and skill and other Commonwealth citizens in countries such as India who can help us?
    Mr. Thorneycroft: I am sure that there are Commonwealth citizens who could help us and who would be very welcome. The Commonwealth Governments have been kept fully informed. I think that, on the whole, it is unlikely that, apart from Australia, they will be participating directly.

    Turnhouse Airport, Edinburgh
    Mr. Stodartasked the Minister of Aviation whether the work at present being carried out on the runways and buildings at Turnhouse Airport, Edinburgh, will be completed by 1st August as originally scheduled.
    Mr. Rippon: The runway works will be complete, and although the new buildings will not be fully ready, Turn-house will re-open, and East Fortune will be closed, on 1st August.
    Mr. Stodart: Is my hon. Friend aware of the disappointment which is felt in Edinburgh owing to the failure to have the building ready? Can he say whether there was a contract for the building to be finished by 1st August? Was a penalty clause attached to the contract? If so, has it been broken? Finally, will my hon. Friend make clear in the House that any inconvenience that may be suffered is in no part due to British European Airways?
    Mr. Rippon: I am not aware of the precise terms of the contract, but I will write to my hon. Friend on that paint. The architect expects the work to be completed substantially by the end of August.

    Helicopter Stations, London Area
    Mr. Doddsasked the Minister of Aviation if he is yet able to publish the Report of the Committee on the Planning of Helicopter Stations in the Landon Area; and if he will make a statement.
    Mr. Thorneycroft: In its first Report, the Committee recommended three possible sites for the operation of regular services with large scale helicopters: Nine Elms Goods Yard, Cannon Street Station roof and St. Katharine Docks. Detailed technical and economic studies are continuing.
    Meanwhile, as the Report contains much of public interest, I have decided to publish it, together with a Supplementary Report recently completed by the Committee on the possibility of operating helicopters from the roofs of high buildings. Copies will be available in the Vote Office today.
    Mr. Dodds: In thanking the right hon. Gentleman for that information, may I ask him to bear in mind that we had

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    another Report, a very optimistic one, from the Inter-Departmental Committee on Helicopters, in 1951, and that we are still awaiting developments from then? Can the Minister now say that there is hope of getting a helicopter landing station in London itself? As he is aware, many provincial towns have for years earmarked sites and it is London that is holding things up.
    Mr. Thorneycroft: We must never lose hope. I share the hon. Member's view that it is clear that helicopters will play a part in city to city travel in the future. I urge hon. Members to read this Report. As a preliminary to further discussion, it would be very useful.
    Mr. Strachey: Will the Minister keep in mind the noise question? It is of great importance and we are all anxious to see helicopters in city centres if possible, but not at the sacrifice of the peace of mind of the citizens
    Mr. Thorneycroft: If the hon. Member reads the Report, he will see that the noise question figures prominently in it, both as to the contribution which can be made by the manufacturers and the operators, as well as the problems of where to site the heliport.

    Airports (Noise Abatement)
    Mr. Rankinasked the Minister of Aviation whether he has studied the recommendations of the International Air Transport Association on noise abatement at airports and other contingent matters; and if he will make a statement on their practicability.
    Mr. Rippon: Yes, Sir. We are grateful for the work which the International Air Transport Association has carried out on this subject, and we agree with many of its recommendations. A number of the proposals are still being studied and trials are being made of procedures after take-off which will help to reduce still further the disturbance over built-up areas
    Mr. Rankin: Does the hon. Gentleman agree with the recommendations that airports should be good neighbours and community assets? Does he also agree with the recommendation which states that his Department should provide all-weather ground facilities so that pilots should be able to use minimum noise
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    flight paths when coming into and leaving airports?
    Mr. Rippon: I certainly agree that airports should be community assets, and we are carrying out trials based on the recommendations concerning minimum noise standards. What we cannot accept is suggestions for relaxation of our present standards of noise.
    Mr. Rankin: Does the hon. Gentleman further agree that noise-critical areas ought not to be developed as housing areas?
    Mr. Rippon: We certainly keep in touch with the planning authorities on that sort of matter.
    Mr. Strachey: Does the Parliamentary Secretary agree that he should pay great attention to the second point raised by my hon. Friend concerning the noise of aircraft coming in, which is often neglected, as compared with the noise of aircraft taking off? It is aircraft coming in which make the noise spread over wide areas of cities of great importance.
    Mr. Rippon: I quite agree.

  HOSPITALS

    Obstetrics (Report)
    Mr. K. Lewisasked the Minister of Health what comments he has received from regional hospital boards and hospital management committees upon the Report of the Standing Maternity and Midwifery Advisory Committee of the Central Health Services Council dealing with human relations in obstetrics; and how many replies have indicated opposition to the recommendations of the Report.
    The Minister of Health (Mr. J. Enoch Powell): Comments from boards are not due before 30th September, nor reports from committees before the end of this month. I will make the results public when they are to hand.
    Mr. Lewis: Does my right hon. Friend not agree that one of the greatest difficulties in providing the best possible service in our hospitals is the shortage of nurses? Does he not think that the Committee took this matter too little into account in its recommendations and findings? Will my right hon. Friend

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    make representations to the General Nursing Council to reduce the starting age for the training of nurses, because this might enable us to get more nurses and to put right some of the deficiencies which were pointed out by the Committee?
    Mr. Powell: My hon. Friend's second point is a separate one. As regards the first, I believe that the Committee was right to place its main emphasis on the better use of trained staff, particularly nurses and midwives.

    Royal Gwent Hospital
    Mr. Abseasked the Minister of Health when it is intended to place for contract part one of phase one of the building programme of the Royal Gwent Hospital; and when it is anticipated that the six operating theatres and maternity units included within this phase will be completed.
    The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health (Miss Edith Pitt): The whole of stage one should go to tender next year and be finished about 1965.
    Mr. Abse: Does not the Parliamentary Secretary recognise the serious need of bringing this work forward and being able to get on with it, in view of the fact the existing operating theatres are described as hazardous by surgeons in charge of them? Cannot something be done to expedite this work?
    Miss Pitt: I am aware of the need; we have discussed it in previous Questions. As, however, the hon. Member will know, it was at first thought that two major developments at this hospital would fulfil the need. To provide a fully adequate and satisfactory service, however, it was subsequently agreed that the whole of the hospital must be redeveloped, and it will take from three to four years to complete this phase.
    Mr. Abseasked the Minister of Health whether work has now been commenced on the two temporary huts intended to be constructed for the casualty department at the Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport; and when they will be completed.
    Miss Pitt: Construction will begin on 1st October and should be finished by 1st April, 1962.
    Mr. Abse: I am obliged.

    Geriatric Units
    Lord Balnielasked the Minister of Health when it is expected that the Hospital Design Unit will be able to make available to the regional hospital boards designs for standardised geriatric units which can be built quickly and economically.
    Mr. Powell: The Design Unit produces building notes on the planning of various departments, including chronic sick wards, and is studying standard component parts which might be suitable for many types of hospital building. It is not proposed to design standard hospital departments.
    Lord Balniel: Can my right hon. Friend look at this matter again? In view of the need for large-scale rebuilding of geriatric units, the production of standardised designs for complete units might be very helpful. Will he also consider asking the Design Unit to look at the need for standardised designs for units for the younger chronic sick persons suffering from disseminated sclerosis?
    Mr. Powell: This is certainly a matter which one must continue to study and experiment with. My view at present, however, is that a standardised design for a whole department might have to be so much modified in different hospitals that it would not be very helpful. It is more useful to standardise the component parts rather than the whole department.

    Starcross and Calderstones Mental Hosptals
    Mr. Doddsasked the Minister of Health what is the number of patients at the Starcross and Calderstones mental hospitals; and how many of the patients at each of these hospitals which formerly only accommodated compulsorily detained patients are now informal patients as a result of being reclassified under the new Mental Health Act.
    Mr. Powell: At 14th July, 1,040 out of 1,148 patients at Starcross and 1,323 out of 1,896 patients at Calderstones were informal. Of these, 14 and 516, respectively, were made informal since 1st November, 1960.
    Mr. Dodds: Does not the Minister agree that this is a remarkable transformation, because before the passing of the Act these patients were compulsorily detained but are now, being informal patients, more or less free? Does he not think that there is a need to look into these figures, because it is being said that patients are being reclassified much too early? If that is not true, does he not appreciate what a terrible scandal it was that prior to the Act these people were compulsorily detained?
    Mr. Powell: As the hon. Member knows, both practice and law in this matter have changed, but I think it would help to put the matter in perspective if I were to point out that classification as informal, of which I gave figures in my reply, has been taking place since the beginning of 1958, and it has been progressive over the lash three or four years.

    Davyhulme Park Hospital (Death)
    Sir S. Storeyasked the Minister of Health if he has considered the recommendation of the jury at the inquest upon Clifford Daly, who died at Davyhulme Park Hospital from heart failure due to high temperature following a heat stroke, that serious thought should be given to installing ventilation equipment in the operating theatres; and whether he will now expedite the capital development of the ancillary service units at this hospitals, including the operating theatres.
    Mr. Powell: The hospital management committee is considering urgently what action is called for.
    Sir S. Storey: While thanking my right hon. Friend for the answer to the first part of my Question, may I ask him to answer the second part? Is he aware that the hospital management committee has been pressing the regional hospital board for certain improvements in the ancillary services of this hospital for the last twelve years, and that under present plans they are not to be commenced for ten years or completed for sixteen? Will he expedite them?
    Mr. Powell: There is no need for any of the improvements which may be found necessary as a result of this to wait upon other capital expenditure.
    Sir S. Storey: That does not answer my Question. Will my right hon. Friend
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    expedite capital expenditure on the hospital improvements which have been awaited for a long time and which, under present plans, are not to be started for ten years?
    Mr. Powell: These will have to take their place in the long-term plan which is under consideration at the moment. I have not arrived at my own decision as to the timing of these improvements.

    Admissions, Cornwall
    Mr. Haymanasked the Minister of Health to what extent the admission of Cornish residents to hospitals is being delayed because beds are occupied by visitors to the county who have been injured in road accidents.
    Miss Pitt: I regret that I have no figures which would enable me to answer the hon. Member's Question.
    Mr. Hayman: Will the Parliamentary Secretary institute an inquiry? This question was raised at a recent meeting of the West Cornwall Hospital Management Committee, when the county medical officer of health said:
    "We are having more casualties over a longer period. They begin to rise earlier each year."
    I can assure the hon. Lady that this is not a new problem.
    Miss Pitt: It would take a very considerable amount of time and money to conduct a detailed analysis such as the hon. Member suggests. I am aware of the problem of accidents; it is not peculiar to Cornwall but applies to all holiday resorts, and it is a seasonal problem.
    Mr. G. Wilson: Is my hon. Friend aware that I myself was an inmate of a Cornish hospital for eight months as a result of a road accident in the summer, and would she not agree that many patients in our hospitals are local residents?
    Miss Pitt: Yes, but it is impossible to distinguish the figures. I am glad that my hon. Friend responded to the treatment available for him.
    Mr. Hayman: Because of the unsatisfactory nature of the reply, I propose to take the earliest opportunity of raising the matter on the Adjournment.

    New Hospital, Truro
    Mr. Haymanasked the Minister of Health when tenders are to be invited for the new area hospital at Truro; and when work on it will begin.
    Mr. Powell: I look forward to laying the foundation stone next May.
    Mr. Hayman: Will the Minister explain the delay, because at the end of November last he said in this House that the working drawings of the first phase would be completed by the end of December and the bills of quantities would be ready by May of this year? Why is there to be a delay of twelve months in the laying of the foundation stone?
    Mr. Powell: The laying of the foundation stone does not follow immediately upon the completion of the bills of quantities. I am satisfied that this is going ahead so as to enable me to lay the stone next spring.

    Physiotherapists
    Mr. K. Robinsonasked the Minister of Health what reply he has made to the request of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy for an independent inquiry into the salary structure of physiotherapists.
    Miss Pitt: My right hon. Friend has informed the Society that he considers the present negotiating machinery is appropriate for settling the pay and conditions of service of physiotherapists in the National Health Service.
    Mr. Robinson: Is it not clear that the physiotherapists do not think so? Is the hon. Lady aware that they have no confidence that this machinery will look at the salary structure afresh in order, for example, to fix the appropriate rate for student teachers in physiotherapy, of whom there is a very acute shortage, leading to a very serious situation in the Health Service?
    Miss Pitt: This negotiating machinery was set up with the agreement of both sides at the inception of the National Health Service. It has served this profession and other comparable professions in the Service. I think that there is a claim in for increases for physiotherapist teachers.
    Mr. B. Taylor: Is the hon. Lady aware that there is growing discontent amongst chartered physiotherapists about their salary scales? Cannot something be done to expedite this matter?
    Miss Pitt: There was an increase in salary effective from 1st January, 1961, of 5 per cent. for this profession and other allied professions.
    Mr. Marsh: Is the hon. Lady aware that the increase to which she has referred was negotiated specifically without prejudice to the right of the staff concerned to ask for a re-examination of the negotiating machinery? Does she not recollect that when there was similar discontent among clerical staffs some years ago the Minister set up a Committee under Sir Noel Hall which did a great deal to offset criticism?
    Miss Pitt: I see no reason for assuming that the present machinery is not adequate. I do not think that we could take physiotherapists in isolation, because there are other similar ancillary services in the National Health Service.

    Hospital Services (Cost)
    Mr. K. Robinsonasked the Minister of Health if he will state in percentage terms the increased revenue cost of the hospital services in 1960–61 compared with 1955–56, ignoring wage, price and related increases and functions transferred from other departments.
    Mr. Powell: About 11 per cent.
    Mr. Robinson: Is not this a rather different picture from the picture given by the right hon. Gentleman at the time of the Health Service debate some months ago? Does he think that an expansion in the Health Service of 2 per cent, per annum is adequate?
    Mr. Powell: The hon. Gentleman falls into the error of equating expansion with increase in expenditure. A good deal of improvement and expansion goes on by way of increased efficiency, so this figure does not represent the full improvement in the Service over the last five years.
    Sir G. Nicholson: Has my right hon. Friend noticed what the Plowden Committee said about the hospital services?
    Mr. Powell: Yes.

    Southmead Hospital, Bristol
    Mr. McLarenasked the Minister of Health whether he is aware of the need for new residential accommodation for medical officers and students at South-mead Hospital, Bristol; what proposals there are for the construction of such accommodation; and when building will begin.
    Mr. Powell: Yes, Sir, The South-Western Regional Hospital Board gives this high priority in its capital programme, but I cannot yet announce a starting date.
    Mr. McLaren: Will my right hon. Friend bear in mind that the population of the area which this hospital serves has increased very rapidly, which imposes an additional burden on the hospital? Could new accommodation be provided by a centrally financed scheme?
    Mr. Powell: The answer to the first part of my hon. Friend's supplementary question is, "Yes". The answer to the second part is that the plans for meeting this need will form part of the overall ten-year plan on which I am engaged.

  MINISTRY OF HEALTH

    Barbiturate Drugs
    Lieut.-Colonel Cordeauxasked the Minister of Health what steps are taken to warn persons for whom barbiturate drugs are prescribed that it is dangerous to consume alcohol within a short time of the taking of such drugs.
    Miss Pitt: This is a matter for the doctor, who is reminded in both the British National Formulary and the Comprehensive Handbook on Prescribing of the need to warn the patient.
    Lieut.-Colonel Cordeaux: Does my hon. Friend recall that in an Answer which she gave me on 17th April it was shown that the number of deaths which had been caused by a combination of alcohol and bibiturate drugs was twice as great in 1960 as in 1959? Will she, therefore, consider, in addition to the instructions sent to practitioners, issuing regulations to dispensers which would require them to use a label for the containers of all barbiturate drugs, warning the person concerned of the dangers?
    Miss Pitt: The figures which I gave my hon. and gallant Friend on the previous occasion reflect not necessarily an increase in this type of case but an increase in the awareness of coroners. I am sure that the right person to issue the warning is the doctor who prescribes the barbiturates. Nevertheless, there has been publicity in the national Press, and I hope that my hon. and gallant Friend's Question today will add to the public knowledge of the risk of taking the two things together.

    Russian Ballet Dancers (Dental Treatment)
    Mr. Gurdenasked the Minister of Health what dental treatment has been provided for Russian ballet dancers under the National Health Service recently; and what was the cost.
    Mr. Powell: I am sending my hon. Friend details of the treatment. The net cost, on latest information, was just over £100.
    Mr. Gurden: As this service is expressly for the people of Britain, does my right hon. Friend realise that people who pay for this service object to it being abused and, particularly, to jumping of the queue when others who have to pay for the service have to wait as much as three months for the service of the dentist? Can he offer any suggestions for overcoming this difficulty.
    Mr. Powell: I am considering if this sort of case can practicably be avoided in future.
    Mr. K. Robinson: Does the Minister think that the National Health Service has ever had better advertisement for £100 in the whole of its existence? Will he resist all pressure from the benches behind him to reduce the availability of the Health Service to visitors to this country?
    Mr. Powell: The Health Service is available primarily for the people of this country, as my hon. Friend rightly said. But, of course—and, I think, we are at one on this—we provide emergency and Good Samaritan treatment for the stranger within our gates. As I have said, however, I am considering whether a case of this kind can practicably be avoided in future.
    Mr. Eden: Can my right hon. Friend give any indication of the extent to which there is abuse of these provisions, if at all? Can he give any figure for the average annual cost to this country of providing free medical treatment to visitors?
    Mr. Powell: I have explained that free medical treatment is not, except within the limits I mentioned, available to visitors, and the total annual cost, though it cannot be precisely estimated, must be relatively very small.
    Mr. M. Foot: When the Minister refers to Good Samaritan treatment, can he say whether there is any Biblical precedent for the idea that we should do our best to see that the good deed is not repeated?

    Prescription Charges
    Mr. Pavittasked the Minister of Health if he is aware of the decision of the Annual Conference of Local Medical Committees held on 15th June which registered opposition to the increased prescription charges; and if, in view of this new evidence from the majority of general practitioners in the National Health Service, he will now abolish these charges.
    Mr. Powell: The answer to the first part of the Question is "Yes" and to the second part "No".
    Mr. Pavitt: Is the Minister aware that last Wednesday 80,000 doctors represented at the British Medical Association's Annual Conference also came out against prescription charges? What further evidence does he want us to produce before he will consider changing his pernicious policy?
    Mr. Powell: I am not aware that evidence bearing on the matter was produced either at the debate to which the hon. Member refers in his Question or at that referred to in his supplementary question. Certainly no reasons were given to count against the grounds on which this House came to its decision.
    Mr. Pavittasked the Minister of Health what steps he has taken to ascertain the effects on dispensing chemists of the increased prescription charges; and if he will make a statement.
    Mr. Powell: I am not aware what effects the hon. Member has in mind.
    Mr. Pavitt: Is the Minister aware of the great dissatisfaction amongst dispensing chemists at the present situation, at the change in the dispensing habits, from people coming at the end of the week—at pay day—rather than at the beginning? Can he tell the House Whether there is any threat of a strike on the part of dispensing chemists? If so, What emergency plan has he to meet the desire of patients to have their medicines?
    Mr. Powell: The second part of the hon. Member's supplementary question seems to be a different question. As regards the first part, I have had no representations on a change in the dispensing habits to which he refers.
    Mr. K. Robinson: Has not the increased prescription charge led to a demand for a very considerable increase in dispensing fees by chemists? Is not the right hon. Gentleman's saving going to be a very expensive one in the end?
    Mr. Powell: It is much too soon to know whether there is any reduction in chemists' income as a result of or since the increase in the prescription charge.

    Orange Juice
    Mr. A. Hendersonasked the Minister of Health to what extent his revised National Health Service leaflet has publicised the fact that concentrated orange juice is now available to all children up to the age of five years.
    Mr. Fisherasked the Minister of Health to what extent he is giving publicity to the amount of concentrated orange juice now available from the West Indies for children up to five years of age.
    Mr. C. Royleasked the Minister of Health if he will take more vigorous steps to publicise the fact that orange juice is available to children under five years of age, in view of the need to assist the citrus industry of the West Indies.
    Miss Pitt: The fact that orange juice is available for children up to five is made clear in the publicity already

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    undertaken and in further publicity my right hon. Friend has in hand. I am sending examples to the hon. Members.
    Mr. Henderson: In view of the fact that very considerable quantities of orange juice can be supplied by the West Indies and British Honduras, would not the Minister consider initiating a nationwide publicity campaign to popularise this welfare food, not only in the interests of the children up to the age of five but also in the interests of the economy of the West Indies?
    Miss Pitt: Orange juice is good for children up to the age of five, but it is not essential. I do not think my Department could undertake a publicity campaign on the lines that "Orange juice is good for you," but we do all we can to make known in the appropriate circles, particularly to the mothers concerned—they are the most interested parties—the fact that orange juice certainly is good and that it is good value.
    Mr. Fisher: It may not be necessary, but would my hon. Friend agree that this concentrated orange juice does, in fact, provide one of the best and cheapest farms of Vitamin C for children, and also, in the interests of the economy of the West Indies, particularly of British Honduras, will she really give as much publicity as she possibly can to it?
    Miss Pitt: My hon. Friend is quite right: one bottle of orange juice is worth seven oranges; it is good value, as I said earlier to the House. In addition to the publicity in the leaflets we hand out and through the facts we make known to editors of journals, I hope that an announcement is to be made on the B.B.C. on Friday of this week.
    Mr. K. Robinson: Would the hon. Lady not agree that the best service she could do, not only to the West Indies citrus fruit producers but to the mothers and children of this country, would be to restore the subsidy which was withdrawn a few months ago?
    Miss Pitt: No. As I have already said, this is extremely good value and far better value for a mother than fresh oranges she might buy.

    Children, Cornwall (Special Establishments)
    Mr. Scott-Hopkinsasked the Minister of Health how many establishments exist in Cornwall for giving special treatment to children who are mentally below the standard for normal education; and what progress he expects to make in the provision of additional establishments of this kind.
    Miss Pitt: Six training centres and one hospital. Plans for a new centre were approved this year and another is in the county council's programme for next year. Additional hospital provision is under consideration.
    Mr. Scott-Hopkins: Would my hon. Friend bear in mind that this is a very urgent problem in Cornwall, causing great anxiety to many parents of these subnormal and backward Children, and will she do her utmost to expedite the plans she has already announced this afternoon?
    Miss Pitt: Yes.

    Drugs
    Mr. Holtasked the Minister of Health whether he is aware of the increasing control of the British drug industry by United States firms; what proportion of the National Health Service drug bill is paid to United States controlled firms; and what action he proposes to take to limit the amount of drugs purchased from such firms.
    Mr. Powell: The answer to the first and third parts of the Question is in the negative; I regret that the information asked for in the second part is not available.
    Mr. Holt: Does the Minister agree that some of the American firms have been responsible for the high-pressure type of salesmanship which seems to have led to a waste in drugs? Have any representations been made to them to cease some of these practices so that we can get greater economy in the drug bill?
    Mr. Powell: I am anxious by any means to ensure that the National Health Service gets the drugs it needs on the best possible terms, but I do not

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    think that that would be done by discriminating against one set of firms as such. The Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry has taken some quite successful steps in recent years to increase the standards of sales promotion in some quarters.

    COUNCIL OF EUROPE (RECOMMENDATIONS)
    Mr. J. Hyndasked the Lord Privy Seal what action is being taken by the representative of Her Majesty's Government on the Committee of Ministers in pursuance of Council of Europe Recommendation No. 276 concerning compulsory road education in schools.
    The Joint Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Mr. Peter Thomas): The United Kingdom Permanent Representative to the Council of Europe has agreed with other members of the Committee of Ministers' Deputies that this Recommendation should be transmitted for opinion to the Committee of Cultural Experts.
    Mr. J. Hynd: In view of the demonstrated importance of making this a compulsory subject in school curricula, as demonstrated by the experience of those countries which have already done so, will the Government stress this very strongly on behalf of this country in the discussions which are taking place and encourage the proposal that there should be a conference of experts to discuss very thoroughly such experience and the advantages of making it a compulsory subject?
    Mr. Thomas: All matters relating to subjects in schools in this country are for my right hon. Friend the Minister of Education.
    Mr. J. Hyndasked the Lord Privy Seal what action is being taken by the representatives of Her Majesty's Government on the Committee of Ministers in pursuance of Council of Europe Recommendation No. 279 concerning technical assistance to Africa.
    Mr. P. Thomas: The Committee of Ministers at Deputy level decided at its last meeting to postpone consideration of this recommendation until the Council of Europe Secretariat had completed
    30
    a study on how it should be put into effect. The United Kingdom representative concurred in this decision.

    HOUSE OF COMMONS CATERING
    Mr. Glenvil Hallasked the hon. Member for Holland with Boston, as Chairman of the Kitchen Committee, whether his attention had been drawn to the Motion on House of Commons Dining Rooms; what action he proposes to take in the matter; and whether he will make a statement.
    Sir H. Butcher: Yes, Sir. The Committee considered this matter fully at its meeting on Wednesday last. It is sympathetic with the sentiments implied in the Motion, and is unanimous in deprecating any use of the Dining Rooms which would be in any way likely to bring this House into discredit. It does not feel, however, that it can take any action in this matter apart from strictly enforcing Rule 3 of the rules of booking. The Committee does not feel that it would be desirable or appropriate for the Committee to possess the powers of cross-examining Members which this Motion seeks to give them.
    I am satisfied that the great majority of functions which take place give no reasonable cause for complaint whatsoever. I appeal to all right hon. and hon. Members to be vigilant in regard to functions for which they accept responsibility, so that the dignity of the House may be fully maintained.
    Mr. Glenvil Hall: Is the hon. Gentleman aware that I am very grateful for his sympathetic reply to my Question? Will he take such steps as are open to him and his Committee to remind hon. Members of their heavy responsibility in this matter, since his Committee has the repute and dignity of the House in its hands in this respect?
    Sir H. Butcher: I am much obliged to the right hon. Gentleman. I ask Members who use the services of the Refreshment Department to be so good as to remember that they are in the position of hosts and those who come should be regarded as their personal guests. I am quite sure that they will accept full responsibility for the kind of people who come here.

    COMMON MARKET
    Mr. Pentlandasked the Lord Privy Seal whether he is now in a position to state what special settlement he will seek to negotiate on behalf of Her Majesty's Government, when he enters into further negotiations with the six Foreign Ministers of the European Economic Community on Great Britain's application for membership of the Common Market.
    The Lord Privy Seal (Mr. Edward Heath): I would ask the hon. Gentleman to await the statement which my right hon. Friend the Prime Minister hopes to make on these matters on 31st July.
    Mr. Pentland: In view of that, will the right hon. Gentleman give us an assurance that his right hon. Friend the Prime Minister will make quite clear to the country what the Government hope to achieve and what they are prepared to relinquish before they proceed any further in negotiating our participation in the European Economic Community?
    Mr. Heath: Perhaps the hon. Gentleman will await my right hon. Friend's Statement.
    Mr. Fell: Will my right hon. Friend tell me whether, before he attempts to make any settlement to bring about this bigamous marriage by Britain with the wench across the water, he will allow a decent lapse of time for our divorce from the British Commonwealth on grounds of desertion so that at least it can appear as if we are acting in good faith?
    Mr. Heath: I have no desire to become involved in my hon. Friend's matrimonial affairs.

TUNISIA
The following Questions stood upon the Order Paper:
Mr. WARBEY: To ask the Lord Privy Seal what action has been taken by the representative of Her Majesty's Government in the Security Council in response to the Tunisian Government's request to that body for assistance against French aggression
Mr. BROCKWAY: To ask the Lord Privy Seal how the United Kingdom
32
delegate voted in the Security Council of the United Nations on the charge by Tunisia of aggression by France.
Mr. W. YATES: To ask the Lord Privy Seal what steps have been taken by Her Majesty's Government's representative in the Security Council to offer mediation, under Article 33 of the Charter, in the Franco-Tunisian dispute; and if he will make a statement.
Mr. W. YATES: To ask the Lord Privy Seal, in view of injury and damage to property in the Bizerta area owing to hostilities between the French garrison and the Tunisian National Guard, what steps have been taken by Her Majesty's Government to protect British subjects and property.
The Lord Privy Seal (Mr. Edward Heath): With permission, Mr. Speaker, I will now answer Questions Nos. 60, 62, 63 and 64.
On 22nd July the Security Council considered three resolutions about events in Bizerta. It adopted by 10 votes to none a resolution calling for an immediate cease-fire and the return of all forces to their original positions. The United Kingdom voted in favour. The two following resolutions contained the same appeal.
In addition, a resolution sponsored by Liberia and the United Arab Republic called for immediate negotiations between France and Tunisia aimed at the speedy evacuation of the French forces from Tunisia. This received four votes in favour, with seven abstentions, including the United Kingdom, and thus failed.
The third resolution, submitted by the United Kingdom and the United States, urged the two parties to negotiate promptly a peaceful settlement and asked the Council to keep the situation under urgent review in the interest of peace and security. This resolution received six positive votes with five abstentions and, therefore, failed. It was, nevertheless, agreed that the Council should remain seized of the question.
Firing ceased on the night of Saturday, 22nd July. The House will share the earnest hope of Her Majesty's Government that negotiations will now follow and lead to a settlement of the difficulties which have arisen between Tunisia and France.

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Her Majesty's Ambassador in Tunis was informed by telephone yesterday afternoon by the Governor of Bizerta that there were no reports of any casualties among the small British community. Her Majesty's Consul arrived in Bizerta this morning to make direct contact with them.
Mr. Warbey: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that the appalling loss of life in Tunisia, involving hundreds of civilians as well as troops, must inevitably embitter Franco-Tunisian relations for some time to come? Will Her Majesty's Government at least press in the Security Council that France shall enter into early negotiations for a speedy withdrawal from Bizerta?
Mr. Heath: We all deeply regret the loss of life at Bizerta. The resolution put forward by the United Kingdom with the United States urged both sides to find a peaceful settlement of their dispute.
Mr. Brockway: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that Tunisia, among North African countries, was probably the most sympathetic to the West? To prevent growing between Tunisia and France, will he exercise the utmost influence on France to withdraw from her military bases in Tunisia—[HON. MEMBERS: "No"]—to withdraw from her military bases in Tunisia, according to the will of the Tunisian people?
Mr. Heath: In our view, there should now be discussions between the two countries concerned in order to find a peaceful settlement. I understand that Mr. Hammarskjold is on his way to Tunisia to offer his services for that purpose.
Mr. W. Yates: Does my right hon. Friend agree that Her Majesty's Government's foreign policy is to attempt to found a federation favourable to the West of Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria? Will he, therefore, do all he can now to offer his services as a mediator, in order to make certain that these three countries remain favourably disposed to N.A.T.O. and to our allies?
Mr. Heath: This matter is now in the hands of the Security Council. It is for the Security Council to deal with it. The question of a federation goes much wider altogether.
Mr. Healey: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that all Members on both sides of the House will welcome the news of the cease-fire, as much as we deplore the violence—excessive, I think, at least in the case of the French—which preceded it? In view of the fact that the French Government have claimed that the facilities which they now hold in Bizerta are necessary for the N.A.T.O. alliance, will the future of the base be discussed at the next meeting of the N.A.T.O. Council?
Mr. Heath: I understand that the French Government have pointed out the importance of the base to the defence of the West. I do not think that anyone would question that. I am not aware at the moment that this matter is to be debated by the N.A.T.O. Council.

PORTUGAL (DETENTION OF DR. SCOTT)
Mr. D. Foot(by Private Notice) asked the Lord Privy Seal what report he has received from Her Majesty's Representative at Lisbon regarding the detention in prison of Dr. Cecil Scott, a British subject and director of the Evangelical Missionary League, and if he will state the reasons alleged for Dr. Scott's detention.
The Lord Privy Seal (Mr. Edward Heath): Yes, Sir. Dr. Scott was detained for questioning by the Portuguese authorities on 19th July. No charge has been brought against him. He was visited by the Consul-General and by Mrs. Scott on 20th and 21st July. He is in good health, and arrangements have been made for food to be sent in to him.
In view of complaints about Dr. Scott's treatment, representations have been made both to the police and by Her Majesty's Ambassador to the Portuguese Government with a view to ensuring that he is well treated while in custody.
My noble Friend is sending further instructions to Her Majesty's Ambassador to request the Portuguese Government that Dr. Scott should either be charged and tried without delay or released.
Mr. Foot: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that Dr. Scott occupies a responsible position, and that for many years he has been in charge of the training of all Protestant missionaries, of

35
whatever nationality, in Portuguese overseas territories? Is he further aware that the news of Dr. Scott's arrest without charge will, therefore, occasion very widespread concern, not only in this country but elsewhere? Will the right hon. Gentleman do his best to keep the House informed on this matter?
Mr. Heath: Yes, Sir. I am aware of the facts which the hon. and learned Gentleman has given about Dr. Scott. I will certainly answer any Questions put down to me about future action. As I have said, my noble Friend has already taken the action which we deem appropriate.

BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE
The Secretary of State for the Home Department (Mr. R. A. Butler): I will, with permission, make a statement about a debate on the European Economic Community.
In view of the importance of this subject, the Government have decided to give two days for this debate.
As already announced, my right hon. Friend the Prime Minister will make a statement on Monday, 31st July, and arrangements will be made for the debate to take place on Wednesday, 2nd and Thursday, 3rd August, on a Government Motion.
As a consequence, we shall ask the House to take into consideration on Friday of this week, should there prove to be time, Amendments to the Licensing Bill, which are expected from another place.
It is hoped that the House will adjourn for the Summer Recess on Friday, 4th August.
Mr. Gaitskell: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that there will be a general welcome for his announcement that two days is to be given to the debate on the European Economic Community, but can he explain why he has changed his mind? Does not he recall that last Thursday he said that we had better wait to hear the statement by the Prime Minister and that, after we heard it, perhaps one day would be enough? Are we to understand that the Government's policy has now been
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changed and that, in consequence, we are having two days for the debate?
Mr. Butler: No, Sir. The policy has not been changed. On listening to the views of the House, including those of the right hon. Gentleman, the Government thought it right for two days to be provided for the debate. I recommended, in my own way, to the Government that that was the wish of the House. Accordingly, that has been decided.

POST OFFICE (INCREASED CHARGES)
The Postmaster-General (Mr. Reginald Bevins): With your permission, Mr. Speaker, and that of the House, I should like to make a statement.
Since the last general increase in Post Office tariffs took place in 1957, wage and price increases have added £55 million to the Post Office bill; no less than £25 million will fall in the current year. This consists mainly of increases in wage rates. I expect to absorb about two-fifths of this £25 million.
Even so, I must raise a further £25 million in a full year in order to maintain the financial soundness of the Post Office and to prevent a sharp increase in its dependence upon the Exchequer for capital.
This means that I must increase charges. I have decided to raise £16½ million from the telecommunications services and £8½ million from the postal services.
The tariff increases I am proposing apply either to services running at a loss, or to services which produce an inadequate return on capital and where there is a high investment demand.
The principal increases are:
Telephones

1. Rentals for telephone exchange lines will be increased by £2 per annum.

2. Connection charges for exchange lines will be doubled.

3. Rentals for private switchboards, extensions and private circuits will be increased.

I also propose to change the basis of charging for telephones more than three miles from the exchange. The excess mileage rental for existing and new subscribers will be abolished, but new subscribers will pay an increased initial

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connection charge related to distance and new construction.
Inland Postage

1. The basic printed paper rate will be increased from 2d. to 2½d. with rebates for large users.

2. The basic charge for newspapers will be increased from 2½d. to 3d.

3. The charges for parcels will be increased by 6d. all round.

Details of the changes will be circulated in the OFFICIAL REPORT and for the convenience of Members copies will be available in the Vote Office later this afternoon.
Increases in connection charges, the abolition of the excess mileage rental, and two other minor changes will take effect as from 26th July. The remaining telephone changes will become operative on 1st November. The postal changes will take effect as from 1st October.
These proposals are consistent with the Government's aim of putting the finances of the nationalised industries on a sound basis and of reducing borrowing from the Exchequer.
Mr. A. Lewis: On a point of order, Mr. Speaker. May I ask for your guidance? On may occasions I have raised with you the fact that we are now getting the practice on the part of the Government of giving out what are obviously inspired leaks to the Press and then coming to the House and making a statement.
Today, in both the mid-day newspapers, there is almost a verbatim report. I quote from one, under the signature of Mr. Robert Carvel, that the Postmaster-General is to make a statement announcing an increase in Post Office charges.
You will recollect, Mr. Speaker, that this is not the first occasion when this has happened. It is now happening on almost every conceivable occasion when, as is the case, the Government so frequently increase charges. I am asking you, Mr. Speaker, whether it is not an abuse of your position and that of the House for the Government to ask for a statement to be made in Parliament when, obviously, in view of the fact that both mid-day newspapers had this, the Government had already made their announcement outside the House, and are thus abusing hon. Members of the House.
Mr. Speaker: There most certainly is no insult to me in any way, or to my office
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in any way. I understand perfectly what the hon. Member has in mind, but I do not quite understand how it raises any matter for me.
Mr. W. R. Williams: The first question that one is tempted to ask, of course, is whether this is the rehearsal for tomorrow. Is this the "Purchase Tax" which the Government are proposing to apply to the Post Office? If this is any pointer to what is to happen tomorrow, then the people are in for a very grim time when the Chancellor's announcement is made.
I should like to ask the Postmaster-General one or two questions about his statement. First, how does he reconcile the statement with two statements which he made during the passage of the Post Office Bill? The first statement was that he was anticipating that a £20 million surplus would be made this year, the same as was made last year. The question I should like him to answer now is: what changes in circumstances have taken place to justify these increases in postal and telephone charges?
I should also like to ask him about the other statement that he made during the passage of the Post Office Bill. He said that it is a profound mistake to think that price increases, although sometimes necessary, are the only way, or, indeed, the best way, for the Post Office to maintain its financial position. He said that we can earn more simply by promoting profitable custom and doing more business. Why has he gone away from that very wise declaration to us, and why is he imposing further charges upon the public at a time when he ought to be encouraging the sales and the business of the Post Office to an extent which he has not done in the past?
Is this not, in fact—I should like the Postmaster-General to be specific on this—going back to the old position before the Post Office Bill, of making the Post Office an instrument of taxation for the Government? Is there, therefore, no basis at all for his contention during the passage of that Bill that the Post Office is now to be a free agency, with independence and freedom?
I should just like to put one or two minor points now. Does not the right hon. Gentleman feel that his decision to

39
increase the telecommunications charges will dissuade people, paradoxically enough, from doing what he is asking of them in another direction—encouraging the S.T.D. scheme? Was he not boasting during the Committee stage of the Bill that this was his main objective? How, therefore, does he reconcile his statement with this paradoxical situation?
Coming now to the question of the charges on inland postage, does not the right hon. Gentleman think that he will kill the parcel post service by increasing the charges by 6d? Is it his intention to see that the whole of the traffic is diverted either to private enterprise or to some other form of public enterprise? Is he not ashamed that so soon after the Post Office Bill he comes to the House with this shocking announcement about Post Office charges?
Mr. Bevins: The hon. Gentleman has asked a number of questions. I will try to answer them in order.
First, I think that he will wish to await the statement by my right hon. and learned Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer tomorrow afternoon.
I want to make it absolutely clear, with regard to my statement to the House, that this is a Post Office operation conceived by me, and that it will be put through by me in the interests of the Post Office and of the public.
The hon. Gentleman went on to ask me whether it was not a fact that last year the Post Office earned a surplus of £21 million. That is perfectly true. It is equally true that we expected to earn a good surplus this year without very substantial increases in charges, but since that anticipation was expressed we have had very large increases in wage rates and, of course, the shorter working week for the Post Office, and these have added to our outgoings in the present financial year to the extent of £21 million, which represents 8 per cent. of our total wages bill. That is a fact which it is quite impossible to laugh off. But I have already made it clear that two-fifths of this increase in prices and wages will be absorbed by the Post Office through greater efficiency.
I can tell the hon. Gentleman and the House that the rate of installation of telephones next year will be as high as
40
this year's, and that this year's figure is almost 50 per cent. higher than the figure for 1950.
Mr. Stodart: Will my right hon. Friend be a little more specific about the effects of the charges on those who live in country districts outside three-mile territorial waters, as it were?
Mr. Bevins: Yes, Sir. The position is that existing subscribers—people already on the telephone—will no longer pay an excess amount of £2 per furlong, but in future will pay the same rentals as anybody else. New subscribers will pay the new single connection charge of £5 for each furlong of new wiring in excess of three miles from the exchange. The effect of the change is that existing subscribers in country districts will benefit, and that new subscribers will also find that over a period of about three or four years the charges will be lower than at the present time.
Mr. Snow: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that what he has said about the distinction to be drawn between his proposed measures and what the Government may have in mind tomorrow does not carry very much conviction? To us, it seems part and parcel of the same thing. Is he aware that this news that new subscribers in the countryside will be charged more will cause acute distress in the rural areas? Is he aware that already people in the overspill areas are complaining most bitterly about the failure of the Post Office to provide a decent service, or to provide connections?
Mr. Bevins: No, Sir. I think that the hon. Gentleman has misunderstood the position. Existing subscribers in country districts will profit by these changes, and subscribers over a period of two and a half years will also be better off.
Mr. Holland: My right hon. Friend said that he anticipated that the number of telephone installations next year would be as high as this year. Can he tell us how many telephones he expects to install next year?
Mr. Bevins: Yes, Sir; about 470,000. This is the same figure as this year, as I said before, and it is a record in the history of the Post Office.
Mr. G. Brown: Since the Postmaster-General has said that after two and a

41
half years new subscrbers will benefit on connection to country telephone services, do I understand him aright when he says that before a telephone is connected in a country district the would-be owner of the telephone will now have to pay a charge of £40 per mile as an initial connection charge?
Mr. Bevins: I think that I said in my statement that connection charges would be doubled for new subscribers. What I should like to make perfectly clear is that for existing subscribers, who pay £2 per furlong in excess of three miles from the exchange, that charge is abolished. New subscribers, those who would pay, ordinarily, £2 per furlong in excess of three miles, will, in future, pay a once-and-for-all charge of £5 per furlong.
Mr. G. Brown: Is not £5 per furlong £40 per mile? Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that a mile is a very easily covered distance in a country district? Does he really expect to install very many telephones when there is an initial charge of £40 per mile? Does he persist in his statement that this is a Post Office operation, and not one dictated by his right hon. and learned Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer?
Mr. Bevins: Most certainly. The fact is that for new subscribers, though they will have to pay £40 per mile, after a period of two and a half years, this will be advantageous to them.
Sir J. Duncan: Is my right hon. Friend aware that the abolition of the £2 per furlong charge every year for telephone connections will be widely welcomed, and that in any new proposal about a contribution towards the capital charge he will be following the procedure of all the electricity boards?
Mr. Holt: The Postmaster-General has given a figure of £25 million as being due to increased wages and prices. Can he give us these two items separately, and say how much was due to increased wages?
Mr. Bevins: I can give the figure for the coming financial year, which is probably what the hon Gentleman has in mind. The figure of £21 million refers to increases in wage rates, and that of £21 million refers to increases in prices.
Mr. H. Wilson: For the benefit of those who find it a little difficult to
42
understand, can the right hon. Gentleman tell us exactly how this is to help to get export costs down?
Mr. Bevins: There is nothing whatever in my statement which will be prejudicial to our export trade, but it is my responsibility, and I mean to discharge it, to see that the Post Office generally charges economic prices, and that, far from becoming a drain on the Exchequer for capital, we should undertake the lion's share of our capital development. I think that this is right, and I do not think that my hon. Friends on this side of the House would be prepared to see me adopt a weak and wishy-washy policy in the Post Office.
Mr. Gurden: In view of these increases, can my right hon. Friend say whether he will continue to give such good value for money, and give a better service to the general public?
Mr. Bevins: I have, in the course of the present financial year, been spending about £5 million more specifically on the improvement of services, and we shall have at least 90 per cent. of all Crown Post Offices on an all-service counter basis within the next three weeks. I am taking on very large numbers of telephonists to give better service in manual exchanges, and I am also taking on a large number of staff to improve weekend deliveries, but I wish to repeat that the public will never get the services to which it is entitled unless it is prepared to pay economic prices.
Mr. A. Lewis: May I ask the Postmaster-General whether either he himself or anyone in his Department issued any statement to the Press prior to making his statement to the House? If so, may I ask him why, and if not, will he have an investigation made into how all this was in the mid-day Press prior to his coming to the House?
Mr. Bevins: I can tell the House with complete candour that I have made no statement of any sort to the Press or anybody else, prior to rising at about 3.40 p.m. this afternoon.
Mr. Lewis: Will the right hon. Gentleman have an investigation made?
Hon. Members: Answer.
Mr. G. Brown: May I repeat the last part of my hon. Friend's question?

43
Will the Minister cause an inquiry to be made into how the newspapers were able to carry such an extensive account of what was coming?
Secondly, may I ask him whether it is seriously his case that telephone subscribers will benefit by paying £40 cash down instead of paying over a period, and how he then expects to raise more money by these charges if consumers are to pay less?
Thirdly, is it not fast becoming a fact that it would be rather cheaper for everybody if he would employ his hon. Friend the Member for Lewisham, North (Mr. Chataway) to run the messages himself into the country districts?
Mr. Bevins: Before the hon. Member for West Ham, North (Mr. A. Lewis) produced a copy of the newspaper this afternoon, I had no knowledge—

I. TELECOMMUNICATIONS CHARGES

1. Changes to operate forthwith

(a) Connection Charges

Present

Proposed

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

Maximum exchange line connection charge

…

…

…

…

5

0

0

10

0

0

Note: Connection charges for temporary telephone service will be increased proportionately subject to a maximum of £15.

2. Changes to operate from 1st November, 1961

Present

Proposed

(a) Exchange Line Rentals

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

Business lines

(per quarter)

(per quarter)

Exclusive

3

10

0

4

0

0

Shared

3

0

0

3

10

0

Residence lines

Exclusive

3

0

0

3

10

0

Shared

2

10

0

3

0

0

Exchange lines connected to a PBX owned and maintained by subscriber

3

5

0

3

15

0

Mr. Lewis: It was on the one o'clock news.
Mr. Bevins: I did not hear the one o'clock news, because I was rather busy, but I did not divulge any part of this statement to the Press or anybody else. I am perfectly prepared, as I am sure the House would wish me to do, to make inquiries as to how this came about.
In reply to the right hon. Gentleman's second question, I think that the House is getting a little wearied of the economics of long line transmission.
Several Hon. Members rose—
Mr. Speaker: Order. We cannot debate this matter further now. There is no Question before the House.
Following are the details of the charges:

Present

Proposed

On exchange lines

On PBXs

On all installations

s.

d.

s.

d.

s.

d.

(b) Internal Extension Rentals

(per qtr.)

(per qtr.)

(per qtr.)

Plan 1, 1A, 1B, 1C

7

0

14

0

10

0

Plan 3

14

0

19

0

16

0

Plan 4

each additional socket

2

6

2

6

2

0

each additional plug-in telephone

7

0

14

0

9

0

Plan 5 and 5A

28

0

32

0

40

0

Plan 7 and 7A

14

0

14

0

25

0

Plan 8

14

0

19

0

16

0

Plan8A

21

0

not available

36

0

Plan 9

not available

from to

28

0

20

0

to

49

6

Plan 10

including apparatus for intercepting one exchange line

not available

from

25

0

26

0

to

39

0

apparatus for each additional line intercepted

not available

1

6

6

0

Plan 11

14

0

28

0

20

0

Plan 12 and 12A

14

0

19

0

16

0

Extension terminated on a socket

not available

9

0

8

0

plug-in telephone for use with extension terminated on a socket

not available

5

6

9

0

Any other internal extension

not available

13

6

15

0

Note: Certain types of extensions are appropriate for PBXs but not for exchange lines, or vice versa.

(c) EXTERNAL EXTENSION RENTALS

Present

Proposed

Mileage charge

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

(per quarter)

(per quarter)

Each furlong or part up to 4 furlongs

…

7

6

Each furlong or part up to 4 furlongs

15

0

Over 4 up to 6 furlongs

…

2

0

6

Over 4 up to 6 furlongs

4

10

0

to

2

11

0

And so on by furlong steps

…

And so on by 10s. 6d. steps

And so on by ¼ mile steps

And so on by £1 10s. steps

Over 3 up to 3½ miles

…

12

10

6

Over 3 up to 3½ miles

21

0

0

to

14

2

0

And so on by furlong steps

…

And so on by 10s. 6d. steps

And so on by ½ mile steps

And so on by £3 steps

Over 4½ miles up to 5 miles

…

18

16

6

Over 4½ up to 5 miles

30

0

0

to

20

8

0

Over 5 up to 6 miles

…

20

18

6

Over 5 up to 6 miles

35

0

0

to

24

12

0

And so on by furlong steps

…

And so on by 10s. 6d. steps

And so on by 1 mile steps

And so on by £5 steps

Over 30 up to 35 miles

…

125

18

6

Over 30 up to 35 miles

175

0

0

to

146

8

0

And so on by furlong steps

…

And so on by 10s. 6d. steps

And so on by 5 mile steps

And so on by £20 steps

Over 50 up to 60 miles

…

209

18

6

Over 50 up to 60 miles

262

10

0

to

251

8

0

And so on by furlong steps

…

And so on by 10s. 6d. steps

And so on by 10 mile steps

And so on by £25 steps

Over 150 up to 175 miles

…

629

18

6

Over 190 up to 200 miles

612

10

0

to

734

8

0

Over 175 up to 200 miles

…

734

18

6

And so on by 10 mile steps

And so on by £20 steps

to

839

8

0

Over 200 up to 250 miles

…

839

18

6

Over 290 up to 300 miles

812

10

0

…

to

1,049

8

0

Over 250 up to 300 miles

…

1,049

18

6

Over 300 up to 325 miles

837

10

0

…

to

1,259

8

0

Over 300 miles

…

1,259

18

6

Over 325 up to 350 miles

862

10

0

plus 10s. 6d. a furlong

Over 350 up to 375 miles

887

10

0

Over 375 up to 400 miles

912

10

0

Over 400 miles

937

10

0

(These rates are doubled for Plan 1A, 1C and Plan 9 extensions.)

(These rates will be doubled for Plan 9 extensions.)

Present

Proposed

Termination charge

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

(per quarter)

(per quarter)

For all external extensions (other than plan extensions and extensions between PBXs)

13

6

For all external extensions (other than plan extensions, extensions between PBXs owned and maintained by subscriber, and extensions more than four furlongs in length)

15

0

NOTE 1: For plan extensions, the rental appropriate to a comparable internal plan extension is payable in addition.
NOTE 2: The present higher rental payable when the extension is provided by special methods of construction will be abolished.

(d) Private Manual Branch Exchange (PMBX) Rentals

Present

Proposed

Other than a multiple type:

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

Size:

per quarter

per quarter

1+3

…

2

0

0

2

10

0

2+4

…

2

0

0

3

0

0

2+6

…

3

10

0

4

10

0

3+7 and 3+9

…

4

0

0

6

0

0

3 + 10 and 5 + 20

…

8

0

0

12

0

0

10 + 30

…

16

0

0

18

0

0

10+50

…

16

0

0

22

0

0

10+60

…

25

0

0

25

0

0

Multiple type: for each section

…

25

0

0

33

0

0

(e) House Exchange System (HES) Rentals

Each internal or external station, or special extension

HES1 (1+5 size)

…

1

10

0

2

0

0

HES 2 (2+10 size)

…

1

10

0

2

10

0

Additional apparatus for second main station

…

14

0

1

5

0

(f) Coin-Box Rental

…

11

3

1

0

0

(g) Answering Machine Rental

…

10

0

0

8

0

0

(h) Out-of-Area Exchange Line Rentals

(i) Inland Private Circuit Rentals

Present

Proposed

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

(per annum)

(per annum)

Internal private circuits

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

3

0

0

5

0

0

External private circuits (a termination charge of £3 will be payable in addition on external private circuits up to 4 furlongs in length).

Present

Proposed

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

(charge per annum)

(rate of charge per annum)

Up to 1 furlong

5

8

0

Up to ½ mile, in furlong steps

£24 per mile

Over 1 up to 2 furlongs

6

6

0

From ½ mile to 1 mile, in ¼ mile steps

£24 per mile

Over 2 up to 3 furlongs

7

10

0

And so on by 1 furlong steps

And so on by £1 10s. steps

From 1 mile to 3 miles, in ¼ mile steps

£16 per additional mile

Over 2 up to 2¼ miles

28

10

0

From 3 miles to 5 miles, in ½ mile steps

£16 per additional mile

And so on by ¼ mile steps

And so on by £3 or £1 10s. steps

Over 3 up to 3¼ miles

39

0

0

From 5 miles to 30 miles, in 1 mile steps

£16 per additional mile

And so on by ¼ mile steps

And so on by £3 or £1 10s. steps

From 30 miles to 35 miles in one 5 mile step

£12 8s. 0d. per additional mile

Over 5 up to 5¼ miles

60

0

0

And so on by ¼ mile steps

And so on by £3 or £1 10s. steps

From 35 to 50 miles in 5 mile steps

£10 per additional mile

Present

Proposed

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

(charge per annum)

(rate of charge per annum)

Over 10 up to 10½ miles

116

5

0

From 50 miles to 200 miles, in 10 mile steps

£10 per additional mile

And so on by ½ mile steps

And so on by £5 5s. steps

Over 24 up to 25 miles

270

0

0

And so on by 1 mile steps

And so on by £12 steps

From 200 miles to 300 miles, in 10 mile steps

£8 per additional mile

Over 30 up to 32 miles

352

10

0

From 300 miles to 400 miles, in 25 mile steps

£4 per additional mile

And so on by 2 mile steps

And so on by £22 10s. steps

Over 50 up to 53 miles

592

10

0

Over 400 miles

£3,500

And so on by 3 mile steps

And so on by £37 10s. steps

Over 80 up to 85 miles

990

0

0

And so on by 5 mile steps

And so on by £60 steps

Over 150 up to 175 miles

1,830

0

0

to

2,070

0

0

Over 175 up to 200 miles

2,130

0

0

to

2,370

0

0

Over 200 up to 250 miles

2,430

0

0

to

2,970

0

0

Over 250 up to 300 miles

3,030

0

0

to

3,570

0

0

Over 300 miles

3,630

0

0

to

4,770

0

0

(at 400 miles)

(J) Special Services
Other services, such as telegraph circuits and apparatus and circuits suitable for music transmission, subject to individual agreements, will be increased after due notice.

(k) Connection Charges

(other than exchange lines)

Present

Proposed

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

from

5

0

0

External extension

…

…

…

2

0

0

to

50

0

0

(according to distance)

House exchange systems: each station

…

…

…

5

0

0

8

0

0

Private manual branch exchanges (PMBXs)

Size:

1+3

…

…

…

2

0

0

5

0

0

2+4

…

…

…

4

0

0

6

0

0

2+6

…

…

…

7

0

0

9

0

0

3+7 and 3+9

…

…

…

8

0

0

12

0

0

3+10 and 5+20

…

…

…

16

0

0

24

0

0

10+30

…

…

…

32

0

0

36

0

0

10+50

…

…

…

32

0

0

44

0

0

10+60

…

…

…

50

0

0

50

0

0

Multiple type (each section)

…

…

…

100

0

0

132

0

0

(The internal removal charges for private manual branch exchanges will be increased in proportion to the increase in the appropriate connection charges.)

Coin box

…

…

…

…

…

…

Nil

4

0

0

Internal private circuit

…

…

…

…

…

…

Nil

2

0

0

External private circuit

…

…

…

…

…

…

Nil

from

5

0

0

to

50

0

0

(according to distance)

II. POSTAL CHARGES

Changes to operate from 1st October, 1961

1. INLAND AND TO IRISH REPUBLIC

Present

Proposed

(a) (i) Printed Papers and Samples

2d. for 2 oz.

2½d. for 2 oz.

Maximum weight printed papers—2 lb.

4d. for 4 oz. then

4d. for 4 oz. then

Maximum weight samples—8 oz. (Sample service not available to Irish Republic.)

1d. per 2 oz.

1d. per 2 oz.

(ii) Printed Papers and Samples Posted in Bulk, and complying with special conditions in regard to method and times of posting and delivery. (Arrangement not applicable to items for the Irish Republic.)

As in (a) (i) but rebates will be given. Basically the rebates will be 10 per cent. of the total postage for postings of 5,000–24,999 and 20 per cent. of the total postage for postings of 25,000 and above.

(b) Newspapers (per Copy) (Maximum weight—2 lb.)

…

…

…

…

2½d. for 6 oz. then

3d. for 6oz. then

1½d. per 6 oz.

1½d. per 6 oz.

(c) Parcels:—

s.

d.

s.

d.

Up to 2 lb.

…

…

…

…

1

6

2

0

3 lb.

…

…

…

…

1

9

2

3

4 1b.

…

…

…

…

2

0

2

6

51b.

…

…

…

…

2

3

2

9

61b.

…

…

…

…

2

6

3

0

7 lb.

…

…

…

…

2

9

3

3

8 1b.

…

…

…

…

3

0

3

6

11 lb.

…

…

…

…

3

3

3

9

15 lb.

…

…

…

…

3

6

4

0

2. GENERAL

(d) Stamping of Paper for use as Postcards, Wrappers and Envelopes:—

Postcards and wrappers

…

…

…

Nil

Various: from 10s. to 25s. for the first 1,000 or part of 1,000 stamps impressed depending on type of paper and number of stamps impressed per sheet. For each additional 100 or part of 100 stamps impressed one tenth of the above fees.

Envelopes

…

…

…

Nil

15s. for the first 1,000 or part of 1,000 stamps impressed. For each additional 100 or part of 100 stamps impressed one tenth of the above fee.

BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE (SUPPLY)
Ordered,
That this day Business other than the Business of Supply may be taken before Ten o'clock; and that if the first two Resolutions
proposed shall have been agreed to by the Committee of Supply before half-past Nine o'clock, the Chairman shall proceed to put forthwith the Questions which he is directed to put at half-past Nine o'clock by paragraph (6) of Standing Order No. 16 (Business of Supply).—[Mr. R. A. Butler.]

ORDERS OF THE DAY

  SUPPLY
  [25TH ALLOTTED DAY]
  Considered in Committee.
  [Sir GORDON TOUCHE in the Chair]
  Civil Estimates and Supplementary Estimates, 1961–62; Estimates for Revenue Departments and Supplementary Estimate, 1961–62; Ministry of Defence Estimate, 1961–62; Navy Estimates, 1961–62; Army Estimates and Supplementary Estimate, 1961–62; Air Estimates, 1961–62; Navy Expenditure, 1959–60; Army Expenditure, 1959–60; Air Expenditure, 1959–60.

  SUPPLY

    CIVIL ESTIMATES, 1961–62
    Resolved,
    That a sum, not exceeding £3,671,010 be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for expenditure in respect of the Services included in the following Civil Estimates, viz.:—

    CIVIL ESTIMATES, 1961–62

    £

    Class II, Vote 7, Colonial Office

    904,410

    Class IL Vote 4, Commonwealth Relations Office

    2,766,600

    Total

    £3,671,010

    CIVIL ESTIMATES AND SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE, 1961–62
    Motion made, and Question proposed,
    That a sum, not exceeding £24,943,485 be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for expenditure in respect of the Services included in the following Civil Estimates, viz.:—

    CIVIL ESTIMATES AND SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE, 1961–62

    £

    Class I, Vote 22, Scottish Home Department (including a Supplementary sum of £10,000)

    870,285

    Class VI, Vote 1, Board of Trade

    4,046,950

    Class VI, Vote 4, Board of Trade (Promotion of Local Employment)

    20,026,250

    Total

    £24,943,485

SCOTLAND (TRADE AND INDUSTRY)
4.0 p.m.
Mr. Thomas Fraser: We have come again to the time of the year when we normally debate industry and employment in Scotland. I should not be surprised if the Secretary of State for Scotland and the President of the Board of Trade detected a somewhat familiar ring in my speech.
It occurs to me that the two right hon. Gentlemen will find it a little difficult to make the kind of speeches which they have been making in these debates in recent years. They have been saying that the picture painted by my hon. Friends has always been too gloomy and, although they have sometimes admitted that there are a few clouds in the sky, they have said that tomorrow all the clouds will disappear. In view of the statement by the Chancellor of the Exchequer which we have been promised—"threatened" is a better word—for tomorrow, they will find it exceedingly difficult to make the same kind of speech today.
The Secretary of State must have had a most agreeable Press conference to launch the Report on Industry and Employment in Scotland. The Scottish Press gave it fulsome praise. It is a pity that the leader writers and the industrial correspondents did not take the trouble to study it, just a little, before writing their articles. However, it is not for us to spend our time discussing what the Press did with the Report. I was interested to see that on the following day the Scottish newspapers carried reports on their front pages of another 1250 workers in Lanarkshire being out of jobs. What wonderful timing! Most of those workers collected their books on the day on which they had expected to be going on their annual holidays.
The White Paper says that total production in 1960 was at a record high level, 9 per cent. over 1954. The United Kingdom increase over 1954 was no less than 20 per cent., and the United Kingdom had the distinction of having the smallest increase in production of any industrial nation. If England is at the bottom of the league in these matters, Scotland seems to have scratched from the tournament with no matches played.

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The production of manufacturing industry was 7 per cent. up on 1959, but only 5 per cent. up on 1957. Shipbuilding and marine engineering were 12 per cent. down on 1959. Metal manufacture, including steel but not exclusively steel, was 28 per cent. up on 1959 and almost back to the 1956 level, but not quite. Coal output, not surprisingly, was down 5 per cent. on 1959.
We have been told in the past that production of crude steel is the key to our economic wellbeing. Crude steel production in 1960 was about 38 per cent. up on 1959. To get the picture clearer, I turn from the White Paper to the iron and steel monthly statistics which are published jointly by the Iron and Steel Board and the British Iron and Steel Federation. Over the last twenty years, steel production in Scotland has increased far less than in any other steel district in Britain. For example, over all ten districts in the United Kingdom, the weekly average of steel production rose from 200,000 tons in 1938 to 467,000 tons in 1960, whereas in Scotland it rose from 30,000 to 51,900 tons. Therefore, production in Scotland increased by two-thirds whereas for the United Kingdom as a whole it increased by two and a half times.
Between 1958 and 1959, British production of steel went up from 369,000 tons to 388,000 tons a week, while Scottish production declined from 39,900 to 37,800 a week, so we were going in the wrong direction. The White Paper confidently forecast that the upward trend would continue, but the figures show that in the first five months of 1960 the average weekly output of crude steel was 52,800 tons, while in the first five months of 1961 it was exactly the same.
Since the White Paper was published, on 5th July, output of crude steel in Scotland has fallen by one-third. That is not just a wicked rumour and it has nothing to do with the annual holiday. Crude steel production in Scotland is now planned at about 17,000 tons a week less than we were getting in the first five months of this year, and already we are getting back to what we had in 1958 and 1959.
This is before the Chancellor of the Exchequer makes his speech tomorrow. This is at a time when, we are told, too
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much of our resources is going into capital investment. This is heavy steel which is mainly used for capital projects. We are already moving in the wrong direction. Great hardship is being caused in some parts of Scotland, and many workers are already on the dole and many more are working four days a week. "You have never had it so good!"
The Secretary of State assures us that the future is bright. He has told us that there are about 33,000 jobs in the pipeline. The figures are set out in the table on page 57 of the Report. The potential employment on 31st March, 1960, from all those factories completed in the first three months of the year, or under construction, or approved but not started was 33,342. I put it to the right hon. Gentleman that employers in areas of unemployment always over-estimate the number of jobs which will be provided in their industrial establishments which are to be built, while employers in congested areas always under-estimate that number.
The President of the Board of Trade must know that very well and must have experienced it over the years. In that case, why does he continue to say that all these jobs will mature as a result of the projects in Scotland, when he says that a project costing £10 million and providing 1 million square feet of factory space for Fords in Essex, will not provide one extra job?
The pity is that the White Paper gives this kind of support to forecasts which Ministers make from time to time of the number of jobs in the pipeline, but very little is said about the number of jobs which are lost week by week and month by month. When the Secretary of State resigns, he will no doubt become a director of a large capitalist enterprise—probably its chairman. I put it to the right hon. Gentleman that if, when he becomes chairman of some large capitalist enterprise, the sales manager submits a report detailing the new orders which he has received over the period, and fails to mention the orders that he has lost, he should either order him to complete the report, or sack him on the spot.
The Secretary of State for Scotland has not given us the full story. He has proclaimed the gains, but largely ignored the losses. He has made no comparison with our neighbours to show our share

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of an expanding market. That figure is not stated. In the circumstances, perhaps it would not be a bad thing if the right hon. Gentleman were to take the sack.
The only test of Scotland's well-being which the right hon. Gentleman offers us in the Report is the programme of factory building—the jobs in the pipeline. This is the measure of the prosperity which is coming our way. Going back over the years, the then President of the Board of Trade, now the Minister of Aviation, said, in 1953:
"Scotland has 10·4 per cent. of the population, but she has 12·3 per cent. of all the new factory building which has gone on since the war."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 15th July, 1953; Vol. 517, c. 2091.]
It seems to me that there must have been a Government in power some time after the war who managed to give Scotland a fair share of the factory building. Incidentally, three years later, the same Minister, speaking in the same kind of debate, spoke about
"a marked improvement in Scotland's affairs"
and referred to her
"vigorous, growing and expanding economy."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 26th July, 1956; Vol. 557. c. 676–81.]
What are the facts? The latest issue of the Digest of Statistics, issued by the President of the Board of Trade, gives the following figures for factory building at 31st March, 1961: Great Britain 841,185,000 sq. ft.; Scotland, 61,858,000 sq. ft. That is all the industrial building which has been approved between 1st January, 1945, and 31st March, 1961. Scotland now has 8·3 per cent. of the total. This means that in the years when right hon. Gentlemen opposite have been responsible for the government of our country we have fallen from 12·3 per cent. to 8·3 per cent.
If we look at the amount of factory building under construction at the latest available date, which is 30th September last, what do we find? In Great Britain the figure was 98,615,000 sq. ft. Scotland's share was 6,725,000 sq. ft. That represents 6·8 per cent. of the total. That is the position we have reached under the Ministers who are in charge of the nation's affairs at the moment. During the last eight years we have gone back from 12·3 per cent. to 6·8 per cent., and this is the figure about which the Secretary of State for Scotland boasts. This
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is the pipeline which will provide all these jobs in the next few years.
We have only 6·8 per cent. of the total being built because factories are being built in those parts of the country where there is less than 1 per cent. unemployment. In London and the South-East area 14,446,000 sq. ft. of factory space are under construction. The President of the Board of Trade will no doubt say that nobody will be employed in this accommodation. In the Eastern and Southern areas, 13,184,000 sq. ft. are under construction. In the Midlands, the figure is 10,694,000. Those are the areas where the factories are going up; areas where there is a shortage of labour. Factories are not being built in those parts of the country where there is still substantial unemployment.
The Minister of Labour published a Press statement the other day giving the latest unemployment figures. In Great Britain, 258,500 people are unemployed. What is Scotland's share of that figure? It is 59,740, which means that the unemployment figure in Scotland is 23.4 per cent. of the total unemployed. That unemployment figure, and the figure of 6·8 per cent. for factory building, represents the position today, and yet the Secretary of State for Scotland boasts about the extent of the building which is being carried on. He says precious little about the extent of the problem in Scotland.
What is the rate of unemployment in London and the South-East, the Eastern and Southern areas, and the Midlands, where factory building is going on? We find the following figures: London and the South-East, 39,576; Eastern and Southern areas, 17,997; Midlands, 19,261. In each case it amounts to 0·8 per cent. unemployed—no unemployment at all, yet these are the areas where the factories are going up. Unemployment in the areas where factories are not going up amounts to 3, 4 or 5 per cent.
Those figures do not seem to paint a bright and prosperous future for Scotland. I hope that the Secretary of State for Scotland will say how he proposes to correct the disparity to which I have called attention. We were in no way comforted by the speech of the President of the Board of Trade last week. It will be recalled that although he exempted Northern Ireland and Scotland

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from what he was saying, at one point of his speech he went on to say:
"… in England and Wales generally we have made a great deal of progress in tackling the situation where there is pressure of labour in one area and idle hands in another. This we are doing in geographical terms. It will have to be done more and more in terms of industry, the movement of people out of industries where the order books are short into the industries where the order books are long."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 18th July, 1961; Vol. 644. c. 1094.]
What was that intended to convey? Presumably, it meant something? Did it mean that we were to have a payroll tax as from tomorrow? Was it a warning about what was to come in the Chancellor of the Exchequer's statement tomorrow? Did it mean that the right hon. Gentleman would take workers even more rapidly away from Scottish industry and send them to the busier industries of the Midlands or the South? Or did it mean that he would get some of the busy industries into Scotland? He said that he had been dealing with it on a geographical basis, but that he was going to change it.
The President of the Board of Trade (Mr. Reginald Maudling): I did not say that we were going to change. We must deal with it on an industrial as well as a geographical basis.
Mr. Fraser: The right hon. Gentleman said:
"It will have to be done more and more in terms of industry …"
The right hon. Gentleman was not going to make a change, but would do it differently. I would have thought that if he intended to do it more and more in terms of industry he was making a change. If he was not making a change, what he said did not mean anything. The right hon. Gentleman says that what he said meant something, but he also says that it does not mean anything. It seemed to me to be too simple. I do not think that it meant that he would deliberately take more and more workers out of Scottish factories, where they have short order books, and send them to English factories, which had long order books, but that the Chancellor of the Exchequer would be obliged to institute a payroll tax.
The whole point of this, so we were told, was to squeeze workers out of indus-
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tries where they were not needed, into industries where they were, but it is much easier for an employer in Scotland to get rid of all the workers who are not immediately required than it is for an employer in London or the Midlands to do so. The President of the Board of Trade has told us in debates in the House that there is a good deal of concealed unemployment in the congested areas because employers hold on to labour believing that they might need it in a few weeks.
We do not get that kind of concealed employment in areas of unemployment. The employers there can afford to let the workers go. They know that the workers will be waiting for them when they send out the call again. If the Minister has any idea of using the payroll tax to get the workers from an industry where they are less needed into another where they are more needed, he will get a little more unemployment in Scotland without there being any guarantee that he will get workers into the right industries in the South.
I have said that there has been much greater activity in factory building in the South than in Scotland. I now turn to the Ministry of Labour Report for 1960—Cmnd. 1364—to see what happened in the year under review, and I find that the number of employees in Great Britain increased by 350,000. Employees include the unemployed; they are the people who are either in employment or are registered as unemployed but liable to be taken into employment. The employable population increased by 350,000 last year.
What was Scotland's share? A miserable 9,000. With slightly more than 10 per cent. of the population, Scotland's share of the increased working population was 2·5 per cent—a further indication that the jobs are being created in the South, and that industrialists always underestimate the number of jobs which can be provided in the factories in the South whereas in Scotland, and in any of the new development districts, they always overestimate the number of jobs.
The Report on Industry and Employment in Scotland, on pages 58, 59, 60 and later pages, deals with developments affecting the future. Paragraph 8, on page 60, reads as follows:
"North Lanarkshire had a successful year in attracting industrial developments which were

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spread fairly well throughout the district. Completions included the large extension of the steel tubes works of Stewarts & Lloyds Ltd. at Bellshill.."
Is the Secretary of State aware that on Friday, 14th July—Glasgow Fair Friday—800 men collected their employment books because there were no job for them? In this firm, which is said to have the most modern steel mill of its kind in Europe, 800 men lost their jobs. It is not likely that these are the circumstances which the Chancellor is likely to describe tomorrow, when he imposes his new credit squeeze, or his capital restrictions, or his increasd Purchase Tax, or whatever steps he is to take. He is not likely to use as the background of his speech the picture which emerges from any analysis of the economic position in Scotland. In those circumstances, I very much hope that the Secretary of State will have made clear to the Chancellor of the Exchequer that we are in no mood to be put off with a further restriction of development in Scotland.
Incidentally, in paragraph 176, on page 45, the Report states:
"This year there will be 13,000 extra boys and girls seeking work as compared with 1960. …"
Next year it will not be an extra 13,000; it will be an extra 20,000. That is not the total; it is merely the increase. We see how inadequate the Government's programme is in relation to new work to provide openings for those youngsters. The table setting out new factory building shows that the potential employment in the factories completed in Scotland in the first three months amounted to 696 jobs.
We are told that 13,000 more youngsters will be leaving school and looking for employment this year, and that in the first three months 696 extra jobs were provided. Where will the youngsters find jobs? Does any hon. Member opposite think that they will find them in Scotland? Hon. Members opposite know that they will not? What will they do? Will they take the high road to England—or, as is becoming a little more fashionable, to Germany? These youngsters are not growing up in an affluent society; they want no more than the right to work and, in particular, to get into a job which provides some training for skill.
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Let us consider the position of youths under 18 years of age. In 1951, we had 85,400 in employment in Scotland, and another 716 unemployed. In 1960, we had 81,500 in employment. In the debate a year ago the Under-Secretary said that we had to remember that youngsters were staying longer at school. Unfortunately, looking at the relevant figure for youths under 18 who are unemployed we find that in 1960 it was 2,023. Whereas the number in employment has fallen by 4,000, the number unemployed has risen from 700 to 2,000. That is a threefold increase. Notwithstanding the fact that many youths are staying longer at school, more are unemployed now than a: any time during the last ten years.
I do not object to these young people showing a little enterprise and looking for pastures new. I do not mind some of them going to England, and many more going to Commonwealth countries or other overseas countries in search of employment. But our loss of employable labour by migration is a standing disgrace. Over the past ten years we have lost 250,000 of our population. I have no doubt that if we had real prosperity in Scotland, with full employment, many people would still be leaving. I do not complain about that. But we would not have had this loss. People are not coming in to match the numbers going out, because of the lack of opportunity in Scotland.
I do not want to harp on the number of unemployed and the hopeless inadequacy of the number of factory jobs being provided, but when we are told, as we were only last week, by the President of the Board of Trade, at that Dispatch Box, about the increase in our imports of manufactured goods and capital goods, due to the fact that we could not produce them in Britain, we can only point out that the only reason for our being unable to do so is that we are trying to produce them all in the same place. Why cannot we use some of our Scottish workers, with their native engineering skill, to produce some of these manufactured goods and machine tools? We have a good machine tool industry in Scotland, but it is too small.
If private enterprise will not give Scottish workpeople the opportunity to do this job, public enterprise must go in. I do not have much confidence that right hon. Members opposite will set up a new

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instrument of public enterprise to do the job, but they must know in their hearts that if private enterprise will not do it, and if public enterprise does not, in a few years' time Scotland will be a desert.
The record of the last ten years in Scotland is far and away the worst of all the small countries of Europe, some with a smaller population than Scotland and none with Scotland's proud record in industry. We were in the forefront of the Industrial Revolution, 200 years ago. Now we are lagging behind countries to which the industrial revolution came only in this, the twentieth century. I do not know why the Secretary of State is not wholly ashamed of this performance.
The Report also deals with Scottish roads. I listened with some interest to the answer given by the Minister of Transport last week. When asked about motorways he said:
"Since 30th April this year, contracts have been placed for 50 miles of new motorway. I hope that contracts for major bridge and tunnel works on the routes of a further 30 miles will be placed by the end of this year. About 170 miles are now under construction. I am going ahead, as fast as statutory procedures and availability of funds permit, with the detailed preparation on all projects for which lines have been fixed. Preliminary work is meanwhile in hand on some 420 miles of proposed motorway for which lines have not yet been established."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 19th July, 1961; Vol. 644, c. 1236.]
How many miles of motorway has he built in Scotland? None. There is not a yard of motorway in Scotland. The work on our trunk roads is hopelessly inadequate to our needs, and I defy any hon. Member opposite to say that he or she is not painfully aware of the slow progress that is made on any of these Scottish projects compared with the progress made on projects in the South.
I said that we have no motorways. The busiest road in Scotland is the A.74, the trunk road from Glasgow to the South. Incidentally, the A.74 carries 90 per cent. of all the long-distance road haulage that runs on the roads of Scotland. That is a surprising proportion. The Secretary of State is working on it. He has a lot of schemes going on in connection with the A.74. In another two or three years, the motorist will have a dual carriage road from Carlisle to Larkhill, in my constituency—and then he will enter the bottleneck, the most difficult and
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costly bit of the A.74, which must be left to the last. The real bottleneck of the A.74 is where it passes through my constituency, in the town of Hamilton; but that is the last part of the A.74 to be constructed.
The Secretary of State is providing a dual carriageway all the way from the Border, so that the long-distance road haulage vehicles will come thundering more quickly than ever before into this bottleneck. After he has managed to get this bottleneck more congested than ever, this part of the A.74 will have to be used to service the construction of the Hamilton by-pass, which the right hon. Gentleman is pleased to call his first motorway in Scotland. If the Secretary of State has ever had a crazier plan than this one, I hope that he will tell us about it. I would have thought that he and other hon. Members opposite would take the view that better roads would help to attract more industrial expansion. The Secretary of State does not seem to see any connection whatsoever between the two.
The Secretary of State is more disposed to think that the way to solve our unemployment problems is for the councils to charge higher rents for houses. At least, that is what he said in the Scottish Grand Committee, on 4th July:
"Experience shows that the low rent tradition—I make this remark deliberately—stamps an area as industrially and socially old-fashioned, so that new industry tends to hesitate before seeking new investment and providing new employment in such areas."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, Scottish Grand Committee, 4th July, 1961, c 16.]
I would ask the Secretary of State to look at the information he so readily publishes. If he looks at the Census Report he will find that the depopulation of the Border counties, except Dumfries, is quite frightening. If he looks at another publication which he puts out he will see that the Border counties have higher than average council rents. People are not leaving those areas because there are too many jobs, or because the rents are too high, but because they do not have employment in the areas.
The right hon. Gentleman is very concerned about unemployment in Greenock and Port Glasgow. I find that Greenock is among the most highly rented large

65
burghs in Scotland—20 per cent. above the average. It has by far the highest unemployment figure of the large burghs. The industrialists cannot know about the high rents paid in Greenock, or they would be rushing there. Why did not he tell the industrialists? Or is he now telling the President of the Board of Trade that they have high rents in Greenock? If he just lets them know, the industrialists will be running to Greenock to provide jobs.
The B.M.C. must not have known that West Lothian was one of the lowest-rented counties in Scotland, because that is where it took its factory. It is a good thing that the Secretary of State did not meet the chairman because he could have told him that there were low rents there and, therefore, that the area was unattractive to industrialists. The truth is that the Secretary of State talks the most arrant nonsense on these matters. I sometimes wonder whether he is being undermined by his scriptwriter.
I turn to the section of the Report which deals with building. It appears that the Secretary of State made a tremendous discovery. He found that most building materials were in good supply. Of course, building materials are in good supply—that is why brick works are closing. That brick works are closing now and building materials are in good supply when we need more factories, houses, hospitals and schools is not something to boast about, but to apologise for. There is such a backlog of building work today that it is a disgrace that already this year several brick works have been closed in Lanarkshire—and this is before the announcement to be made by the Chancellor of the Exchequer tomorrow.
The truth is that the White Paper reeks of complacency. In his statement tomorrow, I hope that the Chancellor will be planning expansion and not contraction in Scotland. In Scotland, we have never "lived it up." By the test of television sets, washing machines, refrigerators and motor cars, Scotland is a relatively poor country. That is, unhappily, the truth. The test of motor cars is often applied to compare our well-being with the well-being of European countries. There are about seven cars per 100 of the population in Scotland as compared with ten in England.
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This puts us well behind many of those European countries with which the comparison is so frequently made.
I hope that the Secretary of State will have made clear to the Chancellor that in Scotland we have not sat in at a banquet and that we must molt be made to share the hang-over. We do not want more credit squeeze or capital restriction in Scotland. The Leader of the House has been calling for service and sacrifice. The Tories have sacrificed Scotland for ten years and all that the Scottish people ask is the right and the opportunity to serve.
4.41 p.m.
The President of the Board of Trade (Mr. Reginald Maudling): The Report on Industry and Employment in Scotland shows a substantial improvement in the position of employment, investment and production in Scotland. No one who reads it with any objectivity at all can deny that—[HON. MEMBERS: "Oh."] Of course, that is not the purpose of some hon. Members opposite.
The hon. Member for Hamilton (Mr. T. Fraser) dredged out every possible piece of gloomy information that he could find. He started by blaming the Press for not reading the Report, but I suspect that he may possibly bear blame for not reading some parts of it himself. Some parts he studied, the very gloomy bits, but the other bits, I think, he tended to ignore.
If hon. Members have not noticed from this Report that industry after industry is showing increased production and that the employment figures are looking better and industrial investment is looking better, and if they want to write down the prospects of Scotland, well, let them. But all I can say is that they are doing no good to Scotland.
Mr. James McInnes: The Government have been saying that for ten years.
Mr. Maudling: Despite the protests of hon. Members opposite, the Government have persisted in this "rather foolish course" and have gone ahead with a programme which has brought more jobs and employment to Scotland.
The hon. Member for Hamilton cast some doubt on the figures of jobs in the pipeline. Of course I agree that these

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figures are tentative. We cannot guarantee that they will be exact. We take the figures which are given by employers in respect of industrial development certificates which are granted or Government assistance which is provided. But by and large I should think that they are fairly accurate. The hon. Member was accurate when he talked about a factory extension in the South of England which was yielding no additional employment. This is part of an agreement which we reached with the motor industry which, I think, was a very satisfactory agreement.
I have always taken the view that the purpose of the Local Employment Act was to provide employment and jobs. Therefore, I am concerned to see that the new jobs created in our economy are, so far as possible in the development districts. If an employer can use the same labour force more efficiently by having more space in Birmingham or London, I am quite prepared to see him have it. That seems to me pure common sense. But I thought that the hon. Member for Hamilton was implying that if any employer in the South of England had more factory space he would employ more labour. That is not so.
It is a perfectly clear understanding which I have reached with this firm and with other firms, as part of the general policy. These firms put up their new employing capacity in a development district. At the same time, we permit them to expand their factory space in a congested district where they can more efficiently use the existing level of manpower. That seems to me to be in the interests of efficiency, of our economy and of our export trade and in the interests also of the development districts.
Mr. T. Fraser: Does the right hon. Gentleman believe that that happens?
Mr. Maudling: If I did not I should not do it, and if the hon. Member has any evidence that it does not work I shall be glad if the hon. Gentleman will provide me with it.
Mr. Fraser: The evidence is contained in Appendix 5 of the Report of the Ministry of Labour, where it states that of the 350,000 new employments last year only 9,000 or 2½ per cent., were in Scotland.
Mr. Maudling: With respect, that is no evidence whatever. The hon. Gentleman knows very well what I am saying. Certain firms have undertaken, in exchange for the opportunity to expand their premises in the South of England, that they will not increase their labour ceiling and their new development will go to Merseyside, Scotland, or South Wales. I have seen no evidence that that is not being done and the hon. Gentleman should not suggest that industry is not carrying that out, unless he has evidence to that effect
Mr. Fraser: It is in the Report.
Mr. Maudling: The Report deals with the period before this happened.
Mr. Fraser: During the last ten years the number of people in jobs in Britain has increased by 1½ million. Is that true or untrue? In the last ten years the number of people employed in Scotland has remained virtually static. Is that true or untrue?
Mr. Maudling: Whether it is true or not, it is irrelevant to the point which I am making. It is entirely irrelevant, and if the hon. Member reflects on what has been said this afternoon, he will realise that.
We cannot determine the location of industry in the United Kingdom entirely on the percentages of unemployment in different districts. That just makes no sense whatever. Quite apart from the importance of ensuring that there is not too much congestion in one area and not too much unemployment in another, there is the question of industrial efficiency, and the rise in costs which often happens if an industry is forced to develop in a location which is commercially disadvantageous.
We must be sensible when discussing those matters. It is absurd to look only at one side of the picture. I should have thought that that it would be agreed that in the last year or so the Government have done an immense amount and taken a strong line on industrial location. On many occasions we have refused to approve industrial expansion in the South and in the Midlands, which, on the face of it, looked commercially attractive, and insisted that this development should take place in areas of substantial unemployment. Sometimes we

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have done that at considerable risk to the exporting and productive capacity of the country as a whole.
We are trying to hold the balance between these things. Sometimes I am criticised by hon. Members on both sides or refusing an industrial certificate in Nuneaton, Birmingham, Landon or Portsmouth. Today, I am criticised for allowing certain industrial expansion in these industrial areas. I suggest to the Committee that the sensible line for any Government to take in these matters is to try to get industrial development and employing capacity in the development districts wherever possible, but not to take action at the expense of the general efficiency of the economy and the export prospects of some of our rapidly expanding firms.
Mr. A. C. Manuel: This is very intriguing. The right hon. Gentleman is citing an area where there is unemployment. It is not, in his opinion, a commercial area because of some capitalist standard, about which he knows but about which I do not know very much. It is, therefore, better that industry should not go to that area.
The right hon. Gentleman says that he has to balance the thing up. Does he agree that industry generally should serve the needs of the people? Or should the people move, irrespective of ties of family and responsibility for educating their children and everything else, and go, at the behest of industry, to whatever area industry is located?
Mr. Maudling: The point I am making is that we must strike a balance between these two things. Very often, if we were to force certain industrial expansions, say for the export trade, to development districts, such development would not be economic because of extra costs—the carriage of components and high management costs, and so on. It would be of no benefit to Scotland or to any other part of the United Kingdom to force an industry to do anything which made it uncompetitive.—[HON. MEMBERS: "That is old-fashioned."] It may be that what I am saying is old-fashioned, but it is true, and it may well be that it is better to be old-fashioned and better to stick to truth and the facts.
While we are talking about accuracy in these matters, may I say that I
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have been inquiring into the steel production figures given by the hon. Member for Hamilton. It is true that in the second and third weeks of July there was a large fall in steel output. I am told that this was due to the special situation resulting from the Glasgow Fair holiday.
Mr. T. Fraser: I did not throw those figures out irresponsibly. I have been in touch with the steel unions. In fact, the trade unions have been in touch with me and have given me details of every blast furnace which has gone out and which is running at lower pressure. All these figures are agreed with the steel employers in Scotland. We are planning now on producing rather more than 17,000 tons a week less.
Mr. Maudling: I was not quarrelling with the hon. Gentleman's figures. I was giving him the information which I have as to the reason for them; and I think that he will find that my information is accurate.
The hon. Member for Hamilton referred to what I said the other day about labour movement from industries with short order books to those with long order books. I certainly did not mean one movement to be alternative to the other. I was saying that already we have done a great deal to encourage industry to expand in areas where there is an excess of labour. That process must continue and is continuing. In addition, we want throughout the country a movement and, if possible, a more rapid movement, of labour out of industrial areas where order books are short and into areas where order books are long.
I agree that in Scotland special considerations—to which the hon. Member referred quite clearly—may make the position different from that in the United Kingdom as a whole, but the proposition is perfectly fair: that it is essential to make the maximum use of our labour force. We cannot expect people to move all the time to where there are jobs. Therefore, we have to have a policy to ensure that, where economically possible, development takes place in areas where people are looking for jobs. At the same time, we as a country must reconcile ourselves to the changing economic circumstances and changing economic resources of expanding industries.
Mr. Hector Hughes: The right hon. Gentleman is making the point that industry and employment have been fairly distributed throughout the country as a whole. Does he know that the figures show that unemployment in Scotland is twice that in the rest of Britain and has remained in that disparity for the last ten years? The Government have done nothing—successfully, at any rate—to equalise unemployment in England and Scotland.
Mr. Maudling: If the hon. and and learned Member will possess himself in patience he will find that as I go along I shall deal with the point that he has made.
The hon. Member for Hamilton, in his closing remarks said that in a few years Scotland will be a desert. That is the sort of nonsense which does no good to Scotland or to anyone. If we look at the facts in the Report we find that, as I have said, employment, production and investment in Scotland are all showing a definite improvement. It is perfectly fair for hon. Members opposite to say that the improvement is inadequate and should be greater, but it is neither fair nor sensible to ignore the facts which are so clearly set out in the Report.
The rise in production last year was about 6 per cent. above 1959. It is true that it is still slower than in England. That is because of the higher predominence in the Scottish industrial scene of the traditional industries of mining and shipbuilding, both of which are showing a decline whereas general engineering industry, the chemical industry and manufacturing industry are expanding. The basis of different trends in Scotland and the rest of Great Britain is the Scottish dependence on traditional industries which, for economic and cyclical reasons, show a tendency to decline.
The hon. Member underestimated what has been achieved in employment. In 1960, unemployment, on an average, was down to 3·7 per cent. compared with 4·4 per cent. in 1959 and since then it has been consistently better. For the first time for some years unemployment fell in the early parts of this year and has continued falling. In June, it was 2·8 per cent., which was a very great improvement on the position a year ago. The improvement has also been seen in
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the Scottish development districts. From April, 1960, to April, 1961, the percentage fell from 5 per cent. to 4·1 per cent. and on the latest figures it was down to 3·5 per cent.
I should have thought that a considerable improvement. The largest decreases were in Glasgow, North Lanarkshire and Shotts, Peterhead and Buckie, and Bathgate, but I agree that there are places in which the situation has got worse. [HON. MEMBERS: "Oh."] How can we expect Scotland to pick up in this atmosphere? In Dundee and Broughty Ferry the position got worse and in Greenock and Port Glasgow it is slightly deteriorating.
Mr. George Lawson: I accept these figures, but I am sure the right hon. Gentleman will agree that one cannot reasonably compare one area with another. To know what is happening one must go back a number of years. Will he tell the Committee how these figures compare with 1957?
Mr. Maudling: I am sorry that I have not those figures available. What I am talking about is the period covered by this Report. It is a period which has shown a considerable improvement on the situation which we saw a little time ago.
About 7,600 redundancies have been notified this year. There have also been one or two disappointing examples recently, to which hon. Members have called my attention. As we see a large number of new enterprises entering Scotland and expanding there will also be other industries which decline. The figure on which one must fasten attention is the net gain, which is considerable, in the employment situation.
There is one particular situation in Scotland to which a number of hon. Members have called my attention when they have come to see me about particular districts. That is the question of employment of young people. We have been very well aware of the great concern in Scotland about that. I am also aware of the large increase in the number of school leavers that there will be in the near future.
This is still a serious problem, but I think, once again, that there has been an improvement which should not be ignored. Unemployment among young

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workers in June was less than it has been for four years. It was just over 2,000. There were 8,000 unfilled vacancies. The apprentice intake of boys in 1960 showed a 6 per cent. increase over the previous year. There have been encouraging signs of interest shown by firms in apprentice training. The jute industry and Colvilles have new schemes. I am glad to see that a Scottish committee has been set up as a result of a meeting of the Industrial Training Council.
I am quite certain that my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State will agree with me, for I know his mind on these matters, that in view of the bulge in the birthrate we shall have this problem with us for some time. While I agree that it is a problem which we must continue to watch very carefully, I say, once again, that we should not underestimate the progress made during the last year.
The next point I refer to in recent developments is the rate of investment in Scotland. Looking again at the Report, we find that over the last three years public investment in Scotland has been about £170 million a year. That is a steady average and is about 13 per cent. of the total for Great Britain. It compares favourably with the population statistics. Investment in private manufacturing industry has lagged behind a little, but there has been a considerable improvement between 1958 and 1960. In 1960, investment in private manufacturing industry in Scotland went up by 30 per cent. compared with only 18 per cent. in the United Kingdom as a whole. That is one example in which I am glad to see Scotland getting ahead of the average for the whole United Kingdom. I am sure that the hon. Member for Hamilton would welcome that.
Turning to the prospects as revealed by the Report, which are covered very clearly in paragraph 177 onwards, I think that there is—[An HON. MEMBER: "What about the figures?"]. We may bath juggle with the figures, but the only difference between the hon. Member and myself is that I catch the ball when it comes down whereas he sometimes drops it. The improvement we can look to here is very solid. Shipbuilding is obviously up against a very difficult time still, but one or two recent orders have
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been encouraging. There was the order which Lithgow's had for a tanker for Norway, which shows that the best Scottish yards can compete with European competitors. I am certain that credit facilities available to our builders are equally as good as those available to our competitors.
Dr. J. Dickson Mabon: Is it not the fact that the reason for that order lies in the large funds behind the company, so that it is able to give credit facilities which other companies cannot offer? Does not that underline the need for the Government to take much more vigorous steps than they have done in the past to provide far better credit facilities for all shipbuilders in Scotland?
Mr. Maudling: The Government do not provide credit facilities; they provide credit insurance facilities. If the hon. Gentleman looks at this case, he will find that it was contracted after the improvements made by the Government in that direction a few months ago, which is rather good evidence that what we did was helpful to the Scottish industry. I think that other orders will follow.
Shipbuilding is facing difficulties, and we all know that coal mining, with its geographical problems, high costs and relative unprofitability is also in difficulty. The textile position is rather mixed. Jute has been running into a rather difficult patch, because of the present price structure of the raw material, but we hope that it will improve. On the other hand, knitwear and some other textiles are showing considerable improvement, and clothing is certainly on the upgrade.
I suppose that the engineering industry is the most important of all, and here it is encouraging to see the heavy side of the industry getting more orders in recent months. That is only to be expected in view of the growing rate of investment but, in the past, one has been concerned to see that side of the industry lagging, and the recent pick-up has been encouraging.
Paper and printing progress, chemicals are doing very well, and the food and drink industries maintain their progress. Improvements in the aircraft position, referred to in the Report, may counterbalance the decreases in locomotive construction, which are considerable. The

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construction industry, of course, has a very heavy order book.
I am sure that new developments either already introduced or now taking place in Scotland will add to production and employment prospects. The developments at Colvilles are very important, bath in themselves and for what they will provide as a general industrial base. There have been developments in the motor industry, and the component manufacturers are showing signs of following those firms, as was predicted before the movement took place. There is Hughes Aircraft, National Cash Register and, in clothing Simpsons and Playtex. There is the firm of Thames Board Mills in the paper and printing field, and British Hydrocarbon provides another source of employment.
Throughout the Scottish scene one can see a number of new developments that will add to the general hopes one has of an expansion of Scottish production and employment, but it is perfectly right to say that one must balance these increases in the expanding industries against the continuing serious problems facing coal mining and shipbuilding, and the fact that in Scotland the industrial percentage represented by coal mining and shipbuilding is so much higher than it is in the United Kingdom.
A word now about the Government's contribution to the present position. We have given considerable assistance to the steel industry—with, sometimes, a certain amount of controversy over the manner in which it has been given. We have helped the shipbuilding industry for several years now by the very favourable tax concessions given to British shipowners and, with the Greenock dry dock the Government are making a useful contribution to a traditional industry. When thinking of new industries and occupations it is always important not to forget the jobs created in the old traditional industries, which can be just as important—
Mr. John Rankin: But, surely, the right hon. Gentleman would agree that the 40 per cent. tax rebate to the shipowners in no way compares with the assistance at present being given to Canadian shipowners by the Canadian Government—and that is just one example.
Mr. Maudling: It is very hard to compare a tax rebate of this kind with the type of regulations that the Canadians propose for the carriage in certain areas of their own cargoes in their own ships. I do not think that one can strike a balance. Nevertheless, the 40 per cent. rebate is a very big and special assistance to the industry, and is one that I think that hon. Members have always recognised as being right to give. It has meant that the taxation problem of the shipbuilding industry is now much smaller, but I agree that flag discrimination, which is much less within our control, is still very formidable.
Since the war 50 million sq. ft. of new factory space has been built in Scotland, creating employment for 115,000 people. Of this total, about 20 per cent. of the factory space, providing over 50,000 jobs, has been built by the Board of Trade. Since the Local Employment Act came into force, Board of Trade factories have been approved in principle to provide over 2½ million sq. ft. of factory space, which will provide over 11,000 jobs, and the buildings providing most of this space are now under construction. That is a fairly formidable total of Government assistance given to Scotland for factory building.
Generally speaking, we find it much better to build factories to the requirements of the industrialists. First, one catches one's bird and then one provides—I will not say the cage, but the factory for him. There are cases, however, where good arguments for an advance factory are put forward, and we have agreed to build a few. I am glad to say that we have found a tenant for the first factory at Coatbridge, and hope soon to announce the details. This should provide useful new jobs there. We hope to find tenants, also, for the other advance factory.
The units at Carfin have been taken over, and I pay tribute here to hon. Members opposite for pressing me on that point. I am always willing, I hope, when I am wrong, to agree that I have been wrong. Owing, as I say, to the persistence of hon. Members opposite, we have taken over some of the premises at Carfin, and this is making a contribution I acknowledge that this was good enterprise on the part of hon. Members opposite—
Dr. Dickson Mabon: Before the right hon. Gentleman leaves the subject of advance factories, may I ask whether it is his intention soon to designate a new advance factory? And, if so, would he consider the Port Glasgow Industrial Estate as a site for it?
Mr. Maudling: If it were my intention to do so in the future I would not be able to say so now, but I am quite certain that if and when this comes to be dealt with the claims of the Port of Glasgow will be forcefully put to us, not least by the hon. Member.
Since the Local Employment Act came into force, a great deal of assistance has been given to Scotland. The latest figures, those from 1st April, 1960, to 14th July of this year show that total financial assistance of about £24 million was offered, estimated to provide over 20,000 new jobs. That is a very large amount, indeed; it represents nearly half of the total amount of assistance given or offered to the whole of Great Britain.
If the hon. Member who talked about unemployment percentages would look at the figures, and relate unemployment in Scotland and Great Britain as a whole to the assistance given to Scotland and Great Britain as a whole, he would find that Scotland has had very generous assistance. It has had 47 per cent. of the assistance offered under the Local Employment Act, which relates very well to the total unemployment in Scotland at the time of the passing of the Act—
Mr. McInnes: Last year, the right hon. Gentleman categorically stated that there were 39,000 new jobs in the pipeline. We have not seen where those 39,000 new jobs are, but today he adds another 20,000 to them. Will the right hon. Gentleman say where those jobs are?
Mr. Maudling: They are in the pipeline. [An HON. MEMBER: "Oh."] The hon. Member is making a mystery—[An HON MEMBER: "There's a hole in the pipeline."]—about the number of jobs coming forward from projects we have approved or financed. Quite a number of the jobs that were only in prospect a year ago are now actual jobs. That is why the unemployment figures are so much better, particularly in the development districts. I therefore hope that the hon. Gentleman will take heart from the fact that a number of new jobs has come
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into existence, because I am sure that that is what he and his constituents wish to see—
Mr. Thomas Steele: The right hon. Gentleman has stated that £24 million has been offered, but he did not say whether it had been taken up. Does this sum include certain offers to the Albion Motor Company, and others? Further, has the £24 million not only been offered but accepted by firms that are going ahead with projects?
Mr. Maudling: I could not give the exact proportions. The great majority of it would have been accepted. I cannot say what, in particular, has been accepted, but the figure represents the total amount that the Government have offered by way of assistance to Scotland since the passing of the Local Employment Act, It represents 47 per cent. of the total value of offers made to the United Kingdom as a whole.
The range of products to which help has been approved in principle in Scotland ranges from motor cars, electric condensors, sheet metal works, accessories for motor cars, machine tools, electric engines, gas and electric appliances to, I am glad to report, a firm making golf clubs. It shows that we do not exclude the small industries as well as pay attention to the large ones.
One of the great problems is that of the Highlands, and I think it would be unreasonable to expect the same pattern to present itself there as in the industrial belt of Scotland. About £½ million has been offered to projects in the Highlands and we shall certainly continue all the time to look as sympathetically as we can at projects of expansion in that area. However, I think that, largely, they will have to be based upon the local agricultural and forestry industries and the uses and developments of the products of those industries.
Of course, there is the extremely important tourist industry which, I am glad to say, showed last year, despite the bad weather, an improvement. [HON. MEMBERS: "Not the bad weather."] I see; it is never bad weather in Scotland.
I am told that 90 per cent. of the £24 million has been accepted. I think that all concerned with promoting the tourist industry in Scotland are entitled to congratulation on the efforts that they

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have made, and certainly the contribution which they make to the general well-being of Scotland and the balance of payments of the country as a whole are very much to be welcomed by all concerned.
I have been trying to deal with the points raised by the hon. Member for Hamilton and with the general industrial and employment picture in Scotland, and making the point that there has been an improvement in the period since our last debate in employment and production. Investment is at a high level, but though a number of projects have come into Scotland and a very large amount of Government assistance has been rightly concentrated on Scotland, because her claims are very strong, the problem will remain one of diversification, of finding new industries, not only to provide additional employment but also to make good the decline which we must expect in some of the traditional Scottish industries.
The position under the Local Employment Act, of steering industry to Scotland has changed to some extent, As one would naturally expect, the development districts near to Birmingham, Coventry and London—places like Merseyside and South Wales—are bound to attract industry more than are places like Scotland, Ulster and the North-East Coast. As we have been able to provide industry in these nearer areas so we have removed places from the list of development districts, or we have notified them that we will not accept further applications for assistance. There is more and more a concentration of Government help in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
At the same time, one must recognise that it is more difficult to expect a business in the Midlands or the South to locate expansion of plant in Scotland than in the South-West or Merseyside. In same ways, the best prospects for the development in Scotland are those offered by American and other foreign firms who are coming to this country. It is no more a disadvantage to them to set up in Scotland than to set up in the South. In fact, there is often skilled labour available there. If people have a main base in London and are setting up a branch factory elsewhere at a distance from their markets it creates great
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difficulties in the carriage of components and other necessary materials.
The development districts in England and Wales have attracted a good deal of industry and, therefore, the concentration of our help is now much mare in Scotland and Northern Ireland. The difficulties of getting industrial expansion to take place in those areas are growing all the time.
The figure of about 29,000 jobs in prospect, of which 25,000 are in the development districts, is very encouraging. We shall continue to try to get further industry into Scotland, and it will greatly assist if hon. Members will do their best to make Scottish industry as competitive as possible, to reduce the costs of production there as much as possible, to get away from the idea that everything in Scotland is gloomy and disastrous, and to paint the picture, not of the wicked Government trying to grind down the Scottish people, but of the expansion that can take place given the help that the Government are providing and, given a proper determination on behalf of the Scottish people, employers and workers alike, to ensure that industrialists are not forced to go to Scotland but want to go there.
5.16 p.m.
Mr. John Strachey: I do not think that the speech of the President of the Board of Trade will have done anything to mitigate the sense of complacency which we got from the White Paper. The right hon. Gentleman seems to have said little more than that it was very wrong of us to attempt to puncture that complacency. Surely, if, in our opinion, the situation is unsatisfactory, it is our duty to point it out so that it may be remedied. We certainly resent this impression that we are doing some disservice either to our own constituencies or to Scotland as a whole when we do that.
It is perfectly true that there has been a decrease in unemployment in Scotland. After all, in a period when in the United Kingdom as a whole unemployment has gone down to a very low level indeed, it would be disastrous if there had not been some improvement in Scotland also. If the Government are relying on the overall position of employment in the United Kingdom as a whole, then I must remind the President of the Board of

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Trade of what is going to take place tomorrow when his right hon. Friend the Chancellor deals with the matter of unemployment in the United Kingdom because it cannot be denied that the effect, and, indeed, the object, of the announcements which we are told the Chancellor is to make to us tomorrow are to reduce the level of employment in the United Kingdom as a whole.
We do not think that that is necessary, but no one can deny, whether it is necessary or not, that its effect will be disastrous in areas like Scotland where there is still a substantial level of unemployment. Therefore, it seems to me that my hon. Friend the Member for Hamilton (Mr. T. Fraser) was fully justified in making the real comparison which he did of the relative position between Scotland and the United Kingdom as a whole. Surely that is the relevant thing, because we in Scotland cannot possibly depend upon a general, undiscriminating policy which would produce overfull employment and an excessive demand on labour in the Midlands and London long before it soaked up the pool of unemployment in Scotland.
What depressed us most, I think, in the right hon. Gentleman's speech was the attack—I can call it nothing less—on the whole principle of the distribution of industry which he made in several passages of his speech. It really seems to us most retrograde for the right hon. Gentleman to take the occasion, which he did today, to stress all the arguments against measures for the redistribution of industry, under the old Act or under the Local Employment Act.
After all, what is the argument which he stressed so heavily about costs being so much higher in the areas of high unemployment like Scotland? It is true that we cannot move a shipbuilding firm inland, neither can we move coalfields to areas where there is no coal. But if we apply that argument to industries such as engineering, clothing, and all the lighter industries, how much substance is there in the suggestion that costs are higher in Scotland? I should have thought that there is very little in the argument.
If the economic principles by which the present Government set such store have anything in them, the whole ten-
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dency in areas where the supply of labour is in excess of demand is that costs are lower, and not higher. I do not think that anyone could deny that. In areas like the Midlands and London, which the Government, at any rate, think are overfull of employment, the tendency is to push up wage rates and to force firms to work overtime. That is less true in areas where there is still susbtantial unemployment. It is, therefore, impossible for us to believe that industries cannot be induced or forced to go to areas of unemployment because the costs would be so much higher and because they would be uncompetitive in the export markets. That is demonstrably false.
It is profoundly disturbing to every hon. Member on this side of the Committee that those arguments should be trotted out to us. We feel that the sustained effort to discriminate in favour of Scotland and other areas of high unemployment, which we regard as indispensable, is not going to be maintained. The relative figures which my hon. Friend the Member for Hamilton produced are extremely strong and they show that Scotland, in terms of development, is not even holding its own.
As my hon. Friend said, Scotland has 10 per cent. of the population of the British Isles, and yet it is getting just over 6 per cent. of the factory building and, therefore, is tending to lag still further behind. Whatever is the absolute level of unemployment at a particular time—and it will go up and down with the United Kingdom average to some extent—unless far more determined efforts are made than the Government are even considering at the moment, we cannot be satisfied.
Consider the figures of emigration from Scotland which my hon. Friend mentioned. He said that in many respects Scotland had a far worse record in economic development under the present Government than have many of the smaller countries in Europe. That is undeniable. My hon. Friend referred to one smaller country in Europe which bears a similarity to Scotland. The other small country where there is a flood of emigration is East Germany. I am not saying that the emigration from Scotland is on the same level—
Commander C. E. M. Donaldson: Nor for the same reason.
Mr. Strachey: Nor for the same reason, certainly not. The reason in Scotland is persistent unemployment, and it is a very discreditable reason to this Government. So long as that goes on, no Scottish Member can possibly be satisfied.
I wish to say a word about the position of Dundee. On earlier occasions when we have debated the situation in Scotland, Dundee has been relatively well blessed, but today it is very badly blessed compared to the rest of Scotland. Our anxieties about employment in Dundee have grown markedly in recent months. There has been a deterioration in the situation, which has varied from month to month. A month ago unemployment was at a substantial level of 4·8 per cent. which, for a large industrial city like Dundee, is grave, and it varies between 3 and 4 per cent. at different times which is not only far above the United Kingdom average but well above the Scottish average.
Nothing that the President of the Board of Trade has said today will be of much comfort to Dundee. Our main industry is still jute. I was careful to note the right hon. Gentleman's words. He said that the jute industry had been going through a difficult patch and it was to be hoped that it would improve. No one can contradict that hope, but it certainly does not suggest that the Government have anything in mind to help the position there.
If there is to be any question of entry into the European Common Market, the jute interests which are so highly concentrated in the area of Dundee require careful consideration. I am not saying that it is necessarily impossible to reconcile them with membership of the Common Market—it may be possible to do so—but it will require great care and attention. It is not a question of European competition in finished jute goods. It is rather a question—and a complicated one—of reconciling the present arrangements for the import of Indian finished jute goods with membership of the Common Market and without detriment to our Commonwealth relations. It will not be easy, but it may be possible, and we shall certainly press very hard on the Government to make
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that one of the conditions of entry into the Common Market.
I want to say a word about the efforts which are being made in the City of Dundee to help itself. I think that the Secretary of State, who has been there recently, will agree that real efforts are being made to this end. The problem is quite serious. To reduce the level of unemployment in Dundee to 2 per cent., which is quite a modest goal—it would still be well above the present United Kingdom level—probably between 2,000 and 3,000 more jobs are needed, and there seems little or no prospect of getting them.
That conclusion has been reached quite impartially by a committee set up under Lord Provost McManus, who is doing very fine work indeed in this respect in conjunction with the wide interests in the city—leading employers, the trades council, the chamber of commerce and men and women in the universities who are experts in economics.
They have arrived at certain conclusions as a result of a questionnaire issued by the department of economics at the university, under Professor Campbell, who deserves the thanks of the city for the work he has done. The decidedly disturbing conclusion is reached, that, when all the measures—and there are some—which are going on to help Dundee are taken into account, with new projects like the Tay road bridge, the new hospital, the clearance of the centre of the city and industrial developments—there are not many—which are taking place there, there is a grave deficiency still in employment prospects.
I trust that the Secretary of State will give us some reassurance. In the first place, we want to be assured that there can be no question of stretching out the time or postponing present projects such as the Tay road bridge, the building of the hospital, and so on. The Tay road bridge is of great importance. We realise that the actual number of jobs given locally in the building of the bridge is not in itself likely to be very great, but any postponement of the start of construction under the economy measures which are threatened would have a disastrous psychological effect in Dundee generally and on employment prospects in particular. Experience shows that big

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road bridges connecting somewhat distant areas with the rest of the country have a very great stimulating effect on the prospect of bringing in new industries, and this is certainly true of Dundee.
We ask for more assurance than that. We ask that the deficit, for such it is, in the prospect of jobs which local inquiries in Dundee have revealed should be acknowledged by the Government and that proposals should be put forward to meet it. A real local problem has been identified. The magnitude of it has been identified. Local initiative by itself cannot solve it. Local initiative can do no more than identify it and show its magnitude. It can be solved only with the co-operation of the central Government. We very strongly press the Government to tell us what further measures they have for attracting new industries to Dundee and for giving employment in one way and another during the next five years.
The President of the Board of Trade spoke about advance factories. We have for a long time pressed that at least one more advance factory should be built in Dundee. The right hon. Gentleman spoke as if, because one advance factory was built in one place, it could not be built in another. We do not accept that for a moment. Why should not several new advance factories be built in Scotland? The right hon. Gentleman admits that they have been a success where they have been built. Now that the shortage of jobs in prospect has been clearly shown after careful local investigation, surely the case for one or more advance factories becomes very strong indeed.
I make no apology for calling attention to the renewed seriousness of the employment position in Dundee. I think that it is a service, not a disservice, to the city to do so and to show that our problem, like the wider problem of Scotland, needs most urgent attention from the Government.
5.34 p.m.
Sir James Henderson-Stewart: I have a warm place in my heart for Dundee, but I do not think that the right hon. Member for Dundee, West (Mr. Strachey) will expect me to comment on what he has said about the details of the policies which have been followed by the Lord Provost and the
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Council there. I observe what is happening with great interest and sympathy from the other side of the Tay, but I have quite enough to do on the other side of the Tay to keep me fully occupied and interested.
If I may say so, I thought that the right hon. Gentleman's remarks about jute and the Common Market were very wise. The jute industry is in a peculiarly difficult position. I agree with the right hon. Gentleman when he says that, if we are to enter into discussions about the Common Market, we shall have to consider the problem of the jute industry with the utmost sympathy and care. It is not necessarily a case of being against entry into the Common Market, but we must be very careful about what we do before we commit the industry of that great city to a place which might be difficult for it.
Generally speaking, I should never claim that the Opposition have any reason for not opposing, probing and criticising on occasions such as this. It is their proper duty to probe into what is happening now, into what will happen tomorrow and into what has happened in the past year. It is quite right that such probing should take place. I agree with my right hon. Friend the President of the Board of Trade in doubting a little that the method of doing it is always satisfactory. The Opposition are inclined to paint too dark a picture. I have said that many times, and I repeat it now. Nevertheless, for all that, we are here examining conditions and problems in Scotland, and we must do it with as much candour and frankness as we can. I turn now to the matters I mentioned—what is happening now and what has happened in the past year.
The Report for the past year reveals that in our country we have not entirely a bed of roses. There are thorns and thistles in plenty to be found in the Scottish industrial scene. Nevertheless, on reading the Report as a whole, I feel that no unbiased person would deny that it reflects a marked and, I suggest, welcome improvement in the general economy of the country. The best way to check that assertion is to look back upon similar debates of two or three years ago.
Two years ago, if I remember aright, there was a strong and persistent

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demand from these benches, and, I think, occasionally from the benches opposite, for what was called a "break-through" in the traditional order or pattern of the Scottish industrial set-up. It was urged that some really big, new enterprises should be created which would give a fresh spurt to the Scottish national spirit and import, as we thought, an effective balancing influence into our development. I very well remember the speeches made by my hon. Friend the Member for Glasgow, Pollok (Mr. George) on this very topic, on the need for a breakthrough.
Mr. James H. Hoy: The strip mill.
Sir J. Henderson-Stewart: Others talked about it, too. The Committee may recall that I had something to say about the need for a wide-ranging inquiry into Scottish industrial conditions so that we could, as I put it, blue-print the future development of our country.
In reading the Plowden Report over the weekend, I was interested to see exactly the same suggestion for a five-year plan. That is what we wanted and that is what is foreshadowed and demanded in this Report. There is a need to look ahead, plan ahead and to organise ahead for five years. I was glad to see that the suggestion which I then made was put into effect later the same year. I am sure that we all look forward with great interest and eagerness to receiving the Report of the Scottish Council. I suppose that we shall have it some time in the autumn.
Mr. T. Fraser: I should have thought that the Toothill Committee is nothing to do with what the hon. Gentleman has suggested.
Sir J. Henderson-Stewart: That remains to be seen. We do not know what the report is yet.
Mr. Fraser: We do not know what the report is, but we know that the Toothill Committee is not doing the job which would be done by a wide-ranging new authority.
Sir J. Henderson-Stewart: Let us wait to see what the report says. I hope very much that it will be possible for the Scottish Council to look forward five
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years. If it does not do so I shall be disappointed.
But much more than just the prospect of this report has happened in the last year. The break-through to which I have referred has taken place. Not one but four major new enterprises have been established or planned within the past two years, the size and character of which might not have been thought of before that time. The strip mill at Ravenscraig, the new B.M.C. factory at Bathgate and, more recently, the agreements about the Rootes factory at Linwood and the large extension of the Pressed Steel Company at Bathgate are far-reaching developments which not only offer substantial employment to Scottish people but make a major contribution to the diversification of Scottish industry. That is what all of us have been requesting for quite a long time—the importation of new big enterprises.
As the Report rightly claims, the value of these four new enterprises is much greater than we might have contemplated. The strip mill will make available an extended range of finished steel—that is obvious—while the vehicle factories will create a considerable demand for materials and components throughout Scotland. Together, they will provide an incentive to expand and an opportunity to develop factories which are already established.
The concluding words of the Report are significant and worth noting:
"As the evolution process is necessarily slow, the full effect, both direct and indirect, of these and other projects will only gradually build up over the next few years"—
and this is the point—
"history may well refer to the recent past as having provided some of the most important foundations needed to establish the broader-based and progressive economy"
which we want. I think that that is true. I share that view, and I compliment my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State, the Board of Trade, the Scottish Council and the firms interested on their achievements, which are quite startling. There is a need for a great deal more to be done, but a break-through has taken place and we hope that it will develop.
As I have said, however, there are thorns and thistles as well as roses, and I am afraid that there are some matters which cry out for action. The state of

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our shipbuilding industry, for example, is little short of alarming. Here, I know that I have the support of hon. Members on both sides of the Committee. I welcome Lithgow's recent order. I know that the Government have recently introduced taxation reliefs.
Mr. Rankin: Recently?
Sir J. Henderson-Stewart: Well, whenever it was—two years ago, was it? They have been welcome, but a great deal more needs to be done. No doubt we shall hear something about that tomorrow. [HON. MEMBERS: "Oh."] I shall be very disappointed if we do not. The position of the Scottish shipbuilding industry has a corroding influence on the economy of the whole country.
Mr. Rankin: Corroding?
Sir J. Henderson-Stewart: Yes, a corroding influence. We had a debate on this matter ten days or a fortnight ago, when my hon. Friend the Member for Perth and East Perthshire (Mr. MacArthur) made a very interesting and useful speech. I do not wish to develop the matter at length, but I think that the outstanding facts need to be repeated today.
The facts are very simple and pretty grim. In the United Kingdom as a whole, since 1957 orders for ships have fallen from 896 to 430, representing a decline of 7 million tons. That is pretty shattering. In the same period on the Clyde orders for ships have declined from 241 to 97, a loss of about 1 million tons and a labour force loss of nearly 5,000. These are very startling facts and members of the public must have them drummed into them so that they realise the seriousness of the situation.
According to the Report of the Scottish Office
"further reduction in activity seems inevitable this year in the shipbuilding and marine engineering industry."
Apparently the depression is continuing. There is an addendum to the Report which rings bitterly in the minds of those of us who have Scottish interests. It states:
"Two Scottish shipyards (we are told) are among those which have been invited to submit tenders for the building of the new 'Queen' passenger liner."
The only comfort which I can draw from that statement is that it is to our credit
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that no Scottish Member on either side of the Committee voted against the recent North Atlantic Shipping Bill. I devoutly hope that the order for the new "Queen" liner will come to the Clyde. I believe that it is right and proper that it should, but, whether it does or does not, there is a separate problem affecting shipbuilding in Scotland which, in my view, demands swift remedial action on the part of the Government. It is to this that I ask my right hon. Friend to give his close attention.
I refer to the burden of local rates following upon the recent valuations. I know that my right hon. Friend the Minister of State, Scottish Office, recently met Clyde shipbuilders and offered to assist them in securing an early decision on a test case presented to the local valuation committee or, if necessary, to the Land Valuation Appeal Court. That is very good as far as it goes, but is this all that the Scottish Office can do for the shipbuilding industry at this time? How long will it take to have the case presented and decided? Even if the court finds for the appellant, how long will it be before the benefit of the revised assessment reaches the actual shipbuilders?
My right hon. Friend the Secretary of State has been most helpful in providing me with information about these and similar matters, but, if I understand him aright, there is likely to be a long period—perhaps a year or more—before any effective relief can be given. If that is so, we are really in difficulties, because meanwhile the greatly increased burden of rates will seriously affect the ability of the Clyde firms to compete for new orders and will, therefore, result in widespread unemployment in the industry.
To a greater extent than almost any other industry, shipbuilding has to make use of heavy fixed equipment, which inevitably inflates the valuation placed upon the yards. I am authoritatively advised that, making no allowance whatever for any possibility of increased spending by the local authorities, the rates to be paid by the Clyde yards under the present dispensation will rise from £173,000 to £507,000 this year and to over £1 million two years hence. To put it another way, in the shipyards working to full capacity the higher rate burdens will add from £20,000 to £70,000 to the

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cost of ships commonly built on the Clyde. Where the yards are not fully employed, the increased cost per ship will be greater.
We must bear in mind, all the time, too, that firms are tendering today for orders two years hence. Therefore, they must know today what their costs will be two years hence. That is the urgency of the matter. That is why we have to settle this problem of rates and valuation without further delay. The conclusion is inevitable, that if we are to allow for the huge rate burden brought about by the recent valuations and the withdrawal of derating a short time ahead, we must be prepared to see lost orders, empty berths and fewer jobs in the Clyde.
I do not say that without serious thought. I have thought this out and I assure the Committee that this is not talking through my hat. Hon. Members know that I am speaking of the actual grim facts.
Mr. Rankin: Will the hon. Member assure us also that he is not being gloomy?
Sir J. Henderson-Stewart: I will carry on. I started by saying that the general result of the Report was good, but that there were thorns and thistles. These are some of them. It is no use standing up and saying that all is well when we know that we have our weak places.
Mr. Manuel: Would not the hon. Member agree that the result of any appeal to the Valuation Court is a foregone conclusion against the appellant, as such an application will be treated as all other matters are treated? If there is to be any relief from the added valuation upon shipyards, it will need to come direct from the Government in some other way than by a rating appeal.
Sir J. Henderson-Stewart: It may be that the hon. Member is right—I do not know. We know that machinery exists through the various courts, and my right hon. Friend is right in advising shipping firms to go through the process. I am asking that, when that is done, my right hon. Friend should take action.
I want to go further, however, because the conditions for shipbuilding on the Clyde are to be found in nearly all the
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shipyards around the Scottish coasts. In Fife, for example, the modest shipyard at St. Monance has had its valuations raised 400 per cent. I understand that on the North-East, round about Buckie, the position is even worse, so I am informed by the chairman of the Shipbuilders' Association. That is a serious matter.
If we are to maintain those small ports as viable units, the Scottish economy must be so managed as to prevent the imposition of these new sudden burdens upon these local yards. These burdens which have come upon St Monance, Anstruther and other fishing areas have been sudden and crushing. I know that my right hon. Friend is concerned about this matter, but I must warn him, although I am sure it is hardly necessary, that unless action is taken speedily to relieve these places to which I have referred, opposition and criticism will continue and spread throughout the country.
It is not only in shipbuilding that industries will be affected by this change of valuation. Industries in all parts of Scotland where this has had its effect are themselves affected. Some parts of the country are much more seriously upset than others. It happens that Fife and, I think, Buckie, Banff, part of Moray, Orkney, and Ross and Cromarty are the most heavily hit with regard to the new valuations. In Fife, some of the burghs have had imposed upon them the additional burden of losing, not only part, but all of their equalisation grant. The increased valuation has brought about a complete cut in the equalisation grant, with the result that these authorities whom I shall name will require to impose the most heavy local rates upon their industries. It needs no imagination to see what might happen. In the case of one burgh in my division the new valuation has resulted in one factory, one enterprise alone, paying 40 per cent. of the total valuation of the town. That is a very remarkable situation.
I would not mind very much, none of us would mind very much, if the new valuations appeared fair and equitable throughout the country, but that is precisely what they do not. The percentage increase in the rateable valuation from 1960–61 to 1961–62 over the whole country of Scotland is 53. In Cupar it is

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107, Falkland 100, Anstruther 118, Newburgh 126, St. Monance 112. In Anstruther the equalisation grant has fallen from £13.000 to nil and in Newburgh from £9,000 to nil. I do not know how local authorities like these are going to meet their commitments in the next year without imposing overwhelming new local rates upon the local industries.
This is an industrial Report that we are considering. It is industry which is affected. I want to plead its case against these effects. Let me give one example. It really is farcical—is it not?—to declare the Anstruther area a development district under the new Act with the idea of encouraging industry to come there, when at the same time we are going so to exaggerate the rate burdens of that area as to frighten every industrialist out of it altogether. It does not make sense.
In this whole matter of public finance, public expenditure local and national, it is the chopping and changing at short notice which so upsets public opinion. That is the truth. In the examples which I have quoted the shock of the sudden reversal of established practice has outraged the sense of justice among our people, and it was precisely against this practice that the Plowden Group reported the other day. This is What it said:
"To introduce more stability into the decision-making process at this point could be a material factor in improving the control of public expenditure."
That is true, but that is an understatement.
As I have said, I know that my right hon. Friend is perplexed about this matter. I know that. But, unless the Government are prepared to bring substantial relief to these areas and industries so hard hit now, and to which I have referred, then we shall be faced in these areas with a depression so acute that none of us may be able to withstand it.
6.4 p.m.
Mr. James McInnes: I listened with great interest to the hon. Baronet the Member for Fife, East (Sir J. Henderson-Stewart), and I would strongly advise him to consider the implications of some of the statements he made about rating and valuation. He should go further into the detail of the matter with the Fife-
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shire local authorities who, if they have not already briefed him, can at least convey to him the facts and figures relating to their valuation before revaluation took place.
Mr. T. Fraser: A low valuation?
Mr. McInnes: Yes, very low indeed.
As to the rate burden on the shipbuilding industry, I would not accept for one moment that, apart from the procedural question of appeal, it would be the function of the local authority to reduce the rate burden of the shipbuilding industry, because what in effect would happen would be that the shipbuilding centres like Glasgow, Greenock, Port Glasgow and elsewhere throughout Scotland would be subsidising the shipbuilding industry, While Edinburgh, Perth, Dumfries, other towns in Scotland without any Shipbuilding industry would be freed from that, and if the shipbuilding industry finds it is highly competitive with its competitors in foreign countries whose Governments subsidise their shipbuilding industries, then it ought to be the responsibility of this Government to give the shipbuilding industry similar subsidies.
However, I do not want to dwell on the question of rating and valuation. I want to come back to the question which is before us, namely, that of industry and employment.
Mr. T. Fraser: And the Statute.
Mr. McInnes: I could easily say that the party opposite made the Statute and put it on the Statute Book, supported in that by the hon. Baronet, but, as I say, I want to deal with the question of employment and industry. The hon. Baronet said he wanted to break through a barrier. Well, so do I, but my barrier is entirely different from his. I want to break through the barrier of Governmental complacency and Governmental ineptitude over the question of industry and employment in Scotland.
Government complacency has never been better exemplified than in the speech we heard this afternoon by the President of the Board of Trade, a speech which, despite the situation in Scotland, was smug and complacent in every respect, a speech which savoured, if I may say so, of tedious repetition. I think hon. Members will be surprised

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when I direct their attention to these facts. The President of the Board of Trade today mentioned the question of the great development at Grangemouth, and he again referred to the National Cash Register Company at Dundee, the extensions and developments at Peterhead, and to the enterprises in North Lanark such as that of the Caterpillar Company. I remind hon. Members that when we debated this subject of industry in Scotland in 1958 the President of the Board of Trade referred to the extension of the British Petroleum Company at Grangemouth, and he did so again in 1959, and again in 1960, and again this afternoon. In 1958 the President of the Board of Trade said:
"I should like to draw particular attention to the new factory for the Astral Equipment Company …"—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 10th July, 1958; Vol. 591, c. 610.]
at Dundee. In 1959 the Minister of State, Board of Trade, said we should not forget the Astral Equipment Company at Dundee. In 1960 the Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade said that there are, of course, the extensions at Dundee of the Astral Equipment Company. And, of course, the President of the Board of Trade again mentioned that today. Then in 1958 when we debated this subject the President of the Board of Trade said that we should have regard to the fact that
"the Cleveland Twist Drill Company … in Peterhead …, is beating its competitors in North American markets."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 10th July, 1958: Vol. 591, c. 608.]
That was in 1958. In 1959, the Secretary of State for Scotland, not to be outdone, said:
"At Peterhead, the Cleveland Twist Drill Company … is exporting … to all parts of the world … "—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 2nd July, 1959; Vol. 608, c. 731.]
In 1960 the Under-Secretary said that it was very important to realise the existing enterprise at Peterhead.
I could go on. We have had this tedious repetition year after year since 1958. Even today the President of the Board of Trade mentioned the Ravenscraig development. He omitted to talk about Ole Clyde tunnel and the Forth road bridge, which have been referred to in every debate since these projects were first mooted. The star part in this
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act of tedious repetition has undoubtedly been played by the Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade. In 1958 he talked of the development of Euclid in North Lanarkshire, not realising that Euclid set up in North Lanarkshire six years before that.
When we debated this very subject on 12th July, 1960, the President of the Board of Trade said this:
"… in the first six months of this year we have had the biggest number of approvals in respect of both factory space and jobs involved that has ever been recorded. The present jobs prospect is: work under construction should employ about 7,500 people; projects approved, but not yet started, should employ another 16,300. That is, altogether, a total of 23,800 jobs.
… I have included only projects which are firm, projects for which I.D.C.s have been asked and granted. They will provide nearly 24,000 jobs.
The other projects of which I have been informed, which may go forward, will involve another 15,000 jobs, giving altogether 39,000 jobs against a total Scottish unemployment of less than 70,000."
Where are these 39,000 jobs? When I asked earlier today I was told that they were in the pipeline—Maudling's pipeline. I want to know the exact location in Scotland of this pipeline with 39,000 jobs in it. When the President of the Board of Trade made that statement in last year's debate, it was little wonder that my hon. Friend the Member for Greenock (Dr. Dickson Mabon) intervened with the following observation:
"How can we believe these figures in the light of other examples which the right hon. Gentleman has given us previously? In November last year he proved to me in a letter that he had 2,900 jobs coming to Greenock. None of his claims has ever come true—not one."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 12th July, 1960; Vol. 626, c. 1220–1.]
That is the position today. What confidence or trust can we put in the right hon. Gentleman when he throws figures at us of 39,000 jobs without giving us concrete evidence as to where in Scotland the jobs are located.
The facts are that, despite all the efforts of the Government to attract new industry—I acknowledge that they have attracted new industry to Scotland—and despite all their efforts to find new jobs in Scotland, Scottish unemployment in the last ten years has consistently remained at twice the national average, as my hon. Friend the Member for

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Hamilton (Mr. T. Fraser) said in his very powerful speech in opening the debate. But Scotland's unemployment problem is not to be measured merely in terms of a rate which runs constantly at more than twice the national average. Those of us who have the country's welfare at heart are disturbed that the Scottish figure includes a persistent core of about 30,000 workers who have been out of work for over eight weeks. The picture is that for every 1,000 new jobs we create we are simply filling the gap of 1,000 old jobs which have disappeared as a result of existing industries closing down. That is at least one of the reasons why the Scottish percentage remains twice that of the national average.
One has only to consider the tens of thousands of jobs which have disappeared in Scotland as a result of the closing down of naval establishments, Royal Ordnance factories, railway workshops, and coal mines throughout Scotland. One has only to consider the decline which has taken place, as my hon. Friend the Member for Dundee, West (Mr. J. Strachey) has said, in the jute industry, the shale oil industry, and, as even the President of the Board of Trade confessed, in the shipbuilding and marine engineering industry. There has also been the decline in the textile industry, particularly in the Dumbarton area. All these in the aggregate have lost tens and tens of thousands of jobs over the years. All that we are doing today is simply replacing jobs which have disappeared.
In a state of affairs like that, how can the President of the Board of Trade say, as he did last year:
"During 1959, we saw a considerable expansion in trade and industry in Scotland."—[OFFICIAL REPORT. 12th July. 1960; Vol. 626, c. 1211.]
In fact, in 1959 Scotland had reached the highest figure of unemployment it had ever achieved since 1946, yet the President talked about the
"considerable expansion in trade and industry."
I become irritated, to say the least, by such statements make by official and semi-official people. These statements are nothing but meaningless platitudes. For instance, Lord Polwarth, Chairman of the Executive of the Scottish Council (Development and Industry), writing in the Financial Times on 31st May, commented:
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"The beginning of the sixties has marked a period of growth in Scotland which is at least as great, and probably greater, than at any time in the last forty years."
What an over-statement. It may be that, for some of this period, the industrial statistics were favourable, but the impression given by such a statement simply does not square with the facts.
The Registrar-General, in his preliminary population statistics for 1960, said that Scotland lost 32,000 people by emigration-50 per cent. more than in 1959. It is estimated that 23,500 of these emigrants went to England, which is perhaps the heaviest movement over the border in history. The increase in emigration in 1960 raised Scotland's net loss, as has been pointed out, to 254,000 people in the last ten years.
These are incredible figures. They amount to the equivalent of almost half the population of the City of Edinburgh. The sad thing about this is that it involves our young, skilled people. No medieval plague, no wars or anything of that kind could have exacted a greater toll from Scotland than this exodus to the South. The barriers we want to break through are those of Governmental complacency and ineptitude. Above all, we must have a clearer vision of what must be provided for our people, in order to give them the jobs which they so desperately need.
6.22 p.m.
Lady Tweedsmuir: It is unfortunate that right hon. and hon. Gentlemen opposite, when they had the chance to choose the subject for today's debate, did not manage to persuade their colleagues to have it tomorrow and instead to hold the debate on East and Central Africa today. Had we held this debate tomorrow, after the statement of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Scottish Members would have been the first in the House to have the opportunity to consider the statement in relation to Scotland's industry and employment. Having the debate today means that, in a way, there is a slight unreality about it, if I may put it so, because we have somehow to try to get the measure and a balance of the problem—to try on the one hand, not to have panic or despondency or on the other, complacency, as the hon. Member for Glasgow, Central (Mr. McInnes) said just now.

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We must realise, after looking at the White Paper, that it is true, as my right hon. Friend the President of the Board of Trade said, that the level of personal savings, of investment, employment and production in Scotland is steadily increasing, although, of course, there are black spots to which we all wish to refer, and it is right that we should be anxious about these matters. Yet, despite the fact that the overall picture is one of encouragement, we, together with the rest of the country, are involved in what is really a foreign exchange situation of great seriousness.
I hope that the measures to be announced tomorrow will take account of Scotland's particular problems. For instance, I hope that the payroll tax will not apply to development districts, if it is to be introduced at all. I hope that if investment is to be planned in the future Scotland will be allowed to continue to have her fair share, because, however necessary it may be to have these anti-inflationary measures south of the Border, we have our own peculiar problems in the North.
Miss Margaret Herbison: Is not the noble Lady making the case for our having the debate on Scotland today rather than after the Chancellor of the Exchequer makes his statemant? Does not she believe that perhaps what is said in this debate might influence him and make him realise that every Tory Chancellor we have had, when taking economic measures, has hit Scotland much worse than any other part of the United Kingdom?
Lady Tweedsmuir: We had many opportunities of debating particular measures—for example, the payroll tax—during the passage of the Finance Act.
Mr. William Ross: The noble Lady voted for the tax.
Lady Tweedsmuir: I did not, I abstained. In the sense that we have had these opportunities to discuss such measures before now, it would have been much more interesting had we been able to have this debate after tomorrow's statement.
Dr. Dickson Mabon: The noble Lady has just said that she hopes that the payroll tax, if it comes at all, will not apply
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to development districts. I agree with her. Indeed, I hope that it will not apply to Scotland at all. But how can she possibly see any way by which the Chancellor of the Exchequer, with his present powers, can discriminate between one area and another? I do not see how he can.
Lady Tweedsmuir: I have great hopes that my right hon. and learned Friend will not apply a payroll tax at all. I said that during the debates on the Finance Act.
Mr. Ross: But the noble Lady will not vote against the tax if he introduces it.
Mr. E. G. Willis: The noble Lady did not vote against it during the Finance Act.
Lady Tweedsmuir: I abstained. One did get the impression during those debates that my right hon. and learned Friend would not use the payroll tax except on one condition—and that was if, in his judgment, the inflationary situation was so serious that it involved Scotland as much as the whole of the United Kingdom.
Dr. Mabon: I hope that the payroll tax will not be used at all, but I ask how the Chancellor, under the Finance Act, can select districts or industries in which to apply or not to apply it. Perhaps the noble Lady can point out the provision in the Finance Act which allows him to select in this way.
Lady Tweedsmuir: Perhaps I did not make myself clear I said that I hoped my right hon. and learned Friend would not impose it at all. I suggested during the passage of the Finance Act that the payroll tax should not be applied in development districts, and my right hon. and learned Friend said that he would like to have the coming year in which to consider whether regional considerations of this nature could or could not be given. However, I want to continue my speech, because many other hon. Members wish to speak.
I am not an economist, but it seems to me that no economist since the end of the war has discovered the answer to the problem of how to have economic growth and a high level of employment without cost inflation. We are told that our basic trouble is that we are unable

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to export sufficiently in competition now that the post-war market is to a very large extent satisfied. Judging by what has been said so far on this side of the Committee today, and by this Report, it seems to me that Scotland has made a very real effort during this last year. It is summed up on page 1 of the Report, where it says that 1960 was a "good year" for Scotland.
While it is true that relatively our unemployment is still worse than England's, nevertheless we are going through some fundamental changes in our basic industries and it is an achievement that the latest unemployment figures show that Scotland's total has been brought down to 2·7 per cent.
Mr. Willis: We had that ten years ago.
Mr. T. Fraser: Will the noble Lady turn to the latest employment figures just published by the Ministry of Labour which show that while unemployment came down between mid-June and mid-July by 7,412 for the country as a whole, Scotland's figure was only 21?
Lady Tweedsmuir: That may be perfectly true, but I was talking about the latest unemployment percentage figure, which is 2·7, which I think the hon. Gentleman must admit is very much better than the figure at the same time last year.
Mr. Willis: But not better than 1951.
Mr. Fraser: Since this time last year we have lost 32,000 of our population who have come South. Will the hon. Lady show where we are giving more employment this year than last year?
Lady Tweedsmuir: If the hon. Gentleman will let me continue with my speech, I shall perhaps cover some of these points.
Other hon. Members talk about their constituencies, and I now want to talk about mine—Aberdeen. First, I want to say how happy I am that the unemployment figure there is at the moment below the Scottish average. It is considered that it is not by any means only a seasonal improvement, that there are certain definite improvements in engineering and in just the type of industry in which we want to see improvement, except one which has been referred to already, particularly by my hon. Friend
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the Member for Fife, East (Sir J. Henderson-Stewart), and that is shipbuilding.
I want to say one thing here to the Secretary of State for Scotland, and I wonder whether he could give consideration to this. We are, of course, lucky occasionally to get our share of contracts for ships in our shipbuilding yards, but I want to talk about an extension of the rebuilding programme of the Aberdeen fishing fleet. Were this undertaken, I believe that it would give our local yards an opportunity at any rate to tide over the next year or two until, possibly, the world shipbuilding position would gradually have improved.
Aberdeen has been lucky enough almost entirely to rebuild its fishing fleet into a modern fleet, but now, owing to the extension of the fishing limits, we are in a position where a great many of these very modern boats, which are from 100 to 130 ft. in length, are not able to go to the more distant northern waters to which they really ought to go if they are to find fresh territory.
In the economic measures which are to come before us tomorrow, the newspapers tell us, we may possibly be going to consider some curtailment of aid to young developing countries. If that is so, I would ask whether we could not give some form of this aid in kind instead of only in cash. Could not the Government agree to purchase some of these 100–130 ft. long boats—I understand that twenty or thirty firms in Aberdeen might be prepared to consider this—and give them to the developing countries as part of our overseas programme? We should then be able to let the Aberdeen owners get on with building larger boats which could fish the more difficult and deeper waters, which they will now be called upon to do. I refer particularly to the fact that there are some owners who feel that the future of this kind of distant water fishing lies in stern fishing vessels. If we could do this, it would help one of our basic industries in Aberdeen and also our shipbuilding yards over a difficult period.
The Report that we are studying today says on page 55 that the short-term prospects for productive industry as a whole are good, except for shipbuilding. It also says that the long-term

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prospects are bright. It also says that history may well refer to the recent past as having provided some of the most important foundations needed to establish a broader based and progressive economy. Surely that is one of the most encouraging things. We have always in our many debates ever since the war complained that Scotland has been very dependent on certain basic industries only. Now it is apparently shown that we are laying, and have laid in the recent past, the foundations for real prosperity for our industry in the future.
One of the most important attractions to, for example, American firms coming to Scotland is whether we are going to enter the Common Market. That is why, once again, I wish that we would definitely decide to go in to negotiate, at any rate to see what the prospects are. A great many technical considerations were gone into over many months when the matter was handled by the President of the Board of Trade. Now that the Ministers have come back from the Commonwealth it is surely right that we should ascertain whether it is possible to arrive at some kind of accommodation at least which will give basic protection to the Commonwealth. If we cannot do it, I do not think that we should go into the Common Market at any price.
Apart from the trading advantages, which I look upon as very great, American firms hesitate to come to Scotland when they think that they might establish themselves on the Continent. However, apart from those trading advantages, I have an instinct about this country, which has always survived as a small island off the north-west corner of Europe in the past because it has had freedom to make its political alliances where and how it would. Therefore, if we find that certain members of the Common Market may not wish to have us, I hope we shall then go all out to have a Commonwealth conference and consider whether we cannot start a new drive in trading with the Commonwealth. Naturally, that means revision of such agreements as G.A.T.T.
There is one provision in G.A.T.T. which I think the Government might well be studying at this time. I notice that in an economic debate in another place the
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other day Lord Polwarth, the Chairman of the Scottish Council, said that he had now come to the conclusion that we ought really very seriously to consider whether industries in Scotland going out into the export market ought not to have some form of direct tax incentive. I feel that I am in good company, having tried to make this plea on the Finance Bill earlier on.
At that time I asked the Economic Secretary to the Treasury how it was that Australia, which is also a member of G.A.T.T., is able this year to have two definite incentives far her companies going out to export. The first is that taxes are remitted on overseas market development, and recently this remittance has even doubled. Secondly, there is a rebate of the payroll tax to firms increasing their export sales.
I understand that the reason is that Australia, although she is a member of G.A.T.T., has not undertaken all the obligations that we have. The only general obligation that she has undertaken, which applies to countries which grant subsidies for exports, is that where the subsidies increase exports or, on the other hand, have the effect of reducing imports, these countries must notify the others which are members of G.A.T.T. If serious prejudice is caused to the other contracting parties, there is an obligation to discuss the limiting of these subsidies.
I did not know this at the time of the Finance Bill, but I have since discovered that there was a standstill agreement on this arrangement in G.A.T.T. and that the agreement lapsed at the end of 1960. I understand that for the whole of this year this agreement has lapsed, but that at the end of 1961 it is proposed to get the contracting parties together and to try to have a complete ban on export subsidies of any kind. This will apply only to those countries which agree, so to speak, to carry out the convention. If in an expanding country such as Australia, which is fast becoming one of the largest manufacturing countries in the world, it is thought advantageous to have these direct taxation reliefs or tax incentives for exporters, I should have thought that we might have considered them here.
Surely, what we want to try to do is to lift the home producer out of the easier home market into the export

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market, where, of course, he will be in direct competition with all the others, whether they have export subsidies or not. It might just give them the added incentive to start, and I think this applies particularly to the small firms in Scotland. We have a lot of small firms in Scotland, and if they felt that there was a definite tax incentive of this kind we might well encourage them to band together, to have their own sales arrangements and perhaps sales representatives, which are extremely costly to any individual firm.
At present, it seems to me that what we do is to restrict the home market by various devices, such as increasing the Purchase Tax. Very few firms only export; most have their home market as a testing ground. It is their base to which they can return should difficulties occur in the overseas markets over which they have no control, such as political difficulties. Therefore, I think we might seriously consider during this period of standstill whether in the modern age and at a time when the post-war demand has been satisfied we should not try in this competitive field to help our own industries to start in exports.
Probably, tomorrow, we shall hear that the Government have accepted the main recommendations of the Plowden Report—this is just a guess, and not a leak—that tell us that with a five-year plan, we should start off with a firm allocation of funds for the first year, that we should have a firm allocation for the second year, subject to major changes in the military and economic situation, that in the third year there should only be provision, and that in the fourth and fifth years it should be tentative. In many ways, that is what the Government have been trying to do, though whether each Department does it separately from the others and not on an overall basis, I am not in a position to judge.
On the Plowden Report, I would say that to have a five-year plan does not, of course, allow for human error. Hon. Members will remember that after the Suez crisis we were all told that there would be an extreme and urgent shortage of oil. All the best planners and economists told us that we must build tankers, which we did. But what happened? The price of oil fell, and there
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is, if anything, a surplus, so that even the best prophets may be proved wrong.
On the subject of the statement which the Chancellor is to make tomorrow and its relation to the Scottish industrial problem, I think that the public as a whole would carry out long-term measures if it felt that it would mean an end to the sort of "restrictions one moment and expansion the next" policy. On the other hand, I do not think that any of us can expect that an island such as ours, supporting 50 million people, without any raw materials except coal can retain an even economy. It was the late Mr. Aneurin Bevan who once said that this island was founded on coal and surrounded by fish. I do mot think that we can expect that an island like ours, with a very artificial economy, could ever achieve complete stability, because we must occasionally have to apply the brakes, or occasionally offer encouragement.
I hope that the Government, in making their statement tomorrow, will give those of us who are by no means economists a fair picture, so that we clan realise that, while the position generally both in Scotland and in the United Kingdom as a whole, is encouraging, nevertheless, if we all did just that much extra—and we are all human and no doubt all of us have many failings—we could get the extra margin of production which would take us out of the wood.
6.45 p.m.
Mr. James H. Hoy: We have just listened to an extraordinary speech by the hon. Lady the Member for Aberdeen, South (Lady Tweedsmuir), but it did not surprise me very much. This afternoon, we have had a lot of speeches that would not have been made by hon. Members opposite a year or two ago. If one thing has been consistent in the speeches from the Government benches during this debate, it has been the call for planning, for a master plan. In fact, it is said that if we had one, we could get out of the difficulties in which we now find ourselves.
I go back a few years to the days of the Labour Government, when the late Sir Stafford Cripps was building up the economy of this country following the war. No section of the community derided Sir Stafford Cripps and the Labour Government more than those who

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now occupy the benches opposite. Indeed, when I heard the President of the Board of Trade this afternoon pay a tribute to what had happened in Dundee in regard to National Cash Registers, I thought that the right hon. Gentleman should remember that National Cash Registers would not have gone to Dundee if it had not been for the planning of Sir Stafford Cripps in the Labour Government. That is how the firm happened to be there.
Indeed, the great development of an industrial estate in Lanarkshire took place because of the planning of that Government, which said that a certain part of our national product should be used to develop employment in those parts of Scotland where unemployment had been a blight for a very long time.
It is astonishing now to find that, as a result of what has happened, even the hon. Lady the Member for Aberdeen, South said that in Scotland we have now got our unemployment ratio down to 2·7 per cent. In fact, after eleven years, a Conservative Government have been able to achieve what we achieved in the last year of the Labour Government.
Lady Tweedsmuir: I should not have interrupted if the hon. Gentleman had not called my argument into question. While the Labour Government had many difficulties after the war, they did have their markets.
Mr. Hoy: Oh, yes; I am not saying that we did not have our markets, but the hon. Lady will also remember that her right hon. Friend the Member for Woodford (Sir W. Churchill) said at the end of the war that what we had left was a country that was bankrupt. We had to build up from that stage, and we had tremendous difficulties economically, which the present Government have not had to experience.
The hon. Lady went further, and seemed to me to be unable to make up her mind which way to go—right, left or centre. She talked a great deal of what was happening about the Common Market. If there is one section of the community that is culpable, it is the party opposite. I remember that, as the result of the talk of the hon. Lady and her friends, when she and I went to Strasbourg to the Council of Europe, how the
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Europeans were led up the garden by the Prime Minister and the present Minister of Education, who submitted the Macmillan-Eccles proposals to Europe, and deserted them on the very day on which the debate was to take place. If we are not held to be persona grata in Europe, the hon. Lady and her colleagues have some responsibility for it.
Lady Tweedsmuir: The hon. Gentleman will also remember that when the Labour Government were in power after the war and the late Mr. Ernest Bevin was Foreign Secretary, Britain was invited to join in what was called the Schuman Plan and Mr. Bevin declined.
Mr. Hoy: The hon. Lady will also remember that Mr. Bevin said that those proposals had to be accepted without our being able to modify them. We were not able to make an amendment. We had to accept them willy-nilly, and that we were not prepared to do.
The hon. Lady also asked why we should have this debate today instead of tomorrow, and went on to say that she hoped that, as a result of this debate, the Chancellor will take recognition of what we said and would not impose the payroll tax in Scotland. This is the very reason for this debate taking place, because we want to anticipate the Chancellor and let him know that what might be good for the southern part of England or the Midlands is not applicable to Scotland.
In other words, we have to have planning. I know that that is a word which the hon. Lady and her friends did not like, but because Plowden said yesterday what we were saying five years ago, it has become respectable. I have been interested to hear what hon. Members opposite have had to say about planning. The hon. Member for Fife, East (Sir J. Henderson-Stewart) used to deride us for planning, and in these debates used to say that we made dismal speeches and painted a black picture of what was happening in Scotland. But no more dismal picture was ever painted than that by the hon. Baronet this afternoon.
His picture of the shipbuilding industry was the most dismal that I have encountered for a long time, and I can only hope that it is not as bad as he made it out to be. He derided us when we called for planning, but today he spoke about the need for a breakthrough. For years we have been asking

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for conscious planning of Scotland's economy. We said that for too long Scotland had been wholly dependent on heavy industry and that it needed diversification with industries like the strip mills, the motor car industry and so on.
This afternoon the hon. Baronet had the audacity to say that that had been demanded by his hon. Friends and by one or two hon. Members on this side of the Committee. He went on to say that he well remembered a speech in which his hon. Friend the Member for Glasgow, Pollok (Mr. George) had asked for these things. That is quite untrue. The one Member of the House of Commons who opposed the strip mill coming to Scotland was the hon. Member for Pollok. It was not only in the House of Commons but in a television debate that he showed that opposition. I was with him in that television debate when he had to confess that he had opposed it.
If there has been a demand for these things over the years it has been made by my right hon. and hon. Friends. Let us not forget the contribution made by the Scottish organised workers, as represented by the Scottish Trades Union Congress. Over the years they have made their demands. When opening a similar debate three years ago, I said that I did not care who got the credit so long as action was taken to give the people of Scotland an opportunity to work. I stand by that today. When I said that, I knew that some conscious planning was needed to achieve it and that the Government were the only authority who could formulate the required plans. I agree with my hon. Friend the Member for Hamilton (Mr. T. Fraser) that, if private enterprise fails to do it, the responsibility is that of the Government.
I must lake slight exception to what was said by my hon. Friend the Member for Glasgow, Central (Mr. McInnes) about the shipbuilding industry. When he was speaking of rating, he said that Edinburgh might have to contribute, as it had no shipbuilding industry. It is true that Leith always regards itself as distinct from Edinburgh, although it is part of the city, but there is a substantial shipbuilding industry in Leith, at Henry Robb's. As a result of reassessment, it
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will have to pay rates on a rateable value of something more than £l0,000 compared with £2,000.
The hon. Member for Fife, East said that he was grateful to the Secretary of State for providing information. We do not have to be grateful to the right hon. Gentleman. The assessors told us what we had to pay and we did not require to get the information from the Secretary of State. We must not be misled about what the Scottish Office can do. The Minister of State said that, if an appeal was made, he would do his best to speed it up and, after the result of the appeal, would see what action the Scottish Office needed to take. Nothing more than that has happened.
In the meantime, the whole industry knows that it is to have this tremendous burden. Shipbuilders like Henry Robb are entirely dependent on world trade. The Commonwealth has played an important part in providing orders for shipyards in my constituency. That is especially true of New Zealand, which has been a very faithful customer. Those Commonwealth countries have felt that they could not get a better job anywhere and they have continued to give us their orders. It is important that, whatever happens, nothing is done to injure that trade between Britain and Commonwealth countries on whom we have been so dependent for so long.
The hon. Lady suggested that if we were to get over these problems, we might make loans to other countries in kind rather than in cash. The fishing industry is going through a difficult time and in Scotland it is facing more difficulties than in other parts of the country. My hon. Friends and I felt so strongly about the matter that last Friday week we went into the Division Lobby against the Government's proposals. The hon. Lady will say that she abstained—she is a great abstentionist. There is no point in coming to the Committee saving that we must have the power to build more fishing vessels and then saying that those we have cannot earn a profit. That is not good economics. With this, as with all other industries, we have to plan what is needed to meet the needs of the people. Unless we are prepared to do that, we have no right to complain.
When we ask for more jobs in Scotland, we are not moaning, and I wish

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that the President of the Board of Trade would not say that we were. Every Minister seeks to make excuses for himself and his Department by accusing us of painting a black picture. What we say is that, despite what has been done, Scotland's unemployment ratio is still more than double that of the rest of the country. We are asking for action to be taken to improve the situation.
We are getting a little tired of hearing about jobs in the pipeline. Within forty-eight hours of the day when more jobs were being squeezed into the pipeline and Lord Polwarth, as Chairman of the Scottish Council (Development and Industry), was telling us about our bright prospects, firms in the Lanarkshire belt had announced that 3,000 people were to lose their jobs within the next fortnight. One firm has given 800 men their unemployment books on the day they received their holiday pay. We are not told about the number of jobs to be found to give those men employment.
We call attention to those things, because we feel that we must constantly argue the case for meeting Scotland's needs. The President of the Board of Trade made great play with the fact that about £24 million is to be invested in Scotland, apparently about 47 per cent. of the whole of the sum being devoted to development districts. I do not doubt his figures for a moment, but I want to know what proportion of the development districts Scotland represents. It may be that a comparison will show that Scotland is getting no more than its due proportion because we have such a large development district and so much unemployment.
That argument does not impress me, because, whatever the proportion might be, the one fact which stands out is that Scotland has a far greater amount of unemployment than any other part of Great Britain. As the figures show, Scotland has one quarter of the total unemployment in Great Britain. One person out of every four unemployed lives in Scotland. It is that fact with which we have to deal. I am consoled with the thought that, after all these years, even hon. Gentlemen opposite say that if this problem is to be tackled successfully it must be done by conscious planning.
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I do not want to be too critical of the President of the Board of Trade, but he spoke about £500,000 being spent on the Highlands and Islands. That sum will make not the slightest contribution to the problem. We are grateful for the little things that we get, but we shall never find a solution to the problem in the Highlands and Islands as long as we keep tampering with the situation by setting up little panels, committees of inquiry, advisory committees, and so on. Lord knows, if all these committees had provided one job each, there would be no unemployment in the Highlands today. Until the Government appoint a real committee of development in the Highlands and Islands, and give it a budget to meet the situation, I do not believe that we will solve the problem.
Recently a distinguished visitor from Israel visited the Highlands and Islands. He said, "Why do you have unemployment here? With all this land and water, I think that you ought to be on a criminal charge for not using it" He saw the potentiality of the country, and could only view us with envy and think what he would be able to do if he had in his country only half what we have in ours.
The problem must be solved by conscious planning. It is true that some hon. Gentlemen opposite have said that this is the answer, but I am driven to the conclusion that it will not be done by right hon. and hon. Gentlemen opposite, because they do not believe in planning. Over the years, my right hon. and hon. Friends have argued that only planning could provide a solution to the problem in Scotland. We on these benches have been proved right by Plowden and others. In the last ten years Europe has gone ahead with leaps and bounds, but we have stood still. Plowden reports that what we have been saying for years will provide a solution to this problem, and I think that hon. Gentlemen opposite ought to give those who believe in planning a chance to make it a reality.
7.3 p.m.
Mr. J. A. Stodart: Having listened to the whole debate, it seems that much of the difference between the two sides of the Committee lies in the interpretation of where pessimism ends and realism begins The

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hon. Member for Hamilton (Mr. T. Fraser) took my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Scotland to task for being far too optimistic. He took up his description of the Scottish scene as a vigorous, growing and expanding economy. Yet they do not seem very different from the words used by a former Secretary of State for Scotland, and one who, I think, is recognised by Scots of all political affiliations to have been a great one, and I mean Mr. Tom Johnston who, when he was opening the premises to be occupied by a new firm in April of this year, described that firm as being
"merely the harbinger of a flood of industrialists who would be moving into Scotland"
I regret that that firm, like so many others, had and still has its headquarters south of the Border. What makes me a little depressed is that during the last ten years more development has not been done by the Scottish firms themselves. It is no use barking the fact that it is imported industry, be it from America or south of the Border, all of which we are glad to see, which has provided many thousands of jobs during the 'fifties, while industry which existed in Scotland in 1950 now employs less than it did then.
I do not want to dilate on the effects on Scottish industry if we were to join the European Economic Community, but in the Glasgow Herald last week there was an extremely interesting article on the subject of Scottish industry. The article contained this sentence:
"Only if the calibre of Scottish management and, to a lesser extent, labour is lower than that in the rest of Britain would the Scottish economy as a whole stand to gain less than the rest of the country if Britain became a member of the Common Market."
Management is just as important in domestic trading as in exports. Scottish firms, which are that much further away from the main consumer markets of this country, will always have to make just that much greater effort competitively, and thus management, using the word in its broadest sense, is of immense importance.
There was a fascinating series of articles in the Scotsman last March by that newspaper's industrial correspondent. As one who works occasionally for a rival newspaper, it gives me satisfaction to be able to pay tribute to the
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enterprise of the Scotsman in publishing those articles, without the slightest chance of its inviting me to write on its behalf.
Those articles examined and probed into the whole set-up of Scottish industry, with particular reference to the management of it. The conclusions to which they came, and the discoveries they made, were absorbing. They found, which I think would be of no surprise to anyone, that the management of the best Scottish firms was every bit as good as that of the best firms in England. But, on the average, they found that Scottish management was inclined to lag behind. They found that between 1950 and 1960 Scottish firms employing over 600 workers had increased their assets by 190 per cent, and their sales by 160 per cent., while the figures for the equivalent English firms with over 600 workers were 160 per cent. and 150 per cent.
Percentages can be immensely deceptive. Everything depends upon where one begins. It may be that there was a much greater scope for increase in Scotland than in England, and that the improved performances in Scotland could be accounted for in that way. No such doubts can be cast upon the figures relating to firms employing less than 600 workers, because in the same ten years assets rose by 120 per cent., as compared with 380 per cent. in English firms, and sales increased by 100 per cent., as compared with 270 per cent. Taking all firms of all sizes together, it was found that English firms ploughed back 45 per cent. more than did Scottish firms, the greatest differences again being among the smaller firms.
Three or four causes were given for this. I found the most revealing to be, first, that fewer than one in five of all Scottish firms have a person on their staff specialising in the management and welfare of personnel—every firm that does so employs over 1,000 workers—secondly, that when promotion takes place in Scotland up to the level of foreman it is nearly always based upon long service, ability being rated second in importance and, thirdly, that in the executive sphere promotion seems to be very rarely given to anyone outside the firm concerned.
I rate the management of personnel as of supreme importance in industrial

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circumstances today. It was interesting to see Sir Miles Thomas and a leading member of the Trades Union Congress on television recently, each agreeing that the major shortcoming in industry is the failure to tell people what is going on and why it is going on. Here I should like to put in a word for the industry in which I am interested. The reason why there has been no industrial unrest on the farms of Scotland for a generation is that the management of personnel, admittedly in tiny units, has been fairly carried out. I cannot think that the manager of a firm with 600 workers can adequately look after personnel interests and carry on the work of public relations and possibly something else as well. Nevertheless, that is what is done in the majority of cases.
Each industry must tackle the problem of better management, in that way doing what was emphasised by my right hon. Friend the President of the Board of Trade, namely, cutting down its costs. I do not want to make too much of this matter, since it has been touched upon by hon. Members on both sides of the Committee already, but the fear in the minds of many Scottish industrialists is that any greater efficiency, better management, or other effort will be cancelled out by the increased assessments imposed upon them.
We have heard of "astronomic" increases in the shipyards, and there is an engineering firm in Edinburgh whose assessment has risen ten times. If derating ends in 1963, as intended, the managing director of that firm has stated that in the case of an export inquiry running into five figures, 2 per cent. or 3 per cent. will have to be added to the price quoted to cover the possibility of these increased rates, and that that could tip the balance against them in the securing of export orders.
One other feature which could bring about a reduction in the costs of production generally in Scottish industry is better road communications. These could play a vital part in the next few years. I have perforce been away from the House for three weeks, and I have taken an even greater interest in the ongoings of my hon. Friends and hon. Members opposite in Scottish Committees upstairs. In order to take part in this debate I deliberately
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motored down the A.74 road on Saturday. Having read the description of that road in the OFFICIAL REPORT, I allowed myself an hour too long to make the journey, because I fully expected from the description to be stopped every few miles by diversions, traffic lines or other such obstructions. In the twelve months which have passed since I previously drove down that road vast improvements have been made, which make it almost unrecognisable at one or two points.
Having said that, it is only right to point out one disturbing feature. Of the contracts on that road only one has so far been completed on schedule. Other projects and developments which have been finished ran late. The same thing has been happening on the Fort William-Mallaig road. In a newspaper report last week I read that that road, which was scheduled to be finished in November this year, may not be ready in time for next summer's traffic. It is feared that the work at Turnhouse Airport which was under contract to be finished by 1st August may not be finished in August at all. All this compares unfavourably with what has happened on the Doncaster bypass, where all 16 miles were finished on time, in twenty-six months.
As I said at the beginning, it is a very narrow line at which realism ends and pessimism begins. I am not pessimistic about the future of Scotland or of Scotland's industrial life. I think that a tremendous opportunity exists for it, if it can do something on which I think so much of the industry of Great Britain falls short. If Scottish firms can fulfil their contracts on time, and if they can be really competitive in price, I think that the rosiest future awaits them.
7.18 p.m.
Mr. A. C. Manuel: I hope that the hon. Member for Edinburgh, West (Mr. Stodart) will forgive me if I do not follow the general line he has taken, as I want to deal more with constituency points as well as one or two other aspects of Scotland's position. I would say to the hon. Member that there was much good sense in his speech, and I agree with much of it.
I am pleased to see that the President of the Board of Trade has returned to the Front Bench, because he gravely disappointed me today, when he indicated in one part of his speech—I hope that he

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realises the significance of what he said—that because of Scotland's geographically remote situation in relation to other centres of commerce, or places where goods would be sold, we should need to put up with that aspect of it. I wonder if he realises that he is putting wards into the mouth of every industrialist who does not want to get out of the London area at a time when the Minister wants to get industrialists into the development districts in England, the North-East, Wales or Scotland. That excuse is far too easily arrived at today.
The right hon. Gentleman was indicating merely the difficulty of transport costs. Other problems, like houses for key workers, can be met. Scotland has something to offer in that connection to people formerly residing in England. I think that the difficulty to which he was referring was the freight charges for the commodities produced. But there are a host of commodities produced today of a light-weight nature, such as plastics, which are not greatly affected by freight charges. In the motor car industry in America, long distances are travelled to convey components to the factories producing the finished article. The right hon. Gentleman should change his argument a little, and say, "If the Americans can do it, so can we", in so far we can compare our little country geographically with that great country.
I turn to more constituency aspects. Things are happening in my constituency that we welcome, and I want to say so. A large part of my constituency is a development district. I was very annoyed to hear that the Government had made up their minds to close down the Royal Ordnance factory at Irvine, because I took the view, and I said so publicly as often as I could, that as long as the Government needed Royal Ordnance factories Scotland had as much right to a share of them as the rest of the country. I think that is a view that would be generally accepted. The Government should not have closed the Royal Ordnance factory at Irvine until they had alternative industry to employ the displaced labour which had to go straight to the employment exchange.
However, the Government did close the factory and a painful period then ensued in the Irvine area where unemployment figures rose very high. No great
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credit rests with the Government about this. I want to pay a very high tribute to the members of the Irvine Town Council and to its officials for the way in which they handled this industrial estate since taking it over. The council decided that it had to do something itself and, consequently, it bought from the Government the old Royal Ordnance factory site with the buildings upon it and has made an excellent job of its publicity to attract light industry to the site and really get things going. Much still remains to be done, but nevertheless the council deserve the greatest credit for what is happening in that area.
On the industrial estate itself, Hyster Limited have completed their metal plating shop which will bring the total floor area up to 250,000 sq. ft. On that small industrial estate there are many small firms. This is about the largest of them, and I am informed that the firm have applied for a further extension. Other projects which will bring employment to the district are the British Federal Welder Machine Company Limited and an extension to Wilsons Pipe Fittings Limited. The town council is also building a new factory to give employment to a further 300 people for the Wilson Sporting Goods Company of Chicago. That is going far afield, but it shows that with good publicity it is possible to go far afield. The town officials have gone to considerable trouble and have visited Sweden, America and elsewhere to impress upon industrialists the type of work which can be done in this area. We were desperately anxious to stop the rot of unemployment before we lost all the skilled people from our area. Even so, we lost a good many. When a situation arises—and I wish to impress this upon the President of the Board of Trade—in which there is heavy unemployment and the most skilful workers are lost—they are creamed off to England and other parts—it is then very difficult to get industry to go into the area. The Irvine Town Council managed to arrest the development of a hard core of unemployment in time, and things are now moving forward very well.
I am particularly pleased about these developments in the area, because there are indications that we shall need all the means of employment which we can get. There is the possibility of a run-down of

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the large staff employed by I.C.I. at Stevenston, which would affect many of my constituents who travel there by bus to work, and a good many of the constituents of the hon. Member for Bute and North Ayrshire (Sir F. Maclean). There are grave rumours of a large payoff there.
There is also the rundown of the contracting work at Hunterston, where the British Electricity Authority will not employ nearly the number of staff engaged during the site preparations for the actual running of the generating station. That will further increase the figure of unemployed in the area. In Irvine and district we have a hard core of unemployed of 1,373. There has been a slight improvement. There has been a drop of 1 per cent. in the figure since 1959, but it still stands at 5·3 per cent. Last year it was 6·3 per cent. So we cannot be complacent.
We must couple with the matters to which I have been referring the fact that 13,000 schoolchildren will be leaving school and looking for jobs in Scotland. Next year, remembering the figure given by my hon. Friend the Member for Hamilton (Mr. T. Fraser), this number will jump to 20,000. Every means available in the area will have to be used in order to take up the slack resulting from these young people coming on to the labour market. I cannot visualise a situation other than one in which thousands of these young people will go into dead-end jobs. There are not sufficient apprenticeships available, and there will be no future for many Scottish children unless we have many more apprenticeship openings for them. Those thousands who will go into dead-end jobs will, in a year or two, be back on the labour market without having been taught a skilled trade, and, therefore, they will find difficulty in all getting work in labouring jobs. I wish to pay tribute to those firms in Scotland which have started training schemes. Colvilles Limited is a good example, and I wish more firms Would start such schemes.
The preparation of a site is taking place just outside the burgh of Irvine on the Ayr County landward side near the village of Drybridge. The Skefko Ball-bearing Company Limited is starting a new and important factory in the area.
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We have nothing similar in the country, and it opens up great possibilities for the whole of Scotland as well as for Ayrshire. I know that the Ayr County Council will help in every way possible to make the people concerned happy and comfortable, and so will the burgh of Irvine. This development is just outside the burgh boundaries, and it is possible that many of the employees will be recruited from Irvine. Many will be Glasgow people who have come from Glasgow under the overspill scheme into the burgh of Irvine. That is one reason why Skefko came to that site.
There is also an extension to the Baelz Equipment Limited, which occupies a part of the industrial estate at Kilwinning, and I welcome that. This estate was built and equipped by the Government with the expenditure of a great deal of money, but there is still only one factory on the site. I wish again to make an earnest appeal to the President of the Board of Trade—I did so to the then President during the term of office of the Labour Government—for at least one more factory on the site. A great many people travel from Kilwinning to work, and if there is to be a rundown of the staff of I.C.I. it would save me a great deal of worry if we could have at least one more factory on that estate. We have spent over £100,000 on the project, and I think that now we should be trying to get back some of that money.
There is a strong rumour that people find it more convenient to go elsewhere than to Kilwinning because of the rentals on the industrial estate. I do not wish to develop that point further, but I should be grateful if the right hon. Gentleman would look at the matter to see whether there is the necessity to equalise rentals. If it has been possible successfully to break new ground at Irvine and to make use of converted buildings for which tenants have been secured, surely the same could be done on the Kilwinning estate.
I should have liked to have said something about transport and the use of diesel locomotives and diesel train units and what I think should be happening in the transport world. I consider that we should be making faster progress, and I hope that the financial cuts which we are to hear about to-morrow will not have too great an effect on the public

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sector of the economy. Where diesel train units are in operation the receipts are growing, as has been proved on the Glasgow to Ayr run, and we should have them on other routes. We should have diesel trains running between Glasgow and Largs at least until there is full electrification because there is money to be made on that route, and it is being made on the Glasgow-Edinburgh and Glasgow-Ayr routes.
I should have liked to have said something about tourism and the Highland roads. We heard today from the Postmaster General of an increase in newspaper and parcel rates and in telephone charges. At least one hon. Member welcomed the fact that the £2 per furlong connecting charge paid by people in remote areas is to be abolished. But surely he forgot that the additional £2 in telephone rental charges is to be paid by everyone, which will equalise that. In addition, new telephone connections in the remote areas will work out, as I estimate it, at £40 per mile. That is £5 a furlong. I hoped I was wrong about that, but at any rate there is to be an additional charge which I thought the Postmaster-General said was £5 a furlong, which works out at £40 per mile.
Does the Postmaster-General recognise what this will mean in the crofting areas? The additional rental will make many people think whether they can continue having a telephone. I deplore this when we are strenuously trying to populate the Highlands, for this will be another factor militating against that. I do not know what we shall hear from the Chancellor tomorrow. If what we have heard today is an indication of what we are to hear tomorrow, it will be a "blue day" for Scotland.
7.41 p.m.
Sir Fitzroy Maclean: I find myself in agreement with a great deal of what the hon. Member for Central Ayrshire (Mr. Manuel) has said.
What has impressed me, as one who has no pretentions to be an economist, has been the way the debate has shown what one can do with figures. Having been dragged down to the depths of depression—I think rather lower than was necessary—by the hon. Member for Hamilton (Mr. T. Fraser), I found myself immediately afterwards raised to great
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heights perhaps a little higher than was necessary—by my right hon. Friend the President of the Board of Trade. The hon. Member for Hamilton drew a picture of unrelieved gloom, but my right hon. Friend, while dwelling, as the White Paper does, on the more encouraging aspects of the situation, at least admitted that much remains to be done and proclaimed the intention of the Government to do it.
I was very glad to hear that, although speaking from a narrow political constituency point of view, the Highlands are no concern of mine, except that I happen to live in them, I thought he was being a little mean with his promise of £½ million. I hope very sincerely that, whatever measures the Chancellor is to announce tomorrow, they will not serve to aggravate the situation in Scotland. I hope that if at all possible they will help to improve matters. The same applies to any decision the Government may take about the Common Market.
In so far as there has been an improvement—and I think even the hon. Member for Hamilton must agree that there has been an improvement, though possibly only a relative one—I naturally welcome it. Although many jokes have been made about various projects, I am rather inclined to agree with the hon. Member for Edinburgh, Leith (Mr. Hoy), who said that it does not matter which Government are responsible for those projects so long as they bring work to the people of Scotland. The same applies to the pipeline about which we hear many disparaging remarks. For some time we have all been echoing the Scottish Council in saying that what is needed is 12,000 new jobs a year for the next ten years to bring our rate of unemployment down to the United Kingdom rate. I think there is reason for saying that this year at least there is every prospect of getting those 12,000 jobs. If so, that is a very great achievement.
Speaking as I do for a constituency in large parts of which the unemployment rate is running at twice the Scottish rate—let alone the United Kingdom rate—I should be the last to encourage any tendency to complacency on the part of the Government, or of anyone else. I spent part of this weekend talking to local authorities, in different parts of my constituency. I found the picture,

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although perhaps not quite so worrying as it was a year ago, still very worrying indeed, and, according to present trends, not likely to get any better.
The hon. Member for Central Ayrshire spoke of the situation in his constituency. The interests of our two constituencies are so closely linked that much of what he said applies also to my constituency. The two main trouble spots are the area of Ardrossan, Salt-coats, and Stevenston on the mainland, and, secondly, the Isle of Bute. On the mainland the main trouble is that the I.C.I. factory at Ardeer is running down its labour force very fast. This has nothing to do with local reasons but with world reasons. It arises from the fact that new factories are being set up in Africa and Asia with the help of I.C.I. and a great many processes which used to be carried out at Ardeer are now to be carried out in other continents.
Until recently Ardeer absorbed any available spare labour, but that is no longer the case. On the contrary, with the running down and the introduction of automation, more and more men are being thrown on to the labour market. The same applies to Hunterston nuclear power station, which is now approaching completion and employing far fewer men than it did before. On a much smaller scale, the shipyard at Ardrossan, like other shipyards, is a declining force.
Mr. Rankin: There is a rumour that, before it is completed, Hunterston power station is already out of date.
Sir F. Maclean: The hon. Member's guess is as good as mine. I have not heard that rumour, but in any case the power station is not a continuing factor for employment. In twenty years it will be burnt out, but that is looking a long way ahead.
In the Saltcoats-Ardrossan area the rate of unemployment is at present 5·5 per cent. Although that is better than it was at 6·3 per cent. a year ago, it is still far too high. As more men are paid off from I.C.I., I am afraid that the position is likely to get worse. The only answer is to bring more industry into the district.
The hon. Member for Central Ayrshire has spoken of what has been done in the Irvine industrial estate and I join with
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him in his tribute to the Irvine Town Council, which has certainly done much to help to give employment to very many of my own constituents. Three miles away from that industrial estate is the Kilwinning industrial estate. That, too, is in the hon. Member's constituency, but it is also on the borders of mine, and it is within easy reach of the labour available in my constituency. That estate has only one factory which, I believe, is to be extended, but we need several more factories there.
I have talked to the people who work at the one factory, and there seems no doubt that the estate is ideally situated and, as is shown by this impending extension, the factory already there is flourishing. There are first-class road and rail, sea and air communications, and it is within easy reach of the industrial belt. It only lacks enough factories. Every effort should be made to publicise this estate, and to try to get factories to go there. If, as the hon. Gentleman suggested, firms are being kept away by unfavourable terms demanded for factories, I would join with him in urging the Government to make those terms more attractive.
We are here dealing with a development district, and firms going there can expect help from the Government. What I think puts an applicant off is the enormous length of time it takes for him to find out what help he will get from the Government if he extends his business or goes to a given place in Scotland. It takes a matter of months whereas, in other countries, it takes a matter of days. As long as that remains the case, a lot of firms that would otherwise go there will refuse. It is simply a question of dealing with these applications with greater expedition, and not putting people off by bureacracy and bumbledom.
On Friday I went to look at the site of a project on the sea front at Stevenston. Stevenston has probably been more affected than any other place in my constituency by what is happening at the I.C.I. factory; its whole nature is being changed by that event. The town has very creditably made an effort so to transform the slag heaps on the sea front as to have the beginnings of a seaside resort. It has grassed over some of the slag heaps, it has built a paddling pool

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and a kiosk, and the whole thing is beginning to take shape.
The town council applied under the Local Employment Act for a grant to build an esplanade, which could form the nucleus of what might become a tourist resort. There is no reason why Stevenston, in spite of its present rather grimy appearance, should not become a perfectly good tourist resort, particularly when one thinks of its situation, and of the flourishing resorts within my constituency that are also within very easy reach of it.
What is very unfortunate is that the application, made under Section 5 of the Act, has been turned down on the ground that the area in question is not entirely derelict. The only reason why the area is not entirely derelict is that the town council has made some effort to help itself. It is now rewarded by not getting any help from the Government in the building of the esplanade—
Mr. Emrys Hughes: Does the hon. Gentleman really think that, after tomorrow, he will get any help from the Government for that local authority to indulge in such expenditure?
Sir F. Maclean: As has been explained from the other side of the Committee, we are having this debate today so that we might plant a few ideas in the Chancellor's mind. I do not hold any great hopes of being very successful, but I am doing my best.
Whilst I am on the subject of the tourist industry I should like to draw attention to one sentence in the Report, which says:
"While there was little change in the total number of tourists as measured by the number of persons staying in hotels, boarding houses and other residential accommodation, there was a further sharp increase in the number of overseas visitors."
The reason why more people did not stay in hotels was that there was no room in the hotels, and I only hope that the sharply increased numbers of overseas tourists to Scotland did not go away disgusted because they could not find accommodation. It indicates the need for more hotels although, speaking as an hotel keeper it would mean additional competition for me. I should welcome that, however, because, at the moment, there is not only plenty for everybody
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but much too much for everybody in the season.
In January last the unemployment figures on the Island of Bute reached 12 per cent. Admittedly, that is partly seasonal, and this month it will come down to 2½ per cent., which is not more than the average for the rest of Scotland. Nevertheless, it is a problem that one has to keep in perspective because, at the same time, the population of the island is decreasing.
One thing that has upset my constituents very much has been the departure of the Third Submarine Squadron. If there was one place in Scotland that would have welcomed "Proteus" it would have been Rothesay, and I have been empowered to say that should another Proteus "come to Scotland, we hope that Rothesay will be borne in mind. 'That might drive away the hon. Member for South Ayrshire (Mr. Emrys Hughes)—although, on the other hand, it might bring him on one of his pilgrimages.
Apart from the Royal Navy, I am sure that there are openings in Bute for light industry. If the Government have any money left after tomorrow, one thing they can do for Bute is to improve the northern approach to the island. The Colintraive-Rhubodach ferry is at present approached by a 10 ft. road with passing places. The number of vehicles carried by the ferry has increased very rapidly during the last five or six years, and now 25,000 vehicles a year, many of them heavy vehicles, go over this road. The road quite clearly is unsuited for heavy traffic. Unless something is done soon, either the rate of traffic will have to be controlled or there will be a series of breakdowns.
Great encouragement has been given to people in Bute by the recent visit of my hon. Friend the Under-Secretary of State. He came and looked at the road and gave the impression, which I hope is justified, that he proposed to do something about it. Other newspapers have been quoted today, and I should like to quote one sentence from the Buteman and Rothesay Express:
"Were it not for previous promises and disappointments in Bute islanders would be heartened by the report of discussions at Colintraive between representatives of local authorities and a Government Minister."

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Although there have been disappointments in the past, I hope that my hon. Friend's visit will not prove to be a disappointment.
Looking through my files, I discovered an account of a previous visit by a representative of St. Andrew's House which includes this sentence:
"The number one technician from St. Andrew's House has looked over the road and is believed to have muttered under his breath that it ought to be a two-way road throughout."
I hope that my right hon. Friend will see to it that that technician is promoted and that his recommendation is put into practice.
8.2 p.m.
Mr. Hector Hughes: What Scotland is suffering from today is lack of a constructive and coordinated plan for the whole country. One hon. Member said that this debate has an air of unreality about it. It has an air of unreality for that reason, and for another reason, namely, the fantastic doubts about whether the crisis from which Britain in general and Scotland in particular are suffering is a genuine or artificially engineered crisis designed to push Britain into the Common Market.
Recent speeches in this Chamber, daily newspapers and weekly magazines have been in unison singing a depressing dirge about the crisis in which Britain is and has been wallowing for the last eleven years due to Tory misgovernment. The question is whether the present financial and industrial crisis from which Britain in general and Scotland in particular are suffering is a genuine crisis or artificially engineered for that purpose. The Report on Industry and Employment in Scotland, presented to Parliament this month, does its best to put a good face on the situation but it does it with very little success.
Let me analyse the first paragraph of the Report, which some Members consider is cheerful but which I consider to be depressing. It states:
"Scotland's immediately predominant problem continues to be her long-standing unemployment …"
Her "predominant problem" implies, and truly implies, that Scotland is suffering from many problems. They have continued during the whole period of office of this Government. Conditions
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were better before the Government came into office eleven years ago than they are today, but this "long-standing unemployment" has continued during that whole period. The paragraph states that Scotland's unemployment:
"remains at a rate twice that of Great Britain as a whole."
The mere fact that Scotland's unemployment rate was greater than that of Britain's unemployment rate as a whole should have arrested the attention of the Government long ago and should have induced them to present a constructive plan, but it has not done so.
The paragraph continues:
"This"—
that is, unemployment—
"persists largely because the industrial economy is still too dependent on those traditional industries which for many years have tended to contract …".
That is an expert statement based on evidence indicating at least one of the causes of Scotland's long-standing unemployment and industrial depression. The Government should have addressed themselves to that fact and should have formulated a constructive and coordinated plan to deal with it. However, although they have had eleven years in which to do it, they have failed to solve the problem.
The paragraph in the Report goes on:
"… traditional industries … for many years have tended to contract, but the developments of recent years and those now under way and planned provide grounds for confidence"—
that is the first and only reference to planning and the first indication that a plan has lately been evolved—
"that substantial progress is being made towards a better balanced economy."
That is not a cheerful but a depressing paragraph for Scotland and for Britain as a whole.
There are other problems with which I will not trouble the Committee. I began by saying that there is some doubt as to whether the crisis from which Britain in general and Scotland in particular are suffering is a genuine or artificial crisis. I make that point because other countries are doing better than Britain. The Observer yesterday very cogently stated:
"Meanwhile in Western Europe, according to the latest economic report from the Common Market, production is rising notably faster than seemed possible at the beginning of the year. With wages and profits increasing

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sharply, these European countries are sucking in more and more imports. Again, this gives British traders an opportunity to push forward further in a number of rich markets."
There is the opportunity, but it is not being seized. Britain is not pushing forward
"in a number of rich markets."
Therefore, these questions arise. First, is the condition of Britain today the result of bad Government? Secondly, has it been caused by the policy of the last eleven years? Thirdly, is it an artificial crisis planned by the Government for Britain alone to force Britain into the Common Market? The Sunday Times, which no one would call a Socialist newspaper, seems to think that the answer is "Yes" to all these questions, particularly the last. The City editor of the Sunday Times yesterday had this to say on the subject:
"It is worth while inquiring whether the Government has created this flap—if that is a permissible word for an unflappable administration?—by accident or on purpose. Public relations people are saying that the Government decided on severe measures some time ago and built up the crisis so that the public would accept the measures when they came. These are not measures justified by a crisis, but a crisis which is justified by the measures."
If that is so, we have an unpatriotic Government and they should be hounded from office. There is more to the same effect, but I will not trouble the Committee with it.
A patriotic Government should evolve a plan which will solve the relevant problems, which have been clearly defined in the Report. I had a great deal more to say about Scotland and its problems and their solution, but in view of the time, I was asked to speak briefly to allow at least one other hon. Member to speak before the Front Bench replies. I shall, therefore, cut short what I had to say. I have made my point that this may be an artificial crisis engineered to force Britain, including Scotland, into the Common Market. The Government have produced no plan for the solution of the ills from which Scotland suffers, and I challenge them to do so.
8.12 p.m.
The Earl of Dalkeith: Last year, I made my maiden speech on this same subject. Because it was my maiden speech, I was not allowed to be rude to anybody. I was hoping that tonight I might have an opportunity
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to be rude, but on the whole the debate seems to have been so calm and peaceful that it is difficult to be particularly rude.
I was, however, a little mystified by the proposition put to us by the hon. and learned Member for Aberdeen, North (Mr. Hector Hughes) that eleven years of Tory misgovernment had brought us to this economic crisis and the suggestion which he proceeded to make that, possibly, it was only an aritifical crisis. I am, therefore, a little puzzled.
Nevertheless, the fact remains that this debate is overshadowed by the prospect of what may be said by my right hon. and learned Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer tomorrow and what he may produce for us in the way of medicine. The guess it that there will be a certain amount of credit restriction, increases in Purchase Tax and other things of which we have already been warned, possibly cuts in Government expenditure and the introduction of the payroll tax. While, undoubtedly, some parts of the country need this medicine to be administered to them, there is no doubt that Scotland would be ill-affected by it.
It would be extremely disastrous to our prospects of increasing employment if we were to have a cut-back in Government expenditure imposed on us now just when our plans for the future appear to be going ahead rather more favourably than before. I therefore appeal very strongly to my right hon. and learned Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer, when he produces his medicine tomorrow, to try, if possible, to administer it geographically. I know that there are immense difficulties in doing this, but if he can possibly do it, it would be of great benefit to Scotland.
Everybody agrees, both in the House of Commons and outside, that in this modern day and age unnecessary unemployment is intolerable from the humanitarian point of view in a civilised community. It is also intolerable on purely economic grounds. For example, the cost to the taxpayer of unemployment in Scotland last year alone was f13 million, and in 1959 it cost the taxpayer £14½ million. This is money paid out to people for doing nothing. I cannot help feeling that it would be better to spend two-and-a-half times as much as this upon various Government schemes to produce something useful at the end of

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the day, such as schemes for better roads and communications, in such a way that the money will at least be recouped. Indeed, this is one of the reasons why I support the building of the Q.3, because eventually it will show a return. Planning has been mentioned several times today as a result of the Plowden Report. As a forester born and bred, I am accustomed to planning, although not in terms of four or five years, but of fifty or even one hundred years. It is something which I have recognised as being necessary. There is, however, good planning and bad planning. The planning which has been produced from this side of the Committee has been, on the whole, much more satisfactory than the planning produced by the Opposition when they were in office.
Mr. Willis: Is that why we are in a crisis?
The Earl of Dalkeith: On the basis that £165 a head was the figure paid out last year to those who were unemployed, I suggest that if for every £10 million invested by the Government through the Local Employment Act they could ensure the employment of 6,000 people they would be getting a return of 10 per cent. on their capital. To my mind, that would be one of the best investments ever made by a Government. I ask my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State whether it would be possible to increase the attractions to industry to come to Scotland and at least to fight hard, as, I am sure, he will, to ensure that his right hon. and learned Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer does not try to prevent him from paying out inducements in the way that he has been paying them so far under the Local Employment Act.
I have listened to the debate with great care and I have been waiting to hear constructive ideas about how our unemployment difficulties in Scotland will be solved. It is not so easy to produce constructive suggestions, whereas it is extremely easy to damn the Government. Damning the Government does not, however, produce one extra job. I am sorry to say that, for most of the time I have been listening this evening, what I have heard has been damnation. Whether or not it is deserved is largely immaterial.
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I am a little surprised that the Opposition should criticise so vehemently in view of what happened when they were in office and were faced with almost exactly the same problem. The unemployment rate in Scotland was virtually double what it was in Britain as a whole, and yet they did virtually nothing about it. The difference is that this Government have done something about it under the Local Employment Act.
Dr. Dickson Mahon: What nonsense.
The Earl of Dalkeith: The fact that an extra 9,000 people are registered as employable and that last year's figure showed an improvement of 16,000 on the unemployment figure of the year before represents a net improvement in jobs last year of something like 25,000. I may be wrong, but that is my interpretation of it.
Dr. Mabon: Of course, it is wrong.
The Earl of Dalkeith: No doubt, I shall be corrected later if my arithmetic is faulty. This year the figures are running at approximately 10,000 better than last year. While that is obviously an encouragement and a step in the right direction, I entirely agree that there is no room for complacency anywhere. This is where I differ slightly from the hon. Member for Hamilton (Mr. T. Fraser) and other hon. Members who echoed his feelings that the White Paper reeked of complacency. I have hunted around extremely hard to find signs of complacency on this side of the Committee. If anything reeks at all of complacency, all I can say is that there must be a different collection of smells on that side of the Committee from what there is on this side. I can certainly find no sign of complacency in conversations which I have had with tight hon. Friend and with all my hon. Friends.
I should, perhaps, warn against over-optimism. We hear a lot of figures mentioned in connection with the pipeline, and it is getting fairly full. There are dangers in thinking that we shall have 39,000 extra jobs in a few years' time, because there will be a great many other industries which will be facing decline and facing acute competition from our competitors in other countries. This is obviously a gross figure which has been produced. We hope by the Local Employment Act and various other means

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to get industry to come to Scotland, but it is not a net figure, and we should bear that in mind so as not to be too optimistic.
It is sometimes suggested that the Government's aim should be to bolster up decaying and declining industries with subsidies, but that is not always a particularly good thing, because the money must, presumably, come from taxation. The taxation has to be paid by other industries which are exporting abroad, and that will increase the cost of their manufactured goods, so we have to be particularly careful about pushing that one.
A good deal is said about the tourist industry in our debates upon employment, and it is referred to fairly fully in the Report. I should like to congratulate all those who have helped to improve the tourist industry and the hotels and facilities. A lot of people have done a great deal of good in thus bringing in extra income which last year increased by something like 20 per cent. over the amount for the year before, but I should like to warn against certain dangers in connection with tourism. I think that there are certain hazards in becoming a nation of bed makers in that we are liable to be hit by other people's slumps, which would be a bad thing for Scotland.
On top of that, we have to equip ourselves to cater for tourists for a comparatively short season of three or four months, and then what is to happen to the people for whom there are no tourists to cater during the rest of the year? It is all very well if they are people living in an area where, perhaps, they want only occasional employment, such as wives and people who are already occupied in other jobs, but, if we build up a strong tourist industry and catering facilities, which will be idle for the rest of the year, for perhaps eight or nine months, we shall have rather unpleasantly high winter-time unemployment.
We can, perhaps, overcome this difficulty by increasing our winter resorts. I have never been to Switzerland, but I am told that we have amenities and facilities every bit as good as they have in Switzerland. There seems to be a growing yearning amongst people to break their necks and their legs by sliding down mountains. Well, if we cannot do anything else we can at
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least provide reasonably good medical services to cater for those who do break their bones.
On the question of new industries I should like to say a brief word or two about the mobility of labour. Obviously if we are to attract industry to Scotland we must increase the numbers of the necessary skilled manpower. The difficulty, as I see it, is that we have to try to synchronise the production of the skilled men at the same time as the industries. If we produce the skilled men before the industries come it means, obviously, that we are going to lose them to the Midlands and elsewhere where they will seek the jobs for which they have been trained. There is a delicate balance in getting the men and the jobs together at the same moment.
That is something which, I feel, can be done only by the Government. I think that the Government must organize—for instance, if the Government were to make contacts with industries in other parts of the country, industries which want to expand, to find out how many people for particular jobs those industries will want, and then were to organise an apprenticeship scheme to train the people who are wanted for those jobs. I do not think that that can happen without Government help.
I must say that I am very glad to see in the White Paper that the Government have introduced various new training schemes, and I shall be very interested to see how those go on, but I wonder also whether those training schemes can be extended to include apprenticeship schemes particularly for people in the building and construction industries, because I am always being told that one of the reasons why our slum clearance programmes and house building programmes cannot be pushed ahead faster is that there are not enough skilled people in certain trades in the building industry. I wonder, therefore, whether the Government could possibly consider an apprenticeship training scheme organised by the Government for people in the building industries.
On the question of the mobility of labour, we are obviously all of us sorry to see so many, particularly of our young, energetic and resourceful people leaving Scotland every year. This is, of

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course, a challenge. As has already been mentioned, some 13,000 more boys and girls will be leaving school next year than last year, and we face a very big challenge.
On the other hand, I do not think that we should be too pessimistic and parochial in our thinking about this, because, after all, the biggest take-over bid in the whole of British history was that in which Scotland took over England. I see some startled faces among English hon. Members opposite. But that is undoubtedly true, and not only did Scotland take over England but we took over most of the Commonwealth as well. Today she runs most of the Commonwealth. I know hardly a single-self-respecting Englishman who does not claim to have some Scots blood in his veins. Indeed, I expect to see such distinctive names as MacHughes and MacWillis seeking for registration in the clans of Scotland through the Lord Lyon's Office.
However, I think that we should not paint a false picture of Scotland being a vast maternity hospital exporting thousands of slaves to some distant lands like Siberia when, in fact, a great many of them are going only just over the Border to the South. We all live in the same small island and the Scotsmen, I dare say, will come back again—
Mr. Manuel: The money does not.
The Earl of Dalkeith:—bringing with them the training they have acquired and greater knowledge and thus benefit the Scottish economy. So let us not be too sad about it. We go on saying it in debate after debate, but it is no use being too pessimistic about this.
One must face a serious situation, of course, but I am certain that the Government are doing their utmost to push ahead under the Act to bring new industry to Scotland, and we must help, and to this end we must advertise our successes and our advantages which we have to offer and not go on magnifying our failures and disadvantages.
We must point out that we have the room to move, the space for industry to build and expend, fresh air to breathe, and, above all, talent: talent which has made the name of Rolls-Royce aero-engines famous throughout the world,
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the talent in the electronics industry in Scotland in connection with Ferranti which leads the world in this sort of electronic equipment; we have the talent of the knitwear and hosiery industries; we have the talent of the medical research industries and of medical scientists.
All these things are advantages to point to. I am perfectly certain that if we are determined to help ourselves we can face the challenge of the future and meet it.
8.28 p.m.
Mr. John Robertson: The take-over bid which we have just witnessed has not left me much time in which to make any decent contribution, because of the agreement which has been made. However, I will do my best in the limited time available to me. My hon. and learned Friend the Member for Aberdeen, North (Mr. Hector Hughes) quoted from Chapter 1 of Industry and Employment in Scotland. It is said in paragraph 1 of the Summary:
"This"—
that is, unemployment—
"persists largely because the industrial economy is still too dependent on those traditional industries which for many years have tended to contract …".
This is the most significant statement in the Report. It contains by implication the whole industrial history of Scotland. It tells us that Scottish industry has failed to move with the times and is still in the nineteenth century. It shows, too, that Scottish capital has been unwilling to invest in Scottish industry. Should we be surprised at that? After all, when social considerations have any effect on the direction in which private investment flows, it will be time for me to reconsider my political affiliations.
Scottish private enterprise has failed Scotland badly. We should keep on saying this. There is little hope of a solution in that direction. Another contributory reason for the present state of affairs is that there is not and has not been for hundreds of years such a thing as a Scottish economy. The problems which face Scotland are the same as those which face Northern Ireland and the north of England. They are regional problems peculiar to a national economy. We will salve Scotland's problems when we solve the problems

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of regions similarly affected. It is no use going into the question of why industry settled in the Midlands and the London area. What should worry us is that the concentration of industry and population is accelerating rapidly. Industry today settles where the market is, and there is little doubt that the added concentration which is taking place in London and the Midlands makes it more difficult for Scottish industry to establish itself.
It boils down to this. Industry will locate where the maximum profitability can be found. It follows that this condition is satisfied only in the main centres of population. The most significant and far-reaching trend, which prevents Scottish industry from expanding today, is the mass migration which is taking place. Migration is not new, but the pattern is new. The migration into England is such that the English population has increased by 352,000 in the last ten years. Last year the figure was 108,000. The northern regions of England in the same period lost 357,000. When to that figure is added the ¼ million lost to Scotland, we get some idea of the drift South and the concentration of markets.
I do not want to go into the question of migration from Scotland. There are so many varying figures that it is not easy to decide which one to pick. However, I do not accept the figures given by the Secretary of State because they are patently wrong. The Ministry of Labour showed us that there was a net loss in the year ending May, 1960, of 24,000 working population from Scotland. This is significant. We know from the age groups that it was young people who were, leaving. The fact that we are losing young skilled workers at this rate shows that Scotland is in a poor shape to develop new industries. I do not want to speculate about what would have been the results of the increase in population in Scotland if we had been able to keep these people over the last ten years. It is sufficient to say that Scotland would have been in a better position to expand, and the situation in which there is a shortage of skilled men in the midst of unemployment would certainly not have existed.
What are the prospects? To me they appear to be pretty poor. The fact is that the men who exercise most control over Scottish affairs do not sit in the
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House of Commons. The men who take the essential decisions are not accountable to the people of Scotland. I am convinced that if Scottish capital had been invested and was being invested in Scotland the Scottish economy would be thriving. We have all the factors for economic well-being, except one—the political will to bring it about
The political decision that has to be taken is the extent to which considerations of profit should be conditioned by considerations of social wellbeing. Only the Government are capable of doing that, but I am afraid that the present Government have neither the wish nor the will so to do. If we believe, as I do, that Scotland as a cultural unity is worth preserving, then we must provide the economic base from which it can go on. I have never thought of myself as being a Scottish nationalist, hut in the few months that I have been in this House I have been rapidly coming to the conclusion that the only solution is a Scottish Government.
8.35 p.m.
Mr. George Lawson: My hon. Friend the Member for Paisley (Mr. J. Robertson) made an excellent speech in the short time at his disposal, except for that one little point at the end, which the substance of his argument tended to go against He has shown—I hope to show something of the same thing—that Scotland is suffering from Scottish people. But it is, in fact, suffering from the business man who runs Scotland. If we had a Scottish Government made up of these business men then, indeed, we would have to call to God to help us.
Mr. J. Robertson: If we had a Scottish Government now it would be a Socialist Government.
Mr. Lawson: If we had such a Government then the answer from God would have been "Yes". But at this point I put it that the business men have been running the country for years and have been making a damned bad job of it. This we have repeated and will repeat on many occasions.
The noble Lord the Member for Edinburgh, North (The Earl of Dalkeith) spoke of the calm and peaceful nature of the debate. I wonder if we can think of what that means. After ten years of

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Conservative Government we have a debate which, if the noble Lord likes, is calm and peaceful because we on this side of the Committee and Members opposite who have spoken have underlined the kind of argument that we have put forward over the years. We were making the same arguments five or six years ago. We were then described as painting not only a black picture but one which was out of touch with reality. The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Power will remember the occasions when he made the point that we were describing a scene which did not exist.
That point, however, has emerged in this debate from Members opposite very much as we have made it over the years, although perhaps they did not put it in such strong language. But we feel a little more strongly about it, because our roots are far more deeply buried in Scotland than is the case with so many Members opposite. After ten years we are having to have such a debate as this and tomorrow we will have a statement dealing with the difficulties which face the country and the proposals which will be made to deal with them.
Not so long ago, there was a similar position, though not so bad, arising after the boom which reached its peak in 1957, and again we had measures to deal with the situation. Those measures affected Scotland more severely and adversely than any other part of the United Kingdom. A large part of the argument advanced today by Members opposite—including the President of the Board of Trade—showed that there was an improvement in 1960 as compared with 1959, but that improvement arose precisely because the position was made so bad in 1958 and 1959. The situation from which we were recovering in 1960 was generated by the earlier measures taken by right hon. Gentlemen opposite.
I cannot resist quoting what Lord Polwarth said in another place on the 17th July. Lord Polwarth is an ardent supporter of the Government, but he said:
"Look at what happened in the previous crisis of 1957. There was already an upsurge of new industrial development at the time, particularly in Scotland"—
The Temporary Chairman (Sir James Duncan): Order—
Mr. Lawson: I appreciate why you are rising Sir James. I cannot quote what the noble Lord said. The noble Lord made the point that measures which were taken by the Government clearly provoked the situation from which we are now said to be recovering. We are just recovering, and tomorrow we are to have new measures. What will they do to Scotland? It is a commentary on this Government and on the things for which the Conservative Party has stood that after these years we are back where we were, and we see no lasting improvement in Scotland. This is the point that I tried to make when the right hon. Gentleman was talking. He said that we were discussing this Report. We are discussing much more than that; we are discussing the state of Scottish industry and employment.
I put it to any hon. Member that we cannot understand what is happening in Scottish industry or in Scotland if we merely take one year and compare it with another. Two years do not provide a trend. We have to look over a number of years to see what is happening. The right hon. Gentleman told us how in certain respects Scotland compared in 1960 with 1959. It is either dishonest or very negligent. I prefer to think that on this occasion the right hon. Gentleman was not bothering very much, that he regarded it as an unfortunate task that he was asked to bother about Scotland, which has caused him so much trouble, and it was a bother that he should have to come along today and speak about it. For this reason, when I asked the right hon. Gentleman what the unemployment position was in Scotland in 1957, he did not know. If he had known, he would have appreciated that we were better off in 1957 than in 1960. The present improvement is an improvement only because we went down and have since risen again.
I repeat that if we are to look at our expenditure, see what is happening and judge what might happen, we must look at it over a period of years. The Report fails to do this. In fact, it is a condemnation of the Government that the Report is prepared in the way it is. Take the language which is used, for example. It is a language which in many ways "suggests". It says that "as far as can be suggested" things are going very well. We are constantly told

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about a "record". We are told that there was a "record" in this or that, and that the "excellent improvement" in this connection was not quite up to "the record in 1956" or that it did not quite reach "the record in 1957" There is this attitude of "a record" being created all the time.
In respect of the electrical engineering industry we are told that there is a record every year. But at this time of day we expect that our country's economy should be expanding. This is all nonsense. It is to be condemned. Whoever is responsible for the wording of the Report—it is the Secretary of State who is responsible—is to be condemned for talking in these terms.
For example, paragraph 22 of the Report says:
"The manufacturing industries in 1960 achieved a new high output record 7 per cent. above the 1959 level and exceeding the previous (1957) record by 5 per cent."
The Report says that the electrical engineering industry:
"as a whole has continued to create new output records year by year."
Paragraph 19 contains the words:
"5 per cent. better than the previous record reached in 1956–57."
Referring to textiles, leather and clothing, paragraph 45 speaks of the group:
"equalling its previous (1955–56) record."
Throughout the Report we see this attitude.
The Report is what my hon. Friend the Member for Greenock (Dr. Dickson Mabon) says it is—a propaganda statement. Any hon. Member who is honest will agree. The Report is produced in this fashion to put the very best possible slant on the position. It is produced in a way which is useful to the Press, which is always looking for something to say in praise of the right hon. Gentleman and his Government. The Press fell over itself about this. Take the Scotsman, the paper which likes to pretend that it speaks with the voice of Scotland. It is always ready to crawl before the right hon. Gentleman. The Glasgow Herald, more particularly, fell over itself in its endeavour to paint a picture to show how everything was lovely in the Scottish garden. This kind of thing makes one a little tired.
I would ask the right hon. Gentleman to do us the credit of looking at our
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industrial scene over a number of years, and to do us the credit of thinking that we are very genuinely concerned about what is happening to our country. I ask him to believe me when I say, on behalf of my hon. and right hon. Friends, that we are very angry when we hear this kind of attitude in painting a picture which we know is not an accurate picture. Let us have the accurate picture, and let us face it. Let us not take one year, but a number of years. That is the first point.
Scotland need not be in this position. It is most advantageously placed. Let us look at the map and the position of Scotland vis-à-vis Europe. Let us look at our industrial belt in the Forth-Clyde Valley area. I am pretty certain that there is no part of the United Kingdom better suited for the location of industry. No part of it lies more than 15 or 20 miles from a port, and anybody located in this belt could reach out to either the North Sea or the Atlantic. If we were part of Europe, Scotland would be most advantageously placed.
When these American industries came here to look at Britain and to find suitable places to which to allocate their factories, it was to the industrial belt of Scotland that they came. The Caterpillar Tractor Co., Ltd., had no sentimental regard for Scotland. It looked at Great Britain and saw just what it wanted. Euclids had no sentimental regard for Scotland, and neither had Honeywell and the others any sentimental regard. They were concerned only in finding an excellent location for their factories. Here, there is a large belt reaching out to the Atlantic and the North Sea, with main roads running north and south, and based upon good main railway lines. One could hardly find a better place for locating industry.
Do we have any of the difficulties which are found down here? For example, the Chancellor of the Exchequer goes to address a garden fête, and has to get out of his car and try to walk five miles, then get on somebody's motor bike in order to get there. What a comment on the situation down here when, for example, we hear of town after town in the past year not wanting any more industry. Middlesex wants to stop the inflow of people into the area. In the case of Scotland, we are looking at a small country, where it seems to me there are practical advantages.

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I appreciate the difficulties which the right hon. Gentleman is up against. We have all received a circular letter from an engineering firm protesting that it wanted to expand its plant down here, I think in the Nuneaton area, and the right hon. Gentleman stopped it doing so. The result is that the firm has gone to Germany. I appreciate that firms do this, but this again is a pretty bad comment on the patriotism of British industry. There are Scottish firms which do this, too. For example, the Distillers Company, Ltd. has taken a very considerable part of its development out of Scotland and into other parts of the country, and it will take development abroad, too. I am all for backing the right hon. Gentleman in his efforts to secure a sensible distribution of our industry.
There is so much to say and so little time in which to say it. Let me now refer to one point which the right hon. Gentleman made, when he said that Scotland was getting more than its due share of Government assistance. The right hon. Gentleman said that of all the assistance offered under the Local Employment Act, 47 per cent. goes to Scotland. Indeed, when the right hon. Gentleman said it, he thought it was really good that Scotland was getting more than its due share, but since he made the statement, certain of my hon. Friends have made inquiries. I myself made inquiries, too, but the Government could not give me the answer. My hon. Friends have found the answer for me, and this is it. The question is what proportion of the development districts of Great Britain is located in Scotland? What proportion of unemployment in the development districts is located in Scotland? The answer is 48·6 per cent., so that we are getting 47 per cent. of the aid and we have 48 or 49 per cent, of the unemployed population in these development districts. These are the figures.
These figures are taken from the Ministry of Labour Gazette and were provided by the Library. In England there were 43,388 unemployed and in Wales there were 9,385, a total in England and Wales of 52,773. In the development districts in Scotland in the same period there were 50,021 unemployed—48–6 per cent. of the total, if my hon. Friend the Member for Hamilton
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(Mr. T. Fraser) is right, and he made this calculation.
Not only has Scotland a higher proportion of the unemployed, but it has a higher proportion of the chronic unemployed. For example, I recently asked the Minister of Labour what was the proportion of young men under 20 years of age who had been out of work for more than six months and what was the proportion in Scotland compared with the rest of Britain, for example, the Midlands. The answer was that in Scotland the figure was 47 per cent., but in the Midlands it was 1·8 per cent., so that Scotland has practically half and the Midlands, a larger area than ours, fewer than 2 per cent.
In Scotland, 25·6 per cent. of our unemployed have been out of work for more than a year, a figure which is worse than the 23 per cent. in 1959. It is interesting to note that the relative chronic position worsens as the general state of the country improves. In Scotland we have more than a quarter of all those who have been out of work for more than a year. When the right hon. Gentleman the President of the Board of Trade speaks of 47 per cent. of the aid coming to Scotland, let him bear in mind that Scotland is getting less than what can be called its due share.
The hon. Member for Fife, East (Sir J. Henderson-Stewart) spoke of a breakthrough. I am very happy about the features of the development which he mentioned. At this stage I am not bothered about who gets the credit, and, like all my hon. Friends, I am happy about the development of the stripmill, B.M.C., Rootes and Pressed Steel, and I am sure that I speak for all my hon. Friends when I thank the right hon. Gentleman and the Secretary of State for their efforts.
However, what is significant, as the hon. Member for Edinburgh, West (Mr. Stodart) said, is that apart from Colvilles the firms are all incomers and are not Scottish. Nor would Colvilles have provided the stripmill but for the enormous political pressure, in which the Secretary of State no doubt played his part. What we have to appreciate is that what might be called the bright parts of the Scottish economy are due to industry coming

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from outside and certainly to the pressure of Government action. I do not think that the Secretary of State will challenge me about that. The Scottish economy will not get out of its rut unless and until the Government make still more effort. For instance, as the Government have succeeded in cajoling Colvilles into laying down a stripmill—and, incidentally, providing much assistance for it—why should they not succeed with much else? That is what we are asking for. We have no confidence in our Scottish businessmen. There are exceptions, but because of what has happened in Scotland, we have no confidence in them. We are asking for more Government intervention in industry in Scotland. If necessary, the Government should set up industries in those parts of Scotland where they are necessary.
Because of the shortage of time, I have had to cast aside a lot of the material I had prepared for this debate. Paragraph 11 of the Report deals with insured employees. I hope that the right hon. Gentleman will read this paragraph. It says:
"The total number of insured employees at the end of May, 1960, was 2,154,000, an increase of 9,000 from a year earlier."
I am not disputing that increase of 9,000, but if one examines the increase it will be found that there was an increase of 14,000 women and a decrease of 5,000 men. Year by year, the number of male employees in Scotland has fallen. I will not weary the Committee with all the figures, but between 1955 and 1960 we lost 43,000 males. Whatever may be said about jobs in the pipeline, this figure is important. There were 43,000 fewer males in emloyment in Scotland in 1960 than in 1955.
Let us consider, for example, the numbers employed in civil employment. The figure includes employers, self-employed and employees. Between 1955 and the middle of 1960 the figure for Great Britain increased by 660,000. The number in Scotland decreased by 22,000. It is not that the population of Scotland does not increase as rapidly as anywhere else. The population is constantly being bled.
Those who travel South every week see examples of what is happening. On the main railway stations on any night
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of the week one finds young lads who are coming down South on spec. I frequently talk to these young fellows and ask where they are going. The answer is invariably that they are going down to London on spec. They come down here looking far jobs, in many oases having given up good jobs. Opportunities for employment in the South are better, the pay is higher, and opportunities fr training youngsters are better. The chance of a bay getting a job in the Midlands is many times greater than that in our area. We get this continuous process of youngsters leaving the country.
Let us consider the growth of manufacturing industries. Paragraph 22 of the Report says:
"The manufacturing industries in 1960 achieved a new high output record 7 per cent. above the 1959 level and exceeding the previous (1957) record by 5 per cent."
This would lead us to believe that the position was a bright one, but when we look at the index over the years we find that we have been doing very badly. Starting in 1954, at 100, in 1955 there was an increase of 2 per cent., to 102; in 1956 it was 104; in 1957, again 104; in 1958 it was 102; in 1959 it was 103, and in 1960 it was 110. We have come up because we went down. Anyone would say that this represents stagnation. If the whole British economy is a stagnant one as compared with those of Germany, France and some other countries—which was the point of the argument last Tuesday—how much more stagnant is the economy of Scotland? Over that period, while the production of Scottish industries increased by 10 per cent. that of Great Britain rose by 23 per cent.
If we examine the Digest of Statistics we find that in every industry but two our record is bad compared with that of Great Britain as a whole. Let us take the basic industries. Mining declined more steeply in Scotland than elsewhere, as did shipbuilding. Textiles improved, but at a lower rate than for Great Britain, and even in steel our rate of development was much less than for Great Britain as a whole.
The one bright exception is drink and tobacco. The figures do not sort out one from the other, but I presume that the main factor is whisky. The Digest tells us that in drink and tobacco, whereas the Great Britain increase for 1954

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was 26 per cent., the Scottish figure was 61 per cent. A large part of the industrial development that the right hon. Gentleman may be talking about shortly has been devoted to the building of whisky stores. He will remember how desperately we tried to stop him handing over the Carfin building for whisky storage purposes. Hundreds of thousands of square feet of factory space have ben built for storing whisky. My hon. Friend the Member for Dunbartonshire, East (Mr. Bence) once asked who wanted to store whisky anyway—but they do.
The figure of industrial building that I obtained for March, 1961, was 7,300,000 sq. ft. My hon. Friend the Member for Hamilton has shown that this represents only between 6 per cent. and 7 per cent. of the building going on in Great Britain. About 913,000 sq. ft. of this was for purposes connected with whisky in some form or another. That does not hold out much prospect in terms of jobs. In these days Scottish Members do not refer to themselves as being Scotch; that word has become connected with whisky. Many people say that it is wrong to use the word "Scotch" to describe our nationality, and that it should be "Scots". I dispute this. The word "Scotch" is an old and honoured term, which was used by Sir Walter Scott and Burns, among others, and I shall go on using it. But it has become synonymous with whisky. What has it given us in return?—empty bottles and empty purses.
The decline of our basic industries in Scotland over the years has been steeper than that of similar industries elsewhere. The expanding industries—the industries which, we are told, are now happily helping to bring about a better balance in our economy—we find, on the basis of the Digest figures, are expanding less rapidly than the same industries elsewhere. For example, chemicals is a rapidly expanding industry. In Scotland, the expansion from 1954 has been 31 per cent., measured against the expansion in Great Britain as a whole of 45 per cent. In fact, we are behind. Even in the industry which has been boasted about, the electrical engineering industry, our rate of development is 20 per cent. up as compared with 27 per cent. up. This is happening over the whole field.
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From the evidence that emerges it is perfectly clear to me and my hon. Friends that there must be very much more of the intervention that has produced some of these bright spots if we are to get out of the difficulties that we are in. Do not let us have tomorrow something which will repeat, perhaps in a worse form than in 1957, the sort of circumstances from which we hope we are just beginning to emerge.
9.8 p.m.
The Secretary of State for Scotland (Mr. John Maclay): The hon. Member for Motherwell (Mr. Lawson) said that he had to discard a lot of his notes. If he will pass them over to me I will deal with them. I think that he was trying to cause me a certain amount of gloom. I was going to congratulate him on speaking from the Opposition Front Bench for the first time, but I understand that he has spoken from the Front Bench before; I must have missed the previous occasions. I am sure, however, that he will do it more often in the future. Perhaps I might recall the words:
"What was he doing, the great God Pan,
Down in the reeds by the river?
Spreading ruin and scattering ban."
Spreading gloom. That was what the hon. Member was doing.
I did not discern in the hon. Member's speech any very constructive thought about the future of Scotland. Nor did I hear throughout the debate as much constructive thought as I have heard in similar previous debates. Strangely enough, both of the hon. Members who opened and closed for the Opposition spent quite a bit of time telling me how wicked we had been in producing this document and in the way in which we had produced it. I thought that it was an extremely clear, concise and helpful document which sets out with considerable frankness what is bad and what is good.
I got mixed up during the speech of the hon. Member for Hamilton (Mr. T. Fraser). At one time he said that the Scottish Press had not read the whole of the document. Then I thought that he was attacking me for publishing a document which was unduly optimistic. But if he looks on pages 14, 15 and 16, the hon. Member will find a frank statement of the things which are difficult as

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well as a careful setting out of what is good.
We have heard quite a bit from various hon. Members about pipelines. Whenever there is any mention of pipelines hon. Members opposite make noises of a customary kind. I will give them two answers. Anyone who wishes to see results flowing from the pipeline should go down the A.8 to Bathgate where I have never seen a more effective piece of work carried out in factory construction. At Linwood there is a rather interesting bridge which is well known to the hon. Member for Paisley (Mr. J. Robertson) and there there is visible evidence of results flowing from the pipeline. The hon. Member for Glasgow, Central (Mr. McInnes) made an entertaining speech which I followed with great interest. He asked where are the jobs, but it is obvious that the hon. Member has not done his homework. If he turns to page 56 of the Report and looks at the table opposite, and if he refers to subsequent pages, he will see precisely where they are.
Mr. J. Robertson: I promised myself that the next time anyone mentioned "pipelines" I would suggest that we get Stewarts and Lloyds to tender for 800 men to start work on one, because they make pipelines.
Mr. Maclay: The hon. Member has to be careful. I am following his speeches with interest. He made one this afternoone in which his closing sentences caused eyebrows to be raised among his hon. Friends. I should like to explain the reason for those closing sentences, which is that the hon. Member is suffering from a few local problems and he was making appropriate noises to keep that part of his constituency under control. I heard the maiden speech which the hon. Member made in a Standing Committee. I did not hear his maiden speech in this Chamber, but I shall be very interested to hear him speak again, especially if he makes more speeches of the kind he made today.
The Report has been attacked as being optimistic. I do not think that it is if one reads it carefully. It would be quite wrong if we did not set out dispassionately what has happened in the year under review, and if we did not make an attempt to look into the future. That
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is what I have been pressed to do for years, and that is what we have tried to do. Of course, the subject is full of hazards and one cannot be certain about what will happen. Broadly speaking, I think that there can be no argument that, over the whole field, last year was a constructive year for Scotland, and the industrial progress which was made is described in the Report. Broadly speaking, the picture is satisfactory.
Some difficulties are inevitable. The problems of Lanarkshire were mentioned. In any progressive economy there are changes in fashions, in markets, in the availability and even in the sources of raw materials, technological advances in designs and methods of manufacture—all these result in new industrial growth and also in some replacement of traditional concerns. If that did not happen, it would indeed be stagnation of a kind which, in the long run, would prove disastrous for Scotland. No member of the Government can pretend that we can go through a period such as we are experiencing in the Scottish economy without there being setbacks as well as progress. That is inevitable in an economy which is not to stagnate.
I will repeat something which I have said too often before. Hon. Members of both parties are engaged in the major task of trying to change the traditional basis of the Scottish economy and to shift the balance so as to bring in new types of light industry and science-based industries so that Scotland is less dependent on the older industries like shipbuilding and heavy engineering which, while still extremely important and necessary, have ceased to have expansion potential and cannot sustain the same rate of employment as once they did.
Many of the figures which the hon. Member for Hamilton gave in his opening speech were confirmatory of the statement I have just made. In his comparison of the total number of unemployed in relation to total population he was saying in figures what I have said in words. We are engaged in a major operation to change the basic structure of the Scottish economy. The question we ought to have in our minds in whether this fundamental change is now approaching, or has even reached, the critical point when it can generate its own development.

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It is too early to say this yet, but I am confident that the progress set out in this Report shows that the process is gathering momentum. Very substantial capital expenditure is now under way. The steel and vehicle projects alone involve an investment of £150 million over three or four years. The situation towards which we ought to be moving and which we must do everything possible to realise is one in which there will exist in Scotland a widespread and closely knit network of enterprises associated with and indeed making up substantial parts of the United Kingdom vehicle and sheet steel industries. This will make an extremely important contribution to the economy.
Not only will the vehicle projects be of great importance in themselves, but the Committee should note that about half their turnover will comprise bought-in materials and components. When they are in full swing these will represent the output of 20,000 workers. That gives some indication of the kind of opportunity which will be available for ancillary industries which supply the vehicle plants. There is already evidence that Scottish manufacturers desire to diversify their manufactures so as to become suppliers to the industry. There is also evidence of interest by component manufacturers in the South in establishing production in Scotland either directly or by association with existing companies.
I state quite categorically that a very major effort will be needed over the next two or three years if Scotland is to obtain the greatest possible benefit from this opportunity which is now there. Of course I should like to see Scottish factories supplying all the components and materials to the vehicle plants. That is what we should work for, but, even if and when we get half that, it could give employment to 10,000 workers—as many as the vehicle plants are expected to employ.
Furthermore, some of the companies also provide components to other consumer durable industries. This makes still more important opportunities available. Apart from supplying what at present has to be brought in, the existence of such industries in Scotland ought to have attractive capacity to the type of industry which uses their products. This is the kind of breeder industry which we want to get in.
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I ask hon. Members in every part of the Committee to help in every way they can to encourage this process. The opportunity is there. It is up to all of us to seize it and make the best possible use of it by extension of some existing industries, the diversification of others, and the establishment of new companies.
As occasion serves, my right hon. Friend the President of the Board of Trade will use his powers to steer industry to Scotland and the Government will do everything they can to help, but I agree with my hon. Friend the Member for Edinburgh, West (Mr. Stodart) and others that much of the effort which is needed must come from Scotland itself. This is a challenge to both sides of Scottish industry, to local authorities and to everyone of us. If we can all play our part effectively I have no doubt that the fundamental changes Which we have under way can result in the more progressive industrial economy which Scotland needs. If we do not get that more progressive industrial economy for which we are all trying, the same speeches will be made by the hon. Member for Hamilton and by me for the next twenty-five years as have been made for the past ten years.
Sir Myer Galpern: How does this beautiful picture compare with the most damaging and utterly untrue allegation made by the President of the Board of Trade that Scottish management was less efficient than that in England? [Interruption.] That was very definitely and categorically said. Hon. Members should see HANSARD tomorrow. That allegation, which is disastrous, was actually made by the President of the Board of Trade—that management in Scotland was less efficient than it was in England. If it were allowed to go out—something wholly untrue—it would be very damaging to the Scottish economy.
Mr. Maclay: I listened to my right hon. Friend's speech, and I did not hear him make that remark. I shall certainly look at HANSARD tomorrow.
The point to be taken here is that there is a flexibility of development in Scottish industry that was, perhaps, a little lacking for some years. That is what we have to encourage in every way we can. There has been need for a

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pump-priming operation and that is what has happened.
Let us get down to this dangerous word "planning" which rouses such emotions all round. There is planning, and there is planning. It is quite obvious that hon. Members opposite understand what I am about to say, but let them think carefully of what has happened in Scotland since we came into power. We have been working steadily, not to apply a rigid, detailed plan, or to blue-print precisely what was to happen here, there or elsewhere. One cannot get events to move like that, if we are to have a flexible economy. I do not say that that is what the Labour Party would have done if it had been in power, but hon. Members opposite certainly sound at times as though that was what they did want. We have been trying as far as we can to think out in advance when and how to take advantage of opportunity as it offers for the benefit of the Scottish economy.
There is the case of Bathgate. I know very well that the hon. Lady the Member for Lanarkshire, North (Miss Herbison) has often taken me to task in these debates for not referring as much as she would have liked to what is happening in North Lanarkshire. That area presents an immense problem. The shale oil industry—let us admit it—has been facing a period when it must run down, and just when that will be I cannot discuss now.
We have managed to get the British Motor Corporation to Bathgate, within range of the area and, as a matter of deliberate thinking out of what would be best for all concerned there, we are to put our next new town near to that area. There is the prospect—that is all I will say, a prospect; we cannot promise—that we may be on the verge of solving the problem in a very important area of Scotland which was facing the risk of becoming derelict. We may get that area rebuilt, and if that is not flexible, proper planning, I do not know what is. It is the right kind of planning—
Mr. T. Fraser: Is the Secretary of State claiming that he and his Department selected the site for B.M.C. development? I had always understood, on what I considered to be reliable information, that the decision was taken by the British Motor Corporation which, incidentally, it
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seems to me, has thereby selected the site for the new town.
Mr. Maclay: I was trying to make clear that in all planning of this kind we are not rigid. We have been watching for possibilities where this kind of development would be most useful and effective, and I am delighted that S.M.C. decided on that site—
Mr. Fraser: So am I, but the right hon. Gentleman did not do it.
Mr. Maclay: I did not say that we did. But we have been watching for opportunities for what was needed, and we were ready to take advantage of the chance to do whatever needed to be done. That is the right way to do it, not rigidly to decide beforehand what is to be done.
There has been a great deal of real industrial progress in North Lanarkshire, and last year was a very successful year in attracting new development. Last year, eleven new or extension projects were completed, and there have been four more so far this year. In addition there are a considerable number of further projects under construction or approved. Some of these may involve little or no additional employment, but an area in which there is all this activity is certainly no longer declining. It is estimated that the new development will give employment for over 5,000 workers, not counting any additional employment that may come from Colvilles' new strip mill, or from the advance factories at Coatbridge, East Kilbride, Shotts and Carfin.
Still more important, these new completions include particularly desirable developments in so-called science-based industry like the new extension for the manufaoture of thermostatic controls, and the new scientific instruments plant. There are under construction projects of the first magnitude, including the vast new steel developments, and further extensions for the light consumer goods industry at Cambuslang, and for yet another firm of thermostatic control manufacturers. The projects approved but not yet started cover a particularly wide range—cranes, mining equipment, electronics, food products, plastics, motor vehicle components. These do not exhaust the list. I do not think that any reasonable person can possibly deny the very considerable advance we have made in diversifying industry in this area and

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in bringing in expanding firms which manufacture the products of the modern age. That must be our objective all over Scotland.
I know only too well that Greenock presents its own problems. There was a bit of a mixed-up argument about the Greenock problem while my right hon. Friend the President of the Board of Trade was speaking. The hon. Member for Greenock (Dr. Dickson Mabon) knows as well as I do that the question of sites is a very serious difficulty there.
Dr. Dickson Mabon: What about Port Glasgow?
Mr. Maclay: Port Glasgow is all right. We are very co-operative in that part of the world. The hon. Member knows from the Adjournment debate which we had recently what my hon. Friend the Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade has said about what is being examined in relation to Port Glasgow.
Let me repeat what has been said about advance factories. They always come up in this type of debate. There are occasions when advance factories may be the right thing. I assure hon. Members that it would give me the greatest pleasure to say that I was convinced that an advance factory was right far Port Glasgow and the Port Glasgow-Greenock area, but I do not believe that that is true at this stage, whatever may develop later. We might damage something that we want to do rather than advance it. That applies to other areas. Hon. Members opposite often argue from their experience in the immediate post-war years when, if a Nissen hut was built, industry would move into it. It would go anywhere under cover. That is to some extent the explanation of some of the figures which the hon. Member for Hamilton used at the beginning of his speech.
I have examined carefully, not for party political purposes, the course of events in the proportion of building between England and Scotland during the years since the war. I did so because there are lessons to be learned from it, apart from party political purposes. There are certain stages in the economy when employment over the whole country, including Scotland, is high and it is not easy to move industry. Even if things do not go in the steady upward curve
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that we want in Scotland, if there are setbacks in the progress that we want, the moral is to point them out in debate, but not to give the impression that it is disaster. There has to be added effort to be ready to catch the next wave of expansion and to move it in the right direction.
Hon. Members opposite did have good percentage figures for industrial building in Scotland compared with England and Wales in the years 1946, 1947 and 1948. By area, they were 16·6, 11·4 and 11·8. By 1949, things were changing. The percentage went down to 5·7 and in 1950 it was 6·5. There is an important moral to be learnt from that which I cannot develop tonight, but if any hon. Member wishes to reduce my salary by £5 I must give him time to do so. For £5 it is cheap at the price.
Question put and agreed to.
Resolved,
That a sum, not exeeding £24,943,485 be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for expenditure in respect of the Services included in the following Civil Estimates, viz:—

CIVIL ESTIMATES AND SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE, 1961–62

£

Class I, Vote 22, Scottish Home Department (including a Supplementary sum of £10,000)

870,285

Class VI, Vote 1, Board of Trade

4,046,950

Class VI, Vote 4, Board of Trade (Promotion of Local Employment)

20,026,250

Total

£24,943,485

The CHAIRMAN then proceeded, pursuant to the Order of the House this day, forthwith to put severally the Questions, That the total amounts of the Votes outstanding in the several Classes of the Civil Estimates, including Revised Estimates and Supplementary Estimates, and the total amounts of the Votes outstanding in the Estimates for Revenue Departments, including a Supplementary Estimate, and the Ministry of Defence Estimate, and in the Navy, the Army, and the Air Estimates, including a Supplementary Estimate for Army Services, be granted for the Services defined in those Classes and Estimates; and that sanction be given to the application of the sums temporarily authorised

157
in respect of Navy, Army and Air Services [Expenditure].

SCOTLAND (TRADE AND INDUSTRY)
  CIVIL ESTIMATES AND SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATES, 1961–62

    CLASS I
    That a sum, not exceeding £11,240,086, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class I of the Civil Estimates, viz:—

    £

    1.

    House of Lords (including a Supplementary sum of £10)

    167,233

    2.

    House of Commons (including ing a Supplementary sum of £12,010)

    1,111.958

    3.

    Treasury and Subordinate Departments

    2,370,000

    4.

    Privy Council Office

    31,036

    5.

    Lord Privy Seal

    3,000

    6.

    Post Office Ministers

    5,000

    7.

    Charity Commission

    146,598

    8.

    Civil Service Commission

    379,710

    9.

    Crown Estate Office

    111,262

    10.

    Exchequer and Audit Department

    363,700

    11.

    Friendly Societies Registry

    77,009

    12.

    Government Actuary

    23,728

    13.

    Government Hospitality

    45,000

    14.

    Royal Mint

    90

    15.

    National Debt Office

    90

    16.

    National Savings Committee

    939,105

    17.

    Public Record Office

    109,592

    18.

    Public Works Loan Commission

    90

    19.

    Royal Commissions, etc.

    244,000

    20.

    Secret Service

    4,600,000

    21.

    Miscellaneous Expenses

    402,795

    21A.

    Repayments to the Civil Contingencies Fund

    75,645

    Scotland:—

    23.

    Scottish Record Office

    33,445

    £11,240.086

    Question put and agreed to.

    CLASS II
    That a sum, not exceeding £91,828,013, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class II of the Civil Estimates, viz.:

    £

    1.

    Foreign Service (Revised sum)

    10,571,180

    2.

    Foreign Office Grants and Services (Revised sum) (including a Supplementary sum of £5.194,814)

    15,728,550

    3.

    British Council

    2,568,300

    5.

    Commonwealth Services (Revised sum) (including a Supplementary sum of £1,010,160)

    11,137,264

    6.

    Oversea Settlement

    125,100

    158

    £

    8.

    Colonial Services (Revised sum) (including a Supplementary sum of £5,103,910)

    17,545,861

    9.

    Development and Welfare (Colonies, etc.) (Revised sum)

    13,928,270

    10.

    Development and Welfare (Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and the High Commission Territories (Basutoland, Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland))

    1,450,000

    11.

    Commonwealth War Graves Commission

    753,036

    12.

    Department of Technical Co-operation

    18,020,452

    £91,828,013

    Question put and agreed to.

    CLASS III
    That a sum, not exceeding £83,408,610, he granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class III of the Civil Estimates, viz.:

    £

    1.

    Home Office

    5,368,280

    2.

    Home Office (Civil Defence Services)

    6,247,890

    3.

    Police, England and Wales

    43,867,753

    4.

    Prisons, England and Wales

    12,721,552

    5.

    Child Care, England and Wales

    1,856,600

    6.

    Carlisle State Management District

    90

    7.

    Supreme Court of Judicature, etc.

    163,325

    8.

    County Courts

    482,700

    9.

    Legal Aid Fund

    1,894,470

    10.

    Land Registry

    90

    11.

    Public Trustee

    90

    12.

    Law Charges

    548,308

    13.

    Miscellaneous Legal Expenses

    24,150

    Scotland:

    14.

    Scottish Home Department (Civil Defence Services)

    904,248

    15.

    Police

    6,856,615

    16.

    Prisons

    1,194,985

    17.

    Child Care

    330,330

    18.

    State Management Districts

    90

    19.

    Law Charges and Courts of Law

    315,914

    20.

    Department of the Registers of Scotland

    90

    Ireland:

    21.

    Supreme Court of Judicature, etc., Northern Ireland

    59,850

    22.

    Irish Land Purchase Services

    571,190

    £83,408,610

    Question put and agreed to.

    CLASS IV
    That a sum, not exceeding £154,565,908, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class IV of the Civil Estimates, viz.:—

    £

    1.

    Ministry of Education

    58,577,991

    2.

    British Museum

    524,438

    3.

    British Museum (Natural History)

    392,668

    4.

    Imperial War Museum

    41,144

    5.

    London Museum

    33,105

    6.

    National Gallery (including a Supplementary sum of £163,500)

    219,248

    7.

    Tate Gallery

    47,868

    8.

    National Maritime Museum

    59,207

    9.

    National Portrait Gallery (including a Supplementary sum of £1,925)

    27,511

    10.

    Wallace Collection

    31,188

    11.

    Grants for Science and the Arts (including a Supplementary sum of £8,000)

    1,182,495

    12.

    Universities and Colleges, etc., Great Britain

    45,033,060

    13.

    Broadcasting

    36,322,000

    Scotland:—

    14.

    Scottish Education Department (including a Supplementary sum of £3,470,600)

    11,956,719

    15.

    National Galleries

    40,032

    16.

    National Museum of Antiquities

    15,983

    17.

    National Library

    61,251

    £154,565,908

    Question put and agreed to.

    CLASS V
    That a sum, not exceeding £905,366,609, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class V of the Civil Estimates, viz.:—

    £

    1.

    Ministry of Housing and Local Government (including a Supplementary sum of £268,000)

    12,091,159

    2.

    Housing, England and Wales

    49,941,970

    3.

    Exchequer Grants to Local Revenues, England and Wales

    373,272,000

    4.

    Ministry of Health (including a Supplementary sum of £710,000)

    18,612,965

    5.

    National Health Service, England and Wales

    345,445,790

    6.

    Medical Research Council

    3,799,000

    7.

    Registrar General's Office

    570,430

    8.

    War Damage Commission

    235,105

    160

    £

    Scotland:—

    9.

    Department of Health

    4,098,790

    10.

    National Health Service

    43,737,000

    11.

    Housing

    10,404,240

    12.

    Exchequer Grants to Local Revenues

    43,075,000

    13.

    Registrar General's Office

    83,160

    £905,366,609

    Question put and agreed to.

    CLASS VI
    That a sum, not exceeding £176,969,165, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class VI of the Civil Estimates, viz.:—

    £

    2.

    Board of Trade (Promotion of Trade, Exports and Industrial Efficiency and Trading Services)

    5,021,635

    3.

    Board of Trade (Former Strategic Stocks)

    300,000

    5.

    Registration of Restrictive Trading Agreements

    109,350

    6.

    Export Credits

    90

    7.

    Export Credits (Special Guarantees)

    90

    8.

    Ministry of Labour

    16,238,000

    9.

    Ministry of Aviation

    147,300,000

    10.

    Civil Aviation

    2,000,000

    11.

    Ministry of Aviation (Purchasing (Repayment) Services)

    6,000,000

    £176,969,165

    Question put and agreed to.

    CLASS VII
    That a sum, not exceeding £54,982,013, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class VII of the Civil Estimates, viz.:—

    £

    1.

    Ministry of Works

    4,930,000

    2.

    Houses of Parliament Buildings

    309,500

    3.

    Public Buildings, etc., United Kingdom (including a Supplementary sum of £225,000)

    21,392,000

    3A.

    Earl of Balfour Memorial

    10,250

    3B.

    Viscount Trenchard Memorial

    9,350

    4.

    Public Buildings Overseas (including a Supplementary sum of £680,000)

    3,548,000

    5.

    Royal Palaces

    538,000

    6.

    Royal Parks and Pleasure Gardens

    682,500

    7.

    Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments

    865,000

    161

    £

    8.

    Rates on Government Property

    10,148,313

    9.

    Stationery and Printing

    9,400,100

    10.

    Central Office of Information

    3,149,000

    £54,982,013

    Question put and agreed to.

    CLASS VIII
    That a sum, not exceeding £217,678,205, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class VIII of the Civil Estimates, viz.:—

    £

    1.

    Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food

    14,128,915

    2.

    Agricultural and Food Grants and Subsidies (including a Supplementary sum of £10,500)

    144,763,730

    3.

    Agricultural and Food Services (including a Supplementary sum of £30,000)

    7,640,065

    4.

    Food (Strategic Reserves)

    1,474,000

    5.

    Fishery Grants and Services

    5,772,190

    6.

    Surveys of Great Britain, etc.

    2,455,850

    7.

    Agricultural Research Council

    4,029,000

    8.

    Nature Conservancy

    285,000

    9.

    Development Fund

    939,450

    10.

    Forestry Commission

    7,600,000

    Scotland:—

    11.

    Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (including a Supplementary sum of £1,500)

    26,900,335

    12.

    Fisheries (Scotland) and Herring Industry

    1,689,670

    £217,678,205

    Question put and agreed to.

    CLASS IX
    That a sum, not exceeding £233,840,672, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class IX of the Civil Estimates, viz.:—

    £

    1.

    Ministry of Transport

    2,891,330

    2.

    Roads, &c, England and Wales

    78,834,110

    3.

    Transport (British Transport Commission) (including a Supplementary sum of £27,000.000)

    95,667,000

    4.

    Transport (Shipping and Special Services)

    664,000

    5.

    Ministry of Power

    1,501,490

    6.

    Ministry of Power (Services)

    917,930

    162

    £

    7.

    Office of the Minister for Science

    68,500

    8.

    Atomic Energy (including a Supplementary sum of £10)

    31,320,010

    9.

    Department of Scientific and Industrial Research

    10,112,832

    Scotland:—

    10.

    Roads, &c.

    11,863,470

    £233,840,672

    Question put and agreed to.

    CLASS X
    That a sum, not exceeding £431,171,860, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in Class X of the Civil Estimates, viz.:—

    £

    1.

    Superannuation and Retired Allowances

    15,150,000

    2.

    Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance

    4,995,560

    3.

    War Pensions, &c.

    66,334,250

    4.

    National Insurance and Family Allowances

    216,172,000

    5.

    National Assistance Board

    123,653,000

    6.

    Pensions, &c. (India, Pakistan and Burma)

    4,166,960

    7.

    Royal Irish Constabulary Pensions, &c.

    700,000

    8.

    Post Office Superannuation and Retired Allowances

    90

    £431,171,860

    Question put and agreed to.

    ESTIMATES FOR REVENUE DEPARTMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE, 1961–62
    That a sum, not exceeding £53,352,000, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Services included in the Estimates for Revenue Departments, viz.:—

    £

    1.

    Customs and Excise

    13,671,000

    2.

    Inland Revenue (including a Supplementary sum of £3,168,000)

    39,681,000

    £53,352,000

    Question put and agreed to.

    MINISTRY OF DEFENCE ESTIMATE, 1961–62
    That a sum, not exceeding £12,420,000, be granted to Her Majesty, to complete the sum necessary to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, for the salaries and expenses of the Ministry of Defence; expenses in connection with International Defence Organisations, including international subscriptions; and certain grants in aid.
    Question put and agreed to.

    NAVY ESTIMATES, 1961–62
    That a sum not exceeding £277,518,000, be granted to Her Majesty, to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Navy Services, viz.:—

    £

    3.

    Medical Establishments and Services

    1,433,000

    4.

    Civilians Employed on Fleet Services

    8,503,000

    5.

    Educational Services

    1,800,000

    7.

    Royal Naval Reserves

    1,173,000

    8.

    Shipbuilding, Repairs, Maintenance, &c:—

    Section I.—Personnel

    47,453,000

    Section II.—Matériel

    55,451,000

    Section III.—Contract Work

    97,673,000

    9.

    Naval Armaments

    25,975,000

    12.

    Admiralty Office

    10,533,000

    13.

    Non-Effective Services

    27,524,000

    £277,518,000

    Question put and agreed to.

    ARMY ESTIMATES AND SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE, 1961–62
    That a sum, not exceeding £253,760,010, be granted to Her Majesty, to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Army Services, viz.:—

    £

    3.

    War Office

    6,790,000

    4.

    Civilians

    108,310,000

    5.

    Movements

    27,650,000

    6.

    Supplies, &c.

    39,610,000

    7.

    Stores (including a Supplementary sum of £10)

    71,400,010

    £253,760,010

    Question put and agreed to.

    AIR ESTIMATES, 1961–62
    That a sum, not exceeding £138,710,000, be granted to Her Majesty, to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March 1962, for Expenditure in respect of the Air Services, viz.:—

    £

    3.

    Air Ministry

    5,660,000

    4.

    Civilians at Outstations and the Meteorological Office

    42,420,000

    5.

    Movements

    13,880,000

    6.

    Supplies

    61,890,000

    10.

    Non-Effective Services

    14,860,000

    £138,710,000

    Question put and agreed to.

    NAVY EXPENDITURE, 1959–60
    That sanction be given to the application of the sum of £2.312,078 2s. 3d. out of surpluses arising out of certain Votes for Navy
    164
    Services for the year ended 31st March 1960, to defray expenditure in excess of that appropriated to certain other Votes for those Services and to meet a deficit in receipts not offset by a saving in expenditure from the respective Vote as set out in and temporarily authorised in the Treasury Minute of 13th February 1961 (H.C. 113) and reported upon by the Committee of Public Accounts in their Second Report (H.C. 220).
    Question put and agreed to.

    ARMY EXPENDITURE, 1959–60
    That sanction be given to the application of the sum of £2,667,720 15s. 8d. out of surpluses arising out of certain Votes for Army Services for the year ended 31st March, 1960, to defray expenditure in excess of that appropriated to certain other Votes for those Services sand to meet deficits in receipts not offset by savings in expenditure from the respective Votes as set out in and temporarily authorised in the Treasury Minute of 8th February, 1961 (H.C. 106) and reported upon by the Committee of Public Accounts in their Second Report (H.C. 220).
    Question put and agreed to.

    AIR EXPENDITURE, 1959–60
    That sanction be given to the application of the sum of £1,872,354 10s. 1d. out of surpluses arising out of certain Votes for Air Services for the year ended 31st March, 1960, to defray expenditure in excess of that appropriated to certain other Votes for those Services and to meet deficits in receipts not offset by savings in expenditure from the respective Votes as set out in and temporarily authorised in the Treasury Minute of 13th February, 1961 (H.C. 107) and reported upon by the Committee of Public Accounts in their Second Report (H.C. 220).
    Question put and agreed to.
    Resolutions to be reported.
    Report to be received Tomorrow; Committee to sit again Tomorrow.

  WAYS AND MEANS
  Considered in Committee.
  [Sir Gordon Touche in the Chair]
  Resolved,
  That, towards making good the Supply granted to Her Majesty for the service of the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1962, the sum of £3,125,425,646 be granted out of the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom.—[Sir E. Boyle.]
  Resolution to be reported.
  Report to be received Tomorrow.
  Committee to sit again Tomorrow.

  RIVERS (PREVENTION OF POLLUTION) BILL
  Lords Amendments considered.
  RIVERS (PREVENTION OF POLLUTION) BILL

    Clause 1.—(RIVER BOARD'S CONSENT FOR PRE-1951 DISCHARGES.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 3, line 15, at end insert:
    "and where consent is granted before that date subject to conditions, those conditions may, subject to subsection (6) of this section, take effect before that date."
    9.33 p.m.
    Mr. John M. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    It was always the intention that river boards should be able to grant consent for discharging into rivers before the appointed day. This was not exactly clear in Clause 1, and this Lords Amendment is for the avoidance of doubt.
    Question put and agreed to.

    Clause 2.—(PROTECTION WHILE APPLICATIONS ARE BEING DEALT WITH.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 3, line 40, at end insert:
    "or
    (e) paragraph 32 of the Third Schedule to the Gas Act, 1948, or section sixty-eight of the Public Health Act, 1875 (which relate to pollution from gasworks),".
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    Paragraph 32 of the Third Schedule to the Gas Act, 1948, and Section 68 of the Public Health Act, 1875, both impose an absolute prohibition on the discharge of any effluent from any gas undertaking. It seems quite unrealistic that this prohibition should continue in view of the fact that river boards will have new powers to control all effluents passing into rivers and streams. Recognising that this prohibition was discriminatory, it seemed desirable to give gas undertakings protection while applications were being dealt with. This Lords Amendment is to put this situation in order.
    Question put and agreed to.
    Lords Amendment: In page 4, line 2, leave out "use" and insert "make proper use of".
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    It was recognised by the river boards and by the industrial interests that the words in 'the Bill as drafted,
    "failed to use, or to repair or maintain, any purification plant"
    were not exactly explicit enough. Therefore, it was decided that the words in this Lords Amendment "make proper use of" were very much more appropriate. This alternative wording is, I know, acceptable to the river board interests and to the industrial and local authority interests, and, I believe, will be satisfactory to this House.
    Question put and agreed to.

    Clause 4.—(Protection for persons COMPLYING WITH CONDITIONS.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 5, line 20, at end insert:
    "or
    (e) paragraph 32 of the Third Schedule to the Gas Act, 1948, or section sixty-eight of the Public Health Act, 1875,"
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, that this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    I previously explained the effects of paragraph 32 of the Third Schedule of the Gas Act, 1948, and Section 68 of the Public Health Act, 1875. This Amendment is very similar to the Amendment which I moved to Clause 2. Its effect is to give protection to persons who are complying with the conditions laid down by the River Board. It is reasonable to give this protection in the case of Clause 4 in a similar manner to the protection given in the case of Clause 2.
    Question put and agreed to.

    Clause 5.—(Review and variation of CONDITIONS GOVERNING DISCHARGES AND NEW OUTLETS.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 6, line 18, at end insert:
    "(4) Subsection (2) of this section shall not apply to a consent or notice which, in consequence of the temporary nature of the discharge to which it relates or for any other reason, will be spent within two years from the date on which the consent takes effect or the notice is given, and no notice shall be given under subsection (1) of this section varying the

    167
    conditions of any such consent or notice except with the consent in writing of the person making the discharge."
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    It was considered inappropriate that the terms of the First Schedule should apply to a consent to discharge which was essentially of a temporary nature. For example, if an industrial plant were at the time of its annual holidays cleaning out its effluent treatment plant or if a local authority were flushing out its sewage disposal tanks, being an occasional happening, these events would not be appropriate to be dealt with under the terms of the First Schedule, which is designed to deal with discharges of a continuing nature. In the circumstances I think that the Amendment will meet the position and I trust that it will meet with the acceptance of the House.
    Question put and agreed to.

    Clause 7.—(OTHER PROVISIONS RELATING TO DISCHARGES AND NEW OUTLETS.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 8, line 22, to leave out from beginning to "stream" in line 25 and to insert:
    "If the occupier of land or premises from which effluent passes or may pass to a".
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    Sir Gordon, would it be convenient if the Amendments in lines 26 and 29 were discussed with this Amendment?
    Mr. Deputy-Speaker (Sir Gordon Touche): Yes, that would be for the convenience of the House.
    Mr. Temple: These Amendments, which are all linked, look formidable, but in fact they are designed entirely to help both local authorities and industrial interests. Clause 7 (4) was inserted in the Bill in order to be of assistance to the interests I have just mentioned. Unfortunately, those interests regarded the subsection with a certain amount of suspicion and, as it was designed only to assist them, it was thought desirable to turn the subsection round so that these conditions can be applied in these instances only if the occupier of the land or premises gives his consent. I under-
    168
    stand that this approach is appreciated by both the local authority and industrial interests. In these circumstances I trust that the Amendment will prove acceptable to the House.
    Question put and agreed to.
    Subsequent Lords Amendments agreed to.

    Clause 9.—{ESTUARIES AND TIDAL WATERS.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 9, line 18, at end insert:
    ",but as if, in relation to any tidal waters or parts of the sea to which the provisions of the said sections two to five, or any of them, are first applied at a time after the commencement of this Act, for references to the date appointed under section one of this Act there were substituted references to a date twelve months after that time or such earlier or later date as may be specified in the order applying the said provisions."
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    This is a purely technical Amendment to correct a drafting omission.
    Question put and agreed to.
    Lords Amendment: In page 9, line 24, at end insert:
    "and the said Act of 1960 shall apply to any such tidal waters or parts of the sea as are not controlled waters but are waters to which, at the commencement of this Act, any of the provisions of sections two to five of the principal Act apply by virtue of an order made, or having effect as if made, under section six of that Act as it applies to controlled waters."
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    This is a technical Amendment to correct a minor drafting defect.
    Question put and agreed to.

    Clause 10.℄(SAMPLES OF EFFLUENT.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 10, line 35, after "1948" insert:
    "or under any other enactment,"
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    This is a purely drafting Amendment.
    Question put and agreed to.

    Clause 11.—(Restriction on PROCEEDINGS.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 11, line 22, after "or" insert "the foregoing provisions of".
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    This is a drafting Amendment.
    Amendment agreed to.

    Clause 12.—(Restriction of disclosure of information.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 11, line 35, after "information" insert "(i)".
    Mr. Temple: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    By your leave Mr. Speaker, perhaps it would be convenient for the House also to consider with this Amendment the remaining Amendments.
    Mr. Speaker: As the House pleases. That would be convenient.
    Mr. Temple: Clause 12 is the Clause which is designed to restrict disclosure of information. It was added during the Committee stage in this House, and subsequently it was recognised that there were doubts about certain aspects of it. It was primarily designed to ensure that industrial secrets should not be made known outside the trades concerned.
    It was recognised that, if this Clause went through in its original state, it might be impossible for river boards to disclose certain information which they had regarding toxic elements in the waters of rivers and streams. The intention of the Clause is the protection of trade secrets, and the Amendments will make it possible for those secrets to be preserved. Anybody disclosing them will be subject to prosecution.
    Under these Amendments, it will be possible for the river boards concerned to let the public know if there are certain toxic elements in rivers and streams concerning which it would be desirable for the public to have information. I believe that the Clause in its new form will preserve the balance as between the protection of the industrial interests and the protection of the public, and in those
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    circumstances I hope the Amendments will be accepted.
    Question put and agreed to.
    Remaining Lords Amendments agreed to.

    POLICE FEDERATION BILL
    Lords Amendments considered and agreed to.
  HIGHWAYS (MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) BILL
  Lords Amendments considered.
  HIGHWAYS (MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) BILL

    Clause 6.—(POWER TO FILL IN ROADSIDE DITCHES, ETC)
    Lords Amendment: In page 6, line 8, after "of" insert "service of".
    9.50 p.m.
    The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport (Mr. John Hay): I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    This is purely a drafting Amendment. It will make the wording of Clause 6 (4, b) consistent with that in Clause 10 (1).
    Question put and agreed to.

    Clause 9.—(Supplementary provisions AS TO REMOVAL OF OBSTRUCTIONS FROM HIGHWAYS.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 7, line 17, leave out from beginning to "recover" in line 18.
    Mr. Hay: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.
    I think it might be convenient, Mr. Speaker, if we were to discuss at the same time the two following Amendments:
    In line 19, after "caused" insert "or contributed to".
    In line 24, at end insert:
    ",so however that no such expenses shall be recoverable from a person who proves that he took reasonable care to secure that the thing in question did not cause or contribute to the obstruction".
    Mr. Speaker: That will be all right, but I should indicate that the Amendment in line 24 involves considerations of Privilege.
    Mr. Hay: Paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of Clause 9 as originally passed in this House empowered a highway authority to recover from the owner of an obstruction on the highway the cost of removing it and of fencing it or lighting it if necessary pending its removal unless the obstruction had been caused by some other person.
    In another place it was represented that this last exception might be too narrow, because an obstruction might be caused which the owner could neither have prevented nor reasonably have foreseen. An example might be that a tree could be blown down by a strong gale or struck by lightning, or that the earth of a bank by the side of the road might slip by reason of severe floods.
    I have been advised that at common law the liability of property owners in respect of damage caused by trees from their property is not absolute. Unless the owner had clearly failed to take reasonable care, he would not be held to be liable. So the Amendment is framed in accordance with this principle. It will except from the higliway authority's right to recover its expenses any case where the owner can show that he took reasonable care to ensure that the thing removed by the authority did not cause or contribute to obstruction. I think that this is a reasonable Amendment for us to accept.
    Question put and agreed to.
    Subsequent Lords Amendments agreed to.

    New Clause A.—(OVERRULING OF OBJECTIONS TO STREETS BECOMING MAINTAINABLE HIGHWAYS.)
    Lords Amendment: In page 8, line 17, at end insert Clause A:
    "A.—(1) Where by virtue of an objection made in pursuance of section two hundred and two of the principal Act (which provides that where street works have been executed in a private street or part of it, the street works authority may by notice make the street or part a highway maintainable at the public expense unless the owner or a majority of the owners of the street or part object) a private street within the meaning of that section or a part of such a street is prevented from becoming such a highway, the street works authority may, within two months from the expiration of the period mentioned in subsection (1) of that section, apply to a magistrates' court for an order overruling the objection.
    (2) If an order overruling the objection is made in pursuance of the foregoing subsection and no appeal against the order is brought within the time limited for such an appeal, the street or part in question shall become a highway maintainable at the public expense on the expiration of that time; and where such an order is made or refused and an appeal, or an appeal arising out of that appeal, is brought against or arises out of the order or refusal, the street or part shall become such a highway on the final determination of the matter in favour of the authority or on the abandonment of the appeal by the objectors.
    (3) Any power, however worded, to enlarge the time for appealing or seeking leave to appeal shall not be exercisable for the purposes of this section."
    Read a Second time.
    Mr. Hay: I beg to move, as an Amendment to the Lords Amendment, in subsection (3), to leave out from "Any" to "shall", and to insert:
    "Notwithstanding anything in any other enactment or provision, for the purposes of this section the time for bringing or seeking leave for any appeal (including an application fer certiorari) shall be two months from the date of the decision or of the conclusion of the proceedings appealed against, unless apart from this subsection the time is less than that period; and any power, however worded, to enlarge any such time".
    In accordance with the rules of order, we have to take the Amendment to the Lords Amendment first, but I must explain what the new Clause does, so that I can explain what the Amendment to it seeks to do. The new Clause to which this Amendment relates amends Section 202 of the Highways Act, 1959. Under that Section as it stands, when a private street has been made up, the street works authority—the borough or urban district council, or in a rural district the county council—may by notice declare it to be a highway maintainable at the public expense. But within one month from the notice, the owner of the street or a majority of owners if there are more than one, may object. If such an objection is duly made, the street remains a private street.
    What the new Clause does is to give the council the right in case of such objections to bring the matter before the magistrates for decision. The matter having been brought before the courts, the normal machinery of appeal to a higher court automatically becomes effective. We feel that there is a need for securing some finality on the question whether a street is or is not a highway maintainable at the public expense, and

    173
    that that question should be decided within a reasonable time. Otherwise, we should be faced with the situation where it would be possible, for example, by bringing proceedings by an order of certiorari, which is referred to in the Amendment, for the whole question whether or not the highway had become maintainable at public expense to be reopened, perhaps a number of years even from the time when the local authority itself and everyone else believed that it had become so maintainable.
    It was to deal with this problem that subsection (3) was originally inserted, but subsequently it was discovered that this contained some defects, and the purpose of the amended subsection, which is the Amendment I am now moving to the Lords Amendment, would be to remedy these defects. It is a very complicated situation, but I have looked at it very carefully, and I feel quite satisfied that it is something we ought to do.
    Mr. Eric Fletcher: As the Parliamentary Secretary has said, this is a complicated matter, and I am not sure that the House has entirely understood the effect of the Amendment which is now proposed. I myself have not understood the hon. Gentleman's reference to certiorari. Am I to understand that if his proposed Amendment to the Lords Amendment were carried, that would give persons interested the right to apply for an order of certiorari or that it would take it away?
    Mr. Hay: With the leave of the House, I should like to reply to the point raised by the hon. Member. What the Amendment seeks to do is to create some position of finality, as I said, to the prospect of indefinite appeals going on, and, particularly, the possibility of appeal, if in fact it be an appeal in law, which is doubtful, by way of certiorari. What the Amendment says is that for the purpose of this new Clause, the time for bringing or seeking any leave to appeal must be two months and no longer from the date when the decision was delivered in the proceedings against which the appeal is made.
    Perhaps I can best explain it this way. At the moment, it is possible for a highway authority to exhibit a notice under Section 202 saying that the street in question is to be maintainable at the
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    public expense, and, provided there is no objection within a month of that time, then the street becomes maintainable at the public expense. But if during that time there is an objection, that is the end of the matter under the present law. What the present Clause seeks to do is to give the local authority a period of two months—
    It being Ten o'clock, the debate stood adjourned.
    Proceedings on Government Business exempted, at this day's Sitting, from the provisions of Standing Order No. I (Sittings of the House).—[Mr. Hay.]
    Question again proposed, That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the Lords Amendment.
    Mr. Hay: What the Clause seeks to do is to enable the highway authority to apply for an order overruling the objection by the frontager, and that application must be made within two months of the original one month during which the notice must have been exhibited.
    As the House knows, if the application is made by the highway authority to the local magistrates and if a decision adverse to the frontager is delivered—if, in other words, the highway authority wins—it is possible for an appeal to be made by the unsuccessful frontager. That appeal may take a number of forms. It may be a straight appeal to quarter sessions, in which case he has to bring the appeal within fourteen days. It may be by way of case stated to the High Court, in which case, again, fourteen days is the time limit fixed.
    We say that a period of two months should be the absolute maximum for any proceedings, whether appeal to quarter sessions, by way of case stated, by certiorari, or any other way. The difficulty we are up against is that there are many different periods fixed, whether for appeal from the justices to quarter sessions, from the High Court to the Court of Appeal, from the Court of Appeal to the House of Lords, and so on. Of course it has always been open for any court to give special leave to appeal, perhaps a long time after the original statutory period has expired.
    What we are seeking to do is to reach a position of some finality when it can be

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    said beyond peradventure that the highway has become maintainable at the public expense at a certain date and that no proceedings thereafter can be brought, whether by way of appeal, certiorari, or any other way, which would overturn that decision. That, as briefly as I can put it, is the explanation of this rather complicated Clause and the Amendment to it, which I regret having to bring before the House at this rather late stage. I hope that I have answered the question.
    Mr. Fletcher: By leave of the House; this is an important matter and the Minister need not apologise for having dealt with it at some length, nor for having referred to the time at which it is brought forward.
    As I understand it, under the provisions in the Clause it was proposed that:
    "Any power, however worded, to enlarge the time for appealing…shall not be exercisable for the purposes of this section."
    The Minister is now proposing something which he says is put forward in the interests of finality. Finality is all very well, but the Minister went on to say that in certain circumstances, whatever any Statute provided, the court could always enlarge the time. I am not sure that that is right. If a Statute provides that any power to enlarge the time shall not be exercisable, I doubt whether the court would have power to enlarge the time.
    It has been said over and over again in the courts recently, particularly by Lord Denning, that the power of the courts to investigate and inquire into acts of the Executive under the procedure by way of certiorari is something vital to the interests of the citizen. What I am asking the Minister to reflect upon is whether in his Amendment it is necessary to include the wards
    "including an application for certiorari".
    I should have thought that on ordinary basic principles that was desirable, and for this reason. I can understand that there is some merit in having finality of appeals in ordinary cases, but the resort by members of the public to the ancient writ of certiorari is at the moment one of the most valued residuary prerogatives open to the subject, enabling him to call in question acts of the Executive which are ultra vires. Members of the bench have said over and over again
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    that it is something which should be jealously guarded, and it is novel to me that in any legislation any attempt should be made to place any time limit on an application for a writ of certiorari, because it is inherent in such an application that an applicant will desire to show, or may desire to show, that a court has exercised, or purported to exercise, jurisdiction where no jurisdiction lies.
    As I understand it, hitherto there has been no time limit on any such application, and I am very doubtful about the wisdom of including the words
    "including an application for certiorari"
    in the Minister's Amendment. I think that a matter of considerable principle is involved, and although the hour is late and the House is not very full, I hope that in the wider interests of the administration of justice the Minister will be good enough to look at this again to see whether it is really necessary.
    Question put and negatived.
    Proposed words there inserted in the Lords Amendment.
    Mr. Hay: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords Amendment, as amended.
    Having given an explanation of what the new Clause inserted by another place does, I do not think that I need repeat myself now. Perhaps I can say to the hon. Member for Islington, East (Mr. Fletcher) that I have taken note of what he said but I doubt whether the dire consequences he fears are likely to come about.
    Question put, and agreed to [Special Entry.]

    New Clause B.—(STREET WORKS EXPENSES FOR PREMISES FLANKING OR BACKING ON THE STREET.)
    Lords Amendment: After words last inserted, insert new Clause B:
    "B. In subsection (2) of section two hundred and ten of the principal Act (which empowers the street works authority to bear the whole or a portion of the expenses of any street works which would otherwise be apportioned on or to the owner of any premises of which only the rear or a flank fronts the street) the word ' only ' shall be omitted."
    Mr. Hay: I beg to move, That this House doth agree with the Lords in the said Amendment.

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    Section 210 (2) of the Highways Act, 1959, enables a street works authority to meet the whole or part of the expense falling on the owner of premises which have only a flank or a rear frontage to the street which is being made up. The Amendment is designed to enable the street works authority to make a contribution in the comparatively rare case where, because of the direction of the street being made up, the premises have both a front and a flank facing the street.
    It would enable a contribution to be made in respect of the whole frontage, both the front and the flank. The particular case where this is likely to arise—and it is a very rare case in any event—is where a house is on a corner, and where it has therefore a front and a flank frontage on the street which is to be made up. We understand from the local authority associations that there have been some cases of hardship being imposed upon individuals as a result of the present law. It is therefore a very useful alteration to make at this stage.
    Question put and agreed to. [Special Entry.]

    SUNDAY CINEMATOGRAPH ENTERTAINMENTS
    Order made by the Secretary of State for the Home Department, extending Section 1 of the Sunday Entertainments Act, 1932, to the Urban District of Adwickle-Street, [copy laid before the House, 18th July] approved.—[Mr. Renton.]

  GREAT NORTH ROAD, GOSFORTH
  Motion made, and Question proposed, That this House do now adjourn.—[Mr. Whitelaw.]
  10.11 p.m.
  Dame Irene Ward: I asked for the Adjournment tonight to find out exactly how my hon. Friend the Parliamentary Secretary uses his responsibility to control traffic and to protect pedestrians in what is generally referred 10 as the village of Gosforth, in Northumberland, but which is not a village at all, but a very big and developing area of residential property and shops lying outside Newcastle-on-Tyne, on the Great North Road—A.1—for
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  which my hon. Friend's Ministry is responsible.
  I have been fighting a battle with my hon. Friend on behalf of the residents of Gosforth for many years, but I have made very little progress except in one direction, in respect of which I should like to congratulate him before moving on to my main objections. When I raised the question of the danger to pedestrians in Gosforth my hon. Friend met me in one small direction, at Moor Road, where the traffic coming from the South to the North used to rush down at a fairly high speed, so that residents living close to Moor Road felt in danger of their lives when they tried to get across the Great North Road.
  My hon. Friend found it convenient to erect a refuge in the centre of the road and to make some very good alterations for the access of traffic from Moor Road into the Great North Road. I thank him for that action and for the very effective way in which it was carried out. Everybody was very pleased about it. But if I had not made out my case that a problem exists with regard to traffic approaching and going through Gosforth I doubt whether my hon. Friend would have carried out those alterations.
  Since Gosforth is not in my constituency I ought to say that I live there, and have done so since I was very young—and that was a few years ago. I live very close to the Great North Road, and therefore see what happens both to the traffic and to pedestrians. As I am a very old resident of Gosforth I am in close consultation with the police, who have always been as co-operative as it is within their power to be, and I know many residents who, whenever I find myself in Gosforth, consult me about the traffic problem.
  Gosforth is a very old village, and the main Great North Road there, which is really its High Street, was never designed to carry modern traffic. I realise that it presents my hon. Friend with a very great difficulty when he tries to consider the interests both of maintaining the flow of traffic and of protecting pedestrians. But I am a motorist, a pedestrian and a magistrate.
  I have examined this problem as closely as I possibly can, and I have come to the conclusion, with very great

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  regret, that my hon. Friend is much more concerned with keeping the traffic going through Gosforth at a high speed, which it is not entitled to do, and is not paying enough attention to pedestrians. I am entitled to say—and I say it with the full co-operation of most of the residents of Gosforth—that old people go in terror of their lives and that the parents of young children are always in dread when they have to cross the High Street.
  A friend of mine, whose young daughter had been going to a school on the opposite side of the High Street to where the family live, and who is now 11 and going to a boarding school, told me that he had never allowed her to cross the North Road because he considered it to be so dangerous.
  A number of points have been raised about this. There are traffic lights at the exit from Gosforth and in the centre of Gosforth we have a controlled pedestrian crossing. There are moments when it is reasonably safe to cross the main portion of the High Street, because a policeman is on duty, and there are times when the lights control and when for a moment the roar of traffic ceases. There have been many unpleasant accidents there.
  There is no control over the pedestrian crossing which lies in what is called the prone accident area, and this is the area about which I am speaking. The access from Elmfield Road onto Gosforth High Street presents a particular problem. Parents and children are terrified about it. I have spoken about this to my friends in the police force and to the chief constable of the county, and there is no disagreement that this pedestrian crossing ought to be controlled. The police of the county tell me that they have not sufficient police to control the crossing and that there is nothing they can do about it, much as they would like to. What other alternatives can be found?
  There is a small shop on one side of the pedestrian crossing, and I have talked to the owner, who regards his shop as a sort of emergency Red Cross post. People have been taken to that shop and found to be suffering from shock and anxiety neurosis. Everyone in the village knows about the shop and the services rendered by the proprietor. But nothing
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  seems to make any impression upon my hon. Friend, who says, with truth, that the street is too narrow for the provision of a refuge and that there is nothing which can be done. My hon. Friend does not seem to be aware that traffic rushing through Gosforth village often exceeds 30 miles an hour. I have never been able to get a check on the speed because two local authorities, Gosforth and Newcastle, are involved and there never seems to be a policeman available to check the traffic.
  I have come to the conclusion that the population of Gosforth is right in thinking that Parliament in general and my hon. Friend in particular do not care whether pedestrians are run down and whether it is impossible for children to get to school with safety. People there have reached the end of their tether. I am not certain even that what is suggested by Gosforth village is a good scheme, but something must be done.
  We have asked for traffic lights to be installed at the bottom of Elmfield Road to control the traffic coming from that road on to the Great North Road. That would have some effect in controlling the pedestrian crossing and people would have an opportunity, at any rate, to get half-way across the road, even though it may be impossible to control the traffic coming in the other direction. The population of Gosforth think that the only solution. It has been resisted by my hon. Friend who has had various inquiries made and investigations carried out. He seems to think that traffic lights exist only to deal with cross sections of roads where heavy traffic is involved and he does not appear to think that we ought to use traffic lights for other purposes.
  I am not criticising his Department, but the other day I had an amusing telephone conversation. When I gave notice of the subject of this Adjournment debate the Department telephoned to ask whether there was anything to which I especially wished to draw the attention of the Minister. I could not help laughing because I have been drawing his attention to this problem for the last five years or more, and I did the same to his predecessor.
  I mentioned during the conversation that once we had a road safety week at Gosforth. Suddenly one morning when I emerged into the High Street I found

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  that there were a lot of little plaques on sticks bearing the statement that it was an accident-prone area. These plaques were there for a week. That was the only time such a thing has happened from 1950 until 1962. The charming gentleman on the telephone wanted to know whether the presence of these plaques did any good. We had twelve little plaques on twelve little sticks for one week in twelve years and no one really knew what they were for. I did not know and I had to ring up to find out what it all meant. I was told that it was part of a road safety week.
  What is the use of having road safety committees, which do a great deal of helpful work in an endeavour to deal with the terrible traffic problem, if their recommendations are ignored and all the Minister says is that nothing can be done?
  The only thing that has been suggested is that the whole centre of Gosforth should be moved. That would cost some millions of pounds and I am sure that I shall be dead before it happens. In the meantime, the old people will have passed on and the young people will be old, but that does not seem to be of any interest to my hon. Friend. Nothing else happens; nothing else can be done. The suggestion has been made that the 30 m.p.h. speed limit governing Gosforth comes from the other side of the River Tyne—-the other side of Gateshead, seven or eight miles away, with the great River Tyne between. It is said that because the 30 miles speed limit is maintained right through Newcastle and up to Gosforth the Minister is to try to negotiate with Newcastle Corporation to decontrol the road. I think that a good idea. It should have been done a long time ago. The Great North Road should have a 40 m.p.h. speed limit.
  Then it would be possible to put up a plaque notifying motorists entering Gosforth that there was a 30 m.p.h. speed limit there. If motorists on entering Gosforth cannot see that it is a busy shopping centre with hundreds of pedestrians all over the place, with schools and a growing energetic population, without the necessity for plaques to announce a 30 m.p.h. speed limit, I do not think that they should have been passed through the test. The Minister sets great store by this and it is the only thing he has been able to suggest.
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  I and many others who have regarded the problem of traffic on the Great North Road for a long time have been asking Newcastle to decontrol what is known as Cowhill, which is a great moor where there is no traffic at all, but the Minister has refused permission for that. The Minister has been discussing with Newcastle Corporation the question of de-restricting the Great North Road from 30 m.p.h. to 40 m.p.h. since 1960. The whole position is intolerable.
  I want to make another point about the At Clayton Road, which is within the County Borough of Newcastle, there is a light allowing traffic to emerge from Clayton Road to the Great North Road, but there is very little traffic at that point. I have asked my hon. Friend to do a traffic check there, but all Ministers of the Crown, when they do not want to answer questions, write letters. This Minister is very polished in the way in which he writes letters. He is one of the most polished of Ministers, but he never refers to the question.
  There are parks on both sides of that road, but not far from Clayton Road junction there are two big schools. I am sure it is important to have a light there, but the situation at the entrance to the Great North Road, where there is traffic light control, is nothing like so serious. There could be a proper refuge in the middle of the road. It is much wider and there is not nearly the amount of traffic or houses there, while on both sides of the road there are parks and no shops. The other day the Minister told me in his letter that that light had been in operation for forty years and that was that. If it has been in operation for forty years and there was not the same amount of traffic at that time, it is about time the position in Gosforth was properly dealt with.
  I shall not say anything more tonight because I want my hon. Friend to reply. I remind him that everyone in Gosforth wants to know whether the Minister is interested in the lives of pedestrians, in the lives of the young and in the lives of the old. They want to know what he is going to do to make life a little happier and more certain for those who live in the village of Gosforth.
  10.30 p.m.
  Mr. John McKay: The hon. Member for Tynemouth (Dame Irene Ward) has spoken at such length that she has left little opportunity for either the hon. Member who represents Gosforth—who also represents Wallsend—or the Parliamentary Secretary to say much in this debate. It would seem that she would like to control the Gosforth Council, and would also like to tell the council and the Minister just what they should do, and where they have gone wrong in doing what has been done.
  Gosforth is on the Great North Road, there is a great amount of traffic, and the shopping centre there has the same problem as that which faces the shopping centre at Wallsend. In both places the traffic has greatly increased and the danger has increased proportionately, but the hon. Lady should remember that such problems take a good deal of time to solve satisfactorily.
  There is no doubt that the Gosforth Council has been watching the traffic difficulties throughout and, together with the Northumberland County Council, which also has its responsibilities in Gosforth, it has done a good job. On one occasion there was a long article in the Newcastle Evening Chronicle about what was described as one of the death traps in Gosforth. We tried to get the situation remedied. At the point in question, five roads converge and the county council pointed out the difficulty of putting up traffic lights. Nevertheless, once the matter had been put to the county council, traffic lights were put there.
  A number of other things have been done in Gosforth. I interviewed transport officials on the whole question of regulating the traffic from Newcastle into Gosforth and asked them to get the speed of vehicles entering the town reduced. Shortly after that interview, notices were put up but, according to the newspaper article, the only person dealing with the matter seemed to be the hon. Member for Tynemouth and not the council or the county council.
  Gosforth is certainly one of the bad traffic spots in Northumberland, but there is no doubt that as soon as the Ministry permits, the council will do all it can as quickly as possible. A plan was formulated to deal with the traffic problem, but even that did not suit the hon. Lady.
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  Nevertheless, the whole matter is being considered, and all we ask is that the Minister will make a big effort to get the whole thing cleared up. To my mind the whole thing will be cleared up only when the county council and Gosforth and the Minister of Transport have put their minds to the plan, and resolved it shall be carried out as quickly as possible. I hope they do.
  10.35 p.m.
  The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport (Mr. John Hay): I am sorry that time is now very short and I cannot, as I would have wished to have done, explain in some detail what we see the problems of Gosforth traffic to be and the things we have in mind to do.
  I can briefly say this. It is quite incorrect to imply, as my hon. Friend the Member for Tynemouth (Dame Irene Ward) did, that my right hon. Friend the Minister of Transport and my Department have no particular interest in the safety of pedestrians in this place. That is quite inaccurate. We always have to fight in places like Gosforth a constant battle between the needs of through traffic, which are considerable—this is a main traffic artery we are talking about, the Great North Road, the A.1—and the needs of pedestrians and the people who live there and want to cross the road to get to shops and their businesses and so on. Our object is to try somehow to balance these two conflicting claims.
  To put the matter in some perspective I must point out that over this stretch of just under one mile we have a 40 ft. carriageway; we have unilateral waiting—the prohibition of waiting on one side of the road—and two sets of traffic light signals and three sets of pedestrian crossings. The conditions are not unique because there are many other places up and down the country that are very similar. If I may say so, there is nothing special about Gosforth which makes is so very different, either in its accident record, which is by no means bad—I have the figures here and should have liked to have had time to quote them—or in the problem itself.
  As for the speed, this being a main road it is natural for traffic to wish to push along as quickly as it can, and the trouble with the north-bound traffic, as

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  my hon. Friend said, is that it crosses the Newcastle Town Moor which is an open space with virtually no buildings and there is a natural temptation on motorists to speed up. What we are trying to do now is to persuade Newcastle City Council to put a 40 mile an hour speed limit on this stretch of the Town Moor, which at the moment is subject to a 30 mile an hour limit. That will have two effects. It will be a much more realistic speed limit, and secondly, it will enable us to put a 30 mile an hour sign at the entrance to Gosforth. We have twice pressed this on the council and it has on two occasions deferred a decision. Its next meeting is on 17th August, and I hone this continued delay will not go on. If it does, I think that my right hon. Friend will have to consider what other action to take.
  As to the traffic lights at Elmfield Road, we never like putting traffic lights on a main traffic route because they are very often more dangerous than safe. There are already traffic lights at the Blue House junction and the Salters Road junction to the north. These break up the flow of traffic and provide opportunities for pedestrians to cross. I think the trouble is really that a lot of traffic coming in from the west by-passes the Salters Road signals by coming down Elmfield Road.
  I can tell my hon. Friend briefly what we are willing to do. As an experiment
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  for a trial period we are going to put some temporary central refuges in the High Street at the mouth of the Elmfield Road junction. We shall monitor the experiment to see to what extent it causes difficulties. This is a 40 feet carriageway and normally we do not put pedestrian refuges where the road is only 40 feet wide.
  The second thing we propose to do is to put a central refuge in the mouth of Elmfield Road itself, which will enable pedestrians to cross the road and make for orderly vehicle movement. Thirdly, there is a pedestrian crossing just north of Elmfield Road and we propose to move it further south to a position closer to Elmfield Road, to the point where the northernmost of the two temporary refuges to which I have just referred will be placed. We will try that.
  I ask my hon. Friend to accept that this is an earnest of our wish to try to help in these cases, if we can; but we cannot turn some of our main roads into paradises for pedestrians without causing great difficulty, and even danger, to the through traffic which must use them.
  The Question having been proposed after Ten o'clock and the debate having continued for half an hour, Mr. SPEAKER adjourned the House without Question put, pursuant to the Standing Order.
  Adjourned at nineteen minutes to Eleven o'clock.