Commons Sitting of 18 February 1946

Preamble
The House met at a Quarter past Two o'Clock
PRAYERS
[Mr. SPEAKER in the Chair]
ORAL ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
  ROADS

    Empty Mileage
    Lieutenant William Shepherdasked the Minister of War Transport whether there has been any reduction in the empty running time of road transport vehicles operating under his control, since the figures last stated.
    The Minister of War Transport (Mr. Barnes): Sample analyses show that between June, 1944, and July, 1945, in spite of wide fluctuations in traffic, the average empty mileage figure had remained at approximately its previous level, and such later information as is available does not indicate that there has been any material change.
    Lieutenant Shepherd: Is the Minister aware that this means that, owing to this control, one in five of our transport vehicles is being wasted, and will he take steps to bring this control to an end at once?
    Mr. Barnes: I am aware that in all road transport undertakings there is a certain wastage. The wastage now is less than it used to be.

    Level Crossing, Acton
    Mr. Sparksasked the Minister of War Transport if he is aware of the detention for long periods of road traffic and the congestion arising at the level crossing in Church field Road, near the Acton Central L.M.S. railway station, and, to avoid this delay, the tendency of traffic
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    to take to the main Uxbridge road; and will he take steps to provide a sunken road beneath the level crossing to facilitate the passage of road traffic.
    Mr. Barnes: This level crossing is on an unclassified road and the traffic using it is local in character. I am informed that congestion is rare. It is estimated that to give effect to my hon. Friend's proposal would cost in the neighbourhood of£200,000. In present circumstances, I do not consider that this expenditure would be justified.

    Accident (Western Avenue)
    Mr. Sparks: asked the Minister of War Transport if he will hold an inquiry under Section 23 of the Road Traffic Act, 1930, into the fatal accident in Western Avenue on Friday, 1st February.
    The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of War Transport (Mr. G. Strauss): No, Sir. The reports on the accident do not show that any useful purpose would be served by an inquiry under Section 23 of the Road Traffic Act. 1930.
    Mr. Sparks: Is my hon. Friend aware of the very high rate of accidents on this section of Western Avenue, and will he keep the matter in mind with a view to seeing if it is possible at any future date to impose a speed restriction?
    Mr. Strauss: Yes, Sir. I am aware of the large number of accidents on this bit of road, but so far as one can tell they are not due to excessive speed. There are other steps we hope to take in the not too distant future which, we trust, will diminish the number of accidents

    Salen-Kilchoan Road, North Argyll
    Major McCallum,asked the Minister of War Transport if he is aware that the inhabitants of the Ardnamurchan peninsula in North Argyll are dissatisfied with the condition of the main traffic artery of the peninsula, the Salen-Kilchoan Road; and will he give instructions to his Department to bring this road within the scope of the Crofter County Road Scheme for reconstruction where necessary and overall maintenance.
    Mr. Barnes: I regret that I cannot see my way to widen the scope of the Crofter Counties Scheme to include this Class II

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    road. The hon. and gallant Member will no doubt bear in mind that, as I indicated in my statement on 28th January last, the rate of grant from the Road Fund to approved expenditure on the maintenance and improvement of Class II roads will be increased from 50 per cent. to 60 per cent. from the beginning of the next financial year.
    Major McCallum: Should the local authority apply to the right hon. Gentleman's Department for the increased grant to help them to maintain this road?
    Mr Barnes: They will get this grant automatically. The notification has been forwarded to them, and they can now proceed.

    Hauliers
    Colonel Wiggasked the Minister of War Transport (1) if he will give an assurance that operators will have the option of transferring the whole of their business at a fair rate of valuation in any nationalisation proposals, as some concern is felt among A and B Defence Permit holders regarding the future of small road-haulage businesses owing to their fear that operators would still be allowed to operate privately on a restricted mileage radius;
    (2) can any indication be given to holders of C Defence Permits of the extent of future restrictions in the use of commercial vehicles operating in connection with their business.
    Mr. Barnes: I cannot at present go further than the Lord President's recent statement, or anticipate at this stage the legislative proposals which will in due course be laid before the House.
    Colonel Wigg: Is my right hon. Friend aware that his refusal to give information particularly with regard to Class B holders, is causing a great deal of dismay and is holding up a great deal of useful development?
    Mr. Barnes: I do not consider it is anything of the kind. I think that most people understand the position, and it would only add to any difficulty my hon. and gallant Friend anticipates by beginning to deal with this problem piecemeal.

    Street Lighting, Westminster
    Mr. Keelingasked the Minister of War Transport whether he has now com-
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    municated with the Westminster City Council, as promised, about the lighting of the lamps near the Palace of Westminster; and with what result.
    Mr. Barnes: Yes, Sir. And I am now considering the information which the Westminster City Council have submitted to me.
    Mr. Keeling: Is the Minister aware that some of the lamp lighters, after turning out the lamps, have performed the useful service of delivering, in time for breakfast, Votes and Order Papers to hon. Members who live in Westminster?

  RAILWAYS

    Train Staffs (Reliefs)
    Mr. McAdamasked the Minister of War Transport the number of hours each of the 195 drivers, 276 firemen and 576 guards were on duty at the time they left trains on running lines during the past 12 months.
    Mr. BarnesThe extraction of the details sought would involve a great expenditure of time and labour; but the railway companies are considering what information it would be practical to give.
    Lieutenant W. Shepherd: Can the Minister inquire whether these men who deserted from their posts belonged to the younger element of the railway men or the older?
    Mr. Speaker: That does not arise out of the Question, which only asked for the number of hours.

    Leave Parties (Hull)
    Mr. Toucheasked the Minster of War Transport what steps he is taking to improve the unsatisfactory travel arrangements for leave parties on the CuxhavenHull route, in consequence of which, soldiers travelling to London often have to wait about six hours at Hull, and only arrive in London in the early hours of the morning, when it is too late to find accommodation and too early to continue their journey beyond London.
    The Financial Secretary to the War Office (Mr. Bellenger): I have been asked to reply. Ships arriving at Hull are dependent upon the state of the tide to enable them to dock. It therefore happens, on occasions, that leave parties for

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    London cannot arrive in London until after midnight. There is no delay in disembarkation or despatch. In the event of the London train arriving late, accommodation is provided in London for any man who is unable to proceed on his journey. Work is in progress and should be completed very shortly which will, it is hoped, make it possible to arrange a service which will be practically tide- free. The timing of the special train to London will then be such that, accidents barred, it will arrive not later than 4 p.m.

  SHIPPING

    Colonsay Island (Steamer Services)
    Major McCallumasked the Minister of War Transport if he will now consider arranging for the mail boat "Lochiel" to call at the Island of Colonsay three times per week on those days on which the mail boat makes Port Askaig its terminal port on the Island of Islay.
    Mr. Barnes: This proposal has been fully examined on past occasions. There are no new circumstances today which would justify altering the conclusion that on safety and other grounds an extension of the itinerary of the "Lochiel" to include calls at Colonsay should not be undertaken.
    Major McCallum: Is the Minister aware that on the previous occasion on which this question was discussed one of the reasons put forward for not complying with it was war conditions—-the blackout of the lights on buoys, etc.? That has now been removed and the skipper of the particular boat in question says that, for at any rate eight months of the year, he is prepared to call at this island, and, therefore, would the Minister consider arranging for that to be done?
    Mr. Barnes: If the hon. and gallant Gentleman will take the trouble to put a considered case before me, I will certainly look into the matter.
    Major McCallumasked the Minister of War Transport if he is aware of the dissatisfaction felt by the inhabitants of the Island of Colonsay with the steamer service at present connecting that island with the mainland; and, now that the war emergency is over, will he go into
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    this question with a view to providing these islanders with a steamer service more in keeping with modern conditions.
    Mr. Barnes: I am aware of the desire of the inhabitants of Colonsay for an improved steamer service and I am doing all I can, in consultation with the shipping Company, to restore the pre-war service at an early date. The "Hebrides," which was withdrawn from the service, has now been returned to the Company for her normal employment. This vessel and the "Dunara Castle" require urgent overhaul. While these overhauls are being effected, another cargo vessel has been allocated to the Colonsay service.
    Major McCallum: Is the Minister aware that the steamer services to this island and to all the other Hebridean islands are far worse than they were in 1914? Would he reconsider going further into the question of these steamer services?
    Mr. Barnes: I am not aware of what the position was in 1914. Did the hon. and gallant Member mean before 1914, or during the 1914– 18 war?
    Major McCallum: Before the 1914–18 war.
    Sir Ronald Ross: Is the Minister aware that all these steamer services from Scotland going to Derry are either worse than then, or, in the case of the Glasgow—Derry service, non-existent?

  TRANSPORT (FREIGHT CHARGES)
  Colonel Thornton-Kemsleyasked the Minister of War Transport if he has completed his examination of the principles on which transport charges should be based; and if he is prepared to adopt the principle of equalised rates of freight charges as a means of encouraging the economic rehabilitation of the country-side and the redistribution of industry.
  Mr. Barnes: It must not be assumed that the principle which the hon. and gallant Member recommends would have all the beneficial consequences he suggests and, in any event, a fundamental alteration of the freight charges structure could only be effected after the reorganisation of transport which the Government intend to propose.
  Colonel Thornton-Kemsley: Is the Minister aware that the Lord President of the Council informed me, in answer to a question on 1oth October last, that the right hon. Gentleman was examining this proposal? Will he endeavour to make an announcement in advance of the Government's nationalisation legislation?
  Mr. Barnes: I am certainly examining this proposal and many others, but I do not intend to anticipate my legislative proposals.

  MINISTRY OF SUPPLY

    Staff
    Colonel Errollasked the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production what was the total number of civil servants of all grades employed in his Department on 1st January, 1946; and the total number employed in connection with the Government's housing components programme.
    The Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production (Mr. John Wilmot): The number of non-industrial civil servants of all grades employed in my Department on 1st January, 1946, was 59,933. The number employed directly on the Government's housing components programme was 231. In addition, this work affects a considerable number of staff who provide common services, such as finance, progressing and transport.
    Colonel Erroll: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that as long ago as last August he promised an urgent review of staffing requirements, and that since that date there has been practically no reduction in the number of staff in his almost entirely redundant Ministry?
    Mr. Wilmot: On the contrary there has been a considerable reduction of staff in Ministries which are not quite redundant.
    Colonel Errollasked the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production the numbers of Army and R.A.F. officers, respectively, filling technical appointments on the establishment of his Department, at the latest convenient date; and the number of these officers holding technical qualifications up to the standard of a university honours degree or its Service equivalent.
    Mr. Wilmot: On 1st January, 1946, 753 and 395 respectively. Of these,
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    Army officers held technical qualifications up to the standard of a university honours degree or its Service equivalent and.69 R.A.F. officers held university honours degrees.
    Colonel Erroll: Will the right hon. Gentleman undertake to publish such figures separately in future when giving statistics of staff employed by his Ministry?
    Mr. Wilmot: I do not think that would be very desirable.

    Electric Fires (Porcelain Bases)
    Major Legge-Bourkeasked the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production why it has not been possible to supply the porcelain bases required for the repair of large numbers of electric fires wanted for use during this winter.
    Mr. Wilmot: There is a general shortage of ceramics, including the porcelain bases for electric fires. We are doing our best to get skilled labour into this industry, which will now concentrate on producing those goods most urgently needed for the housing programme. Steps are also being taken to supplement the efforts of the industry by undertaking production in one of the Royal Ordnance factories.

    Surplus Clocks and Watches (Disposal)
    Mr. Gammansasked the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production why his Department has intimated its intention, without prior consultation with the horological trade, to dispose of surplus horological goods by tender, in direct con- travention of the policy previously agreed upon by the Board of Trade with representatives of the horological trade; and is he aware of the dislocation to normal trade channels and the exclusion of a large section of those engaged in the trade that this policy will entail.
    Mr. Wilmot: I am mainly interested that Government surplus clocks and watches should get into the hands of the public as quickly as possible, as I know that there is a serious shortage. I have, therefore, decided to invite tenders but it will be open to all traders who sold such goods before the war to submit offers.

    Motor Industry (National Advisory Council)
    Mr. Edelmanasked the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production what he has done to see that the policy of the motor industry is in accordance with that of the Government.
    Mr. Wilmot: During the war, close working contacts were established between the Ministries of Supply and of Aircraft Production and the motor industry on all matters affecting production. It has been my desire that these contacts should be maintained and strengthened for peace-time purposes and especially during the difficult period of transition.. With this object in view I am now setting up a National Advisory Council for the Motor Manufacturing Industry which will provide a means of regular consultation between the Government and the motor manufacturers on such matters as the location of industry, exports, imports, research, design and technical development, production methods and the general progress of the industry. The new Council will consist of an official chairman, representatives of the various groups of manufacturers and of the Government Departments mainly concerned in the British motor industry and independent members whom I shall nominate, including two who will be representative of labour. The names of the members will be announced as soon as possible.
    Mr. Edelman: Is my right hon. Friend aware that his proposals will be warmly welcomed by all who work in the motor industry?
    Colonel Erroll: Does this announcement mean that the President of the Board of Trade will no longer interfere in the motor industry?
    Mr. Wilmot: The motor industry, as part of the engineering industry, is the responsibility of the Ministry of Supply.

  AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION

    Shetland Flying Boats
    Wing-Commander Geoffrey Cooperasked the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production what was the state of progress towards completion of the Short Shetland flying boat at the time of the explosion; what was its average cruising
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    speed and maximum range with full fuel load; and how many are there under construction.
    Mr. Wilmot: The Shetland flying boat had been completed as a military aircraft, and at the time of its loss was undergoing official trials; these were well advanced and the aircraft was due shortly to return to the makers for conversion for civil use. Its average cruising speed was about 175 miles per hour and its maximum range, with a full fuel load, was about 4,000 miles. One other prototype is under construction.
    Wing-Commander Cooper: In view of the figures given by my right hon. Friend indicating the suitability of this particular design for use on the Atlantic run and also for the Empire routes, and in view of the tremendous expense involved in developing this design, is it intended to put this aircraft into production for use on civil air lines?
    Mr. Wilmot: The matter is under consideration by the Minister of Civil Aviation.

    Tudor I Aircraft
    Mr. Willisasked the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production the anticipated numbers and dates of delivery of Tudor I aircraft during 1946..
    Mr. Wilmot: It is expected that, 20 Tudor I aircraft will be delivered during 1946 and that, assuming no serious technical difficulties are experienced, two of these will be delivered in the first quarter of the year, six in the second quarter, ten in the third and two in the fourth.

    United States Aero Engines
    Air-Commodore Harveyasked the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production the quantity and type of aero engines which have been ordered from the U.S.A. for use in civil aircraft in this country.
    Mr. Wilmot: One hundred and fifty Continental type engines have been ordered from the U.S.A for fitting in a light civil aircraft, at least 90 per cent. of the output of which will be exported.
    Air-Commodore Harvey: Will the Minister consider using British engines for these aircraft? We are leading the world in this type of engine and it should not be necessary to import engines from America, even for export.
    Mr. Wilmot: Yes, Sir. There was not one available of the right type at the moment, and it was thought better to import the engines rather than lose the export order.

    Air Display (Radlett)
    Flight-Lieutenant Beswickasked the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production if he will give the nature of the air display given at Radiett aerodrome on 10th February; and whether the purpose of the display was achieved.
    Mr. Wilmot: The display was given in order to show the main types of British civil and military aircraft to the delegates to U.N.O. and the opportunity was taken of inviting to it representative aircraft users. I was present at the display. Everybody said it was a great success, and I would like to thank all who helped to make it so.
    Flight-Lieutenant Beswick: Is my right hon. Friend aware that this opportunity to display British civil production was particularly appreciated after the recent rebuff that the industry has received from British civil operators?
    Mr. Wilmot: Thank you very much.

  TRADE AND COMMERCE

    Towels
    Lieutenant W. Shepherdasked the President of the Board of Trade the number, or estimated number, of towels held in stock by retailers and wholesalers on 1st January, 1946.
    The President of the Board of Trade (Sir Stafford Cripps): It is impossible to do more than give a very rough estimate, but, on the information available to me, the number of towels held in stock by retailers and wholesalers was probably about eight million.
    Lieutenant Shepherd: In view of the enormous number of towels held in stock, is it possible to reduce the coupon value on this particular item?
    Sir S. Cripps: It is not a great number, considering the amounts which are purchased monthly. It is only just about sufficient to maintain the supply.

    Industrial Enterprises, Greater London
    30. Mr. Sparksasked the President of the Board of Trade the policy of his Department in relation to re-development and extension of industrial enterprises in over-industrialised areas in the Greater London region where industrial decentralisation is recommended in the Greater London Plan now under consideration by the local authorities within the region.
    Sir S. Cripps: My right hon. Friend the Minister of Town and Country Planning has set a Committee to consider the recommendations of the Greater London Plan and the ways in which they might be implemented, particularly in the way of reducing industrialisation in congested areas. My Department will be kept in very close touch with the work of this Committee.
    Mr. Sparks: Pending the introduction of the recommendations of the Greater London Plan cannot 'my right hon. and learned Friend take some steps to prevent further intensification of industry in areas where there already exists a very serious housing problem?
    Sir S. Cripps: That is already done under the allocation of industry plan.
    Mr. Gallacher: Will the Minister remember that there is an under industrialised area, namely, Scotland?

    Exports (Shipping Facilities).
    Major Sir Basil Neven-Spenceasked the President of the Board of Trade the value of British goods which have been awaiting shipping facilities for export for two or more months.
    Sir S. Cripps: I am not aware of any case of goods which have been waiting for shipment for two months. Although there was delay in shipments of export cargo due to the dock strike, I understand that the shipping facilities for such cargo are now abreast of the demand.
    Sir Waldron Smithers: Is the right hon. and learned Gentleman aware that there is a large amount of woollen textiles awaiting export in Yorkshire, particularly in the Bradford district?
    Sir S. Cripps: No, I am not aware that they are waiting any undue length of time.

    British Institute of Management
    Wing-Commander Geoffrey Cooperasked the President of the Board of Trade what was the date of the first meeting of the Committee appointed by him to investigate the formation of the British Institute of Administration; and what is the date that he expects to receive their final recommendations.
    Sir S. Cripps: The Committee, which I appointed to make proposals for the formation of a British Institute of Management, held its first meeting on 19th November, 1945. Its report should be ready in the course of next month.

    East Shropshire (Development)
    Mr. Ivor Owen Thomasasked the President of the Board of Trade what consideration has been given to the representations of local authorities in the Wrekin division for a survey of the industrial area of East Shropshire with a view to further industrial development in that area, having regard to its resources and previous industrial importance, its present population and large element of skilled labour available, and the need for avoiding the recurrence of slump and unemployment which affected the district in the inter-war years; and what action has been taken arising out of such representations.
    Sir S. Cripps: I am sending my hon. Friend a copy of the reply sent to the representations of local authorities in the East Shropshire area. The surveys of industrial areas which my Department is conducting will be extended as soon as possible to include East Shropshire. At present, work is being concentrated on those areas where there is the greatest danger of unemployment.

    Industrial Clothing Coupons
    Mr. Arthur Lewisasked the President of the Board of Trade if he will consider reducing the minimum number of working hours from 22 to 20 per week for the purposes of obtaining industrial supplementary clothing coupons, so as to permit part-time women workers on afternoon shifts to qualify for these coupons.
    Sir S. Cripps: The present arrangements cover part-time workers engaged
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    in occupations which qualify for supplements if they work a minimum of 22 hours. Experience has shown that this minimum covers the great majority of cases of special need, but I am ready to consider any adjustments which may be proposed through the Trades Union Congress or the British Employers' Confederation who advise me in these matters.

    Children's Coats
    Mr. Arthur Lewisasked the President of the Board of Trade if he is aware of the present unsatisfactory position of the clothes rationing scheme, where 22-inch coats have a coupon value of seven, whereas for the next size of 24-inch 12 coupons have to be surrendered; and whether he will take steps to obviate this present position by introducing a more graduated scale of coupon values for children's coats.
    Sir S. Cripps: I am aware of the present position. The existing arrangement by groups is on the whole the fairest practical scheme.
    Mr. Lewis: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that, under the present system, a mother has to give up the same number of coupons to clothe a child of five years as for a girl of 16 or 18, and does he think that is fair or equitable?
    Sir S. Cripps: I certainly think it is the fairest scheme that can be worked out.
    Mr. Lewis: Can the right hon. Gentleman investigate the matter again with a view to setting up some graduated scale from the age of five to eighteen?
    Sir S. Cripps: That matter has been very carefully investigated, and it would lead to worse anomalies than at present.

    Utility Corsets
    Dr. Stephen Taylorasked the President of the Board of Trade how far he anticipates that he will be able to increase the range of fittings of utility corsets in the near future.
    Sir S. Cripps: There are no restrictions on the range of fittings in which utility corsets can be made. I should, however, be glad to look into any particular difficulty which my hon. Friend may have in mind.

    Sheets (Priority Dockets)
    Mr. Jannerasked the President of the Board of Trade whether he will now grant priority dockets for the purchase of sheets to those people who have taken evacuees into their homes for a considerable period during the war.
    Sir S. Cripps: No, Sir. While supplies are so short, I regret that I cannot see my way to extend the issue of priority dockets as my hon. Friend suggests.
    Mr. Janner: Will the right hon. Gentleman not reconsider his decision, in view of the very grave and serious injury caused to these people by the use of their sheets?
    Sir S. Cripps: There are very many people urgently in need of sheets, and it is not possible, until supplies are greater, to extend the priority dockets.

    Officials (Entry on Premises)
    Mr. Toucheasked the President of the Board of Trade whether his attention has been called to the observation of Mr. Justice Charles, in the case of Rex v. Gurba Singh at the Lincolnshire Assizes, regarding the powers conferred on assistant accountants of his department to enter premises and caution individuals; and whether he will take steps to stop this practice.
    Sir S. Cripps: The answer to the first part of the Question is "Yes, Sir" and to the second part "No, Sir."
    The power to enter premises is essential to secure compliance with Orders made by the Board relating to essential supplies and a caution is administered in the interests of the person interviewed when an investigating officer is satisfied that an offence has been committed. Officers of the Board holding the rank of Assistant Accountant are responsible and proper persons to undertake investigations.
    Mr. Butcher: Can the right hon. Gentleman say how many officers of this Department have these powers?
    Sir S. Cripps: That is another question.

    Newsprint
    Lieut.-Coknel Sir Thomas Mooreasked the President of the Board of Trade whether, in view of the fact that news-
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    paper proprietors are unable to find work for their former employees on release from the Forces owing to the shortage of newsprint, he will reconsider the decision of the Government to postpone the release of additional supplies.
    Sir S. Cripps: I regret that I can add nothing to the answer given by my right hon. Friend the Prime Minister to the hon. and gallant Member for Ayr Burghs (Sir T. Moore), on 24th January.
    Sir T. Moore: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that the public cannot find any reason or understand that somewhat sinister reluctance of the Government to issue more newsprint to newspapers, and are they really afraid of more criticism if they do?
    Sir S. Cripps: No. We have no dollars to spare.
    Mr. Michael Foot: Could the right hon. Gentleman say precisely to what extent there would have to be a cut in British food rations in order to meet the request of British newspaper proprietors?
    Sir S. Cripps: Whatever was done to obtain dollars for newsprint would have to be taken off food.
    Mr. Garry Allighan: Is the President of the Board of Trade aware that the newspapers have to absorb over 7,000 employees from the Forces, and that this cannot possibly be done on a four-page newspaper?
    Sir S. Cripps: I think we were made aware of all these representations, which were put forward by those responsible for the newspapers.
    Mr. Keelingasked the President of the Board of Trade whether he is aware that at the time of the Coal Nationalisation Bill Second Reading Debate three London penny morning newspapers devoted less than 6 per cent. of their reports to speeches opposing the Bill; and whether he will make a special additional allowance of paper for the reporting of Debates on future nationalisation Bills, to enable both sides of the case to be presented.
    Sir S. Cripps: While I share the hon. Member's desire for full reports in the daily Press of the proceedings in this House, I regret that it is not at present possible, on currency and supply grounds,

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    to provide the paper for increasing the size of newspapers. As stated by my right hon. Friend the Prime Minister, in reply to the hon. and gallant Member for Ayr Burghs (Sir T. Moore) on 24th January, the position will be reviewed as soon as conditions permit.
    Mr. Keeling: Is the President of the Board of Trade aware that the papers in question, which gave such inadequate reports of the Debate, are the only three London morning newspapers which support the Government, and could he not do something about that?.
    Sir S. Cripps: I am afraid I cannot persuade other papers to support the Government.
    Mr. Skeffington-Lodge: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that, owing to the complete and utter bankruptcy of the case put by the Conservative Party, it is just as well, for their sakes, that there was not a fuller report?

    Paint
    Major Legge-Bourkeasked the President of the Board of Trade how many Departments besides his own are concerned with the supply and sale of paint.
    Sir S. Cripps: Departmental responsibility in this matter rests with the Raw Materials Department which has now been transferred from the Ministry of Supply to the Board of Trade. Other Departments are, of course, concerned insofar as they represent the interests of paint-using industries. For example, the Ministry of Works present to the Raw Materials Department estimates of the paint requirements of the building programme, and are responsible for the distribution of paint for building purposes.
    Major Legge-Bourke: Will the right hon. Gentleman say why it is that, in cases of Government and export orders, linseed oil is allowed up to 100 per cent. of the requirements, whereas, with any other order, the supply is based on a quota worked out on prewar requirements?
    Sir S. Cripps: Allocation is made of linseed oil in accordance with the importance of the object for which the paint is required.

    Utility Dresses (Prosecution)
    Mr. Sidney Shephardasked the President of the Board of Trade what further action he proposes to take in the case of Messrs. Blackman and Conrad, who were prosecuted by his Department on a charge of having made an illegal profit by exceeding their permitted selling price for utility dresses, but who were found not guilty and discharged?
    Sir S. Cripps: In view of the fact that these persons were acquitted, I do not propose to take any further action.
    Mr. Shephard: Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that the Order on which this prosecution was based is most difficult to comply with owing to unforeseen circumstances arising, and will he have a look at the Order with a view to amending it?
    Sir S. Cripps: I will have a look at it.

    Babies' Clothing Coupons
    Lady Noel-Buxtonasked the President of the Board of Trade whether he will consider increasing the number of clothing coupons allotted in respect of first babies.
    Sir S. cripps: No, Sir. I regret that I cannot at present increase the special allowance of coupons granted to expectant mothers.

    Elastic
    Mr. Asterley Jonesasked the President of the Board of Trade whether he is aware that supplies of elastic in Hitchin, Letchworth and elsewhere are scarce and of poor quality; that elastic is being sold elsewhere than in shops at considerably above the controlled price; and what steps he is taking to ensure that adequate sup- plies of good quality are made available through the normal channels at controlled prices.
    Sir S. Cripps: I know that the restrictions on the quantity of elastic which the war caused have given rise to many difficulties and abuses; but I am glad to say that 100 per cent. natural rubber has been released for elastic as from 1st January last, and that the allocation of elastic to the retail trade will be increased by 25 per cent. next month.
    Mr. Asterley Jones: Can the right hon. Gentleman say how soon this will come into effect so far as supplies are concerned?
    Sir S. Cripps: Supplies will be increased by 25 per cent. next month.
    Mr. Walkden: Does that mean that 25 or 50 per cent. less will go to some of these people who, undoubtedly, are not shopkeepers at all? Cannot this matter be handled more efficiently?
    Sir S. Cripps: It is extremely difficult.
    Dr. Stephen Taylor: Will this new elastic hold things up better than the old?

    Rubber Hot Water Bottles
    Dr. Stephen Taylorasked the President of the Board of Trade if he is aware that retail chemists in the London area are still demanding medical certificates before supplying rubber hot water bottles; and whether he will take steps to bring to their notice that they no longer have any authority to do so and thus avoid waste of time by both the public and the doctors.
    Sir S. Cripps: The answer to the first part of the Question is "Yes, Sir." Retailers have no authority to demand medical certificates before supplying hot water bottles. But if a rubber hot water bottle is, in the opinion of the patient's doctor, necessary for the purposes of treatment, it is desirable that a medical certificate should be given some priority. Certificates should be issued only on that ground.

    Norway
    Sir William Darlingasked the President of the Board of Trade if he is aware that permission to negotiate an order for£250,000 pounds sterling in Norway has been refused by his Department, because£25,000 worth of Norwegian-produced goods form the basis for the bargain; and whether this is the considered policy of his Department.
    Sir S. Cripps: I am aware that certain proposals for a possible export to Norway in return for an undertaking to import from Norway were made to my Department. The applicant has not yet furnished certain information for which he was asked, but, in general, I am not prepared to allow the import of goods which are unnecessary in order to secure export trade.

    Requisitioned Brickworks (Nottingham)
    Mr. S. Shephardasked the President of the Board of Trade if he is aware
    780
    that the brickyard and kilns of the Nottingham Patent Brick Company at Nottingham are still occupied by the military authorities as a storage depot; and what steps is he taking to derequisition these premises so that the owners can resume their prewar production of 250,000 bricks per week.
    Sir S. Cripps: The brickyard and kilns of the Nottingham Patent Brick Company at Nottingham have been occupied by the Royal Air Force for storage purposes. The stores have now been removed and the owners are free to enter into possession of the premises at any time.

    Timber
    Mr. Edelmanasked the President of the Board of Trade, what steps he is taking under the new decontrol scheme for the timber trade to ensure that stocks imported by the National Softwood Corporation shall be stored near the areas where timber is most required for building purposes and not merely held at the ports.
    Sir S. Cripps: Apart from a small reserve retained by the Company, the timber will be distributed among merchants through the country according to consumption requirements.

    Glass Containers (Export)
    Flying-Officer Bowdenasked the President of the Board of Trade, if he is aware that firms manufacturing polishing preparations for the export market are handicapped through the shortage of glass containers; and if he will instruct the glass manufacturers to give priority to firms who require containers for export trade.
    Sir S. Cripps: I would refer my hon. Friend to the reply given to the hon. Member for Cheltenham (Mr. Lipson), on 28th January, in which I explained that it is administratively impracticable to have a priority scheme for glass containers applicable to individual export orders.

    Footwear (Pairage Quota)
    Mr. Attewellasked the President of the Board of Trade if he will increase the present quota pairage of footwear to those firms reaching the permitted pairage, but capable of increasing production by the present labour force, and so enable such operatives to work at full output rate.
    Sir S. Cripps: I know of no manufacturer who is in a position to produce more footwear than he is permitted to do by the Footwear Control, but if my hon. Friend will give me details of any particular case he has in mind, I will look into it immediately.

    Worked Italian Marble (Imports)
    Mr. T. J. Brooksasked the President of the Board of Trade if he is aware of the complaint of the Morley and district quarry owners, that the Government are about to allow the admittance of Italian marble into this country in the form of worked memorials; and if he will reconsider this matter which will cause unfair competition and possibly unemployment and short time for our men in the quarry industry.
    Sir S. Cripps: I am not aware of the complaint to which my hon. Friend refers. The importation of worked memorials is not, in fact, permitted. Licences to import from Italy a small quantity of rough-sawn marble are, however, being issued, but I understand that there are no grounds for the fears indicated in the Question.

    Flying Boat Factory, Lake Windermere
    Mr. Keelingasked the President of the Board of Trade if he is aware that negotiations are taking place for converting the flying boat factory on Lake Windermere into a factory for prefabricating houses; and whether he intends to honour the promise which was given by the Ministry of Aircraft Production to the Council for the Preservation of Rural England and recorded by the Select Committee on National Expenditure, that the factory would be demolished after the war.
    Sir S. Cripps: Proposals to use this factory for the housing programme are at present under consideration, but no such re-allocation will be made without prior consultation with the Council for the Preservation of Rural England.
    Mr. Keeling: Will the President of the Board of Trade give an undertaking that this promise will not be broken unless the Council release the Government from it
    Sir S. Cripps: I will give an undertaking that nothing will be done without consultation.

    Clothes Rationing (Coupon Issues)
    Mr. John Lewisasked the President of the Board of Trade whether he has any further statement to make on clothes rationing.
    Sir John Mellorasked the President of the Board of Trade whether he will make the next issue of children's clothing coupons valid during April, so that purchases can be made before the summer school term begins.
    Sir S. Cripps: Yes, Sir. As my hon. Friend the Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade stated recently, I cannot shorten the period which the present issue of coupons is intended to cover and these coupons must last until the end of April. The next issue of clothing coupons will be for the period of four months only from 1st May to 1st September, and will be 14. This is at the rate of 42 coupons a year as compared with an annual rate of 36 for the current period. For the convenience of the public and particularly of parents of school children, these coupons will become valid as from Monday, 8th April.
    As from 1st September, a return will be made to a ration period of six months, and, apart from any unforeseen circumstances, I hope that it will be possible to make the ration for that period 26 coupons which is equivalent to an annual rate of 52. I also intend this year, as last, to make the children's general supplement of 10 coupons available in August.
    Wing-Commander Hulbert: Will the right hon. Gentleman not agree, as the Prime Minister has said we are about to celebrate Victory, that he might do something better for civilians than giving this trifling increase?
    Sir S. Cripps: I would gladly do a great deal more if there were the yarns available.

    Flypapers
    80. Mr. Collinsasked the President of the Board of Trade if arrangements are now being made to ensure that there will be an adequate supply of flypapers available during the summer months.
    Sir S. Cripps: It is expected that the supply of flypapers during the coming summer will not be less than the supply last year, and that this should be adequate.

    Empire Tobacco
    Sir J. Mellorasked the President of the Board of Trade from which Dominions tobacco is imported into the United Kingdom; the quantities imported from each in 1937 and in the last available year; the total production in each of those Dominions; and whether he has taken, or proposes to take, any steps to encourage export to this country from those Dominions.
    Sir S. Cripps: The only Dominion from which tobacco is imported is Canada, but it is also imported from India and Southern Rhodesia. As the answers to the second and third parts of the Question involve the compilation of a number of figures, I will, with the hon. Member's permission, circulate them in the Official Report as soon as they are available, together with figures for the Empire as a whole. Exports from Canada, India and Southern Rhodesia are only limited by the amounts of their available surplus.

    Steel (Output)
    Mr. Turner-Samuelsasked the President of the Board of Trade what was the output of steel during the year 1939 in the following countries: Germany, including Austria and the Saar, U.S.A. and Great Britain; what was the output for those countries during the year 1945; and what was the number of people employed in the industry in each of those countries during the same years.
    Sir S. Cripps: As the answer involves a number of figures, I will, with my hon. Friend's permission, circulate it in the Official Report.
    Following is the answer:
    The following table shows the production of steel ingots and castings in the countries specified during 1939 and 1945:—

    1939

    1945

    Million

    Tons

    Germany (including Austria And the Saar)

    22.0

    2.0*

    United States

    47.1

    71.4

    United Kingdom

    13.2

    11.8

    *Excluding the Saar in 1945

    No information about the numbers employed in the steel industry in Germany is available. For the United States the figures include blast furnaces as well as steel works and rolling mills, 389,000 being employed on the average in 1939 and 457,000 in August, 1945. 178,400 were employed in the United Kingdom in steel works and rolling mills in 1939 and 174,800 in 1945, both figures relating to the middle of the year.

    INDIA (HIGH COMMISSIONER)
    Major Wyattasked the Undersecretary of State for India what technical or other difficulties are preventing the appointment of a High Commissioner for India.
    The Under-Secretary of State for India (Mr. Arthur Henderson): His Majesty's Government have every intention of making this important appointment without delay, but there are certain points of detail which need and are receiving consideration. I am not, therefore, in a position to make a more detailed announcement.
    Major Wyatt: In view of the fact that the proposed creation of this appointment was first announced by the Viceroy on 15th June last, and on 15th October in this House the Under-Secretary said the matter was under active consideration, does not my hon. and learned Friend think it is about time the difficulties which brought about this matter were resolved?
    Mr. Henderson: I can assure my hon and gallant Friend that there has been no unnecessary delay and I hope to make a statement as soon as possible.

    PALESTINE (ANTI-JEWISH BOYCOTT)
    Mr. Jannerasked the President of the Board of Trade whether his attention has been drawn to the fact that the economic boycott against the Jewish community of Palestine by the Governments of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq constitutes a breach of the trade agreements between these States and the United Kingdom since, under these agreements, Palestine is entitled to the benefits of the most-favoured-nation clause; and what.

    785
    steps he proposes to take to ensure respect for these agreements by the five Governments concerned.
    Sir S. Cripps: Of the countries referred to, Egypt is the only one with which the United Kingdom has a Trade Agreement containing a most-favoured-nation clause. On the question of making representations, I would refer my hon. Friend to the answer given by my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for the Colonies to similar Questions on 13thFebruary.
    Mr. Janner: Is not this a flagrant breach of the trade agreement with Egypt and will not the right hon. and learned Gentleman do something to remedy the position or take counter-measures?
    Sir S. Cripps: As my hon. Friend will see, if he reads the answer I have quoted to him, steps have been taken.

    VICTORY CELEBRATIONS (GOVERNMENT DECISION)
    Wing-Commander Hulbertasked the Prime Minister if he is now able to make a statement with regard to the Government's proposals for a victory march in London and the principal provincial cities.
    The Prime Minister (Mr. Attlee): Yes, Sir. Official Victory celebrations will take place in London on Saturday, 8th June, which will be a Public-Holiday. They will consist of a Victory Parade in the morning, children's entertainment in the Royal Parks in the afternoon and a river, searchlight and firework display in the evening. I will circulate details in the OFFICIAL REPORT.
    Wing-Commander Hulbert: May I ask the Prime Minister if he will give an assurance that these celebrations will be on a scale fitted to the occasion and that there will be no austerity?
    The Prime Minister: I think they will be as fitting to the occasion as circumstances will allow.
    Mr. Skeffington-Lodge: Is the Prime Minister aware that many of the newspapers are regarding the day as Whit Saturday, whereas, in point of fact, this day is a week later, and as this is an important point, especially where Lancashire is concerned, may I ask the Press
    786
    to give publicity to this supplementary question?
    The Prime Minister: I think my hon. Friend must have got the wrong calendar.
    Squadron-Leader Fleming: Would the Prime Minister make sure that, on Victory Day, the people will get special allowances of rations so that they can really enjoy it?
    Following are the details:
    Saturday, 8th June will be a public holiday and the last Victory holiday. In regard to the payment of wages the Government intends to treat its own employees (including industrial civil servants) in the same way as on the occasions of the previous Victory holidays; that is to say, wages will be paid to workers taking the holiday and, for those who are required to work on the holiday, the usual payments for working on public holidays will be made. Employers in general are invited to follow the Government's example in these respects.
    In the morning there will be a Victory Parade comprising a Marching Column and a Motorised Column. The Marching Column will proceed through the West End and the Motorised Column through East and South East London. The Columns will unite in Westminster and proceed along the Mall past the saluting base.
    The Marching Column will include small contingents from each of the fighting services of the belligerent Allies with larger contingents from each of the four major Allies. The main body of the Marching Column will consist of representatives of the Dominions, India, Burma and the Colonial Empire, the Royal Navy (including the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleet), the Army (including the Home Guard), the R.A.F. (including the Royal Observer Corps), and of Police, N.F.S., the wide range of all the Civil Defence Services, together with an industrial contingent and representatives of organisations such as the Joint War Organisation of the Red Cross and St. John, N.A.A.F.I., etc., etc. The Motorised Column will include vehicles from the Royal Navy, Army, R.A.F., N.F.S., and Civil Defence.
    British Commanders will head the Columns, and during the short gap between the March Past of the Marching

    787
    Column and of the Motorised Column, the R.A.F. will stage a fly-past.
    It will not be possible to erect stands and only a small amount of standing accommodation will be reserved in the Royal Parks.
    In the afternoon there will be open air entertainments for the children in Hyde Park, Regent's Park, St. James's Park and Green Park and in the King's Park, Edinburgh. The space available in the four Royal Parks in London for this purpose will be very limited because some of them will be required as camps and assembly areas for the Parade, and consideration is, therefore, being given to the possibility of arranging a certain number of dispersed entertainments for children in the Metropolitan area during the week beginning 1oth June.
    Owing to present manufacturing difficulties His Majesty's Government doubt whether the provision of any of the usual forms of souvenir would be practicable or justified. They therefore propose that a commemorative card bearing a message from His Majesty The King should be provided at the expense of the Exchequer and distributed to school children through the local Education Authorites.
    Between the hours of 10 p.m. and midnight for the period 8th June to 15th June inclusive, the Ministry of Works will floodlight certain official buildings in London and elsewhere. No objection will be raised to local authorities and public bodies similarly lighting their buildings should they so desire; but other decorative lighting and lighting advertisements will not be allowed, in view of the continuing need for fuel economy.
    On the evening of 8th June a search-light display will be arranged covering the Greater London area, and between 10 p.m. and midnight there will be fireworks and a display by the N.F.S. on the Thames in the neighbourhood of Westminster. It is hoped to berth some of His Majesty's ships at Greenwich in Woolwich Reach and in the Lower Pool beyond Tower Bridge, and to illuminate or floodlight them. Arrangements will probably be made for the public to visit them on Whit Sunday and Whit Monday.

    BANQUETS
    Mr. Greyasked the Prime Minister if he is aware that the holding of official
    788
    banquets and receptions, at a time when famine is prevalent in Europe, offends good taste and is resented by the general public; and if he will direct that only such functions as are absolutely necessary shall take place and that those shall assume proportions comparable with austerity endured by the common people.
    The Prime Minister: The considerations to which my hon. Friend refers are very much in all our minds and I agree with him that it is most desirable that due economy in food consumption shall be exercised by all both on official and unofficial occasions.
    Wing-Commander Hulbert: Would the Prime Minister give an assurance in regard to use of the Food and Hospitality Fund, and see that there will not be so many Government banquets?
    The Prime Minister: I think I have expressed in my answer my view with regard to hospitality.
    Mr. J. Langford-Holt: May I ask the Prime Minister if, when making the selection for the hotels in which these banquets are to be held, he will consult the Minister of Labour?
    The Prime Minister: I do not select hotels for banquets.

    UNITED STATES LOAN
    Mr. Gammansasked the Prime Minister if he now proposes to suggest the calling of an Imperial Conference, in view of the possibility of the U.S. Congress refusing to grant this country a loan.
    The Prime Minister: It would be premature to accept the hypothesis contained in the hon. Member's Question.
    Mr. Gammans: In view of the fact that only Empire countries are prepared to help us in our hour of need, does the Prime Minister not feel that he ought to take some steps to see that we do not get a bombshell on us in the event of these negotiations breaking down?
    The Prime Minister: Oh, yes, but 1 really cannot act upon a hypothesis in a question of this kind. Naturally, we will keep in touch with the Dominions in all these matters.

    GERMANY (UNEMPLOYED NAZIS)
    Commander Douglas Marshallasked the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster what is the policy of the British Control Commission towards the growing problem of unemployed Nazis in the British zone and the danger of having these men unemployed and at large.
    The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (Mr. John Hynd): Nazis who are likely to prove dangerous if left at large are held in internment camps. Those not so held are required to register and are subject to direction into types of employment, mainly manual, where they are least likely to cause trouble. Long-term policy is based on the development under Allied control of anti-Nazi German police and other public services.

    AUSTRIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS (QUESTIONING)
    Mrs. Ayrton Gouldasked the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster if he is aware that two Austrian Social Democrats, Mr. Machold, the leader of the Styrian Government, and Mr. Rosenwith, the Security Director of Styria, were arrested on an order of an inter-Allied commission in Styria, British zone, for alleged pro-Nazi activities; that these two gentlemen have not only been loyal members of the Social Democratic Party for more than 40 years, but were held in German concentration camps during the war; and whether an official inquiry is being held now to inquire into their bona fides and, if so, why.
    Mr. J. Hynd: Mr. Machold and Mr. Rosenwith, of whose good records I am aware, were not arrested for alleged pro-Nazi activities but were recently questioned as a result of the investigations of a Quadripartite Commission into alleged Austrian military preparations. Immediate inquiries were made and I am now informed that no suspicion of Nazi activities attaches to them and they are at complete liberty.
    Mrs. Ayrton Gould: Is it not a fact that one of the men was detained when he was prosecuted?
    Mr. Hynd: I understand that the two men were called in for questioning, but
    790
    were released on the same day after questioning, and, as stated in my answer, they are now at complete liberty.

  AGRICULTURE

    Women's Land Army
    Sir T. Mooreasked the Minister of Agriculture whether, in view of the necessity to produce more food in this country, he will consider offering more attractive terms to those members of the W.L.A. who may be willing to remain in Government service.
    The Minister of Agriculture (Mr. Thomas Williams): I would refer the hon. and gallant 'Member to the reply I gave on nth February to my hon. Friend the Member for Gravesend (Mr. Garry Allighan), of which I am sending him a copy.
    Sir T. Moore: How can the Government expect more home production of food if they continue to treat this splendid body of young women so meanly?
    Mr. Williams: If the hon. and gallant Gentleman will read the reply to which I referred, he will find that there are appreciable advantages for members of the Women's Land Army over all others.

    Dried Grass
    Mr. Wilfrid Robertsasked the Minister of Agriculture whether, in view of the renewed shortage of animal feeding stuffs, he will take action to increase the production of dried grass from the existing plants and encourage the establishment of new plants, in order that the supply of high protein dried grass suitable for all classes of livestock shall be increased as rapidly as possible.
    Mr. T. Williams: At present market prices commercial grass drying would appear to be a remunerative proposition and I am not aware that further encouragement is required.
    Mr. Roberts: Can the right hon. Gentleman assist in encouraging this production which has been discouraged during the war owing to the shortage of material?
    Mr. Williams: Yes, Sir, but I am sure-my hon. Friend will agree that there is no discouragement at the moment. In fact, an individual licence for grass driers is unnecessary, and in all other respects we are giving what encouragement we can.

    Farm Tenancies (Colliery Districts)
    Mr. W. Robertsasked the Minister of Agriculture whether he will take action to prevent colliery companies from giving their agricultural tenants notice to quit, with a view to selling the farms with vacant possession, the results of which are a diminution in production on the farms and a hardship to the tenants concerned.
    Mr. T. Williams: Except where an agricultural holding is subject to a contract of sale made since 3rd September, 1939, or has been sold in pursuance of a contract of sale made since that date, I have no power to veto any notice to quit.
    Mr. Charles Williams: What is the exact position of farms under the nationalisation of coalmines?

    Cottage Certificates
    Mr. Goochasked the Minister of Agriculture how many cottage certificates were granted by W.A.E.Cs. during 1945; and how many applications were refused.
    Mr. T. Williams: In the 28 counties for which information is at present available, 387 applications were granted and 225 were refused. I will write to my hon. Friend in a few days when I have returns from all Committees.
    Mr. Goochasked the Minister of Agriculture if he is aware that large numbers of ordinary cottage tenancies are being turned into tied cottages by the process of securing certificates from the W.A.E.Cs.; that the cottages are required for the proper working of the farm; and will he establish a court of appeal, to which cottage tenants threatened with eviction can apply, and in the cases of farmers threatened with dispossession of their farms.
    Mr. T. Williams: The number of cases in which cottages are occupied on a service basis, after the owners have obtained possession by applying to the courts with certificates from War Agricultural Executive Committees, is not known. The answer to the second part of the Question is: No, Sir. The granting of orders for possession under the First Schedule to the Rent and Mort gage Interest Restriction (Amendment) Act, 1933, is a function of the courts, and I have no power to arrange for appeals from their decisions.
    Mr. Gooch: Is it not a fact that the farmer threatened with dispossession has three chances in connection with his own case, but that in the case of a tied cottage tenant he has only one chance?
    Mr. Williams: I am sure my hon. Friend is in error. When a farmer applies to a county executive for a certificate for the possession of a service cottage, there is a panel consisting of one agricultural worker, one farmer and an independent chairman chosen by them to decide whether a certificate should be granted.

    Home Wool Clip (Government Policy)
    Colonel Ropnerasked the Minister of Agriculture whether it is the intention of the Government to purchase the whole of the home wool clip; and, if so, what price will" be paid.
    Mr. T. Williams: I take the opportunity to make the further announcement which I promised. Last August the Government of the United Kingdom accepted the report and recommendations made by the conference of officials and experts, which had met in London to consider the disposal of the stocks of Dominions wool in the ownership of the United Kingdom Government concurrently with the marketing of the new clips. This acceptance involved the Government of the United Kingdom jointly with the Governments of the Dominions in a policy of orderly marketing of Dominions wool for a number of years during the disposal of the existing surplus stocks. At the same time the Government recognised the obligation to make provision for the home clip, which will not be sold under the arrangements to be made by the joint organisation which is being set up by the Governments of the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa for the disposal of Dominions wool. I cannot today announce the manner in which this obligation to the home producer will be discharged because it will, to some extent, depend upon any plan proposed by home producers for improving the marketing of their wool. The report and recommendations of the Committee presided over by the right hon. Walter Elliot have not long been published, and I have not yet had an opportunity of learning the views thereon of organisations representing producers. Accord-

    793
    ingly, the Government have decided to continue the wartime practice of requisitioning the home clip for the current year 1946 so as to give further time to devise and bring into operation other methods of disposal of the home clip, which will have to be used in 1947 and subsequent years. It is intended to take up the 1946 home clip at the general level of prices paid to farmers for the 1945 clip.

    COAST EROSION (NORFOLK)
    Mr. Goochasked the Minister of Agriculture if he is aware of the serious effect of erosion on the Norfolk coast, where parishes are in imminent danger of tumbling into the sea; and will he consider incorporating the whole of the area under catchment board jurisdiction.
    Mr. T. Williams: If my hon. Friend will let me have a note of the places on the Norfolk coast at which he considers that serious erosion by the sea is taking place I will arrange for the districts to be inspected, and if I find that any land drainage interests are involved I will bring the matter to the notice of the drainage authorities concerned. There is no power to include in a Catchment Area any part of the coast where sea defence problems do not affect land drainage.
    Mr. Gooch: Does the Minister realise that a considerable portion of the Norwich area is below the level of extreme tides and that normal tides could be a threat to Norwich half a dozen times during the year?
    Mr. Williams: My hon. Friend will be aware that land drainage authorities have no right under the law to deal with areas other than those where coast erosion would adversely affect their land drainage schemes..

    EX-KING ZOG
    Mr. Wilson Harrisasked the President of the Board of Trade whether his attention has been drawn to the fact that ex-King Zog of Albania ordered 30 suits of clothes while in this country; and whether he will state what clothing coupons were issued to this former monarch during his stay in Britain.
    Dr. Jegerasked the President of the Board of Trade whether he is aware
    794
    that ex-King Zog has had 30 suits made specially for him in England; what special facilities were provided to make these acquisitions possible; and for what reasons.
    Sir S. Cripps: Ex-King Zog, in common with other civilians, had had a basic ration of 242 coupons since 1st June, 1941. On his recent departure to Egypt he was given a grant of 80 coupons, which is the usual allowance in such cases. In addition, he also received in 1942, a special supplementary issue of 100 coupons. I can only assume that he had a large number of suits before clothes rationing started.
    Mr. Harris: By virtue of what inherent qualities was this potentate endowed with this mass of coupons?
    Sir S. Cripps: He did not have a mass of coupons, as the hon. Gentleman will see if he reads the answer.
    The following Question stood upon the Order Paper in the name of Mr.. House:
    89. To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs if he is aware that ex-King Zog, on leaving this country with his entourage for Egypt, took with him 2,000 pieces of luggage; and why was this uneconomic use of our shipping space allowed, in view of the great demand for shipping space for the needs of this country.
    Mr. House: Mr. Speaker, may I have an answer to my Question?
    Mr. Speaker: The Minister is not here to answer it.
    Later—
    Mr. Speaker: Mr. House.
    Colonel Ropner: Mr. Speaker, should not this Question be taken after 3.15? Is that not in accordance with our Standing Orders, when a Minister is not here to answer a Question?
    Mr. Speaker: Certainly not. The Prime Minister of the late Government was not often here when his Questions were reached, and I always allowed his Questions when he entered the House.
    The Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Mr. McNeil): His Majesty's Government were not involved in the arrangements for the transport of

    795
    King Zog's luggage, which were made through normal commercial channels. As regards the last part of the Question, I understand that, generally speaking, space can now be provided for all cargo which comes forward for shipment.
    Mr. Glanville: Will my hon. Friend tell us how much of this luggage ex-King Zog brought with him, as I want to know if he came here to get stocked up?
    Mr. McNeil: Perhaps my hon. Friend will put that Question down, and I promise to make full inquiries.

  MINISTRY OF WORKS

    Window Glass
    Major Sir Basil Neven-Spenceasked the Minister of Works if window glass is freely available for purchase; and why there is a shortage of glass for repair and the essential maintenance of houses, particularly in parts of Scotland.
    The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Works (Mr. Harold Wilson): Clear sheet glass is freely available for purchase. I am not aware of any shortage in Scotland, but if the hon. Member has particular cases in mind I shall be glad to look into them.

    Furnace Pans (Brick-Built Coppers)
    Major Legge-Bourkeasked the Minister of Works if he is giving priority for the supply of furnace pans for brick- built coppers to those areas which have inadequate supplies of piped water.
    Mr. Wilson: I am informed by my right hon. Friend the Minister of Supply and of Aircraft Production that the supply of furnace pans is slowly increasing. It is not possible to differentiate between areas on hard-and-fast lines, but where specific difficulties are reported, they are investigated locally, and steps are taken to meet the immediate demand as far as possible from the supplies available.
    Major Legge-Bourke: Is the hon. Gentleman aware that in areas where there is no piped water supply, these coppers are the only things on which people can rely for heating their water, and in many cases for keeping their water, and would he consider giving them priority, because it is really necessary?
    Mr. Wilson: I am fully aware of that. As I mentioned, the supply situation is still tight, though it is improving, but if the hon. and gallant Gentleman will give me particulars of individual areas I will see what can be done to help them.

    MINE CARS (SPECIAL LICENCE)
    Mr. T. J. Brooksasked the Minister of Fuel and Power why a special licence has been granted to the United Steel Company, Limited, Sheffield, for the manufacture of their special mine cars for the British pits; and what subsidies have been granted to the United Steel Company towards the erection of their factories and for the provision of plant for the marketing of this product.
    The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Fuel and Power (Mr. William Foster): The decision to manufacture a drop bottom type of mine car not previously produced in this country, carried with it the need to accept the establishment here of a sole agent of the American makers of the pattern selected. The advice to the Sanford Day Company to select the United Steel Company was determined by the facts that regular tub production capacity was fully absorbed, that the United Steel Company had suitable capacity available and that that capacity was situated in a development area. The transaction has been on ordinary commercial lines, and no special licence or subsidy of any kind has been granted.
    Mr. Brooks: Is it not a fact that this steel firm has, in the past, only supplied raw material, and now it is being asked to supply this manufactured material? Why is this arrangement made in America? Is it American money or are there American people on the Board, or what? We ought to know.
    Mr. Foster: If my hon. Friend will put down a Question—
    Mr. Brooks: I have put down a Question.
    Mr. Foster: If my hon. Friend will put down a Question asking for the information for which he has asked in his supplementary question, we shall be prepared to look into it and answer it. I have no information on the point.
    Mr. Brooks: Is my hon. Friend aware that there are at least half a dozen firms in this country making these cars? Here is a steel firm which only manufactured the raw materials. Have the other firms been asked? If not, why not? Why this foreign influence?
    Mr. Foster: I can assure my hon. Friend that the Ministry has been and is at the moment encouraging British firms to produce their own types of cars for this purpose.
    Mr. Brooks: Might I ask another question?
    Mr. Speaker—
    Mr. De la Bè re: I think the hon. Member for Rothwell (Mr. T. J. Brooks) was right.

    EMPLOYMENT (DISTRIBUTIVE WORKERS)
    Mr. S. Shephardasked the Minister of Labour the number of distributive workers in 1939 and at the latest known date.
    The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour (Mr. Ness Edwards): It is estimated that at mid-1939 there were approximately 2,160,400 insured persons (men 14 to 64 and women 14 to 59) in employment in the distributive trades. The corresponding figure for the end of 1945, including half the number of part-time women, was 1,588,800.
    Mr. Shephard: Could the Minister say why his right hon. and learned Friend the President of the Board of Trade, when he was lecturing to Birmingham industrialists, said there were 3,000,000 employed in the distributive trades?
    Mr. Evelyn Walkden: Before the hon. Gentleman answers that question, will he say precisely, or tell us in the OFFICIAL REPORT, how he makes up such a figure as this? Does it include the "big boys" of the City of London represented on the other side[HON. MEMBERS: "Order."] who charge very heavily for the cost of their service, but render no service at all?
    Mr. Edwards: The figures I referred to were the figures relating to insured persons only.
    Mr. Walkden: So it does not mean the "big boys" over there?

    " AORANGI," HONG KONG (RELEASE)
    Mr. George Wallaceasked the First Lord of the Admiralty if he is now in a position to indicate that the ss. "Aorangi," held at Hong Kong since 9th September, is now to be released from Admiralty service; and, if release is not possible is he prepared to take steps to arrange for this vessel to be manned by naval ratings.
    The Civil Lord of the Admiralty (Mr. Walter Edwards): No, Sir. Until accommodation on shore at Hong Kong has been made available, it will be essential to retain "Aorangi" as a holding ship for men due for release in their Age and Service Groups and their reliefs. The Commander-in-Chief, British Pacific Fleet, has, however, been instructed to release her as soon as she can be spared from her present duties. I regret that manning difficulties make it impossible to man the ship with naval ratings.
    Mr. Wallace: Is my hon. Friend aware that there is an urgent need at this moment for every available amount of shipping space we can procure, and that by this arrangement a number of merchant seamen are held stagnant at Hong Kong, when they are urgently needed for the repatriation of troops from Australia?
    Mr. Edwards: The question of merchant seamen is one for the Ministry of War Transport, but I can assure my hon. Friend we will release this ship as soon as we possibly can, and the merchant seamen with it.

    WAR GRAVES (RELATIVES' VISITS)
    Mr. Channonasked the Secretary of State for War if plans are being prepared to enable relatives to visit the graves of Servicemen who may have been killed during their Service and buried overseas; and, if not, whether relatives will be given passages with assisted fares when transport allows such visits to be made.
    Mr. Bellenger: I regret that I have nothing at present to add to the reply

    799
    given by my right hon. Friend to the hon. and gallant Member for the Isle of Ely (Major Legge-Bourke) on 6th November.
    Mr. Channon: Would the hon. Gentleman bear this in mind at a later date?

    QUESTIONS TO MINISTERS
    Sir T. Moore: May I congratulate you, Mr. Speaker, on achieving a record in the number of Questions dealt with today?

    MESSAGE FROM THE LORDS
    That they have agreed to—
    Statutory Instruments Bill, with Amendments.

    NEW MEMBER SWORN
    John Henderson, esquire, for the Burgh of Glasgow (Cathcart Division)
  BILL PRESENTED
    Hill Farming Bill
    to make provision for promoting the rehabilitation of hill farming land; for the payment of subsidies in respect of hill sheep and hill cattle; for controlling the keeping of rams and ram lambs; for regulating the burning of heather and grass; for amending the law as to the valuation of sheep stocks in Scotland; and for purposes connected with the matters aforesaid," presented by Mr. Thomas Williams; supported by Mr. Westwood, Mr. Glenvil Hall, Mr. Thomas Fraser and Mr. Collick; to be read a Second time upon Monday next, and to be printed. [Bill 77.]
BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE
Proceedings on Government Business exempted, at this day's Sitting, from the provisions of the Standing Order (Sittings of the House).[Mr. Herbert Morrison.]
ORDERS OF THE DAY

  NATIONAL INSURANCE (INDUSTRIAL INJURIES) BILL
  Order for Consideration, as amended (in the Standing Committee), read.
  Ordered:
  " That the Bill be recommitted to a Committee of the Whole House in respect of the Amendments to Clause 3, page 2, line 34, and Clause 3, page 3, line 6, the new Clause (Supplementary schemes) and the Amendments to Schedule 1, Part II, page 64, line 32 and Schedule 1, Part II, page 64, line 36, standing on the Notice Paper in the name of Mr. James Griffiths."—[Mr. James Griffiths.]
  Bill immediately considered in Committee.
  [Major MILNER in the Chair]
  CLAUSE 3.—(Payment of contributions.)
  3.15 p.m.
  The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of National Insurance (Mr. Lindgren): I beg to move, in page 2, line 34, leave out from beginning to end of line 41, and insert:

  "(b) where as respects any insurable employment, no services have been rendered by an insured person during any week, and no

  801
  remuneration is paid wholly or partly in respect of any day in that week other than a day on which he either—

  (i) has been rendered incapable of work by reason of some specific disease or bodily or mental disablement and would but for the incapacity have been working; or

  (ii) does not work in a normal week: then, as respects that employment."

  The purpose of this Amendment is to bring the Bill into line with the National Insurance Bill. It is an Amendment required under both Measures as a simple statutory adjustment and is consequential upon the National Insurance Bill.
  Amendment agreed to.
  Mr. Lindgren: I beg to move, in page 2, line 6, after "of," insert "any day in."
  Mr. Charles Williams: Before we pass this Amendment may I ask precisely what its purpose is? The matter may have been arranged upstairs in Committee, but this is a Committee of the Whole House. I think we might be told rather more about it.
  Mr. Lindgren: The Amendment is consequential upon the National Insurance Bill, which requires that the contribution shall be paid in respect of any week in which there is remuneration. This Amendment is consequential upon the words which were included by the first Amendment which was agreed to, and which gave the requirement that where any wages are paid in respect of a day on which the person would normally work and was not prevented from working by reason of injury or sickness, then the contribution will have to be paid.
  Mr. Williams: That is a perfectly excellent explanation, but could we be told why this was not in the original Bill if the matter is as obvious as that?
  Amendment agreed to
  Further Amendment made: In page 2, line 6, leave out from "period," to end of Subsection (3).—[Mr. Lindgren.]
  Clause, as amended, ordered to stand part of the Bill.
  NEW CLAUSE (Supplementary schemes.)

  (1)Any body of persons claiming to represent, or to be entitled to be treated as representing, insured persons of any class and their employers may submit to the Minister a scheme (hereafter in this Act referred to as a "supplementary scheme ") for supplementing the rights conferred on those insured
  802
  persons by this Act, whether by providing for additional payments in cases for which benefit is provided by this Act, or by providing for payments in other cases, or otherwise.

  (2) The Minister may by order approve, whether with or without amendment, any supplementary scheme if he is satisfied that it is expedient that the scheme should come into operation:

  Provided that the Minister before approving a supplementary scheme shall take steps to ascertain so far as practicable the views of any insured persons or employers affected thereby who in his opinion are not represented by the body submitting the scheme.

  (3) Subject to the provisions of this Section, a supplementary scheme may—

  (a) apply for the purposes of the scheme (including in particular the purpose of determining any question as to the application of the scheme to any person or class of persons) any of the provisions of this Act or of regulations, with or without modifications;

  (b) make such provision for the constitution of a body to be charged with the administration of the scheme and with respect to the supervision of the administration of the scheme and accounts as the Minister considers to be necessary for the purpose of giving effect to the scheme (including provision for the making of returns to the Minister as to matters affecting the operation of the scheme);

  (c)provide for the participation of the Minister in the administration of the scheme to such an extent and for such purposes as may be therein specified;

  (d)provide for the defraying, out of any funds which may be available for the purposes of the scheme, of such fees and other charges as may be determined by the Minister with the concurrence of the Treasury in respect of the participation of the Minister in the administration of the scheme as afore said;

  (e)contain such other provisions as the Minister considers to be necessary for the purpose of giving effect to the scheme.

  (4) No part of the funds required for providing benefits under a supplementary scheme 01 otherwise in connection therewith shall be derived from moneys provided by Parliament:

  Provided that nothing in this subsection shall prevent the making, in respect of persons whose remuneration is or may be defrayed out of moneys provided by Parliament, of a scheme where under contributions are payable by employers.

  (5)The provisions (other than this section) of this Act, and the provisions of any regulations, shall not, except in so far as they are applied by a supplementary scheme, apply to or have effect in relation to or for the purposes of the scheme.

  (6)A supplementary scheme when approved by the Minister shall continue in force until determined in accordance with the provisions thereof.

  803

  (7) The Minister may by order—

  (a) vary or amend the provisions of a supplementary scheme in any manner and at any time if so requested by—

  (i) the body by whom it was submitted, or any other body of persons which in his opinion is concerned as representing insured persons or employers; or

  (ii) the body charged with the administration of the scheme; and

  (b) where it appears to him that, having regard to any periodic audit and valuation, the fund constituted under the scheme—

  (i) is or is likely to become, and is likely to continue to be, insufficient to discharge its liabilities; or

  (ii) is and is likely to continue to be more than reasonably sufficient to discharge its liabilities;

  after consultation with the last-mentioned body make such modifications in any of the rates of contribution or the rates or periods of benefit under the scheme as appear to him to be required in order to make the fund, as the case may be, sufficient or no more than reasonably sufficient to discharge its liabilities;

  and a supplementary scheme may empower the body charged with the administration of the scheme to make, if the Minister so directs, such temporary modifications in any of the rates of contribution or the rates or periods of benefit under the scheme as are in the opinion of the Minister, sufficient to secure the solvency of the fund constituted under the scheme— [Mr. James Griffiths.]

  Brought up, and read the First time.
  The Minister of National Insurance (Mr. James Griffiths): I beg to move, "That the Clause be read a Second time."
  This new Clause gives power to the Minister to approve supplementary schemes that may be submitted to him by bodies of persons claiming to represent insured persons and their employers and desiring to have a scheme in order to supplement the benefits provided under this Bill. There is a similar Clause in the new National Insurance Bill, and it has been indicated to us that, both in regard to the benefits provided under this Bill and those generally provided in the National Insurance Bill, there may be bodies of persons who would desire to supplement them. We have, therefore, decided to incorporate this Clause in this Bill. With minor modifications, it is exactly similar to Clause 27 in the National Insurance Bill.
  It provides that, if a body of persons submit a scheme to the Minister, the Minister is charged with making investigations to find out whether those who have submitted scheme do represent, by
  804
  and large, the majority of the people concerned. There will be provision by which any persons who feel aggrieved, or who feel that they ought to object, can object to the scheme, and finally the Minister can adopt it and bring it before the House for an affirmative Resolution. The effect of that will be, firstly, that statutory sanction will be given to the deductions or contributions towards any such scheme, and secondly that the Minister, in any scheme approved by Parliament, will be able to give aid by administering it and charging the cost of administration to the scheme itself. It has been represented to us that we shall be able considerably to assist persons who may feel it desirable to have supplementary schemes, if through our organisation, we administer such schemes and charge the cost to them. That, I think, is a tribute to the efficiency and cheapness of State administration. We shall be able to handle such schemes more easily and efficiently than anyone else. We therefore fell it desirable that there should be such a Clause in this Bill as in the other, and I am glad to say that the right hon. Gentleman opposite, and some of his hon. Friends, feel the same about it. They had a proposal of their own down in approximately the same terms, so I do not think there will be very much argument about it. It is a very desirable Clause in this Bill, as in the other.
  Mr. Osbert Peake: By a curious coincidence the new Clause in my name, and in similar terms, appeared on the Order Paper on the same day, as the Clause put down by the right hon. Gentleman opposite I have always maintained that, in this new scheme for industrial injuries insurance the Bill should provide for a reasonable basic payment, taking into account that every employed person, whether man or woman, will be covered by the provisions of the Bill, and that in those trades or industries where it is felt desirable, a higher standard of benefits should be provided by means of supplementary schemes emanating from the two sides of the industry, jointly if possible. I was therefore delighted to see, in the National Insurance Bill, a Clause providing for supplementary schemes, and I wondered why the Minister had not included such a Clause in this Bill in the first instance. However, the transposition of this Clause into the Bill will enable supplementary schemes to be made and,

  805
  as the right hon. Gentleman pointed out, the effect of making supplementary schemes statutory will be that their provisions may be enforced against an unwilling minority, and their accounts will become subject to proper audit by the Minister of National Insurance. I was a little puzzled by the right hon. Gentleman's reference to administration. As I understand the Clause, no cost may fall upon the Exchequer, and therefore the administration of these schemes will, in the ordinary way, be left in the hands of the bodies jointly representing the employers and workpeople. I assume that it will be only in the matter of advice as to the working of the schemes, the keeping of accounts and so forth, that the Minister will come into the picture.
  When I first contemplated this idea of supplementary schemes, I thought it possible that one could be devised for the coalmining industry. As a result of this Bill, the coalmining industry will be relieved of something like five-sixths of the present charge upon it, for the expenses of industrial injuries. That is the result of pooling the risks of industrial injury over the whole population. I had thought that some part of the savings effected by this plan might, therefore, reasonably be devoted to the provision of a supplementary scheme for the mining industry. Now, however, it has been decided that the coalmining industry is to pass under national control, and I very much doubt whether, when that occurs, it will be possible for the State to say, at one and the same time, "We enact by Statute a certain level of contributions and benefits under the industrial injuries scheme for the population as a whole," and "We, as the State, say that a substantially higher level of benefits is appropriate to the coalmining industry."
  It seems to me that the State will be placed in an impossible situation if they are to pick out one class of workers, who happen to be working in a nationalised industry, and say that for them a higher rate of benefit is necessary and justifiable. For example, what about the comparison that will be made with the shipping industry, which is just as dangerous as, and in fact has a higher proportion of fatal accidents than, the coalmining industry? Therefore, keen as I am about the provision of these supplementary schemes, I am afraid that the nationalisation of the coal industry means
  806
  " good bye" to the prospects of any supplementary scheme in that industry. I therefore warn hon Gentlemen sitting behind the Minister that, if they anticipate that the demand in what is called the Miners' Charter for much higher rates of industrial injuries benefit is going to be met, I am afraid they are likely to be disappointed. I do, however, warmly welcome the Clause, and I am very glad that the Minister is including it in the Bill.
  3.30 p.m
  Mr. Tom Smith: I am sure you will agree, Mr. Speaker, that this would not be the proper time to discuss what is likely to happen when the mines are nationalised, but as one who took a very strong attitude about the 45s. basic figure for total incapacity in this Bill, I want to say a word of thanks to the Minister for including this Clause. We recognise that even as mine-workers we' cannot make out, for a supplementary scheme, a case which is limited only to those engaged in the mining industry. This Clause makes it possible for any body of insured persons to make representations to the Minister with regard to a supplementary scheme entirely on merit. Whether that merit is due to the particular accident risk or not is a matter for future discussion. I think I can say that, this Clause has gone a long way towards removing the little discontent there was about the 45s. basic figure in the Bill, and I want to say a word of thanks to the right hon. Gentleman for moving this Clause.
  Question put, and agreed to. Clause read a Second time, and added to the Bill.
  FIRST SCHEDULE— (Insurable and Excepted Employments.)
  Mr. James Griffiths: I beg to move, in Part II, page 64, line 32, leave out paragraph 1.
  I have another Amendment, consequential to this, in line 36, to leave out the word "other." May I suggest that we take the two Amendments together? These Amendments deal with the question of employment as a member of a police force. The original intention was that the police should be covered for sickness and other benefits under the National Insurance Bill but not for industrial injury benefit. It has been found that such an

  807
  arrangement will involve considerable complication. It has been decided to bring the police within the industrial injuries scheme. The police after full consideration have desired to come within this scheme, and I move this Amendment to make it possible for them to be received into this scheme.
  Mr. Peake: Would it be more convenient to discuss the whole question of the inclusion of the police in the scheme or. this Amendment or upon the new Clause, which will be the first of the Clauses to be taken when we resume the Report stage of the Bill?
  The Chairman: I think we had better deal with this Amendment only at this stage.
  Mr. Peake: In that event I am ready to postpone my remarks on this subject until we come to the new Clause on Report. I think that that would, perhaps, be most convenient.
  The Chairman: I think it would be better. The House must have an opportunity of discussing this matter on Report.
  Amendment agreed to.
  Further Amendment made: In page 64, line 36, leave out "other."—[Mr. James Griffiths.]
  Schedule, as amended,' agreed to.
  Bill reported, with Amendments; as amended (in Standing Committee and on recommittal), considered.
  NEW CLAUSE—(Police.)
  This Act shall, in its application to members of a police force within the meaning of the Police Pensions Act, 1921, and persons employed in any other prescribed employment being employment in respect of which benefits are payable under that Act as extended by or under any enactment have effect subject to such modifications as may be prescribed.—[Mr. James Griffiths]
  Brought up, and read the First time.
  Mr. James Griffiths: I beg to move, "That the Clause be read a Second time." This new Clause relates to the police. As I indicated when we were dealing with this subject in Committee just now, there has been the fullest possible consultation with the police, and it is their desire, after those consultations, that they should be brought within this scheme. The new
  808
  Clause is proposed in order to bring the police within the ambit of this Bill.
  Mr. Peake: I must confess I am not very happy at the new Clause which the right hon. Gentleman now proposes. Very much thought and discussion were given during the preparation of the original Bill to the position of the police force. It was finally decided, after a great deal of consideration, that it would be wiser to exclude the police from the ambit of the industrial injuries insurance scheme, and that for more than one reason. In the first place, the police, of course, do stand in a totally different relationship from that of other persons covered by the provisions of the Bill. The Armed Forces are, naturally, excluded from the provisions of the Bill. The police are a disciplined force whose position is very analagous to that of the Armed Forces of the Crown, at any rate, in peacetime. Moreover, policemen have to take special risks, and the Police Pensions Acts provide for differing rates of pension according to how the injury, resulting in the pension is incurred. Specially high rates are given to members of the police force who are injured in the course of their duties. We all know that the better the constable, the more risk he is prepared to take. It follows that the risk of the police is substantially higher than that of the average of the general level of the population. These things were, of course, well provided for in the Police Pensions Acts, which this House passed over a long period of years.
  In other respects too, of course, the police are in a very special position. There are under this Bill provisions for local appeal tribunals, and on those tribunals are to sit representatives of employers and representatives of workpeople. Those tribunals are not to be functional in character. That is to say, you will not have a ship owner and a shipping employee sitting, on every case where the injury has been incurred by a merchant seaman. Not at all. You will have tribunals dealing with all categories of workpeople. On these local tribunals will be sitting representatives of employers associations on the one hand, and of trade unions upon the other. You cannot imagine a more inappropriate set-up than that for dealing with appeals by members of the police force. I hope that whoever says a further word from the Government benches on this subject, will give us some indication.

  809
  of the form of tribunal contemplated, where appeals by members of the police force are involved It is quite obvious to the House, I think, that the tribunals as established by the Bill will be inappropriate.
  I should like to hear from the Parliamentary Secretary to the Home Office, whom I see sitting on the front bench opposite, how it comes about that the Home Office have won every battle but the last upon this matter When I was occupying the position which he occupies today we were successful in maintaining the exclusion of the police from this Bill. The police themselves, we were told, at that time, did not desire inclusion in the Bill. They were much better provided for, and at much less cost to themselves, under existing arrangements. I hope, therefore, we shall have some explanation from the hon. Gentleman who represents the Home Office of how it comes about that the walls of Jericho have now collapsed.
  Mr. Marlowe: I am rather surprised at the manner in which this new Clause was moved by the Minister. Obviously, for the cogent reasons which my right hon. Friend, who has just spoken, put before the House, this has been rather a vexed question. The Minister must have given very careful consideration to whether the police should be included or not. For a long time, the policy has been to exclude them. Now we are suddenly met with a complete reversal of that policy. I am by no means disposed at the moment to oppose the right hon. Gentleman. He may have a very good case, but I think that we are entitled to be told what it is.
  Mr. James Griffiths: The police themselves want to come in.
  Mr. Marlowe: That is not a very sound argument. Anyone who has children knows that what people want is not necessarily good for them. All the right hon. Gentleman has said is that the police want it. I accept his word, but I should like to know some of the circumstances—whether discussions have taken place, and what views were expressed by the Police Federation. I should also like to know whether this is a matter of compromise, or whether the police have expressed a strong desire to be included in this scheme. If he can satisfy me that
  810
  there is a perfectly good case, and the police desire to be included, I should not feel disposed to oppose him, but I feel that the House is entitled to be taken a little more into the confidence of the right hon. Gentleman and to be told the arguments in favour of his case.
  3.45 p.m.
  Mr. Turner-Samuels: I am in favour of the police being brought into this Bill. I do not think there is anything in the constitution of the tribunal to which the right hon. Gentleman has referred which militates in any way against the police being brought in. We shall have a tribunal, constituted of two or three men of fairness and common sense, who will not be dealing so much with police matters, as with the benefit which ought to be conferred for the particular accident that has occurred. I do not think that is a very great difficulty. There are, in my view, more serious difficulties about this matter. No doubt the Minister has taken them into consideration and will inform the House with regard to them. The Police Pensions Act, 1921, is an important matter. It is a sort of separate code which provides for policemen in particular in regard to pensions, allowances, gratuities, etc. I want to be helpful, but I do not see how the new Clause is going to carry out what is, apparently, the intention, namely, to bring the members of the police force into this Bill in a complete and satisfactory way. There is nothing in this particular Clause which operates, as I understand it, to amend or get rid of the Sections of the Police Pensions Act, 1921.
  It is very important that that matter should be considered. If it involves the question of benefits under this particular Bill being in addition to the benefits that are derivable under the 1921 Act, that would be another matter. I ask the Minister whether the new Bill, when it becomes a Statute, is going to be in substitution for the 1921 Act or not. If it is to be in substitution, I can see nothing in the repeal Schedule repealing the 1921 Act, and I can see nothing in this new Clause which safeguards the provisions already made under that Act. If the Minister has not considered that point I should like him to do so, and if he has considered it, I should like him to assure the House on these particular matters. It is perfectly true that within the ambit of

  811
  this Clause it is stated that the Police Pensions Act, 1921, is to be modified accordingly. That is a rather curious matter, because anyone who knows the Police Pensions Act, 1921, knows that it makes elaborate and important provisions affecting the police, and the idea of that Act being abrogated or amended in any way—
  Mr. Oliver Stanley: Is it not this Bill which should be amended, and not the Police Pensions Act? Should not this Bill be subject to any modifications the Minister may desire?
  Mr. Turner-Samuels: I do not know, but it is desirable that there should be no doubt. If I have some doubt about it, there is no reason why someone else should not also have doubt about it. These matters ought to be cleared up beyond any dispute. It would seem to me that the Minister would want to take into consideration the very grave matter of altering that Statute by a stroke of the Ministerial pen. If there is any risk of that, something ought to be done to protect and clarify the position. I would ask the Minister to consider this and give some indication of what it is proposed to do.
  There is another matter which seems to make it very awkward to work in this particular provision. Under Section 13 of the Police Pensions Act, 1921, there is power to reduce a pension where there is misconduct. One of the provisions of this Bill is that the element of misconduct is not to be brought in at all. It is very important to reconcile these things. I would not be prepared, speaking with all respect, to leave this matter to the caprice of any particular Minister, and I think that some very clear statement must be made with regard to it. Under Section 13 of the Police Pensions Act, 1921, the element of misconduct has to be taken into consideration. Under the present Bill, the element of misconduct has not to be taken into consideration. I want to know how the two are to be reconciled; whether it is proposed to do so by Order in Council, or whether some Ministerial intention exists to regularise the matter in proper Statute form. Under the Police Pensions Act, there are matters such as forfeiture and suspension of pensions. There is nothing like that in this Bill
  812
  Then there is another matter which must be taken into consideration. In the Police Pensions Act it is indicated that disablement is based on the degree to which ordinary capacity is affected, which is the very opposite to the doctrine interwoven into this Bill. The question there is the loss of the joy of life and so on, as we have been told by the Minister, but the test is not based on the degree to which ordinary capacity is affected, whereas under the Police Pensions Act, it is Anyone who is acquainted with the 1921 Act knows it is a code in itself, and it is not reconcilable with the provisions in this particular Bill Therefore, I would ask the Minister to consider whether it is possible within the purview of this new Clause to enact the machinery necessary to obtain the results that he is seeking. My final word is this. I doubt very much whether, in this form, it is desirable to do it because I think it is calculated to lead to a lot of trouble which may not have been apprehended.
  The Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department (Mr. Oliver): The hon. Member for Gloucester (Mr. Turner-Samuels) has referred to what he calls an inconsistency between the present Police Act and this Bill. Obviously, when this Bill becomes an Act any inconsistency which may appear between the two Measures will be corrected, and I have no doubt, in my own mind, that such provision is already in contemplation. It would indeed be a strange matter, if under this Bill misconduct formed no part of disqualification of benefit, and the Police Act does, in fact, include such disqualification. We should indeed have two very inconsistent statutes, but the very purpose of bringing the police under this Bill is that it is desired not only that they should participate in the benefits which the Bill provides, but also that the conditions governing the point raised by the right hon. Gentleman the Member for North Leeds (Mr. Peake) should apply. The reason why the police were excluded in the first instance, was due to the fact that the scheme under which they were provided for was certainly better than the Bill as originally contemplated. But the benefits now are much better than those originally contemplated. Of course, the police themselves and the Scottish Council have made it clear that they desire to come

  813
  within the ambit of this Bill. Every care has been taken, and I believe there has been no substantial deviation from this point of view that it will be to the advantage of the police to come within the Measure. They have asked to be so included, unless there was some substantial ground for excluding them, it would be merely churlish to say "You ought not to come in." In administration there would be this difficulty, that whilst they were included in the National Insurance Bill they were excluded from this industrial injuries scheme. Therefore, there seems to be no good reason, as far as the Minister of National Insurance can see, why they should not be included in this Measure. It is at their own request that they are included.
  Mr. Turner-Samuels: Before the hon. Gentleman resumes his seat may I put one point to him? He says this will be corrected if it is found, as I have said, that if there is misconduct benefit may be lost. Do I take it from him, that he regards misconduct on the part of police in exactly the same way as misconduct by an industrial worker?
  Mr. Speaker: The hon. Member realises of course that a second speech is not allowed on Report.
  Mr. Stanley: I think there is one point we must ask the hon. Gentleman to clear up. This new Clause is drafted in a very peculiar form. When the right hon. Gentleman introduced it, he gave the impression that as a result of this the police came under the Bill, but if hon. Members look at this Clause they will see that is not correct. Here, of course, I differ from the hon. Gentleman. I hope he will explain it, but I take it that the reference to the Police Pensions Act is used merely as a descriptive term for those coming within the benefits itself, and that we are now discussing how it applies to these people, but subject to these very important words
  " subject to such modifications as may be prescribed."
  In other words, it is not this Bill but this Bill plus any alterations which the Minister may choose to make and of which we are not informed. Obviously, these words could not be in, unless the right hon. Gentlemen concerned had an idea of what alterations they intended to make in the Bill. Therefore, I think it
  814
  is only right, before allowing this Clause to pass giving these wide powers to the right hon. Gentleman, that we should be told what they have in mind in regard to the last words. What are the modifications it is intended to prescribe before applying this Clause to the police force?
  Mr. Oliver: I can only speak again by leave of the House. As I understand the matter, under the Police Pensions Act there are differences in benefit according to the nature of the accident met with by the police officer. As a result it will be necessary for the purposes of applying the Bill which is now being considered, and which authorises uniform benefit for certain injuries, to make modifications in the police Measure to make it clear that if a police officer meets with an accident, he will be treated as a civil or industrial worker is treated, and that there would be no distinction. I am informed that under the Police Pension Act it is not the injury alone which is considered. How the injury arose enters into consideration, and for that reason in order to apply this Measure to police officers, modifications have to be made to the scheme.
  Mr. Stanley: Is the hon. Gentleman retaining the differentiation, or getting rid of it?
  Mr. Oliver: We are not retaining a differentiation if it applies to the present Measure which makes uniform the rates of benefit for any injuries which may be sustained.
  Mr. Stanley: Is it intended to retain the differentiation?
  Mr. Oliver: No, we intend to apply this Bill to police officers and in this Bill there is no differentiation.
  4.0 p.m.
  Mr. Peake: Will the hon. Gentleman say a word or two on the question of the suitability of the local appeals tribunals, as constituted under the Bill, to members of the police force?
  Mr. Oliver: Again I must ask the leave of the House to speak. It does appear that if a policeman meets with an accident he is in no way in a different position from any other person who meets with an accident. Is the tribunal completely inadequate because a policeman is knocked

  815
  down by a motor car, and is it in a different position from the tribunal which has to consider the case of a civilian worker who is knocked down in the street? If it is necessary for an investigation to take place, I should have thought that the tribunal was as adequate to deal with the complaints of a police officer, as with the complaints of any other person.
  Question put, and agreed to.
  Clause read a Second time, and added to the Bill.
  NEW CLAUSE.—(Woman wholly maintained to be regarded as widow in certain circumstances.)
  Where the Minister is satisfied that the deceased had been living with a woman as man and wife for a period of not less than five years immediately prior to his death and that he was wholly maintaining her at the time of his death or would, but for the relevant accident, have been wholly maintaining her, she shall be regarded for the purpose of this Act as being the widow of the deceased—[Mr House.]
  Brought up; and read the First time.
  Mr. House: I beg to move, "That the Clause be read a Second time."
  This Clause is, to a large extent, self-explanatory. In effect, it asks that.I woman who has been living with a man, as his wife, for not less than five years prior to the man's death, should be regarded as a widow for the purposes of this Bill. I have had considerable experience, as a trade union official, of the working of the Workmen's Compensation Act. I have had to look after men employed in the iron and steel industries who have sustained accidents, and in certain fatal cases, when I have called at a man's home to talk about a lump sum payment, I have been astonished to find that the woman thought to be the man's wife had to disclose that there was no marriage certificate. In a particular case I have in mind, just before the last war, a close friend of mine was killed. I had visited his flat for many years. He was living in eminently respectable conditions with a woman whom I presumed to be his wife. This woman was looking after my friend and his children extremely well. Then my friend was fatally injured, and when 1 talked to the woman about compensation she disclosed that there was no marriage certificate. That
  816
  sort of case is tragic. Under the Workmen's Compensation Act. and the present Bill, it is intended that that sort of person shall have assistance. I have no doubt about the good intentions of my right hon. Friend, but he may say there are administrative difficulties. If he says that, I would like to reply that this Clause is based on the grounds of justice, and from that standpoint ought to be accepted, and that if there are administrative difficulties I respectfully submit that it is his job to overcome them.
  Mr. Solley: I beg to second the Motion.
  I envisage some possible difficulty in operating the Clause as it now stands, but there are few Members of the House who would not be in sympathy with its intention. The fact that by Clause 21 (2) we intend to give benefit to the illegitimate son or daughter of a man who is killed by an industrial accident, indicates that the Minister had in mind the sort of case to which my hon. Friend the Member for North St. Pancras (Mr. House) has just referred. It seems invidious to make a distinction between a mother who bore an illegitimate child, and the illegitimate child itself. If we think it proper that an illegitimate child, dependent on its father, should receive some benefit under this Bill, then it is difficult to make out a case for non-receipt of benefit by the child's mother. Those of us who have had experience of these matters realise that there are many such tragic cases— far more than many people would be ready to believe. A visit to a court of summary jurisdiction in a working-class area, or to a county court, will soon make the onlooker realise that the case referred to by my hon. Friend is by no means an isolated occurrence. I appreciate that there might be difficulty in operating this Clause. For instance, it may be that the workman is fully supporting his legitimate wife, possibly through the operation of a police court order, While he is fully supporting the woman with whom he has been living for a period of not less than five years. In those circumstances, if the Clause, as drafted, is accepted, both the legitimate wife and the woman with whom the man has been living would be entitled to benefits under the Bill. It would require the judgment of Solomon to apportion the benefits, but with great respect to the

  817
  Government and my right hon. Friend I doubt whether they would attempt what Solomon once attempted. But the sympathy of the House will certainly be with the Mover of this Clause. We ought not to be stopped by practical difficulties from seeking to achieve the purpose we all have at heart.
  Mr. Marlowe: While it may be that many will approach this matter from a sympathetic point of view, the hon. Member for Thurrock (Mr. Solley) has himself pointed out the utter impossibility of the Clause as it stands. It would raise an impossible position, because Clause 19 already provides for the support of a widow, and if the new Clause were incorporated in the Bill there would be no limitation on the number of widows the State might be called upon to support.
  Indeed this Clause, as it now stands, does not even limit the benefit to one woman who has to be maintained. Any number of women can come under this suggested Clause, and in fact a man may be living with half a dozen, which means that the hon. Member apparently would expect the State to support the lot of them. In those circumstances I do regard the new Clause as quite unworkable, and the argument put forward by way of analogy, with respect to provision for illegitimate children, has, of course, no relevance whatever. There is, in this country, no limit put upon the number of children you may have, but there is a very fixed limit to the number of wives a man may have. For that reason I regard it as quite impossible for the right hon. Gentleman even to consider the Clause.
  Mr. Tom Smith: The hon. and learned Member for Brighton (Mr. Marlowe) may know more than I do about the number of wives one can have, but this problem is one which must be faced. We faced it in Committee in a rather delicate manner. Nobody wants to weaken the marriage tie, and I think that observation applies to all parts of the House. Under the Workmen's Compensation Act employers were not concerned with morals but with the loss of earning capacity. Under the Act it is true that in certain circumstances with a couple living together, unmarried, the man could get workmen's compensation, but the woman living with him could not. As I read it,
  818
  if a woman is living with a man unmarried, and he dies as a result of an accident leaving the woman to look after his child or children, she receives benefit. Paragraph (6) of Clause 24 (1) reads:
  " A female person not being a child was residing with the deceased and had the care of the child or one or more of the children;"
  and the Subsection proceeds:
  " she shall be entitled to death benefit if she was being wholly or mainly maintained by the deceased at the said date and was, or would but for the accident have been, so maintained throughout the said period."
  What does the suggested Clause do? One can picture the case of a man and woman living together who bring up children beyond the dependent age. If they are living together and they have no children, she can get nothing. It is for this reason that I think the problem is one that must be dealt with. The right hon. Gentleman the Minister knows full well, with his experience of mining areas, that we have had to meet these cases many many times over. While the Clause is, if I may say so, with respect, not quite well enough worded to meet the situation, I do hope that the right hon. Gentleman will, in another place, insert some words which will meet this point and make the Bill work a little more smoothly.
  Mr. Bowles: I rise to support the eloquent appeal made by the hon. Member for North St. Pancras (Mr. House). I believe this matter was discussed at the beginning of the war, when those who were described as "a man and woman living together '' were considered with regard to dependent allowances. I cannot remember whether or not they were called acting wives— [Hon. Members: "Unmarried wives."] Well then, unmarried wives, but as I say I cannot remember whether they were accepted by the War Office for the granting of separation allowances. But surely if the State, in one case, accepts the position for people fighting in the Forces, there is no reason why the analogy should not be followed in this instance. Therefore, I add my plea to those already made to the right hon. Gentleman, to give his serious consideration to this Amendment.
  Mr. James Griffiths: We had a very full and frank discussion on this problem in Committee. All the Members who took part in it appreciated how very difficult it

  819
  is. It is delicate, it is dynamite, and one requires to step very warily if one does not want to get into trouble. Under the Workmen's Compensation Act there is no claim, if I can use the language common in these circumstances, unless the marriage lines are produced. There are many hard cases, and during the Committee stage we considered all kinds of alternatives. I would like to say what conclusion has been reached by the Government and myself in this matter. As the Bill stands, there is provision for a pension to be payable to a widow, and for a pension to be payable to an unmarried wife living with a man who has the care of his children, but the second pension would not be payable if the widow is qualified. Therefore, in the case where there is a married wife separated from the man, and an unmarried wife living with the man, if the legal wife claimed and sustained her claim, there could be no pension for the second woman. The change that we propose later in the Bill is this: where the wife is separated, and where there is an unmarried wife, both pensions will be payable in certain circumstances. Where there is an unmarried wife having the care of the children of the deceased, there will be a pension so long as the children are of school age and not pensionable. In addition the separated wife will be able, under the terms of the Bill to claim a pension as well. There are limitations, but in this very difficult matter which has puzzled, worried and divided the House, and even created feeling on many occasions during the time that I have been a Member, I think we have now suggested a solution which is reasonably fair. Naturally, no one wishes to do anything which will weaken the marriage tie, but I do not feel that I can accept the new Clause for the reasons that I have given to the House. I repeat that my colleagues in the Government and I have done our very best in this delicate matter, and for this reason I hope the hon. Member will not press this Motion to a Division. If he does, I shall be forced to ask the House to reject it.
  Mr. House: Having regard to the explanation given by the Minister, and his indication of the action the Government are going to take, I beg to ask leave to withdraw the Motion
  820
  Motion and Clause, by leave, withdrawn.
  Mr. Speaker: The next Amendment I have not selected—the next is out of Order at might increase the charge. There was a manuscript new Clause handed in. I thought that I had made it clear on a previous occasion that while this is in Order by Sessional wartime Orders, this was not the previous practice and I have now decided to revert to the peacetime procedure and cannot accept manuscript new Clauses on Report.
  Mr. Bowles: With reference to your Ruling, Mr. Speaker, does that mean that a manuscript Amendment cannot be accepted on the Committee stage?
  Mr. Speaker: I cannot answer for the Committee stage.
  CLAUSE 9.—(Accidents happening while travelling in employer's transport.)
  Mr. James Griffiths: I beg to move, in page 5, line 40, after "travelling," insert "as a passenger."
  The effect of this Amendment is to exclude from the benefits of Clause 9 any person who is not operating the vehicle concerned. In this Clause we are making special provision to cover those who are injured while travelling to and from work in certain circumstances. Obviously the driver would be on duty, and would be covered. It is desirable that the words "as a passenger" should be included and I hope, therefore, that the House will accept the Amendment.
  Mr. T. Smith: We had a full discussion in the Committee with regard to this question and we then asked the Minister to consider whether a person waiting to board a bus for the purpose of proceeding either to or from his work should be regarded as travelling and be entitled to injury benefit in case of accident. There have been many cases in court in which the question has arisen whether injuries received by a workman on the employer's premises arose out of or in the course of his employment, but I do not think that there has ever been a case that touches the circumstances we had in mind when we moved the Amendment in Committee. I have carefully looked up the case of Weaver versus The Tredegar Colliery Co., 1940, and while that to some extent clarifies the position, it does not meet the circumstances which I believe

  821
  will arise from our putting into a Bill, for the first time, something that definitely legalises transport to and from work in a vehicle either owned or hired by an employer.
  It is as well to bear in mind that these vehicles are not ordinary public transport but vehicles supplied by the employer, either directly, or hired by him for the purpose of conveying his workmen to and from work. The kind of case I visualized was that of men, assembled at a given point at five o'clock in the morning for the purpose of boarding a vehicle to go to work, and receiving injuries, from a falling tree, for example, or from something falling from a building. Many men have been injured in this way to my knowledge. Under the strict wording of this Clause men so injured would be excluded from the industrial injuries benefit, but had they actually boarded the bus and been injured by a tree falling across it while they were proceeding to their work they would be entitled to benefit. We were trying to establish that a person waiting for a vehicle, as defined in Clause 9 of this Bill, should for the purpose of industrial injuries benefit be regarded as being on transport.
  The learned Solicitor-General will remember that in the Committee he put a novel point of view. He suggested that if half or more of a man's body was on the vehicle and an accident occurred, he would be covered, but that if less than half his body was on the vehicle he would not be entitled to benefit. I maintain that when we are legalising this question of transport we should go to the extent of saying that a person who is assembling for the purpose of going to or from work on a vehicle which complies with the provisions of this Clause, should be regarded as travelling for the purpose of industrial injuries benefit. I think the Minister will agree that he promised to look into this between now and the Report stage, and I hope that before the Bill goes to another place he will reconsider the matter and see whether he cannot remedy an injustice.
  Mr. James Griffiths: We had a long discussion on this point as my hon. Friend has said It is a very difficult matter and is a question of where to put the dividing line between an accident that happens as the result of an industrial risk and one that happens as the result of an ordinary
  822
  risk. I was very impressed by the point put by my hon Friend with regard to persons gathered together to wait for a vehicle. The point arises whether they are assembled on the employer's premises or outside. We shall get into grave difficulty if we say that an accident is industrial if it happens to persons who are being taken to work, and that it is a non-industrial accident otherwise. This will destroy the dividing line between this Bill and the major Bill. I understand the point about men waiting for a vehicle on their employer's premises and it was my intention to cover that with an Amendment if necessary, but I have been advised that it was not necessary, and that the Weaver judgment covers this. If my hon. Friend asks me to look into it again, I will, and if the point is not covered 1 will put down an Amendment. If men are waiting for a vehicle on their employer's premises that is a risk which is run by them because they are employed on those premises, and this comes within the Bill. Once we begin to make a distinction I think the dividing line will break down.
  Mr. T. Smith: I am satisfied that generally, if an accident occurs on the employer's premises while men are waiting for a bus, that will be covered, but the point I have in mind is when men are away from the employer's premises, assembled at a given point agreed to by the employer for the purpose of proceeding to work, and meet with injury. They should also be covered while waiting legitimately to go to work. In reconsidering this matter will my hon. Friend look into that point?
  Mr. Turner-Samuels: Another matter in connection with this Clause troubles me a little. The insertion of the phrase "as a passenger" might have a consequence which, I feel, may not have been considered. A man may start by being a passenger and, during the course of his transport, something may happen—the driver or conductor may leave the bus— and the man himself may voluntarily take over the driving. It might very well be argued in those circumstances that that individual has ceased to be a passenger and has become a driver. It might be said that if he is a driver he will be covered because it is work that he is doing and if there is an accident it will arise out of his employment. But

  823
  as taking over the position of driver is a purely voluntary act that would not apply at all, and therefore the man who started as a passenger and, in what might be very proper circumstances but without the direction or permission of his employer, may take over the character of a driver or even a conductor, may cease to be a passenger and then, by the insertion of these words, he would be deprived of the benefit to which otherwise he would be entitled.
  Mr. Wilkins: On the point raised by my hon. Friend above the Gangway may I ask the Minister whether he would look into the arrangements we had during the war when Civil Defence pensions were payable? I think the same principle operated there as my hon. Friend seeks to establish here, namely, that during the course of an air raid when a call was sent out for staff to return to duty, or where the staff telephoned to their depots to know whether their services were required, they were then regarded as being on duty from the moment they accepted the call, either at home or in the telephone box, and were entitled to receive pensions or benefits in respect of any injury which they received while proceeding to duty, even if it were a cycle accident or something of that kind. I think that the principle was established, and that this is the point that my hon. Friend is putting to the Minister. I hope that the Minister will agree to look at these Regulations again.
  4.30 p.m.
  Mr. John McKay: There semes to be a spirit existing like there was before we ever introduced insurance legislation. We still seem to be looking for all the legal points and being very much afraid in case we extend benefits just a little and create perhaps a little bit of difficulty more than otherwise might be the case. I would remind my hon. Friends and the Minister that we are here as legislators for the people. We have extended into this scheme something which has never been introduced before, because we are now making people pay half the amount of money that has to be paid. I appeal to the Minister from that angle to look at the subject more generously and not to be afraid of difficulties, legal or otherwise.
  824
  If a man has to go to a job he may arrange to assemble at a particular point. If an accident then happens to him, what is the chief cause? It is the fact that he has had to be there because of his work, and his presence, as well as the accident, was incidental to his work. I feel that it is up to us to cover that point before it is too late. Difficulties of administration would not be so great as some people are trying to make us believe and I am sure of this from actual experience. With the rest of my hon. Friends I feel that the Minister should on this occasion try to meet the House and the people whom we represent.
  Mr. C. Williams: I have listened with interest to the speeches which have been made and I cannot help feeling that the balance of argument is definitely against the Government. The hon. Member for Normanton (Mr. T. Smith) has great knowledge of these matters. It must be a matter of common knowledge that there are assemblies of people by the roadside to go to work, waiting for a 'bus to pick them up. I gather that here is a gap in our insurance programme. I thought this was to be a total insurance policy. Several excellent speeches from the other side of the House have made the same point, but the only thing the Government have done has been to turn it down, and add "Another place." The Government are always referring to another place in an airy way. Surely, we are the people who ought to decide these matters. It must be clear that at some place the line has to be drawn in regard to people who are travelling in these circumstances. The person may be standing outside the factory, awaiting for whatever conveyance has been arranged. If we are trying to cover travel insurance, when the person has once got to that point should be the time for his insurance to begin. I am not a lawyer and there may be obscure legal reasons why that cannot be done. The hon. Member who last spoke shares with me the idea that lawyers, for some mysterious reason, always seem to be trying in legislation of this sort to chip little bits off the benefits. That is the position at which the Debate stands up to now.
  These travelling habits are developing, and they are likely to develop more in a normal time, especially if we get satellite towns. I am not expecting to get very much guidance from the Law Officer of

  825
  the Government as to how we stand, but I think I am entitled to ask my own Leaders on the Front Opposition Benches where they stand on the subject. I believe that this is largely an agreed Bill, but a point of considerable substance has now been raised, and hon. Members opposite may possibly divide against the Government. What am I to do in those circumstances? I am entitled to some guidance on the matter. I may not get it, but I am always hoping. Perhaps I might ask the Government to try to meet the obvious views of the House in this matter, especially now that three or four of their supporters have asked them to do so. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is not here, so the Minister in charge of the Bill need not fear that he will get into any trouble.
  Dr. Morgan: I would ask the Minister to look at this matter again. I should hate to be in the same position as the hon. Member for Torquay (Mr. C. Williams), but I approach this matter from an entirely different point of view. Case after case has happened in the past involving accidents, and they will not be brought into the Bill by the Amendment now proposed. The insertion of the word "passenger" does not meet the problem at all. Employers, time and time again, make arrangements to get workmen to take vehicles provided by them to go to and from their work. Perhaps a man joins the bus a bit further up or a bit lower down than the place where it was arranged for the workmen to get on. I know the position is difficult and sometimes it can be almost impossible under the Regulations when an accident takes place in such circumstances. However, I hope that the Minister will look at this Clause again to see whether he cannot clarify the matter by putting in some further words in two or three places.
  Mr. Peake: My hon. Friend the Member for Torquay (Mr. C. Williams) will certainly get the guidance from me to which he is entitled. I must tell him that I was waiting with interest to see how the battle on the benches opposite was developing before making my own observations upon this Amendment. Those of us who took part in the proceedings in the Standing Committee will remember that there was a great deal of criticism of this Clause, and that hon. Gentlemen opposite, in particular, pressed the Minister to widen
  826
  its terms and increase its scope. Some of my hon. Friends also were a little disturbed as to the phraseology of the Clause. At any rate the right hon. Gentleman who is in charge of the Bill promised, in order to get on with the Committee stage, that he would carefully consider everything that had been said with a view to introducing an Amendment on the Report stage. It is interesting, therefore, to observe that the Minister, having considered all the arguments in favour of increasing the scope of the Clause, comes down on Report stage with an Amendment which narrows it.
  One of the cases raised in Standing Committee was that of the cyclist, and this Amendment is put forward in order definitely to exclude the cyclist from the benefits of the Clause. Take the boy who rides on his employer's cycle to deliver newspapers in the morning. He proceeds on his employer's bicycle from his home to the place from which he picks up the newspapers. Under the Clause as we discussed it in Standing Committee, that boy would have been covered but, if this Amendment is carried, that boy will be excluded if he meets with an accident proceeding on his employer's cycle, from his home to his place of work—
  Mr. Sydney Silverman: Not necessarily.
  Mr. Peake:—because it surely cannot be said that you travel as a passenger upon a cycle. It is only upon a bicycle made for two that one or other of the two riders can travel as a passenger, and I do not think we need consider that case. There is another case in which the hon. Gentleman the Member for Normanton (Mr. T. Smith) and I were particularly interested, that of the men waiting at their colliery for a bus provided by their employer to take them home, and they wait outside the pit-head baths on premises belonging not to their employer but to the Miners Welfare Commission. As the hon. Gentleman and I understand the Clause, those people will not be covered if they meet with an accident whilst they are waiting for the bus.
  It all turns, in the view of the hon. and learned Solicitor-General, who helped us greatly on this Clause in Standing Committee, upon whether the weight of the

  827
  workman is upon the bus or whether it is upon the ground. Of course, it is possible, and indeed probable, that waiting in the dark as these men often do, they might slip on entering the bus and injure themselves, and very difficult questions would arise as to whether such an accident arose in the course of their employment. Therefore I have watched with interest the reactions of my hon. Friends opposite to the Minister, who promised to consider arguments for widening the Clause and then comes down on Report stage with an Amendment which definitely narrows it. I would be inclined to advise my hon. Friend the Member for Torquay that if this is pressed to a Division he should resist the Amendment in the Lobby.
  Mr. C. Williams: Which way?
  4.45 p.m.
  Mr. Henderson Stewart: I personally take the same view, that if this matter is pressed to a Division it is the duty of progressive-minded men to vote for the Amendment.
  Mr. Peake: I said, vote against it.
  Mr. Henderson Stewart: It is a Government Amendment which I would certainly oppose. With regard to my hon. Friend the Member for Torquay (Mr. C. Williams), whose pleasant references to my Party I appreciated, I would point out that far from following him and his friends—though sometimes we have done so when they have acted properly— the truth is that the first progressive movement towards social reform was made by my Party. Seriously, I want to put this to the right hon. Gentleman. I represent a part of the country where coalmining is of supreme importance, and it so happens that coalminers in that area, as the hon. Gentleman the Member for West Fife (Mr. Gallacher) will bear me out, not only use buses and vehicles, but hundreds of them cycle long distances to the pits. Therefore, I would like to insure that these men in the course of their travels are properly protected. If there is some doubt about this bicycle case, or about whether a man is or is not on a bus, it is really for the Law Officer to make it absolutely clear. It is obvious that those of us here today are not clear on it, and without any doubt we must
  828
  pronounce without any dubiety that men travelling in their employer's vehicle, at their employer's wish, within the terms of their employment, are fully covered by this Measure. I do not feel that is so, and the right hon. Gentleman really must clear up the matter.
  The Solicitor-General (Major Sir Frank Soskice): There seems to be some misapprehension in the House as to precisely what we are discussing. Suppose Clause 9 were not in the Bill, the position would be that as from the point when you can fairly say that the workman starts on his duties to his employer within the meaning of the earlier section in the Bill he is acting "in the course and arising out of ". Clause 9 does not in any way limit that, it extends it. The reason for Clause 9 is really that in the well-known case of the St. Helens Colliery Company it was held that when people were riding on a vehicle, unless it could be said that in some way they were discharging a duty because they were made or told to ride on that vehicle by their employer, they were not covered. The object of this Clause is to extend the cover in that direction; that is to say, it, does not lessen it from the commencement of the beginning point of the duty, but extends it to the case where a person is travelling on a vehicle which the employer provides but is not doing so in response to any specific request or demand by the employer that he should so do. So we must approach this Clause from the point of view that this is an extension of the normal cover.
  Suppose the Clause were not there at all, and one were considering the position, that all sides of the House want to give the fullest and most ample cover. It is apparent that one must draw the dividing line somewhere; as from some particular point it can only fairly be said that the workman is undergoing no risks other than those that are undergone by ordinary members of the public, close to whom he finds himself, whether in a crowd or in a queue or on the pavement. So at some point or other you have to make a dividing line from the point where he is undergoing risks common to every member of the public and the point where he enters on his duty to his employer and is subject to risks incidental to that employment.

  829
  From that point the cover does apply to him; but before that the cover, of necessity, cannot apply. That is the position on Clause 9 which extends the cover in the sense I have indicated.
  The Amendment before the House introduces the words "as a passenger" and does not lessen the cover given apart from Clause 9 but simply says that when extra cover is given to workmen travelling on vehicles, it shall apply to them only if they are travelling as passengers. In reply to the right hon. Member for North Leeds (Mr. Peake), if a man is riding a bicycle, I do not think it can fairly be said that he is riding as a passenger. Similarly, if a man is riding in a motor car as the driver of the motor car, I do not think he could be said to be a passenger, and therefore he would not be within the cover under Clause 9. On the other hand, if a cyclist is riding to fetch some newspapers to deliver, he comes within the general cover independently of Clause 9 and, similarly, if in the course of his duties, a man has to drive a motor vehicle, he would come within the general scope of the cover because he would be performing his duty as a driver.
  Mr. Peake: Do I understand the Solicitor-General to say that a boy or man riding from his home on a bicycle provided by his employer to a place where he would collect newspapers for delivery would be covered under the Clause?
  The Solictor-General: I did not want to convey that impression, if I did so. What I meant to convey was that supposing he is at a shop and the employer says he is to collect newspapers from such and such a newsagent and deliver them on his round on his bicycle, in so doing he is acting in response to a direction from his employer, and would be covered because he would be acting in the course of his employment The persons whom the right hon. Gentleman had in mind who rode to their work would not be covered.
  Mr. C. Williams: It depends on the employer. Suppose the employer says, "I have papers to be delivered. Come to me urgently "?
  The Solicitor-General: I suppose he would be covered because that would be a specific order to come to him urgently. That would be quite independent of
  830
  Clause 9, and he would be in the same position as he would be under the Workmen's Compensation Act which this supplants. We must approach this problem bearing in mind that the Clause is additional cover.
  Mr. Henderson Stewart: May I endeavour to secure clarification about the miner who goes to work on his bicycle? Let us suppose that the bicycle is the property of the colliery company, and the man goes from his home to the colliery company each day in precisely the same way as other employees go in a colliery bus. Each of those two groups of men are moving on a vehicle provided by the colliery company. In one case the man is covered under this Clause, and in the other according to what the Solicitor-General has just said, he is not covered.
  The Solicitor-General: I think that is so, as the Clause is drawn with the Amendment in it. It is not as unfair as it might seem at first sight. Supposing a man is walking along the pavement, he is in a similar position to the man who rides a bicycle, even if it is provided by the employer, and the man who walks along the pavement could not be said to come within the ambit of the Act. But when we come to a vehicle provided by the employer the position is clear. It is a congregating point, a collective means of conveyance specifically brought within the cover by way of Clause 9 and by way of extension of the general cover provided by the Act. It is not at all unfair, always bearing in mind that one has to provide some arbitrary line somewhere. One would like to make it as extensive as it could be, but it is not practicable to go beyond a certain point and beyond that point it is not feasible to say that a workman is subject to a risk beyond that to which the general public are subject. In answer to the right hon. Member for North Leeds, who referred to the Weaver case—
  Mr. Paget: Under the Workmen's Compensation Act—and this is additional to that Act—the man was covered if he was using a conveyance "designated by the employer." If the employer provides a bicycle, that is a "designated conveyance."
  The Solicitor-General: No, that is not quite correct. It was designated if it could be said that the man was travelling

  831
  in that designated vehicle "pursuant to instructions." There had to be something by which one could infer that he was travelling in the discharge of his duties, and specifically to remedy that position and remove the necessity for some express or implied instructions Clause 9 was introduced into the Bill. That is made clear in the words—
  " if—(a) the accident would have been deemed so to have arisen had he been under such an obligation;
  The whole object of the Clause is to remedy that position, which was the position in regard to the St. Helens Colliery case.
  The Weaver case was mentioned by the right hon. Member for North Leeds and the hon. Member for Normanton (Mr. T. Smith). That was a case in which workmen congregated at an assembly point in order to board a vehicle. There was a great deal of discussion in the Committee on the apparent illogicality of a man being covered as to the time he gets his weight on the vehicle, but not up to that fractional second. Apparently there is an illogicality about it, but the line has to be drawn somewhere. The Weaver case depended on an interpretation of the Act as it stood. It was a case in which workmen met at an assembly point on a platform to board a railway train run by a railway company pursuant to an arrangement with the employer. The platform was not on the employer's premises, but could be fairly said to be a private access to the employer's premises. It was held in that case that the workmen were not covered. On the analogy of that case I do not say that every case is covered and if a workman is standing in a queue with ordinary members of the public on the pavement he would not be covered.
  Mr. T. Smith: In all the discussions on the Committee stage, and here in the House, there has been a clear differentiation between the workman standing with ordinary members of the public waiting for public transport, and what Clause 9 provides, transport provided by the employer and not used by the general public.
  The Solicitor-General: No one could pretend that Clause 9 as it stands covers people who are not on a conveyance, there is no doubt about that. The question is, apart from Clause 9, in what circum-
  832
  stances they are covered when not in a conveyance or at an assembly point, that is, before boarding a conveyance.
  5.0 p.m.
  The Weaver case extends to cover workmen who are congregating at such a point in certain circumstances, notwithstanding that that point is not on the employers' premises. In that case it was a railway platform constructed outside the employer's premises but it was in a place where it could be fairly stated that only the employer's workmen would have access. It was a sort of private access to his premises. I do not say that it would cover every sort of congregation point, but it would cover some. As the Clause and the Bill are drawn, with or without the Amendment, they would certainly not cover workmen who are in an ordinary assembly place, an ordinary queue, with members of the public. On the other hand, they would be covered at a number of assembly places as a result of the Weaver case, even though the assembly place is not on the employer's premises if it is clearly connected with those premises and the assembly points are assembly points for the purpose of boarding transport provided by the employer.
  Mr. C. Williams: Would they be covered if they were on ground belonging to the Miners' Welfare Fund?
  The Solicitor-General: It is difficult to answer that without qualification, much as I wish to do so. If the premises can be fairly said to be connected with the employers' premises in the sense that they are either an annexe, or are in close juxtaposition, or form some sort of private entry or premises to which persons engaged in those works or adjacent works can come, they would be covered; otherwise not.
  Mr. Williams: Where there is a welfare organisation of this kind, the point seems to be important to these men. Could it not be made clear that where men assemble on welfare premises for miners' welfare they would be covered, because that is the natural sequence of events?
  The Solicitor-General: Perhaps my right hon. Friend will say a word on that, if the House give him leave. If I may answer the legal problem put, which is more peculiarly within my province, one cannot give an unqualified answer. It

  833
  depends where the points are and their physical geographical relationship to the works where the man is employed.
  On the general position I would ask the House to say that this is fair. I know the feelings of my hon. Friend the Member for Normanton (Mr. T. Smith). My right hon. Friend the Minister has carefully considered the arguments. They have not been brushed aside or treated with any sort of disrespect, but one is always faced with the problem that there has to be some limit. This has been thought to be a fair limit. It is not as though those persons not within the limit are without protection. They are within the protection of the general law or the insurance scheme, as the case may be. I ask the House to say that the limits, as extended by Clause 9, are fair, and that it is extremely difficult to extend them without getting into the realm of uncertainty which would perpetrate an even greater injustice, because a workman would never quite know whether he is within the limit or not. It would create a state of uncertainty rather than put the workman within a specific boundary so that he knows whether he is entitled to compensation or not. I hope the House will agree that this Amendment meets the case.
  Major Boyd-Carpenter (Kingston-upon-Thames)I very much regret what the learned Solicitor-General has just said. He will recollect that the Standing Committee which dealt with this matter had the advantage of his attendance at a great many Sittings, and, in particular, the advantage of his advice on the point raised today by my right hon. Friend, that of the boy on the bicycle provided by the employer to get him to or from work. When that point was raised by a member of the Committee the Solicitor-General in his reply said:
  " Whether driving that bicycle can be fairly said to be operating it on behalf of his employer would be, I should have thought, a matter of some doubt. That is a point I might look at and consider more carefully. It is a point of importance."—[Standing Committee A, OFFICIAL REPORT, 1st November, 1945; c. 66-7.]
  I understood, and I am perfectly certain other Members of the Standing Committee understood, that it was the Solicitor-General's intention to look at that point so as to secure that if the boy on the bicycle were not covered he should be. We are presented this afternoon with
  834
  an Amendment which the Solicitor-General has quite rightly advised the House will eliminate the boy on the bicycle. I conceive that it is possible that if the boy on the bicycle picked up another employee and put him on the pillion, while the boy on the bicycle could not recover any compensation there would be some doubt whether the boy on the pillion was covered. That is obviously fantastically unsatisfactory. I feel it is a little discouraging for Members of this House. and of a Standing Committee, when they raise a point of this kind, and get what seems a satisfactory answer from the Minister, to come to this stage of the Bill and find that any doubt whatever is wiped out, but wiped out in the wrong direction. The Solicitor-General said, to my mind very rightly, that the principle behind the cover of this Bill is that this cover should go to people who are running extra risks by reason of their employment. Where the vehicle, be it a 'bus or bicycle, is provided by an employer to get employees to work, surely the risks incidental to travelling upon that vehicle are extra risks run by that employee over and above the risks run by other members of the public? Therefore, my submission to the House is twofold, first, the very unsatisfactory result of the Solicitor-General's consideration of the point put to him in Committee; secondly, that it would undoubtedly be the effect of this Amendment, if it were carried, to exclude the boy on the bicycle other than the pillion rider. I ask the right hon. Gentleman to consider that exclusion is justifiable, fair or equitable.
  The Solicitor-General: If I have the leave of the House, may I answer the hon. and gallant Member's point? I do not say it is a charge of failing to comply with an undertaking, and I am sure he did not intend to convey that. But I would like to remind him, if he would look at the Second day's proceedings, in the Committee, that I was specifically asked whether it was intended to cover cyclists. I said "No". The hon. Gentleman the Member for Oxford (Mr. Hogg) said:
  "What is the Solicitor-General's intention about bicycles? Is it intended or not to cover them?"
  I replied:
  "The intention was not to cover them."— [Standing Committee A, OFFICIAL REPORT, 1st Nov., 1945; c. 68.]

  835
  to which the hon. Member replied "Thank you," so that the intention is not to cover them and it was made clear that it was not the intention to cover them. I can only remind the House that there is only one Amendment on the Paper, that is, the Government's Amendment, which makes perfectly clear the position of cyclists in the sense in which the hon. Member indicated. I cannot accept any blame. It was made perfectly clear that cyclists were not to be covered.
  Major Boyd-Carpenter: Would the Solicitor-General say whether, when he undertook to look at this matter when it was raised in the Standing Committee, he meant that it was his intention to exclude the cyclists? If he did, I am sure that perfectly sincerely he misled me and a great many other hon. Members.
  The Solicitor-General: If the hon. Member will cast his recollection back, he will remember that we discussed what was the meaning of "operating" We were all rather puzzled by the particular wording of the Section which we had not considered before and we were wondering precisely what its effect was. I said in that sense, I would think it over and try and give an answer as to what was the meaning in law. In the course of the same Debate I was asked whether we intended to cover cyclists and I said no, we did not intend to cover cyclists. I am pretty sure the hon. Member was present. There was nothing to stop him putting down an Amendment on the Paper if he was dissatisfied with that position. He has not done so and he has come to the House knowing that was the position. Really, I do not think he has any cause for complaint.
  Mr. Burden: I should like to ask the Solicitor-General to throw some little light on this Clause so far as it relates to travelling to and from the places of their employment by railway men. Let me put it this way. A railway man goes to an assembly point, say Broad Street, and is told to proceed from Broad Street to Barking. In the course of his journey from Broad Street to Barking he meets with an accident and, as it may be, is killed. He is travelling in a vehicle provided by the railway company, but that vehicle is also operated as public transport. Other people are travelling in it
  836
  As I read this Clause, that man, or his dependants, would not be entitled to any compensation of any kind because he would have been travelling in a public transport vehicle. That is my reading of the Clause and I would like the Minister to say whether or not that interpretation is correct.
  Mr. Rhys Davies: I hesitate to intervene when so many of the legal fraternity are interested in this problem. I intervene, however, because I heard something said about the boy on the bicycle. I happen to be connected with the distributive trades, and I suppose there are more boys riding bicycles in those occupations than in any other. I would, therefore, like to get the point cleared up. I also sat on the Committee upstairs and heard a great deal of this argued. Some of my hon. Friends are very concerned as I am—because 1 am an ex-miner myself—with miners meeting with accidents as passengers travelling on a vehicle supplied by the employing company. If something should happen to one of those miners in the bus owned by the colliery company, I understand from the argument that workmen's compensations would be payable. In the distributive trades, however, a boy may get a bicycle provided by his employers and he may start work from his home on the bicycle. He may well keep the bicycle in his own home. What I would like to know is this: if an accident happened to that boy when he was riding from his home to his job on a bicycle provided by his employer, what would be the position and would be get compensation? The hon. and learned Gentleman suggests not. Let me put a hypothetical case to him. Supposing the boy is the son of a miner, as is very often the case in co-operative societies. His father, riding in a colliery company's bus and meeting with an accident, would get compensation: but the son, riding a bicycle provided by the employing co-operative society would not get compensation in the same circumstances. Am I right in assuming that? There is something wrong with this Clause if I am right in my assumption!
  5.15 p.m.
  Mr. Sydney Silverman: I confess I am considerably disturbed by this proposal. I was not a Member of the Committee upstairs and

  837
  therefore I do not know whether anybody has any grievance in this matter but, whether anybody who was on the Committee has a grievance, I am certain that the boy on the bicycle, referred to by my hon. Friend, would have a very definite grievance. I understand that we have to draw the line somewhere. Of course we have to draw it somewhere, but why draw it in such a place? I should have thought there was no difficulty in saying that, once the workman has left his home for the employer's purpose, on a vehicle provided by the employer, for purposes incidental to his employment, if he has an accident in those circumstances he ought to be covered. That is a simple proposition and I cannot for the life of me understand why anybody boggles about it. It is true in a sense that the boy on the bicycle is responsible for the control of the machine himself whereas a man riding in a bus has no share in its control. Is that the distinction? It does not seem to me to be a very good one if that is what is intended. If that is not intended as the ground of distinction, then what in the world is the ground? The principle surely ought to apply if you are going to extend the cover to both. If the man is walking to his work, or if he is riding in a public vehicle, I can understand the case.
  Mr. Lindgren: Might I ask my hon. Friend what will be the position in regard to a person owning a bicycle and riding it?
  Mr. Silverman: Of course, one could introduce all sorts of complications. If he was riding his own bicycle because the employer would not provide him with one, I do not see why he should not be covered. Of course, he would then be providing something for the employer but he would still be injured, in general terms, in the service of his employer, or associated with his employment. I believe he ought to be covered. I can quite understand if the Government were to draw a distinction between a vehicle provided by the employer and a vehicle provided by the man, but they have not drawn that distinction. They are penalising the boy riding a bicycle provided by the employer. Therefore, I do not understand the point of my hon. Friend's intervention.
  Mr. C. Williams: My hon. Friend is helping me quite a lot. Can I ask him
  838
  what would be the position if a boat is provided to take men from one side of a river to the other? Where do they come in under this proposal?
  Mr. Silverman: I am delighted to help the hon. Member. In the days when he occupied your place, Mr. Deputy Speaker, I did not find it so easy to satisfy him. On the point he raises, I should have thought those circumstances would involve the actual course of employment. The point we are now discussing does not arise. Of course, if an accident happens in any kind of vehicle, including the case put by the hon. Member for Westhoughton (Mr. Rhys Davies) when the employment has actually started, and the man is actually engaged on his work, no kind of argument arises.
  Mr. C. Williams: My point is if a man lives on one side of the river and is provided with a boat to cross the river, just as he might in other circumstances be provided with a bicycle, where does he stand then?
  Mr. Silverman: I should have thought, subject to what the learned Solicitor-General said, that a boat was a vehicle. Subsection (2) states:
  "In this section references to a vehicle include references to a ship, vessel or aircraft."
  But not a bicycle. What is the point of principle? I do not think it has ever been made clear to us in this discussion why there is this differentiation between a bicycle and all these other vehicles. I cannot see it. The Government have merely said that they had to draw the line somewhere, and they have done it in what seems to a good many of us to be quite an arbitrary place, involving anomalies and injustices and situations in which people would be deprived of benefit when commonsense says they ought not to be so deprived. Why in the world the poor humble bicycle should be left out of such a general list of vehicles has not been explained to us, and I hope the Government will explain it.
  Mr. Ivor Owen Thomas: I think it will be agreed that this question of liability for compensation for injury whilst travelling to or from employment has caused more legal disputation than any other item in the compensation legislation, and this I take it, is an

  839
  attempt by the present Government to extend the line further towards the man's home. This, inevitably, raises further complications. I mention one as an example. Take the case of a railwayman. Numbers of grades in the railway service are called out at abnormal times for special purposes. A permanent way man, for instance, may be called out at any time, night or day, when off duty, for fog or snow storm duty. A man may be called out at 3 o'clock in the morning and have to get up to go on special duty. He may have a bicycle to proceed to the place where he has been instructed to take up duty for that special purpose. He may walk or run there, or he may use his roller skates, or, again, he may use his bicycle. If by chance there had been a company's 'bus passing conveniently near just after the time when he was called, and it was convenient for him to get on that 'bus. which happened to be proceeding near the place where he was required to go, under the wording of this Clause, he would be covered for compensation, because it was the employer's 'bus. But, if he proceeded on his own cycle and sustained an accident between his home and the point where he was to take up duty, I conclude, from the wording of this Clause, that there would be no liability upon the employer for the payment of compensation. That is, of course assuming that the bicycle was the man's own bicycle.
  But what if the bicycle was provided for that purpose of proceeding to special duty at any hour of the day or night by the company? Would the man then be due for compensation, and would the company be liable to pay, for any accident that was sustained by the man between his home and his point of duty? Quite candidly, I think there is only one way out of this very difficult and contentious matter, and that is to declare, in this new Bill, that a man in special circumstances, when called out for a particular duty, is at the disposal of the employer from the time he leaves his home and is covered for compensation.
  Mr. James Griffiths: He is covered now.
  Mr. Thomas: If he is covered for special duties, why cannot we extend it, logically, to the case of a man proceeding on normal duties, because the accident may happen then, in exactly similar circum-
  840
  stances, as in the case where the man is called out for special duties? If it is logical, right and proper, in the one case, why is it less logical, or less right and proper, in the other case where a man is proceeding on normal duty at normal hours and sustains an accident in the course of proceeding from home to work, whether he is walking, riding a bicycle or riding a public vehicle or his employer's bicycle? That is the problem—
  Mr. C. Williams: Would the hon. Gentleman say whether he would extend it to a case of a man riding a horse or pony?
  Mr. Thomas: I do not want the controversy to be extended to a ridiculous extent. Where it is reasonably clear that a man was using reasonable means of proceeding to his work, or leaving his work, I think the weight of justice should fall on the' side of the man, and I think that, in a Bill of this kind, the more generous the Government can be to the victim of such accidents, the better it will be both for him and the victim.
  Mr. David Eccles: Like the hon. Member for The Wrekin (Mr. Ivor Owen Thomas), I was a Member of the Committee upstairs, and I am sure that it is in the recollection of all hon. Members of the Committee that, on Clause 9, we expressed the view that it was too narrow. The whole burden of our discussion upstairs was that we wanted an extension of cover for workmen proceeding to their work, and we rather understood that, when we came to the 'Report stage, Amendments would be put down by the Government that would provide for this extension. As my right hon. Friend the Member for North Leeds (Mr. Peake) has said, we find that the Government have put down an Amendment which actually narrows the coverage. That is my first point.
  The second point is that I cannot see why we should distinguish between a man who is the servant of a rich company that can provide buses, and a man who is the servant of another company which will only provide bicycles. To carry the thing to its logical conclusion, if the employer gives a man his boots, he can be said to be walking to work in his employer's equipment; but that is really extreme. The principle of giving

  841
  a special rate of allowance to those who are injured under this Bill, is that they are injured in the course of carrying out a contract. They are not injured while doing something of their own free will, like going for a walk on a Sunday morning. When a man is doing something under a contract made with his employer, he is then considered to have a right to a special level of benefit. One hon. Member opposite said that, in respect of some collieries, there were insurance companies which covered men from their homes to the colliery and back again. I see the difficulty of doing that. If a man stops the bus, or gets off his bicycle, outside a public house, and goes inside, someone may throw a bottle and he may get injured. Would he then be covered?
  Mr. Ivor Owen Thomas: Would not an accident of that kind be considered extraneous to the man's proceeding to duty?
  5.30 p.m.
  Mr. Eccles: Supposing a man who has to go to work in the early morning to fulfil his normal contract, goes to a bus stop and an accident occurs before he gets on to a public vehicle, it would be very hard to justify not giving that man compensation when if the bus had a notice on it that it was hired by his employer, he would be covered. This is a most untidy Clause and does not do what the House would like it to do. I can only ask the Government to think again and amend it in such a way that both sides of the House will be satisfied that we are doing a good job.
  Mr. James Griffiths: We discussed this matter very thoroughly in Committee and have carefully considered it since. It is not an easy matter; it has a history. The question arose under the existing Workmen's Compensation Act and, as a matter of fact, Clause 9 was produced first by the right hon. Gentleman the Member for North Leeds (Mr. Peake) who has asked his hon. Friend the Member for Torquay (Mr. C. Williams) to vote against it.
  Mr. Peake: I am not asking any of my hon. Friends to vote against the Clause. I am only asking them to vote against the right hon. Gentleman's Amendment to the Clause.
  Mr. Griffiths: I cannot spend more time trying to heal the difference between the
  842
  Front and Back Benches of the Tory Party. Clause 9 is intended to deal with workmen who are travelling as passengers to and from work in certain conditions. If a person is travelling as the driver of a vehicle, then he is a worker and that is his work, and he is covered under the Clause.
  Mr. Turner-Samuels: Supposing a man sets out as a passenger and, without the direction of his employer, takes over the driving of the vehicle for. some good reason, does he then cease to become a passenger and to be covered by this Clause?
  Mr. Griffiths: Under the existing Workmen's Compensation Act, when a workman joins a vehicle provided by an employer and is under an obligation to travel by that vehicle, he must be paid compensation if he meets with an accident. If he joins a vehicle owned by the employer, but is not under an obligation to travel by it, he would not be entitled to compensation. Under Clause 9 it was intended to remove that. Therefore, in Clause 9 we say:
  "An accident happening while an insured person is, with the express or implied permission of his employer, travelling by any vehicle to or from his place of work shall, notwithstanding that he is under no obligation to his employer to travel by that vehicle, be deemed to arise out of and in the course of his employment…
  and the workman will get compensation. In other words, if the vehicle is provided by the man's employer and he travels by that vehicle with the implied consent of the employer and an accident happens, he will get compensation under this Bill.
  Mr. S. Silverman: Unless it is a bicycle.
  Mr. Griffiths: I have listened to every speech and I should like to be allowed to make my reply. Therefore, we have extended the protection to this kind of accident. Now we are asked to extend it still further, but no one has suggested where to draw the line. Is it suggested that if a workman is provided by his employer with a bicycle, he should then be compensated, but that if he is not provided with a bicycle, he shall not? The matter is open to all kinds of difficulties and anomalies. An anomaly of this kind is bound to arise so long as there are two schemes, one dealing with industrial injuries and one with accidents. I hope we

  843
  shall be able to unite the two schemes at some time in the future. But, until that occurs, we have to draw the line somewhere. We have extended the provision as outlined in Clause 9 to cover those who travel as passengers on vehicles provided by employers even where there is no definite obligation for them so to travel. If we go beyond that, we shall get into greater difficulties and create greater anomalies.
  For those reasons we have decided to make this a Clause which deals with workers travelling as passengers on a vehicle provided by an employer in the circumstances described in Clause 9. We have looked at it very carefully indeed and have tried to provide for all variants and possibilities. We have endeavoured to make the dividing line the place where a risk becomes an industrial risk and not one shared by all other members of the public. Therefore, I hope the House will accept this Amendment. There is one other point which my hon. and learned Friend the Solicitor-General said I would deal with. Pit-head baths are part of the

  Division No. 79.]

  AYES.

  5.40 p.m.

  Adams, H. R. (Balham)

  Cobb, F. A.

  Hicks, G.

  Adams, W. T. (Hammersmith, South)

  Cocks, F. S.

  Hobson, C. R.

  Adamson, Mrs. J. L.

  Collick, P.

  Holman, P.

  Allighan, Garry

  Collindridge, F.

  House, G.

  Alpass, J. H.

  Cooper, WingComdr. G.

  Hoy, J.

  Anderson, F. (Whitehaven)

  Corlett, Dr. J.

  Hubbard, T.

  Attewell, H. C.

  Cove, W. G.

  Hudson, J. H. (Ealing, W.)

  Austin, H. L.

  Daggar, G.

  Irving, W. J.

  Ayles, W. H.

  Daines, P.

  Janner, B.

  Ayrton Gould, Mrs. B.

  Davies, Edward (Burslem)

  Jones, D. T. (Hartlepools)

  Bacon, Miss A.

  Davies, Harold (Leek)

  Jones, Asterley (Hitchin)

  Baird, Capt. J.

  Davies, Haydn (St. Pancras, S.W.)

  Keenan, W.

  Balfour, A.

  Davies, R. J. (Westhoughton)

  Kenyon, C.

  Barstow, P. G.

  de Freitas, Geoffrey

  Kinley, J.

  Barton, C.

  Dodds, N. N.

  Lang, G.

  Battley, J. R.

  Douglas, F. C. R.

  Lee, F. (Hulme)

  Bechervaise, A. E.

  Driberg, T. E. N.

  Levy, B. W.

  Benson, G.

  Dumpleton, C. W.

  Lewis, A. W. J.(Upton)

  Berry, H.

  Edelman, M.

  Lewis, J. (Bolton)

  Beswick, Fit.-Lieut. F.

  Evans, E. (Lowestoft)

  Lindgren, G. S.

  Binns, J.

  Evans, S. N. (Wednesbury)

  Lipton, Lt.-Col. M.

  Blackburn, Capt. A. R.

  Fletcher, E. G. M. (Islington, E.)

  Longden, F.

  Blenkinsop, Capt. A.

  Gaitskell, H. T. N.

  McAdam, W.

  Blyton, W. R.

  Gallacher, W.

  McEntee, V. La T.

  Bottomley, A. G.

  George, Lady M. Lloyd (Anglesey)

  McGhee, H. G.

  Bowden, Flg.-Offr. H. W.

  Gilzean, A.

  Mack, J. D.

  Bowles, F. G. (Nuneaton)

  Glanville, J. E. (Consett)

  McKay, J. (Wallsend)

  Braddock, Mrs. E. M. (L'p'l, Exch'ge)

  Gooch, E. G.

  Maclean, N. (Govan)

  Brooks, T. J. (Rothwell)

  Goodrich, H. E.

  McLeavy, F.

  Brown, George (Belper)

  Greenwood, Rt. Hon. A.

  McNeil, H.

  Brown, T. J. (Ince)

  Grenfell, D. R.

  Macpherson, T. (Romford)

  Brown, W. J. (Rugby)

  Grey, C. F.

  Mainwaring, W.H.

  Bruce, Maj. D. W. T.

  Grierson, E.

  Mallalieu, J. P. W.

  Burden, T. W.

  Griffiths, D. (Rother Valley)

  Manning, C. (Camberwell, N.)

  Burke, W. A.

  Griffiths, Rt. Hon. J. (Llanelty)

  Manning, Mrs. L. (Epping)

  Butler, H. W. (Hackney, S.)

  Guy, W. H.

  Martin, J. H.

  Chamberlain, R. A.

  Haire, Flt.-Lieut. J. (Wycombe)

  Mathers, G.

  Champion, A. J.

  Hale, Leslie

  Mayhew, C. P.

  Chater, D.

  Hall, W. G. (Colne Valley)

  Messer, F. '

  Clitherow, Dr. R.

  Hannan, W. (Maryhill)

  Montague, F.

  Cluse, W. S.

  Hastings, Dr. Somerville

  Moody, A. S.

  premises in every case, and they will be covered. I have not been able to think of a definition or a line of demarcation satisfactory to everybody in this matter, but we are trying to do our best and I am satisfied it is the best we can do.
  Mr. Ivor Owen Thomas: Could it not be rightly interpreted that an accident sustained by a man proceeding to or from his employment is really something that arises out of his employment and therefore makes him subject to benefit under this Bill?
  Mr. Griffiths: I have considered that very carefully. In the majority of cases, workmen go to. work by public vehicles. Supposing two men board a bus, one to go to work and the other somewhere else, and both are killed, there is bound to be a distinction. Whatever is done there are bound to be anomalies. It has been found impossible to find a dividing line elsewhere.
  Question put, "That those words be there inserted in the Bill."
  The House divided: Ayes, 22a; Noes, 98.

  Morgan, Dr. H. B.

  Robertson, J. J. (Berwick)

  Tolley, L.

  Morley, R.

  Royle, C.

  Tomlinson, Rt. Hon. G.

  Morris, Lt.-Col. H. (Sheffield, C.)

  Sargood, R.

  Turner-Samuels, M.

  Morris, P. (Swansea, W.)

  Shawcross, C. N. (Widnes)

  Usborne, Henry

  Morris, Hopkin (Carmarlhen)

  Shawcross, Sir H. (St. Helens)

  Vernon, Maj. W. F.

  Morrison, Rt. Hon. H. (Lewisham, E.)

  Shurmer, P.

  Viant, S. P.

  Moyle, A.

  Silverman, J. (Erdington)

  Wadsworth, G.

  Murray, J. D.

  Simmons, C. J.

  Walkden, E.

  Nally, W.

  Skeffington-Lodge, T. C

  Wallace, G. D. (Chislehurst)

  Naylor, T. E.

  Skinnard, F. W.

  Wallace, H. W. (Walthamstow, E.)

  Neal, H. (Claycrsss)

  Smith, Capt. C. (Colchester)

  Warbey, W. N.

  Nichol, Mrs. M. E. (Bradford, N.)

  Smith, Ellis (Stoke)

  Webb, M. (Bradford, C.)

  Noel-Baker, Capt. F. E. (Brentford)

  Smith, H. N. (Nottingham, S)

  Weitzman, D.

  Noel-Buxton, Lady

  Smith, T. (Normanton)

  Wells, W. T. (Walsall)

  O'Brien, T.

  Snow, Capt. J. W.

  White, H. (Derbyshire, N.E.)

  Oldfield, W. H.

  Solley, L. J.

  Whiteley, Rt. Hon. W.

  Orbach, M.

  Soskice, Maj. Sir F.

  Wilcock, Group-Capt. C. A. B.

  Paget, R. T.

  Sparks, J. A.

  Wilkes, Maj. L.

  Paling, Will T. (Dewsbury)

  Stamford, W.

  Wilkins, W. A.

  Palmer, A. M F.

  Steele, T.

  Willey, F. T. (Sunderland)

  Parkin, Flt.-Lieut. B. T.

  Stewart, Capt. Michael (Fulham, E.)

  Willey, O. G. (Cleveland)

  Paton, Mrs. F. (Rushcliffe)

  Stross, Dr. B.

  Williams, D. J. (Neath)

  Pearson, A.

  Stubbs, A. E.

  Williams, J. L. (Kelvingrove)

  Perrins, W.

  Swingler, Capt. S.

  Williams, W. R. (Heston)

  Piratin, P.

  Taylor, H. B. (Mansfield)

  Williamson, T.

  Popplewell, E.

  Taylor, R. J. (Morpeth)

  Willis, E.

  Porter, E. (Warrington)

  Taylor, Dr. S. (Barnet)

  Wilson, J. H.

  Porter, G. (Leeds)

  Thomas, I. O. (Wrekin)

  Wise, Major F. J.

  Ranger, J.

  Thomas, John R. (Dover)

  Young, Sir R. (Newton)

  Rees-Williams, Lt.-Col. D. R.

  Thomas, George (Cardiff)

  Younger, Maj. Hon. K. G.

  Reeves, J.

  Thorneycroft, H.

  Zilliacus, K.

  Reid, T. (Swindon)

  Thurtle, E.

  Ridealgh, Mrs. M.

  Tiffany, S.

  TELLERS FOR THE AYES

  Roberts, Goronwy (Caernarvonshire)

  Titterington, M. F.

  Captain Bing and Mr. J. Henderson

  NOES

  Amory, D. Heathcoat

  Hare, Lieut-Col. Hn. J. H. (W'dbge)

  Pitman, I. J.

  Assheton, Rt. Hon. R.

  Harvey, Air-Comdre. A. V.

  Ponsonby, Col. C. E.

  Baxter, A. B.

  Hinchingbrooke, Viscount

  Prescott, W. R. S.

  Beamish, Maj. T. V. H.

  Hope, Lord J.

  Prior-Palmer, Brig. O.

  Boothby, R.

  Howard, Hon. A.

  Raikes, H. V.

  Boyd-Carpenter, Maj. J. A.

  Jeffreys, General Sir G

  Roberts, Maj. P. G. (Ecclesall)

  Bracken, Rt. Hon. Brendan

  Keeling, E. H.

  Robertson, Sir D. (Streatham)

  Braithwaite, Lt.-Comdr. J. G.

  Lambert, Hon. G.

  Robinson, Wing.Comdr. Roland

  Bromley-Davenport, Lt.-Col. W.

  Law, Rt. Hon. R. K.

  Ropner, Col. L.

  Buchan-Hepburn, P. G. T.

  Legge-Bourke, Maj. E. A. H.

  Ross, Sir R.

  Bullock, Capt. M.

  Lindsay Lt.-Col. M. (Solihull)

  Shephard, S. (Newark)

  Butcher, H. W.

  Lipson, D. L.

  Smiles, Lt.-Col. Sir W.

  Carson, E.

  Lloyd, Brig. J. S. B. (Wirral)

  Smithers, Sir W.

  Challen, Flt.-Lieut. C.

  Low, Brig. A. R. W.

  Spearman, A. C. M.

  Clifton-Brown, Lt.-Col. G

  Lucas-Tooth, Sir H.

  Stanley, Rt. Hon. O.

  Conant, Maj. R. J. E.

  MacAndrew, Col. Sir C.

  Stewart, J. Henderson (Fife, E.)

  Cooper-Key, E. M.

  Macdonald, Capt. Sir P. (I of Wight)

  Stuart, Rt. Hon. J.

  Crookshank, Capt. Rt. Hon. H. F. C.

  Mackeson, Lt.-Col. H. R

  Sutcliffe, H.

  Crosthwaite-Eyre, Col. O. E.

  Macmillan, Rt. Hon. Harold

  Taylor, C. S. (Eastbourne)

  Cuthbert, W. N.

  Macpherson, Maj. N. (Dumfries)

  Taylor, Vice-Adm. E. A. (P'dd't'n,S.)

  Darling, Sir W. Y.

  Maitland, Comdr. J. W.

  Thorneycroft, G. E. P.

  Digby, Maj. S. W.

  Marlowe, A. A. H.

  Thornton-Kemsley, Col. C. N.

  Dower, Lt.-Col. A. (Penrith)

  Marples, Capt. A. E.

  Vane, Lieut-Col. W. M. T.

  Drewe, C.

  Marshall, Comdr. D. (Bodmin)

  Walker-Smith, D.

  Duthie, W. S.

  Maude, J. C.

  Ward, Hon. G. R.

  Eccles, D. M.

  Mellor, Sir J.

  Watt, Sir G. S. Harvie

  Erroll, Col. F. J.

  Molson, A. H. E.

  White, J. B. (Canterbury)

  Fletcher, W. (Bury)

  Morrison, Rt. Hn. W. S. (Cirencester)

  Williams, C. (Torquay)

  Foster, J. G. (Northwich)

  Neven-Spence, Major Sir B.

  Williams, Gerald (Tonbridge)

  Fox, Sqn.-Ldr. Sir G.

  Nicholson, G.

  Young, Sir A. S. L. (Partick)

  Fraser, Maj. H. C. P. (Stone)

  Nutting, Anthony

  Gammans, Gapt. L. D.

  O'Neill, Rt. Hon. Sir H.

  TELLERS FOR THE NOES

  Grimston, R. V.

  Peake, Rt. Hon. O.

  Mr. Studholme and

  Hannon, Sir P. (Moseley)

  Peto, Brig. C. H. M.

  Commander Agnew

  CLAUSE 10.—(Accidents happening while meeting emergency.)
  The Solicitor-General: I beg to move, on page 6, line 11, leave out "used," and insert:
  "at which he is for the time being employed."
  Hon. Members will remember that Clause 10 was very fully discussed in the
  846
  Committee when hon. Members on both sides were apprehensive about the case of workmen who go to the rescue of their friends when not actually on the premises on which they are employed. For example, we were given the case of workmen working at roof repairing and one going to the rescue of the other when he was about to

  847
  fall off the roof, and so on. The Amendment on the Order Paper is designed to provide for that position. It means that a workman who incurs injury when acting in an emergency shall be brought within the cover of the Act, even if he incurs that injury while not on the premises of his employer. That was the case which was discussed, and it was desired to bring it within the ambit of the cover. The result will now be that in such a case as that instanced a workman who, while working on some premises outside the premises of his employer, goes to the rescue of a companion who is in danger will be within the ambit of the cover, notwithstanding that the accident or emergency takes place not on the premises on which the workman is employed.
  Mr. Peake: This Amendment is most satisfactory to my hon. Friends on this side of the House. It seems to indicate, taken with the three following Amendments that my right hon. Friend has tried seriously to meet points of importance raised during the Committee stage. It also seems to indicate that he pays more attention to arguments advanced from this side of the House than he does to arguments advanced from behind him.
  Mr. Lee: Might I say a word of welcome to the Amendment which my hon. and learned Friend has moved? One recalls that in the Standing Committee it was pointed out that in what was then Clause 9, now Clause 10, the original wording certainly debarred many thousands of workmen, who are very seldom employed on or about the premises of their employer, from benefiting under this Clause. It was argued at that time that it was altogether unjust and unfair that a man, merely because he was engaged in a type of employment where persons contracted, and therefore whose main function whilst employed was away from the buildings and land which were owned by the employer, should be treated in a different manner from people who were employed in a static position on certain buildings. The insertion of the Amendment will certainly remedy that position. I merely rose to welcome this Amendment and to offer my hon. And learned Friend my very sincere thanks as I had something to do with bringing this matter to his notice.
  Mr. Stephen: I would like to join in thanking the Minister for this Amendment. I am glad that on this occasion he has seen fit to widen the scope. I am only sorry he does not sufficiently widen the scope as to include all accidents so that there would be full provision whenever a person has an accident.
  Amendment agreed to.
  The Solicitor-General: I beg to move, in page 6, line 14, at end, insert "succour."
  The Clause reads: "to rescue or protect persons" who are in a position of danger. If we add the word "succour," so that it reads "to rescue, succour or protect," the ambit of the Clause is widened. There may be many cases in which a workman is injured when he can be said to be bringing help to persons who are in peril, but when he cannot fairly be said to be either actually rescuing or protecting them. For example, suppose a wall collapsed upon workmen who became trapped underneath, if a workman climbed underneath it to give them something to alleviate their pain, or something of that sort, he would be succouring them although he would not be rescuing them or protecting them. The Amendment widens the scope of the cover.
  Mr. C. Williams: I would like to thank the hon. and learned Gentleman for the kindly way in which he has moved this Amendment. The Government have done well and have not shown the arbitrary nature which the Minister showed just now when he refused to allow some of us to take part in the Debate. Apart from the humanity of widening the Clause with this Amendment, may I also congratulate him on using a word which is not often found in Bills, the word "succour"? It is a first-class word, and I feel sure that it is copied from one of the speeches of my right hon. Friend the Member for Woodford (Mr. Churchill) It is a great thing to see the Government, on the occasion of a Bill of this kind, using a really good English word rather than deviating into one of those queer Civil Service terms containing probably 15 or 20 letters with five or six syllables, and nothing like as good as the word the Government have brought in. I congratulate the Government on a little star of good sense.
  Amendment agreed to.
  The Solicitor-General: I beg to move, page 6, line 16, leave out "seriously."
  When this Clause was being discussed on the Committee stage a number of hon. Members expressed the desire that that word should come out because it seemed to be an unnecessary limitation and seemed to exclude the case of a person who was going to the aid of somebody in danger when it could not be said that he was seriously in danger or seriously in peril. This again widens the scope of the Clause.
  Mr. Peake: I would again like to express our deep sense of obligation to the hon. and learned Gentleman for meeting a point which we raised on the Committee stage.
  Amendment agreed to.
  6 p.m.
  The Solicitor-General: I beg to move, in page 6, line 16, leave out from the second "or," to the end of the Clause, and insert:
  " to avert or minimise serious damage to property."
  This Amendment is of a consequential nature. As the Clause stands, it reads:
  "or minimise serious harm whether to persons or property."
  We propose to take out the words "to persons," with the result that the Clause will apply only to serious damage to property.
  Amendment agreed to.
  CLAUSE 11.(Injury benefit.)
  Mr. James Griffiths: I beg to move, in page 6, line 22, at end, insert:
  "Provided that, subject to the provisions of this Act, an insured person shall not be entitled to injury benefit in respect of the first three such days, unless as the result of the relevant injury he is incapable of work during the said period on not less than twelve days."
  In the original text of the Bill there was a provision for three waiting days, subject to a payment from the first day if the incapacity lasted for 24 days or more. An Amendment was proposed in the Standing Committee to delete that provision, and although I indicated that I could not accept the Amendment, it was carried. I indicated the reasons why I asked the Committee not to press the Amendment to a Division, and not to accept it. One was that we were at that time considering the National Insurance
  850
  Bill, and obviously in a scheme of this kind, closely linked with the other, it was desirable that whatever provision was made should apply both to the National Insurance Bill and the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Bill. I indicated that if we left out the Clause requiring waiting days from both this and the other Bill, a single day of sickness or incapacity would count for benefit, which would put us into the difficulty that we had no actual sound estimate as to what it would cost. In a scheme of this kind an estimate of cost is desirable, for we have to provide for it by contributions—this is an insurance scheme and has to be actuarially sound. Our second reason was that we had no estimate of the cost of administration, except that it would be very considerable. As a result, we came to the conclusion that, whereas an improvement was desirable, it was both impracticable, and in our view not the best way, to use whatever money we had to make provision of that kind.
  The Amendment which 1 am moving proposes to replace the provision for waiting days which was taken out of the Bill, with two important modifications. The first is that a period of 12 days is substituted for 24 days, and the second is that the 12 days need not be continuous. In this Amendment we say that if 12 days or more are lost as a result of the injury in the injury benefit period—which is 26 weeks—there will be payment from the first day. That is in line with what we have done in the National Insurance Bill, where we have made a similar provision. The period is different, because in that Bill there is a period of 13 weeks, whereas here it is 26 weeks. We did not wish to incorporate the 13 weeks' period in this Bill, having decided upon an injury benefit period of 26 weeks.
  During the Committee stage I was asked by hon. Gentlemen opposite, in connection with any proposal of this kind, whether I could give an estimate of the cost. We estimate that the cost of this will be an additional£300,000 per annum, over and above the cost if we had reinserted the original provision in the Bill. This, I think, is the best way out of the problem. We have now made reasonable provision, both in the National Insurance Bill and in this Bill, and the provisions are of a like character. I

  851
  therefore hope that this Amendment will commend itself to the House and be accepted.
  Mr. Stephen: I am sorry that the Minister is not leaving the Bill as it is in this respect. I listened to what he said with regard to the necessity to co-ordinate it with the other Bill, but from my experience in this House in days gone by, this question of the waiting period has always worried people who represent working-class constituencies. I cannot for the life of me see why, if a person has an accident and is off for six days, he should not be paid for the first three days. To me it is quite irrational, and rather than put it in this Bill because it is in the National Insurance Bill, I would say that it would be far better to take it out of the National Insurance Bill, so as to make that the same as this is at present. Let us do away with this waiting period of three days. Why should a person who is injured have this penalty imposed upon him? Why should he be without income for the first three days of his illness, when he needs the money more than usual to help him to overcome his illness? I appeal to the Minister and to the Government that, having begun on this improvement on our social services, they should remove this thing which has always hit the working people in the most difficult circumstances. They should remove this injustice from our social insurance. I hope the Minister will reconsider this matter and not insist on any waiting period.
  Mr. Blyton: I am not unappreciative of the sentiments expressed by the hon. Gentleman opposite, but as one who voted against the Government in the Standing Committee, I feel that the Minister has at least attempted to arrive at a compromise between the two divergent views. The Bill previously laid down specifically that it was 24 days before the applicant could recover for his waiting days. Under this compromise, which has gone further than we anticipated, a loss of 12 days in 13 weeks will mean the recovery of the first waiting days. If a man has a second accident within the period of 13 weeks the three waiting days in respect of his first accident will carry him over into the period of his second accident, for which he will immediately receive benefit. I
  852
  think the Minister ought to be complimented on the compromise embodied in this Amendment.
  Mr. Peake: This is an important Amendment. The question of the waiting days is, I think, one of the most important questions raised by this Bill and by the National Insurance Bill. It has a very long history. The first Workmen's Compensation Act provided for no payment of compensation during the first fortnight of disability. That was amended in 1906, when the period of waiting was reduced to seven days, but there was a proviso that after 14 days disability a claimant could recover in respect of the first seven days. Experience of the 1906 provision, as was shown in the evidence given to the Holman Gregory Committee just after the last war, was that it did induce a certain amount of malingering. If, by staying off work for a very short period between the seventh and fourteenth days, a man could recover the full 14 days' compensation, there was a very big inducement to remain off work past the fourteenth day. As a result of that the Holman Gregory Committee reported in favour of three waiting days for everybody, but with no recovery of the compensation in respect of those waiting days. The Government, when they came to legislate, introduced the rule now in force, that is to say, three waiting days with recovery of payment in respect of those days if the disability lasts beyond the twenty-eighth day.
  The right hon. Gentleman embodied in his Bill the same terms as the Coalition Bill upon this matter, which was three waiting days with recovery of the compensation after 28 days disability. That proposal was defeated in Standing Committee by his own supporters, and the Minister obviously had to face up to a very difficult position, in consequence. I think that the proposal which he now makes, that is to say, three waiting days with recovery of compensation in respect of them if the disability runs beyond the twelfth day, is a reasonable one. I do not think it will have the ill-effects which the Act of 1906 had in this respect. I do not think very many workmen will be induced by the prospect of recovering three days' compensation to stay off work longer than is absolutely necessary.
  At the same time, I am a little concerned whether the Minister is, in fact,

  853
  making the same provision under this Bill that he is making in respect of sickness and unemployment under the National Insurance Bill. The Minister explained in Standing Committee that what he is doing in this Bill is to reduce the waiting days in the existing law from three days to two, because it is proposed that the day of the accident shall count as one of the waiting days; and, therefore, if an accident occurs late in a man's shift, he will in fact have only two days in respect of which he cannot obtain any insurance benefit. In the main Insurance Bill, of which we had the Second Reading Debate quite recently, the proposals with regard to waiting days are as follows—I read from Clause 11, Subsection (1, i)—
  "a person shall not be entitled to either benefit for the first three days of any period of interruption of employment.…"
  The expression "a day of interruption of employment "is denned lower down as meaning
  "a day which is a day of unemployment or of incapacity for work.…."
  So that if a man is sick, then a day of interruption of employment, of which he is to have three before he can draw any benefit, means a day in which he is incapable of work in respect of sickness. Then there is a further proviso in Subsection (3):
  " Regulations may make provision.…as to the days which are or are not to be treated for the purposes of unemployment benefit and sickness benefit as days of unemployment or incapacity for work."
  We have got a fairly complicated set-out in the new Bill as to what are and are not to be treated as waiting days. The whole House will agree that it is extremely important that the same principles should apply, as the Minister said in his opening statement, to industrial disability, to sickness, and to unemployment. I should like to be reassured from the Front Bench before we part with this Amendment that whatever Regulations are necessary under the main Bill will make it quite clear that the same provisions will apply in that Bill as will apply under the Industrial Injuries Insurance Bill; because it is quite clear that there will be a vast amount of indignation and disappointment if the man on industrial injuries benefit has only two waiting days, whereas a man on sickness benefit has to undergo three. Subject to that point being made clear, I am dis-
  854
  posed to accept the solution of this difficult problem which the Minister propounds in his new Amendment.
  6.15 p.m.
  Mr. C. Williams: I should like to support my right hon. Friend in his plea to the Minister to try to co-ordinate the position in regard to the 12 days as between this Bill and the other Bill. I should like to emphasise that because, in his opening remarks, there seemed to be something about an episode upstairs. As he raised the matter and did not finish it off, I think some Member of the Government might reassure us on the position as between the two Bills. I gather that there has been a spot of trouble about all this— not, as I understand it, here, but somewhere else, and I congratulate the Minister on the way he has got over it. If we can get together among the leading parties and try to make the law clearer in this respect of the waiting period, I think we shall be on the right path. I should like to say a word about the hon. Member who represents the I.L.P. in the House. He is naturally a good attender, unlike the Communist Member. He has to quarrel from time to time with the Government, as is only quite natural, and so far as I am concerned I do not mind so long as it does not lead to others on the other side following him on this particular Amendment.
  Mr. Attewell: I should not have intervened had it not been for the fact that an hon. Member on the opposite side attempted to link up the waiting period with the waiting period for sickness under the main Bill. I regret that there is a waiting period at all. My mind goes back to the original Bill. I believe that is the only point that has never been satisfactorily settled out of the six or seven points that raged in this country, and about which the friendly societies and trade unions took a leading part. The majority of trade unions, I believe, pay the benefit. The only objection to the first day is one of administration, and even that objection passes away once you pay sickness benefit or disablement benefit. I speak as one who has ' spent many years in this sort of administration. Whilst it is necessary to have two or three days in order to make up the books, once you have credited a person with an amount to be received the administration difficulties pass to one side.

  855
  I can understand, of course, the Minister talking about the actuarial point of view so far as the amount of money is concerned.
  I think that would have been legitimate had the position been as it was before in which the whole cost rested on the employer. But under these circumstances we are paying, and because we are paying, bearing in mind the thousands of pounds saved to the employer, I think it ought to be possible to pay for the first day of incapacity. The idea that there may be malingering so far as sickness benefit is concerned may be accepted for the purposes of this Amendment. It may be that a workman does not feel quite equal to his task, and he hesitates whether he will go sick or not. He probably decides to remain at his work because of the low standard of sickness benefit. He cannot afford to go sick. There is no doubt, however, in the workman's mind as to whether he shall attempt to malinger so far as an accident is concerned. It is impossible for the workman to become a malingerer by declaring that he is a disabled person until the accident happens. While congratulating the Minister, I feel that he ought to have gone the "whole hog" and not have been governed, as he appears to have been, by the conclusions of the Coalition Government.
  Mr. Rhys Davies: I intervene just to emphasise the point raised by my hon. Friend. The Minister, I am sure, and hon. Members too, will be aware that when you try to co-ordinate the same period for sickness as for injury you are immediately up against a difficulty. An accident occurs in a moment of time and you know it. There are thousands of people in this country, on the other hand, especially those entitled to full wages during sickness, who cannot tell—not a single Member of this House of Commons can tell—when sickness actually begins. Consequently, the two things differ in that respect. My experience has been that thousands of insured persons do not claim on the funds immediately they feel ill; they think that they may be well in a day or two and never declare on the funds at all. But when one meets with an accident that is a different proposition.
  I would like to say a word in passing as to malingering. I want to pay tribute
  856
  to our people as a whole; my experience has been—I have administered these schemes for a number of years—that you can always rely on 98 per cent. of them to play the game towards these schemes. Indeed, if there were as much malingering as is sometimes alleged the funds could not possibly stand the pressure. I suggest again, if you try to co-ordinate these periods you must not compare an accident with sickness.
  Mr. James Griffiths: With the leave of the House, I would like to refer to one or two points which have been raised. The right hon. Gentleman opposite asked whether I could make certain provisions in this Bill and those of another Bill exactly similar. I do not think that I can. In the industrial injuries scheme we have a well defined period. The period of injury benefit is 26 weeks, and I thought that, on the whole, it was better to leave untouched its injury benefit period 26 weeks and make the 12 days continuous within that period. I think that the hon. Member for Westhoughton (Mr. Rhys Davies) has answered the point as to the difficulty of counting the first day of sickness for benefit. With regard to accidents, I said let us count the day of the accident as the first waiting day. In some industries, the day of the accident is counted as the first waiting day—if it is before noon it counts; if it is after noon, it does not. There are all kinds of variation, and I could see great difficulties in administering a scheme of this kind, which has to be applied generally. I came to the conclusion that the simplest way was to say that the day of the accident is a waiting day in all cases. I think that we have made a real attempt to coordinate both schemes so far as that is practicable.
  Amendment agreed to.
  Mr. James Griffiths: I beg to move, in page 6, line 33, after "be", insert:
  "as follows, that is to say:

  (a)for a period during which he is between the ages of seventeen and eighteen, thirty-three shillings and nine pence; and,

  (b)for a period during which he is under the age of seventeen,"

  This Amendment is to provide a new age group with the new benefits. Those between 17 and 18 years of age will get 75 per cent. of adult benefit, instead of one-half, that is to say,33s. 9d. I

  857
  promised to do this in consideration of the very strong claims which were put to me. This is intended to cover the very large numbers of boys and girls of this age who are doing adult work.
  Amendment agreed to.
  CLAUSE 12.—(Disablement benefit.)
  Major Boyd-Carpenter: I beg to move, in page 8, line 36, at end, insert:
  Provided that disabilities shall in no case be assessed higher than similar disabilities are assessed under the Royal Warrant concerning pensions for members of His Majesty's Forces for the time being in force."
  6.30 p.m.
  There is a considerable amount of disquiet, which is not by any means confined to one side of the House, as to the relative and, indeed, absolute position of the Service pensioner under the Royal Warrant, as compared with a civilian under the present Bill and other social legislation. I would make it clear that it is not the intention behind this Amendment in any way to limit or curtail the benefits obtained by civilians under this Bill. What it is desired to do is to express the anxiety that is felt, that beneficiaries. under the Royal Warrant are getting relatively less than a square deal. The Amendment, in terms, deals with the schedule of assessment of disability, and it is obvious that if the same injury is assessed at a lower percentage under the Royal Warrant than it is under this Bill, the beneficiaries under the Royal Warrant will be in a substantially worse position than the civilian. Comparisons are proverbially odious, and I do not desire to enter into any comparisons of the merits of persons injured in industry and persons injured in the Services in time of war. Perhaps one may say, however, that if there is one class of men for whom this House has a greater responsibility than for any other, it is the men injured in war. After all, under our present methods of conducting a war such men in 99 cases out of 100 have no option as to whether they serve or not. The State compels them to serve and to run those risks.
  Therefore, I say it is very much the responsibility of this House to see that such men are in no degree worse treated than are casualties in civilian life, and it is because a good many of my hon. Friends do feel that such men are, to some extent, being a little lost sight of, when compared with the casualties of industry
  858
  that this Amendment has been put on the Order Paper. When the Bill was in Standing Committee some discussion took place on this point and, if I may say so with due respect, the Minister and Parliamentary Secretary tended to brush the matter aside as being no concern of theirs. It may be, from a strictly departmental point of view, that there is force in that contention, but, as both the Minister and the Parliamentary Secretary represent the Government, it is the right of the House to ensure that the beneficiaries under the Royal Warrant are no worse treated than beneficiaries under this Bill. It is not right and proper for the Minister to slide out of it and say, "This is the responsibility of some other Department," because it remains a responsibility of this House to ensure that there shall be no undue disadvantage to the beneficiaries under the Royal Warrant, from the fact that the Ministers responsible for them are, perhaps, less energetic, less forcible, or less competent than the Minister of National Insurance and his Parliamentary Secretary in looking after the interest of those for whom they are departmentally responsible. I hope it may be possible for the Parliamentary Secretary or the Minister, if he returns, to give us some assurances on the intentions of the Government. I hope he will not fall back on the plea that this would involve legislation because it would involve nothing of the sort. The Royal Warrant is a prerogative matter and the Government can amend it—
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker (Major Milner): I am afraid that it is not relevant to the discussion to suggest any alteration in the Royal Warrant.
  Major Boyd-Carpenter: With all respect I was not doing so. I was anticipating a possible argument that might be put forward that the effect of this Amendment would be to limit the benefits to be obtained under this Bill, and I was pointing out with respectful submission that it was relevant to argue that this Amendment would not limit the benefits because it would always be open to the Government to prevent that by amending the Royal Warrant.
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker:I must point out that any suggestion made involving increases in pensions granted under the Royal Warrant is out of Order.
  Mr. Quintin Hogg: On that point of Order. With great respect I

  859
  would point out that my hon. and gallant Friend was not, in effect asking for an increase in the pensions at all, but was showing what the procedure would be if the Amendment were carried. He was arguing that if the Amendment was carried, it would be open to the Government to modify the Royal Warrant by prerogative. My hon. and gallant Friend was showing the procedure which would be involved, and in my humble submission it is absolutely relevant and essential that that should be done, because if it were not done, I submit, the Government might properly complain of being put in a situation which in certain circumstances might arise, if we had not provided for it in the Amendment.
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker: I would remind the hon. Gentleman that certainly by inference, the hon. and gallant Member for Kingston-upon-Thames (Major Boyd-Carpenter) proposed increases in pensions under the Royal Warrant. If so, that is entirely out of Order on this discussion.
  Major Boyd-Carpenter: I am grateful for your guidance, Mr. Deputy-Speaker and I can only say on this point that if I erred in anticipating an argument which the Parliamentary Secretary might produce—and which I understand now would be out of Order if he did produce it—I apologise to him. There is a serious point in this question in the disparity which increasingly appears between the treatment of casualties in industry and military casualties. In this Bill the Minister has made a number of concessions, many of them most welcome, to the industrial casualties. We have not heard from the Government, of which the hon. Gentleman is an ornament, what is the policy of the Government in regard to military casualties.
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker: I think that suggestion would be quite irrelevant, and in any case by that suggestion the hon. and gallant Gentleman by making it puts the Minister in charge of this Bill in a difficult position, because any such statement would be out of Order.
  Major Boyd-Carpenter: I respectfully agree with your final observation, Mr. Deputy-Speaker, but I would urge that as this matter was ventilated in Standing
  860
  Committee at some considerable length, the Parliamentary Secretary in his reply might give some indication of the Government's attitude towards this Amendment and the ideas embodied in it. I should be very grateful if he would do so.
  Mr. Peake: I beg to second the Amendment.
  I think I had better make it clear to the House what our purpose is in putting this Amendment on the Order Paper. I hope we shall not require to divide the House upon it, because we most sincerely desire to keep the position of Service pensioners as far as possible outside purely party political issues. At the same time, we are concerned and we know there is concern among ex-Servicemen, about the provisions of the Bill and the manifold concessions which have been made during its passage through the House by way of an increase of benefits. I am not going to advocate any provisions made by the Royal Warrant, but so far as it is within the Rules of Order I hope the hon. Gentleman, who replies to the Debate, will be permitted to state what has, in fact, already taken place in regard to the Royal Warrant since we discussed this Bill upstairs in Committee. He might possibly be permitted to indicate the intention of His Majesty's Government to bring the provisions of the Warrant into line with the provisions of the Bill. I hope that he will be allowed to make a statement upon those lines, because there is a depth of feeling in the House—
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker: I do not think the right hon. Member ought to put the-Minister into that position, and as a matter of Order a matter of pensions under the Royal Warrant cannot be raised on this Bill.
  Mr. Peake: I shall abide by your Ruling, Mr. Deputy-Speaker, and I shall not advocate any change in the Royal Warrant. I confine myself to saying there is some concern in the country and in the House in regard to the relationship between the provision for the pensioner under the Bill on the one hand and the ex-Serviceman on the other.
  Mr. Keenan:I should like to ask the right hon. Gentleman, does he not realise that this Amendment limits the provision of pensions, and in so' far as it does so is defeating the object which he has in view?
  Mr. Peake:I did not catch the interruption.
  Mr. Keenan: What I suggest is that the Amendment, which the right hon. Gentleman is seconding, would have the effect of limiting the provisions of the Bill by getting the pensions on a reduced figure and thus defeating the very object he has in mind.
  Mr. Peake: This, of course, is the only form in which this matter can be raised on this Bill. It would be quite out of Order for me to move an Amendment on the Report stage which would increase the burden upon the Exchequer, and therefore, it is the only way in which this important question can be raised.
  Dr. Morgan: Does that refer to and include concessions under the Civil Injuries Scheme?
  Mr. Peake: I do not provide for the Civil Injuries Scheme here although it is relevant to this issue, and we should like to see the Civil Injuries Scheme brought into line with the concessions which have been made in this Bill, and those concessions applied to the victims of the blitz, or enemy action. There is a specific point upon which the Parliamentary Secretary might be able to give the House a little information. He informed us in Committee that in relation to the method of assessment of disability, the question of what the rate of the disability should be—30, 40, 50, 60, or 70 per cent—was to be referred to an interdepartmental Committee, on which would be representatives of the Ministry of Pensions, the Ministry of National Insurance, and the other Ministries concerned with this issue. The purpose of this Committee, he said, would be to see that similar injuries, so far as possible, attracted a similar degree of assessment. That, I think, was about 10 weeks ago, and I invite the hon. Gentleman to tell us a little more, if he can, about the activities of the Committee, when he hopes to receive their Report, and whether the Report will be made public so that we all may be reassured as to the position of ex-Servicemen in relation to benefits which industrial casualties will receive under this Bill.
  Mr. Stephen: I desire to oppose this Amendment. Reference has been made to the fact that its purpose is not quite
  862
  what would appear from the words on the Order Paper. I have been long enough in the House to remember the attitude of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for North Leeds (Mr. Peake) in connection with workmen's compensation, and my recollection is that he could be depended upon to try to limit in any way possible any charge on the employers—
  Mr. Peake: As the hon. Gentleman has referred to me, I would like to tell him that I never spoke on workmen's compensation before I became a Member of the Government, and that then I spoke on it only when introducing three Bills, which increased the rates of workmen's compensation.
  Mr. Stephen: The right hon. Gentleman spoke often enough on Bills that were introduced on this subject by Members of the Labour Party—
  Mr. Peake: Never,
  Mr. Stephen: The right hon. Gentleman spoke on the doctrine of common employment, as well as on workmen's compensation.
  6.45 p.m.
  Mr. Peake: The hon. Gentleman must be confusing me with another Member, or his memory must be at fault-. I never made a speech on the doctrine of common employment, or on workmen's compensation, until I became a member of the Government.
  Mr. Stephen: I am sorry if I have been doing the right hon. Gentleman an injustice, if I have confused him with another Member of the Tory Party. But certainly, when these Measures were brought forward, there were always Members of the Tory Party who were active in trying to restrict benefits for the unemployed who suffered injury during their unemployment. If the Amendment were to raise payments under the Royal Warrant surely it should be obvious to the right hon. Gentleman, with his experience, that this is not the occasion to deal with the Royal Warrant.
  Mr. Speaker: Any question dealing with the Royal Warrant for Service pensions is entirely out of Order. This Amendment deals only with industrial pensions, and not with Forces pensions.
  Mr. Stephen: I do not want to discuss the Royal Warrant, but may I point out, Sir, that the Amendment states:
  " Provided that disabilities shall in no case be assessed higher than similar disabilities are assessed under the Royal Warrant concerning pensions for members of His Majesty's Forces for the time being in force."
  I submit that it is evidently the opinion of certain Members that if the Amendment were accepted some payments under this Bill would have to be reduced. If that is not so, there is no point in the Amendment. Members cannot have it both ways. If the purpose of the Amendment is to see that there shall be equality between ex-Service and industrial cases, the supporters of the Amendment must be concerned about inequalities. Otherwise, they are wasting time. I always feel suspicious when I come across anything like this. If we wish to secure equality between ex-Servicemen and those who suffer industrial disability, this is not the way to do it. What we are concerned with today is to see that the victims of accidents in the workshop shall have decent compensation. Our business today is not with the victims of the war. I hope the Minister will not be led astray with regard to this Amendment. I am sorry I cannot pursue the subject in view of your Ruling, Mr. Speaker, because I would like to show how neglectful the present Opposition were in dealing with the new Royal Warrant, when it was coming into being.
  Mr. Quintin Hogg: I regret that the point of this Amendment should have escaped the understanding of the hon. Member below the Gangway. I should have thought that it was fairly clear. I am bound to say that in my long experience of the many and varied contributions which the hon. Gentleman has made to our Debates, I have never before noticed that he was obtuse in the matter of argument. I cannot help thinking that the explanation is that he is more concerned with making a Party point regarding the motives underlying the Amendment, than applying his mind to discussing this issue. The point is perfectly simple. The object of the Amendment is to secure a relationship between two differing types of payment.
  Mr. Attewell: On the lowest scale.
  Mr. Hogg: I think the hon-. Member will find that he is mistaken. The re-
  864
  lationship desired is one of equality. It is obviously not possible in this Debate, as you, Mr. Speaker, have already ruled, to discuss whether the Royal Warrant itself is excessive or not, having regard to the constitutional position of Private Members of this House. They cannot propose an increase of charge because that is the prerogative of Ministers. Hon. Members can only speak on that, by trying to force a position in which Ministers are compelled to come to the House to exercise their prerogative in that way. They cannot achieve it directly. Indeed it is not possible on any other occasion unless time is given to a Motion to discuss the proposals of the Royal Warrant. The only way in which hon. Members on this side of the House can secure their wish is by doing precisely the thing which this Amendment proposes. It is done by saying that relationship and equality shall exist, and by refraining from saying whether that equality should be achieved by the diminution of the one, or the increase of the other. The motive behind the Amendment has already been described, and anybody who now attempts to misrepresent the motive can only be doing so with the deliberate desire of misleading either this House or the country on what underlies it. I hope that hon. Members will not be under any delusion as to what we mean.
  Mr. Stephen: Is the hon. Member not aware that his hon. Friend who spoke earlier referred to being profoundly disturbed about the inequalities which existed in connection with these schemes, between what the serving soldier is going to get, and what men are getting under the industrial scheme?
  Mr. Hogg: I do not wish to enter into any discussion of what was or was not said, because that will be within the memory of hon. Members. I am submitting that the argument was a perfectly simple one. It was this. What was disturbing the country was not so much any actual inequality which exists, but the continued refusal of the Government, on one pretext or another, to give assurances which would disperse any doubts or anxieties which might happen to arise in any quarter. That, I understand it, was the argument put forward on the Second Reading and in Committee, and which is being presented to the House

  865
  today. I only wish to add, that any misunderstanding that existed originally has now been increased by the failure of the Government to make any satisfactory statement on the matter, and by the inadequacy of the explanations which have been put forward on various occasions. The most inadequate was that put forward by the hon. Gentleman opposite in Committee when he said his Departmental responsibility terminated at the industrial stage and had nothing whatever to do with war pensions. The only answer to that was that the Government should speak as a Government, otherwise we should not get any suggestion of supra-departmental responsibility either.
  The general charge brought against this Amendment is that it does nothing to decrease or limit the amount of compensation which is paid by employers. Of course most of us by this time, after a White Paper Debate, after a Second Reading Debate, and after considerable discussion in Committee, have come to realise that the whole purpose of this Bill is not to put any additional expense on the employers at all, but to provide an insurance scheme whereby the workers will be provided with compensation which would be adequate for their purpose. Therefore, any prejudice of the kind in which the hon. Gentleman is such a past master, which he has been displaying at the present time, and which is based on the situation as it at present exists is as silly as it is unfair.
  Mr. Stephen: Is the hon. Member not aware that if there are a lot of accidents and if the fund becomes insufficient to meet the cost, the employers contribution may be raised?
  Mr. Hogg: That is not the position under the Bill which we are discussing. The contributions from the hon. Member below the Gangway were, are and always will be prejudiced and never will be to the point.
  Mr. Austin: After the plethora of Tory legal talent which has been engaged on this Amendment and the House having listened to all the hon. Members who have endeavoured to assure us about what they intend in this Amendment, I think their intention is perfectly clear from the wording of the Amendment itself.
  866
  "Provided that disabilities shall in no case be assessed higher than similar disabilities.".
  That is how it begins and the last words are:
  "for the time being in force."
  I regret that we cannot refer to the Royal Warrant, but as far as I can see this is a limiting Amendment. If the words are not intended to limit the proposals made under the Bill to those contained in the Royal Warrant, then I do not know what they mean. I must say, having regard to the legal talent which has been engaged on this point, it that is not the meaning of the Amendment, then I do not know why they have troubled to put it on the Paper. I acquit them of any intention to obstruct in this case, although I do not always acquit them of that.
  Mr. Hogg: On a point of Order. Is it in Order for the hon. Member not to acquit hon. Members of any wish to obstruct?
  Mr. Speaker: Obstruction is a charge which hon. Members are not allowed to make.
  Mr. Austin: If I have said anything which is beyond the Rules of Order, I am perfectly willing to withdraw it. There are, however, two other elements on which I wish to say a word or two. One point I would emphasise is that I view this as a deliberate attempt to limit the benefits under the Bill. It is an attempt that we are going to defeat. The other intention on the part of the Opposition, as far as I can see it, is to take unto themselves, as they have done for so long, the role of defenders of the rights of the Services. They are trying to create dissent between the Services and the ranks of the industrial workers. They are going to fail because, for many years now, the party to which I have the honour and privilege to belong, has been the defender of the Services. It is the Labour Party and this Government who are making every endeavour to benefit the Services in every conceivable way. I strongly urge the Government to resist this Amendment.
  7.0 p.m.
  Mr. Henderson Stewart: My name is not down to this Amendment and I am not wedded to its wording, but it strikes me that no man who is honest with himself should be in any difficulty in realising

  867
  what is intended. If it is, in fact, a case of proposing a negative in order to get a positive, let it be so. If, after this Bill becomes law, it is apparent to a Serviceman who has come home and has, for example. lost his sight, that he receives—whatever may be the legal explanations—a smaller pension than the miner who has lost his sight, then a burning sense of injustice will remain in that man's heart.
  Mr. Blyton: May I point out to the hon. Member that a man who is blinded is 1oo per cent. disabled, and therefore gets the full pension?
  Mr. Stewart: There is, unfortunately, a grievously long range of casualties, to soldiers and to workmen, and what I believe it is here desired to do is to ensure that whatever the level of this compensation, it shall be the same whether applied to a servant of the State in the Armed Forces or to those in industry. That, I should have thought, was a proposition with which the whole House would desire to be associated, and if the right hon. Gentleman who is replying to the Debate is unable to accept the actual words of the Amendment, he might give satisfaction to us all if he would give, in specific words, the assurance for which I ask, namely that men injured in the same way, or suffering from the same complaints, whatever their walk of life, shall be compensated both justly and at the same rate. If the right hon. Gentleman is prepared to give that assurance, I and my hon. Friends will be satisfied.
  Mr. Lindgren: I must ask the House to reject this Amendment. In doing so may I call the attention of the hon. and gallant Member for Kingston (Major Boyd-Carpenter) to his assertion—if I understood him correctly—that if any one should be treated with generosity, or if this House had a greater responsibility to any particular person, it was to the Service casualty? On behalf of His Majesty's Government I would point out that there are no favourites where men and women of this country are concerned. They are all members of the community, and will get justice in every section of activity.
  Mjaor Boyd-Carpenter: As the Parliamentary Secretary has quoted me he will, I know, give me credit for saying that the passage which he quoted followed a
  868
  statement of mine that it was my own view that comparisons were proverbially odious, and that it was only if there was any inevitable differentiation, that such favouritism would arise.
  Mr. Lindgren: The House will accept my assurance, I am certain, that equality of treatment will be given to all sections of the community. The hon. Member for Oxford (Mr. Hogg) and the hon. Member for East Fife (Mr. Henderson Stewart) persistently called the attention of the House to the motive that was behind this Amendment. May I say as a non-lawyer to lawyers that it is not the motive of an Amendment but what it says that matters. These words have a very definite meaning in so far as they are words strung together.
  I would say, with the greatest respect, that the only point of substance that has been raised during this Debate was that made by the right hon. Gentleman the Member for North Leeds (Mr.O Peake) with regard to the statement in Committee by my right hon. Friend the Minister, that in order to secure uniformity of treatment and of consideration as between the Department for which he is responsible, and the Department for which the Minister of Pensions is responsible, a committee would be set up to consider the general question of assessments arising from injuries, and that that committee would be an inter-departmental committee The committee has been set up, and is already at work. I am afraid I cannot, at the present stage, say when their report will be presented, but, consistent with not harrying the committee at their work, they will be asked to report as quickly as possible, and the usual custom with regard to the report of an inter-departmental committee—whether this that it should come to the House I am not certain, but I am certain that the right hon. Gentleman will forgive my not knowing the procedure in that regard—will be followed in this case. A similar Amendment to this was moved in Committee and was rejected, and 'there' is no machinery in existence for giving effect to the Amendment, if it were carried, so in so far as the Amendment is now before the House, we ask that it should be withdrawn.
  Several hon. Members Several hon. Members rose—
  Mr. Speaker: We have had a long discussion on this Amendment. I had doubts

  869
  about calling it in view of its discussion in Committee, and I hope that the Debate on it will not be continued. The hon. and gallant Member for Kingston (Major Boyd-Carpenter) has, of course, the right of reply to the Parliamentary Secretary.
  Major Boyd-Carpenter: In view of what has been said by the Parliamentary Secretary and in particular what he has said, as to the inter-Departmental Committee, I beg to ask leave to withdraw the Amendment.
  Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
  Mr. Lindgren: I beg to move, in page 9 line 16, leave out "need," and insert "shall."
  It might be convenient, with your permission, Mr. Speaker, to discuss at the same time the next Amendment—in page 9, line 19, at end, insert:
  "and a percentage between twenty and one hundred which is not a multiple of ten shall be treated—

  (i)if it is a multiple of five, as being the next higher percentage which is a multiple of ten;

  (ii)if it is not a multiple of five, as being the nearest percentage which is a multiple of ten."

  This Amendment arises from discussion during the Committee stage, when, on behalf of my right hon. Friend, I informed the Committee that the Schedule, as set out in the Bill which received its Second Reading in this House, did hot meet the full intentions of my right hon. Friend, and that there would be an Amendment at Report stage. This Amendment, in fact, is to give an even break as between percentages to the injured workman, whereas the effect of the previous Clause was that the workman lost everything all the time. Now, if a percentage is between 20 and 24 the workman will lose it; if it is 25 and above it will go to the next ten: in other words it will be in multiples of ten. This Amendment is in accordance with the general undertaking which was given during the Committee and had, I believe, the general acceptance of the Committee at that time
  Amendment agreed to.
  Further Amendment made: In page 9, line 19, at end, insert:
  "and a percentage between twenty and one hundred which is not a multiple of ten shall be treated—
  870

  (i) if it is a multiple of five, as being the next higher percentage which is a multiple of ten;

  (ii) if it is not a multiple of five, as being the nearest percentage which is a multiple of ten."—[Mr. Lindgren. ]

  Mr. Lindgren: I beg to move, in page 9, line 28, after "hundred," insert "and fifty."
  This Amendment refers to the gratuity for under-20 per cent. assessments and it arises from the increase of the benefit rate from 40s. to 45s. for the over-20 per cent. assessments. An undertaking was given in Committee that the maximum gratuity for under 20 per cent. disablement, which then stood at£100, would be raised to£150. That proposal had the general consent of the Committee.
  Amendment agreed to. Further Amendments made:
  In page 9, line 39, at end, insert:
  " nor, in a case where the beneficiary was at the beginning of the said period over the age of seventeen, less than three-quarters of the last mentioned amount."
  In page 10, line 11; leave out "said rates shall be halved," and insert:
  "rate for any degree of disablement shall be as follows, that is to say:

  (i) for a part of the said period during which he is between the ages of seventeen and eighteen, three-quarters of the rate set out as aforesaid; and

  (ii) for a part of the said period during which he is under the age of seventeen, one-half of the rate set out as aforesaid."—[Mr. Lindgren.]

  CLAUSE 13.—(Increase of disablement pension on account of unemployability.)
  Amendment made: In page 10, line 21, after "be," insert:
  " as follows, that is to say:

  (a)for a period during which he is between the ages of seventeen and eighteen, fifteen shillings; and

  (b)for a period during which he is under the age of seventeen."—[Mr. Lindgren.]

  CLAUSE 15—(Increase of disablement pension where constant attendance needed.)
  Mr. Lindgren: I beg to move, in page 11, line 31, at end, insert:
  " except in cases of exceptionally severe disablement, or forty shillings in any case."
  The Amendment enables the constant attendance allowance to be raised to 40s. I am certain that Members opposite will have noticed that the Amendment is put

  871
  forward in order to keep the Bill in line with the White Paper by another Ministry in connection with injuries received in another sphere than industry. It makes possible the award of 40s. constant attendance allowance in the most severe cases of injury, where the normal allowance, 20s., is obviously inadequate. In order that I shall not mislead the House, which I am sure the House understands I would not wittingly do, I would explain that the normal constant attendance allowance will still remain at 20s. The 40s. is for exceptionally severe disablement cases only, which take a considerable amount of attendance and nursing.
  7.15 p.m.
  Mr. Peake: The Amendment deals, as the hon. Gentleman has explained, with the constant attendance allowance, and is designed to bring the Bill into line with the proposal for amendment of the Royal Warrant. For that reason, the Amendment is acceptable to my hon. Friends and myself on this side of the House. I imagine that the cost of the concession will be comparatively small. I imagine that cases which attract the constant attendance allowance are not very numerous and that the number of cases which will attract the exceptional higher rate on account of exceptionally severe disablement will be even fewer.
  I should like to be informed who is to decide whether a case is one for the ordinary maximum of 20s. or for the exceptionally severe disablement rate of 40s. I imagine that the decision will rest in the hands of an insurance officer, seeing that it is a medical question, and that he will have the guidance of some medical authority in forming his judgment as to whether a special case has arisen. I should like more information on those two points. I take the opportunity of suggesting to the Minister that, in view of the number of concessions which have been made at all stages of the Bill, he might prepare a statement for the Third reading to show his estimate of the cost of those proposals.
  Mr. James Griffiths: The constant attendance allowance will now be increased in exceptionally severe cases to a maximum of£2. The Ministry of Pensions have had very wide and long experience in the matter, and have come to the conclusion that it is desirable in
  872
  some of the most serious cases to provide a larger amount than£1. We shall apply precisely the same principle. In the White Paper which will eventually become embodied in the Royal Warrant there is a provision to increase the allowance to£2 We shall make the same provision. The allowance is given at the discretion of the Minister. He decides what the amount shall be. In regard to the total cost, I will, at a convenient stage, perhaps during the Report stage but certainly on the Third reading, pre-sent a complete estimate of the total cost of' all the improvements we have made in the Bill.
  Amendment agreed to.
  CLAUSE 19.—(Widows.)
  Mr. James Griffiths: I beg to move, in page 13, line 24, leave out from "was" to end of Subsection, and insert:
  " receiving or entitled to receive, or would but for the relevant accident have been receiving or entitled to receive, from him periodical payments for her maintenance of not less than the prescribed amount."
  The Amendment is the result of the consideration which we gave to a problem which was discussed during the Committee stage. As the Clause stands, the pension is payable to a widow of a deceased man if, at his death, she was either residing with him or was being wholly or mainly maintained by him. Several hon. Members put down an Amendment calling attention to the fact that a separated wife might be denied pension because, although she was receiving payment from her husband during his life, the payment would not bring her within the definition "wholly or mainly maintained." I was pressed on Committee stage to consider changes in the Clause to cover that kind of case.
  I considered the matter and I appreciated the point that was put. I think the Amendment covers what we were asked to do. It removes the "wholly or mainly maintained" rule in the case of the separated wife, and she will be qualified for pension provided that she was entitled to receive from her husband periodical payments of not less than a prescribed amount. We have in mind an amount of 5s. per week. Receipt of contributions over and above that sum will be regarded as entitlement. It will be possible to grant pensions in such cases, subject to the overriding maximum. I

  873
  am sure the House will agree that the pension ought not to exceed the amount that was being contributed. I think we have fairly met the point that was put to us in Committee.
  Amendment agreed to.
  Mr. Griffiths: I beg to move, in page 14, line 11, leave out from "death" to end of Subsection, and insert:
  " the said weekly rate shall not exceed the aggregate weekly rate of the payments referred to in subsection (1) of this section."
  There may be exceptional cases of two sums paid under a deed, or some other provision, and it was thought desirable to cover them. This Amendment enables us to aggregate the two sums.
  Mr. Peake: I must confess I was extremely puzzled on reading this Amendment as to what was intended by the use of the phrase "aggregate weekly rate of the payments referred to in subsection (1)," because Subsection (1), as amended by the previous Amendment, speaks of "periodical payments for her maintenance." The Minister explains now that it is possible that a man may be making payments to his wife from whom he is separated in more than one sum. For instance, there may be a separation order coupled with a payment under, perhaps, some form of settlement or trust. I should have thought that such a case would have been covered already by the words "periodical payments for her maintenance," and I am not quite happy about the use of the words "aggregate weekly rate of the payments." I think they are a little confusing, and possibly the right hon. Gentlemen would consider whether he cannot improve this phraseology when the Bill goes to another place, because, reading this Amendment with a fairly considerable experience of reading Amendments, I must confess I could make nothing of it when I first saw it on the Paper.
  Amendment agreed to.
  Mr. Griffiths: I beg to move, in page 14, line 21, at end, insert:
  " (5) For the purposes of this Section—

  (a) references to a widow receiving or being entitled to receive payments from the deceased shall be construed as referring, and as referring only, to her receiving or being entitled to receive whether from him or from
  874
  another payments provided or procured by the deceased;

  (b) the expression ' entitled ' means, in relation to any such payments, entitled under any order of a court, trust or agreement which the widow has taken reasonable steps to enforce."

  These words are moved in order to define entitlement, and I understand that that is essential. I think this Amendment will commend itself to the legal Members of the House, as it did in Committee.
  Amendment agreed to.
  CLAUSE 20—(Widowers.)
  Amendment made: In page 14, line 25, after "the," insert "relevant—"[Mr..J.Griffiths.]
  CLAUSE 21.—(Children of the deceased's family.)
  Mr. Griffiths: I beg to move, in page 15, line 2, after "daughter," insert:
  " of his who—

  (i) at his death was a child of his wife's, but not of his, family; or

  (ii) is."

  Where the parents are not living together, a child living with its mother normally counts as a member of her family within the meaning of the Family Allowances Act though, in certain circumstances it might, if the parents so elect, or the Minister directs, be treated as in the father's family. To avoid anomalies in the award of children's allowances the child of the deceased who is in the mother's family but not in the father's will be dealt with specially by this Amendment. It will have the effect of treating the child as if it was in the father's family. Under the Family Allowances Act they might be treated as two separate families, and therefore it is desirable to have this Amendment so that a child who for the Family Allowances Act had been treated as belonging to the mother's family, would be deemed for the purposes of this Bill to belong to the father's family.
  Mr. Marlowe: I would ask the Minister to give us a little more enlightenment upon this because at the moment I am unable to understand it. The suggested insertion is:
  " daughter of his who—(i) at his death was a child of his wife's, but not of his family;"
  I find great difficulty in following those words because the original suggestion was that it was a daughter of his, but Subsection (1) refers to one who is not of his

  875
  family. I shall be grateful if the apparent inconsistency of the reference, to a "daughter of his," which is subsequently referred to as a daughter not of his, can be explained.
  Mr. Griffiths: This is in a case where the parents are separated, and therefore for the purpose of the Family Allowances Act the child may have been deemed to be in the mother's family, but for the purpose here, which is in the case of death, you have to decide for the purpose of compensation that the child shall be deemed to belong to the father.
  Amendment agreed to.
  CLAUSE 22.(Parents.)
  Mr. Griffiths: I beg to move, in page 15, line 13, leave out "wholly or mainly," and insert "to a substantial extent."
  There are a number of Amendments here covering the whole question of parents' pensions, which is very difficult, I know. This Amendment enables death benefits—that is, either a pension or a gratuity, as is appropriate—to be paid to a parent of the deceased where the parent was being maintained to a substantial extent at the time of the deceased's death or would, but for the relevant accident, have been so maintained. The word "substantial" will be defined by regulations under Clause 35 (1) as amended, and therefore we hope to cover several points that were raised on this point in the course of the Committee. In the Bill as it stood, there was provision for giving a pension or a payment for both parents if they were being wholly or mainly maintained by the deceased, or would but for the relevant accident have been so maintained. There was another qualification in the Bill as it stood, which was that the parents were either residing with the deceased or, in the case of the father, was permanently incapable of self-support, or, in the case of the mother, was herself permanently incapable of self-support.
  I was pressed very strongly on this in Committee and was impressed by the arguments put forward. It has been a very difficult matter in some respects to transpose into legislation of this kind the exact provisions under the existing Workmen's Compensation Act, where there is provision for compensation by way of lump sum subject to a maximum to be determined by the Courts. As the
  876
  cases arise, the claims go before the county court judge, who determines as a matter of fact first whether there was dependence, secondly what the amount of the dependence was. He awards a lump sum and that is the end of it. Here we are bringing this into a new field of insurance and enacting new provisions. We provide that there can be a pension for parents, if wholly or mainly maintained, and that pension shall be 15s. for. one parent and 30s. for two. Now there was no provision in the Bill for parents who were partially dependent, and we had to find, if we could, some words by which we could cover them as well. It was pointed out to us that it was possible under the existing Workmen's Compensation Act for parents to go to court and, even though not able to prove that they were wholly or mainly maintained, if there was dependence then they were able to go before the judge and get compensation by way of lump sum settlement.
  7.30 p.m.
  I said I was anxious to meet these cases and these Amendments are designed to provide for such cases. We have attempted in the White Paper which we issued to make clear to the House and to the people what the provision' is in Clause 22. We propose still to pay a pension where the parent or parents were wholly or mainly maintained, but if the parent or parents were maintained by the deceased to a substantial extent, but not wholly or mainly, we provide that there shall be a gratuity with a maximum of£78, if there are two parents and£52 if there is one parent. I hope that the provision we have made will be acceptable to the House as an honest effort to provide under this scheme benefit for parents which, taken by and large, will be very much better than under the existing Act.
  Mr. BlytonWhilst welcoming this Clause, may I ask the Minister when he is fixing regulations to see that the interpretation of the word "substantial" shall be liberal? I can imagine cases where "substantial" would be merely akin to "wholly or mainly maintaining." The provision of parents' gratuity is a considerable advancement on the present Act. One of the tragedies has been that when we have had to deal with compensation in relation to boys killed in the pit we have found lawyers and arbitra-

  877
  tion courts have argued that, so far from the boy wholly or mainly maintaining the parents,' on the figures they have put forward, the boy was mainly dependent on his parents and all we have been able to get is£15 with which to bury him. Under the 1924 Act, it has been terrible for trade union officials to have to tell parents of people who have brought up a lad from infancy to 14, 15 or 16 years of age, and who has been killed in the mining industry, that a generous nation could give them" only£15 with which to bury him.
  Mr. Renton: I also welcome the intention of the Minister in this Clause, but I cannot welcome the uncertainty in which we are left. So much depends, as the hon. Member for Hough-ton-le-Spring (Mr. Blyton) has pointed out, on the meaning the Minister will give in the regulations to the word "substantial." In many instances 20 per cent. maintenance may be regarded as substantial; on the other hand, 80 per cent. may be what the Minister has in mind. We should have some indication from the right hon. Gentleman as to the nature of his regulations. If I understand the Clause rightly, the death benefit is not going to be graded according to the extent of the maintenance; it will be the same death benefit in all cases where there was a substantial degree of maintenance. For those reasons we ought to have far more clarification.
  Mr. Peake: The right hon. Gentleman has introduced a very elaborate series of Amendments since the Committee stage of the Bill dealing with widows, parents and other relatives, and he has issued a White Paper, very wisely I think, to explain this highly complex series of Amendments. In providing for benefit in fatal cases, the aim of those who framed the original Bill was to provide pensions in all cases and to get away from the payment of lump sums, to make those pensions of a substantial amount, and to make them for life. A line had to be drawn between those cases in which a pension would be granted, and those in which a pension could not be granted. It did not seem to us that in an insurance scheme we should make detailed investigation into each individual case, such as is required under the old Workmen's Compensation Act where there is any dispute in an accident claim taken before
  878
  a county court judge. Therefore, we provided that in the case of parents the test was whether the parent was wholly or mainly maintained by the deceased and either was resident with the deceased or was incapable of self-support. The purpose of those qualifications was to try to "draw a broad line between cases where there was some dependency and some probable need, and other cases where there was no dependency and very likely no probable need.
  It is perfectly true that, with an insurance scheme drawn on broad lines, one cannot investigate the needs of the individual very closely, nor do I think it would be a desirable thing to do, because the whole purpose of an insurance scheme is to treat people similarly in respect of similar contributions. The Minister has departed from the scheme in the Bill in order to do something for a number of classes of relatives, including parents, who were entitled to make claims on the Workmen's Compensation Acts in respect of partial dependence. Wholly or mainly dependent, means dependent to an extent of more than 50 per cent. for the ordinary necessities of life. Partially dependent, of course, means something very much less. It may mean dependent to the extent of only a few shillings a week.
  In order to meet the claims of the partial dependant, and to try to give something to everybody who might have been entitled. under the Workmen's Compensation Act, the Minister has introduced into the Bill a system of small gratuities. I confess that I do not care for the word "gratuity" even as much as I care for the words "lump sum." There was, I think, only one gratuity in the original Bill when I had something to do with its preparation; that was a gratuity for the woman who remarried, and thereby lost her pension. I cannot wax very enthusiastic over this proposal to reintroduce comparatively small lump sum payments to parents who have suffered to some small financial extent by the loss of a child It seems to me we are rather passing out of the era of a small degree of dependency. The Minister of Pensions has always resisted, and I think the present Minister of Pensions is continuing to resist. claims for parents' pensions in respect of the Service Warrant, except in cases of proved necessity. I therefore set my face against the pay-

  879
  ment of small sums by way of what I think might inoffensively be called blood money to people who have lost some relative, but whose financial loss is quite inconsiderable.
  I cannot be at all enthusiastic about the proposal the Minister is putting before the House. It is an attempt to make sure that nobody who would have got anything under the Workmen's Compensation Act shall go without a payment under the new insurance scheme. The payments will be of short duration. There is a provision that they may be paid by instalments, but I imagine they will be paid out quickly in the ordinary way. The payments will be quite small, and there will be great difficulty in deciding what is dependency to a substantial extent. I do not know what the Minister has in mind about that. He told us in connection with the previous Clause that a woman separated from her husband would be entitled to receive something if she were receiving a periodical payment of not less than 5s. It is quite possible that the Minister has the same sort of figure in mind so far as dependency to a substantial extent is concerned. If he has, then the lump sum or gratuity as it is to be called will be a very small and a very troublesome thing to assess. I hardly think it desirable to introduce these small sums which are nearly always frittered away, as the evidence before the Royal Commission showed. At the same time we shall not carry this matter to a Division. I know it is a matter to which hon. Members opposite attach some importance and although I am not at all enthusiastic about it I shall not be prepared to go into the Division Lobby against it.
  Amendment agreed to. Further Amendments made:
  In page 15, line 15, leave out from "maintained," to end of Subsection.
  In line 23, leave out from "who," to "death," in line 25, and insert:
  " at the deceased's death was being wholly or mainly maintained by the deceased, or would but for the relevant accident have been so maintained."
  In line 29, leave out Subsection (3) and insert:
  " (3) In the case of a parent entitled to death benefit under subsection (1) of this section but not to a pension under subsection (2)
  880
  thereof, death benefit shall be a gratuity payable, if and in such cases as regulations so provide by instalments."
  In page 16, line 1, leave out paragraph (b) and insert:
  " (b) the amount of a gratuity payable to a parent under subsection (3) of this section shall be fifty-two pounds, so. however, that this paragraph shall have effect subject to the provisions of the Fourth Schedule to this Act limiting the benefit payable in respect of any death."
  In line 6, leave out "expressions ' father ' and," and insert "expression."—[Mr. Griffiths.]
  CLAUSE 23.—(Relatives.)
  7.45 p.m.
  Mr. Lindgren: I beg to move, in page 16, line 8, leave out "Such relatives," and insert "Any such relative."
  With your permission, I will deal with this and the following 10 Amendments to this Clause together They deal with the general question of pensions and gratuities to relatives It must be very difficult for Members of the House to follow exactly where each of these Amendments comes in, and for the benefit of those who have the White Paper, I would say that on page 8 the Clause is set out as it "will be if all these Amendments are carried. Their effect is that where a relative is being wholly maintained by the deceased, and that relative is incapable of self-support, there is an entitlement to a pension, and that pension is paid. A gratuity is paid, however, if that relative so entitled to the pension is debarred from it because someone else with a prior claim is awarded a pension. The gratuity, as in the case of parents, is really a commutation into pounds of a year's payment of the pension rate of 20s. a week. The general principle having been accepted in regard to parents on Clause 22, the same principle is here extended to the relative who has been maintained by the deceased,' and is applied in these first 11 Amendments.
  Mr. Peake: What I said on the previous Amendment also really covers what is proposed on Clause 23 dealing with relatives. The only question I wish to ask the Ministers in charge of the Bill is whether, when they speak of prescribed relatives, they will, as I imagine will be the case, take for that purpose the degrees of relativity set out in Section 4 of the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1925.
  Mr. Lindgren Mr. Lindgren indicated assent.
  Amendment agreed to.
  Further Amendments made:
  In page 16, line 10, leave out "they were," and insert "the relative was."
  In line 12, leave out from "maintained," to end of Subsection, and insert:
  " or:

  (b) the relative was being to a substantial extent maintained by the deceased, or would but for the relevant accident have been so maintained, and—

  (i)in the case of a man. was permanently incapable of self-support;

  (ii) in the case of a women, was herself permanently incapable of self-support or was living with her husband who was permanently incapable of self-support:

  Provided that this section shall have effect subject to the provisions of the Fourth Schedule to this Act limiting the benefit payable in respect of any death."
  In line 14, at beginning, insert:
  " Subject to the provisions of the said Fourth Schedule."
  In line 15, after "if," insert:

  " (a) the relative fulfils the condition speci6ed in paragraph (a) of that subsection; and

  (b)".

  In line 20, leave out from "for" to end of Subsection, and insert: "
  such period as may be. determined at the time it is granted. but may, if the beneficiary or her husband, as the case may be, continues to be permanently incapable of self-support, or, in the husband's case, has died during the continuance of that incapacity, be renewed from time to time:
  Provided that the said pension shall cease on the death of the beneficiary within the period for which it was granted and, in the case of a woman, shall also cease on her marriage or remarriage within the. said period or, where the pension was granted by virtue of her husband's incapacity, on the termination of their marriage otherwise than by his death or on their ceasing to live together within the said period, and shall not thereafter be renewed."
  In line 25, at beginning, insert:
  "Subject to the provisions of the said Fourth Schedule."

  In line 27, after "be," insert:

  (a) if the relative fulfils the condition specified in paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section, but not the condition specified in paragraph (a) thereof, a gratuity pay-' able, if and in such cases as regulations so provide, by instalments; and

  (b) if the relative fulfils the condition specified in the said paragraph (a),"

  In line 32, after "Subject," insert:
  " to the provisions of the said Fourth Schedule and subject also."
  In line 35, at end, insert:
  " (b) the amount of a gratuity payable under subsection (3) of this section shall be fifty-two pounds; "—[Mr. Lindgren.]
  Mr. Lindgren: I beg to move, in page 16, line 40, leave out, "or any person who is a child."
  This and the subsequent Amendment are included within this Clause to cover the case where a child who would qualify for pension as a dependent relative but because in fact at the time of the death it is then a child, a pension is awarded to another eligible relative. This Amendment provides that if the child at the time becomes 16, the person having the claim is no longer alive, then this child, if in fact prevented from earning its own living by reason of physical disability, can get a pension. Where that child on reaching the age of 16 is unable to earn its own living for some physical defect, and is unable to have the pension because the person having the prior claim is still alive, then a gratuity is given to that child. With that brief explanation, I hope the House will accept the Amendment.
  Amendment agreed to.
  Further Amendment made: In page 16, line 44, at end, insert:

  " (6) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this section, a relative who was a child at the deceased's death shall not be entitled to benefit thereunder—

  (a)until he ceases to be a child; or

  (b)unless he was at the deceased's death and is on ceasing to be a child permanently incapable of self-support;

  and any pension payable to such a relative under this section shall commence only from the date on which he ceases to be a child.

  (7) Where the deceased was a man, this section shall apply to a posthumous son or" daughter of his (whether legitimate or illegitimate) subject to such modifications as may be prescribed."—[Mr. Lindgren.]

  CLAUSE 25—(Obligations of claimants and beneficiaries.)
  Mr. Douglas: I beg to move, in page 18, line 12, leave out from "accident," to the end of line 13.
  Mr. Eccles: On a point of Order, Mr. Deputy-Speaker. Would it be convenient for us to discuss also the Minister's proposed Amendment to Clause 25? They hang together very much
  Mr. Douglas: I do not know that they do.
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker (Major Milner): I think we had better take them separately.
  Mr. Douglas: This Amendment deals with a very important question, and that is the liberty of the subject. As this Clause is drafted, the Minister is given power to make Regulations not merely for the purpose of determining whether the claimant for benefit has sustained injury by an accident, but also for the purpose of determining the treatment which is appropriate to his injury. Therefore, the Minister will presumably have the power to make Regulations obliging an injured person to attend before a doctor whom the Minister chooses, and that doctor will prescribe a course of treatment. In the subsequent provisions of this Clause the Minister has the power to oblige the injured person to observe that course of treatment. In subsequent Clauses he has the power to deprive the injured man of benefit if he does not have the course of treatment which the Minister's doctor has prescribed.
  In another Clause he has the power to make Regulations which will, in addition, impose upon the unfortunate claimant for benefit the liability of paying£10 per day for every day during which he refuses to abide by the kind of treatment which the Minister's doctor has prescribed. The definition of "treatment" includes all kinds of treatment, including surgical treatment and amputations. It could also include inoculation, because this Bill applies not merely to injuries by accident but also to industrial diseases for which somebody may invent a vaccine or some other kind of treatment of that nature. I am not aware of any case in which the legislature has imposed obligations of this kind upon any citizen. Even those who are taken into the Army, Navy or Air Force and who are subjected to the most rigid discipline are given the option of refusing to have certain kinds of treatment, vaccines, inoculations, and so on. Under this Bill the Minister has power to compel people to undergo treatment of that kind.
  8.0 p.m.
  I submit that this is a provision which ought to be altered; otherwise, we shall cause people to be obliged to take treat-
  884
  ment in which they have no faith, to which they may have conscientious objection, and in regard to which they may have received other advice which they think is sounder. Under this Bill, they are placed at the mercy of the. treatment which is prescribed by some officer to whom the Minister, under the regulations, may refer them. I hope that my right hon. Friend will see that this is going far beyond anything which can possibly be regarded as reasonable. Under this Clause, a man might be compelled to undergo an amputation, although the benefit might be, in his opinion, extremely doubtful. He may be compelled to submit himself to other kinds of operation, and let me also point out that, under the Clause relating to penalties, he can, presumably, if he disagrees with this treatment, have his home sold up and every stick of furniture and every atom of property which he has taken away from him as a means of compulsion upon him to undergo a course of treatment with which he conscientiously disagrees. Not only will he lose his benefit, if he takes that view, but his wife and children also will be deprived of their benefits, and, therefore, the most painful and most distressing compulsion of all will be imposed upon him. It is on those grounds that I beg to move this Amendment.
  Mr. House: I beg to second the Amendment.
  As my hon. Friend the Member for North Battersea (Mr. Douglas) has pointed out, this Amendment proposes to deal with the imposition under the suggested regulations of compulsion on a man to follow a form of treatment to which he might be opposed. The Clause lays down that injured persons should be required from time to time to submit themselves for medical examination—examination by a registered medical practitioner. I have no objection to an injured workman being examined from time to time by a registered medical practitioner, but I strongly object to the imposition being laid on the injured workman to undergo treatment of which he does not approve. The British Medical Association have recently issued a small pamphlet, in which they are seeking freedom of choice. They want freedom of choice for the patient to choose as between one registered medical practitioner and another, and they also ask

  885
  for freedom of choice for themselves. They want freedom to enter either into Government service or private practice.
  I am asking, on behalf of the injured workman, that he shall have freedom of choice, but the freedom of choice which I am seeking for him is that the injured person shall be able to attend either a registered medical practitioner, on the one hand, who is generally described as an orthodox practitioner, or, on the other hand, an unorthodox practitioner. By unorthodox practitioner, I mean osteopaths, naturopaths, and herbalists, etc. I wish to make it quite clear that I speak entirely as a layman, and that I am not connected with practitioners of any kind at all. I have had considerable experience with orthodox medical treatment and with unorthodox treatment. I have had experience, over a long period of years, of the unorthodox treatment which is described as natural healing, and I have absolutely no doubt in my mind which is the true form of healing.
  I have a daughter, a girl of 21 years of age, a fine, strong and an athletic girl, who, in my opinion, would have died when six months old when she was under the treatment of an orthodox practitioner, had I not changed her over to treatment by an unorthodox practitioner. I am perfectly certain that that girl would not be alive today had she been treated by an orthodox practitioner. I am not wishing to decry the noble work done by orthodox medical practitioners and by the surgeons in our hospitals, but I am saying that a strong case can be made out for the right of a workman to choose as between an orthodox practitioner and an unorthodox one. I should like to refer to some instances where patients have been cured, after a long series of failures during long periods of treatment by orthodox practitioners, by unorthodox practitioners. I wish to refer to a few cases which have been mentioned in support of unorthodox practitioners, Here is one case:
  " My cousin, after a difficult tooth extraction, developed a non-healing wound in his mouth and, after years of tinkering by doctors and sundry surgical operations, it was pronounced to be cancer and radium treatment followed. Incidentally, his wife had died of ' cancer in the throat. Radium was applied, but the pain became acute and he had to be 'doped to get any sleep. His condition was desperate. It was then Mr. Thompson was called in, and, although this case was so very serious, his methods gave immediate relief from the acute pain and thereby natural
  886
  sleep. The patient, grateful for this, and eager to live, acted loyally up to every suggestion and restriction imposed and was completely cured after about two years of nature cure treatment. That was many years ago, and now, at 70 years of age, this man puts in a full day in commercial travelling, plays hard athletic games, and is one of the strongest swimmers in the local baths."
  That is a case of cure of cancer after the failure of orthodox treatment. In the second case, a man is referring to his sister:
  " When quite a child, she developed bad nasal catarrh and attended a certain large Edinburgh institution for a period of 11 years, off and on. During this time, her condition gradually developed into Lupus Vulgaris. At the end of a long period of medical treatment, she was given up with only half a nose. In desperation, she tried various other methods of healing, and eventually was introduced to the Nature Cure Clinic in Edinburgh under the supervision of Mr. James C. Thomson. The advice was given here free of charge, and, under guidance and observance to instruction re diet, the disease was arrested. Since then, she has been accepted at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary for a plastic operation, as in their opinion, there was now no further trace of Lupus. It is now several years since the cure, and there has been no recurrence of the symptoms."
  In another case, the writer refers to his son:
  " He attended a public school in Edinburgh. One morning I was telephoned by a ' very agitated house-master and told that my son had been stricken with acute appendicitis, and that, in the doctor's opinion, an immediate operation was necessary. My reply was that I would prefer to have Mr. Thomson's opinion first, and I was informed that that decision must rest with the surgeon. I then telephoned to Mr. Thomson, and he agreed to see my son, but the doctor in attendance refused to allow him to see the patient, and, in this attitude, he was backed up by the school authorities. As a result, I had to travel to Edinburgh and take my son to a private Lursing home where Mr. Thomson, on examination "—
  Mr. Deputy - Speaker (Mr. Hubert Beaumont): I am sorry to interrupt the hon. Gentleman, but he is out of Order in dealing with that point on this Clause. We are discussing Clause 25.
  Mr. House: I am asking that the injured workman shall have freedom of choice. May I submit that what the Amendment asks for is the deletion of the words:
  '' or the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury or loss of faculty."
  In other words, we are asking that the patient shall not be compelled to carry through the treatment prescribed by a

  887
  registered medical practitioner, and I am trying to establish that treatment by registered medical practitioners is not always infallible. I am quoting cases where they have failed in their treatment.
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker: If the hon. Gentleman will look at Clause 25 he will see that it says:
  " to submit themselves from time to time to medical examination for the purpose of determining the effect of the relevant accident, or the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury or loss of faculty."
  Therefore, treatment cannot be discussed. That can be discussed later on, when dealing with the Amendment proposed on Clause 85, line 43.
  Mr. House: May I respectfully submit that the Clause as it stands says that the medical practitioner shall determine the appropriate treatment to be followed? I am submitting that the patient should not be compelled to follow treatment prescribed by registered medical practitioners, and am trying to justify that point of view by quoting cases where they have failed to effect a cure and where the patient has gone to other forms of healers and been cured.
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker: The words proposed to be left out simply mean that claimants will be liable to submit themselves from time to time for medical examination:
  " for the purpose of determining the effect of the relevant accident…."
  Therefore, the hon. Member cannot go into a long discourse on treatment.
  Mr. Stanley: On a point of Order. Surely, what we are discussing is whether we shall leave out the words:
  " or the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury or loss of faculty."
  I respectfully submit that it would be in Order to point out, as the hon. Gentleman has attempted to do, that there are very often different opinions as to what is the appropriate treatment. If these words are allowed to remain, the choice or the decision as to the appropriate treatment will be taken away from the man himself and will rest only with the Government Department.
  Mr. Turner-Samuels: May I respectfully point out, in supplementation of what the right hon. Gentleman has just said, that we are not, in fact, discussing
  888
  the words to which you, Mr. Deputy-Speaker, have just made allusion. Those words are not under amendment at all. We are discussing the words:
  " or the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury or loss of faculty."
  because their deletion constitutes the Amendment. It would not be in Order to discussthe other words, but I submit, with great respect, that it must be in Order to discuss the words referred to in the Amendment.
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker: This is all bound up with attending for a medical examination. The Amendment proposes to delete the words:
  " or the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury or loss of faculty."
  All that can be discussed now is the determination of attendance from time to time for medical examination.
  8.15 p.m.
  Mr. Douglas: With all respect, Mr. Deputy-Speaker, may I draw your attention to the way in which this Subsection is framed? It provides for claimants:
  " to submit themselves from time to time to medical examination for the purpose of determining the effect of the relevant accident, or the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury or loss of faculty."
  That is to say, for determining the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury. The governing word, surely, is "determining." The person who is subject to this Regulation, therefore, can have determined for him, against his will, the kind of treatment he must undergo.
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker: Surely there are two points here. The patient will attend for medical examination:
  " for the purpose of determining the effect of the relevant accident or the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury or loss of faculty."
  As I understand the Amendment, it is proposed to delete the words:
  " or the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury or loss of faculty."
  Mr. Turner-Samuels: The hon. Member for North St. Pancras (Mr. House) is trying to advance his reasons for deleting those words and not for keeping the other words in. With great respect, how is he to do that without referring to the other words?
  Mr. Deputy-Speaker: I am sorry there is this confusion, but I am of the opinion

  889
  that this discussion could, more appropriately, take place on the Amendment proposed on Clause 85, page 58, line 43. However, if it is the general wish of the House to allow it now, I will do so.
  Mr. House: I realise that in the task I am trying to discharge— the justifying of the right of an injured person to attend a practitioner of his choice— I am up against the deep-rooted prejudice of the British Medical Association. I feel I cannot discharge that task effectively, or do anything to undermine the deep-rooted prejudice of the medical profession, unless 1 quote instances where they have completely failed in their treatment. Therefore, with your permission, Mr. Deputy-Speaker, I will carry on with my quotation. I apologise to the House for taking up so much time, but I think the case is perfectly relevant and that it is necessary these facts should be known. 'I was saying:
  " As a result, I had to travel to Edinburgh and take my son to a private nursing home where Mr. Thomson, on examination, pronounced that an operation was quite unnecessary. After a few days nature cure treatment the lad returned to school perfectly well; the house-master thought it was his ghost? I am pleased to say that he has never had any abdominal trouble in the 15 years since."
  They are very important instances where, had an injured workman been compelled to follow the treatment of the registered medical practitioner, he would have undergone, quite unnecessarily, a major operation with very serious results. May I crave the indulgence of the House to quote yet another instance? I particularly want to quote this because it refers to the experience of a registered medical practitioner herself. This is a case of a registered medical practitioner failing to secure a cure from her own colleagues. The statement says:
  " The claim that nature cure has a remedy for cancer had been attested by a woman doctor. Dr. Janet Morgan, of Stockport. She said that she had been in practice for many years. Her own experience was that she became a patient suffering from carcinoma (cancer) of the left breast. I consulted eight of Britain's leading specialists,' she said, ' and I was condemned to have a very major operation.
  It was also suggested that I should undergo radium treatment and treatment by deep X-ray therapy. It is now over three years ago since ' I had that advice. I underwent none of these treatments, but had nature cure treatment by Mr. Thomson. One year exactly after I was
  890
  seen by specialists, I had a consultation with Mr. Shaw, who is head of the Cancer Research Department for Scotland, and he said there was absolutely no evidence of malignancy.… From my own experience I find that usually members of the medical profession are very hostile to nature cure ideas "
  That is the gravamen of the case which we have here. Here is a doctor, from her own experience, saying that members of the medical profession are very hostile to nature cure ideas. Imagine a manual workman who has had a serious injury and who wants to go to a nature cure practitioner. First of all, he has to attend a registered medical practitioner for examination, and that registered practitioner on the statement of one of their own school, is very hostile to nature cure ideas. The statement continues:
  " Asked if she had gone to any trouble to draw attention to ' the fact that there is a cure for cancer '… Yes, but I am afraid that so far I have always failed not so much with young medical practitioners, who seem to be a little more receptive of modern ideas. The specialists are very non-receptive and hostile to nature cure ideas."
  Miners, iron and steel workers and other industrial workers sustain diseases to their eyes which can lead to blindness. Here is a case of blindness cured after failure of treatment by registered medical practitioners. The statement reads:
  " My father was a violinist. At the age of 17 he got cold in his eyes, neglected them and finally was stone blind for two whole years. After various' treatments under doctors, he entered the local hospital and was in about one year. They wanted to take his eye out, so he came out of hospital. His mother took. him to Dr. Bell Taylor, at Nottingham. His verdict was that he could do nothing for him, and he would continue to be blind. Just think how awful if this verdict had been passed on yourself. My father had an aunt living next door.… She said the doctors have failed, so I will see what I can do; I cannot do any harm. She gathered herbs, poulticed his eyes,. and in three months he could see to go about in dark glasses. In six months he could see to read music again. Admittedly he was shortsighted, but he could see. And the eye they wanted to take out was the best. They took him to Dr. Taylor and he said it was wonderful.… Unfortunately ray father died in February, 1944, aged 74. His eyes could see to the end."
  In the case of a person such as myself, with my personal experience of natural healing for over 13 years, it would be brutally barbaric to suggest that I should have to follow the treatment of a registered medical practitioner. I conscientiously believe that I would be dead today were I not following the treatment of natural healers.

  891
  If I am an injured workman, under this Bill I am going to be faced with possible death, blindness and loss of a limb on the one hand, or starvation on the other. As the Bill stands, unless an injured workman follows the treatment prescribed by his registered medical practitioner, he runs the risk of forfeiture of benefit. I was rather sorry to hear the statement by the hon. and learned Member for Brighton (Mr. Marlowe) with regard to the unmarried wife. He put forward a case in opposition to ours, without an ounce of sympathy in it and full of legal jargon. One has to be among the working class to understand the punishment of forfeiture of benefit. Only the working man who relies on his income week by week to make ends meet, appreciates what forfeiture of benefit means. The Bill says to an injured miner who may be receiving benefit of£4 10s. a week and who wants natural healing or unorthodox healing, "You face death, or loss of a limb, or possible blindness on the one hand, or forfeiture of benefits on the other hand." I ask, is that fair? I go further. A wealthy person who wants to follow unorthodox medical practice is free to do so by paying 5, 10 or 20 guineas. What is 100 guineas to a man if he can save his daughter's life—if he can afford it? A poor working man, under this Bill, could not do it. He is faced with starvation or possibly the loss of his own life. A logical case can be made out from this Bill of one law for the rich and one law for the poor. I have heard hon. Members opposite say that any person who desires to practice unorthodox treatment can do so by going through the medical schools. The other day I heard two doctors talking in the smoke room. One agreed with the other. They said the one necessary qualification for becoming a doctor is£2,000. It is not necessary for unorthodox practitioners to go right through the school of orthodox practice. That is quite true. Take the case of the Edinburgh clinic where there is a four years' curriculum which includes the study of anatomy, physiology and all the basic requirements to enable the students to go through their profession. I heard one medical practitioner say to an osteopath, "What about a tubercular joint? You would damage a tubercular joint if you manipulated it without the necessary knowledge." I submit that an osteopath
  892
  would not run the risk of wrongly manipulating a tubercular joint.
  We are not asking for what is unreasonable in this Amendment. I know we will be up against considerable opposition by the prejudiced school of the medical practitioners. I do not wish to be unreasonable. We are not submitting a case for quacks. I want to put that quite bluntly, because the natural response to the proposal that unregistered practitioners should have a right to treat injured workmen is that it involves quacks. I have been very closely associated with unregistered practitioners, and I know they are prepared to deal effectively and in an organised manner with the aspect of quacks. They are prepared to lay down a standard of education and knowledge, which they would generally recognise, and this Amendment seeks to protect the Minister on that particular point.
  8.30 p.m.
  We only want such unorthodox medical practitioners to be recognised as can comply with whatever standard qualifications the Minister may set down. I know perfectly well that I shall be assailled by individuals wanting to support the registered medical practitioners with regard to very high standards of qualifications, the profound knowledge of the registered medical practitioners, claims to high knowledge and the study of the sciences, and so forth. In reply to that I say that the test of efficiency is the result, and it is the patient, the layman, who knows best whether he is entitled to the treatment of one school or another. From all the experience through which I have gone I know that I have a very strong inclination indeed. I support the unregistered medical practitioner. I submit that, unless my right hon. Friend the Minister gives this freedom of choice to the patient he will, in my opinion, be acting brutally and in a barbaric manner, having regard to the unfairness with which he would face the injured workman.
  Mr. Paget: Any. scheme which provides for giving compensation for disablement as a result of injury must include some test to distinguish whether a disablement is the result of the injury or whether it is the result of something else. Here we have to consider the case which arises where the cause of the disablement is not

  893
  the injury but the refusal of the man to do anything about the injury. In the Workmen's Compensation Act there was a similar provision. Whilst I recognise it is necessary to provide some power in a Bill to be able to stop compensation of the man who just will not cure himself, and who just will not take the advice which would enable him to be cured, it is nevertheless a most dangerous power. In the Workmen's Compensation Act the provision was, that compensation could be discontinued—if I remember the exact words—if a man deliberately and unreasonably refused to accept medical advice. In my practice under that Act I came across a good many cases where the insurance companies' doctors used to go into the witness box and say," This man will be cured by operation. If he will submit to this operation his disability will end." That used to happen under the Workmen's Compensation Act. Quite often county court judges were most sympathetic about it and used to come to the conclusion that that was right, and that the man really was being unreasonable in refusing the operation. In the large majority of cases in which I have known that to happen, where, owing to compensation being stopped, the man did submit himself to the operation, the medical advice turned out to be quite wrong. It was very striking, the number of cases where you came back to the court and found that the operation which the man himself refused had only a little worse. I. think possibly one of the reasons is this, that there is very little medical which is much good unless it has the confidence and co-operation of the patient. Therefore' I would say, whatever the doctor may say in a very large number of this sort of cases, a man will get far better results from a nature cure in which he believes, and with which his mind co-operates, than he will from medical treatment of which he disapproves. Therefore I think the power is necessary. When it comes to drawing up the regulations—particularly the regulations for penalties under Clause 66—and when it comes to administration, the utmost care should be taken that this will not be administered oppressively
  Mr. Douglas: May I ask the hon. Member if he has not observed that the point he is making is covered by Subsection (4) of this Clause?
  Mr. Paget: I should not have thought it was.
  Mr. Douglas: "Calculated to retard his recovery."
  Mr. Paget: I should have thought the question of the administration of the regulations, which this Clause contemplates, is a matter which comes directly under this, and it is under those regulations that care should be taken to give as much freedom as possible to the man who genuinely wants to get well if possible, while at the same time retaining power to deal with the man who deliberately does not want to.
  Mr. Douglas: That is Subsection (4).
  The Solicitor-General: This Amendment has been discussed with great sincerity and a case has been put forward with much vigour by three of my hon. Friends on this side of the House. I will straight away address myself to a point of considerable substance made by my hon. Friend the Member for North Battersea (Mr.Douglas).Clause 66, which is the penalty Clause, empowers the Minister to make it an offence not to comply with a regulation. Of course, the Minister never had the smallest intention-of preparing a regulation which would make it an offence punishable by the criminal law for any workman to fail to comply with directions given under a regulation. There is, on the Order Paper, in the name, amongst others, of my hon. Friend the Member for North Battersea, an Amendment to Clause 66 of this Bill, which puts that within the power of the Minister. I can now say with the authority of my right hon. Friend that we propose to accept that Amendment, that is to say, an Amendment which provides that it shall be an offence not to comply with a regulation other than a regulation requiring a workman to submit to medical treatment. I do emphasise that the Minister never at any time intended any such failure to comply on the part of the workman should be a criminal offence. That point, in my submission, goes with the acceptance of that Amendment. That point, left as it was, was a point of substance, and that is the answer to it. It is also the answer to the other complaint which he made, that a work-man might be sold up if he did not comply with the regulation requiring him to submit to medical treatment. I do

  895
  not know of any provision under the Act—always excepting that Amendment to Clause 66—which could lead to that result. I can assure my hon. Friend the apprehensions which he had were entirely groundless and the Amendment will put that beyond any doubt.
  What do the words objected to really provide? They propose simply and solely that a workman who submits himself to medical examination shall do so in these circumstances: that the medical examination shall be with the object, in the first place, of determining the effect of the relevant injury. No complaint was made about that, no observations were directed to it at all, by my hon. Friends who have spoken on the Amendment. It is then stated that the second object—a surely not unreasonable one—shall be to enable the Ministry's doctor to try to make up his mind what would be helpful to the workman in his injured state, and what treatment would be appropriate to his injury. Surely it can-not be reasonable to try to exclude that as one of the objects of a medical examination, once you have a medical examination at all? That is the primary and obvious purpose of all medical examinations, and if you exclude that purpose there is no reason at all for a man to be medically examined.
  Hon. Members are so ready to see sinister intentions in various provisions of this Bill. In point of fact, it is surely to the workman's advantage that somebody should medically examine him with a view to trying to find out what medical remedies will be of service to him. Surely that is not a thing which could be decried—on the contrary, it is a laudable purpose, which the workman should be glad of. It is to be remembered, after all, that in the great majority of cases the examination will be of a physical injury which has caused disability or loss of faculty. How can you set about trying to cure a workman unless you have had an opportunity of examining him, and trying to make up your mind how to treat his injury?
  That is all that the words complained of enable the doctor to do. They say no more than that one of the purposes of the medical examination to which the workman—without any complaint on the
  896
  part of anybody—is required to subject himself shall be the attempt to discover what would be helpful to cure the injury from which he is suffering.
  Mr. Douglas: Before the hon. and learned Gentleman leaves that point, will he read the item we are dealing with in conjunction with the next paragraph?
  The Solicitor-General: The next paragraph, I would point out, is not the subject of the Amendment at all. In my submission, it is a nonsensical way of looking at it to complain because the medical examination to which the work-man is required to submit himself is to be directed, as to one of its two objects, to finding out what would be a satisfactory way of treating his injury. To cut those words out makes the medical examination completely pointless.
  Leaving aside the Amendment to Clause 66 to which I have referred, what are the consequences which can ensue to the workman if he refuses to accept the advice of the doctor? The doctor, after all, is out to try and cure him, but suppose the workman, perhaps animated by the sentiments expressed by my hon. Friend the Member for North St. Pancras (Mr. House), refuses to accept his advice. What is the worst that can happen to him? All that can happen to him is that; if he does it without reasonable cause— not otherwise—his benefit can be suspended; he forfeits his right to benefit. If he does not agree that he had no reasonable cause and wishes to test the matter, he comes before the insurance officer. After hearing what the workman has to say, and after considering the views he has advanced and all the circumstances which are relevant, the insurance officer asks himself, "Had this workman, in these circumstances, reasonable cause for refusing to accept the doctor's advice?" I cannot say in advance what a particular insurance officer would say, but I can conceive that, if he had before him a workman who held very strongly the opinions voiced by my hon. Friend, he might very well take the view that that was a reasonable cause.
  8.45 p.m.
  Clearly the Bill is perfectly satisfactory as it is drawn in that all it provides is that if a workman, having no reasonable cause for so doing, refuses to carry out a doctor's bona fide advice given as a

  897
  result of the medical examination to which the workman has subjected himself, in those circumstances and not otherwise, the workman shall forfeit his right to benefit. If he disagrees with the decision that he had no reasonable cause, he can take the matter up and litigate it before the insurance officer. Surely, in administering this scheme, there must be some machinery to try and ascertain what medical treatment the workman who has sustained an injury should submit to? That is the least that can be said to be reasonable. If there is no such machinery, nothing can ever be done to assist the workman who has been injured, and no steps can be taken to cure him. This is for that purpose—to try to cure him, to restore him to health, and to give him back his full working capacity. I ask the House to say that this Amendment should be negatived.
  I want to make two other observations. It all depends upon the regulations that are made. My right hon. Friend, and all hon. Members, know that under Clause 60 of the Bill an Industrial Injuries Advisory Council is to be set up. Under that Clause, when the Minister proposes to make regulations, he has to take the advice of, and submit his Regulations for consideration by, the Advisory Council, which will include experts well qualified to judge of these matters. That is one safeguard—the Regulations will not be made without thought and consideration by experts in that particular department of medicine. Not only that, but when the Council have passed the Regulations, they must still be submitted to a negative resolution of this House, so that this House will have a check on them. It is most unlikely, in fact it is impossible, that any Regulations could be made which it is unreasonable that the workman should be required to submit to.
  There are all these safeguards—negative Resolution, careful examination by the Advisory Council of experts, and then, if the workman still persists in refusing to comply with the Regulation or in refusing to follow the advice which a doctor gives him, he has a further chance of showing that he has some reasonable ground—I do not say a perfect ground, but a reasonable ground— for his attitude. That is all that this Clause does. I submit to the House that it could not reasonably do less, and that the Bill would be completely unworkable
  898
  —this whole elaborate insurance scheme would be unworkable—without some machinery of that sort. I submit that, as it is framed, the Bill creates machinery which is in fact apposite and suitable to deal with the kind of problem that will arise. They are not, in the great majority of cases, diseases which are unknown, or whose causes may give rise to a great deal of medical controversy. The majority of cases are physical injuries which will require surgical treatment, or at any rate treatment of a well-recognised type, which can be recommended after an examination by the doctor. These words provide that the workman must submit to medical examination for that, including other purposes. I ask the House to reject the Amendment.
  Dr. Morgan: I have not been fortunate enough to hear the bulk of the discussion on this Amendment, neither was I fortunate enough to be a Member of the Standing Committee on this Bill, and therefore I intervene here with some trepidation. The Solicitor-General said that the workman should have some reasonable ground for refusing treatment, and he said that of course there must, quite naturally, be some machinery in the Bill providing for the workman to be examined and to have any treatment necessary for his cure. He also said, and I do not think he recognised the full significance of his words, that the bulk of the cases were of physical injuries resulting from accidents. But an injustice, even in one case, resulting from an industrial disease or from a nervous ailment like a neurosis subsequent to a physical accident, is still an injustice. Machinery should be available by which a man should be able to express his views.
  I have a great deal of sympathy with the views expressed on this Amendment. A great deal of this anti-medical prejudice that exists is the aftermath of the conditions that have been allowed to exist. Workmen in the past have been examined by a particular set of doctors with a particular mind. Their object has always been to try to see, first, whether the man was malingering—a thing that does not really exist—or whether the man was trying to prove that his physical injury, or disease was due to an accident, whereas the Ministry of Pensions tried to pretend that it was not. Medical education needs

  899
  revision from top to bottom. Assessment of disability resulting from diseases or accident has not been taught up to the present in our best medical schools. I suppose I shall get kicked by the medical profession, as I usually do when I say this outside.
  But even if what has been said is true, even if the medical profession in the past has made mistakes, even if it is true that some nature cures in exceptional cases have produced results the trained man has not produced, the fact remains that the workman is entitled to the best trained professional medical treatment he can get. No untrained treatment is sufficient. The ordinary workman is entitled to the very best advice, diagnosis, and treatment he can get, and the Government are entitled to provide machinery and means whereby that workman shall receive the best advice possible; and I fail to see why any scheme to which all workers contribute, and the public through the taxes also contribute, should not lay down the rules and regulations for the appropriate treatment of every individual, on a broad scale. Treatment must be of the best.
  My difficulty is to know whether the Minister is going to get the men who will be adequate to give the medical treatment needed. I see machinery available for the examination of a man by some doctor; I see no machinery yet available, or in the making, to ensure the workman is to get that sympathetic handling and diplomatic advice he needs when he is perturbed, perhaps, by two different opinions—perhaps, two trained opinions; perhaps, an untrained opinion and a trained one—as to his proper treatment. But the fact remains that the workman, as I said before, should have the best treatment. I have had considerable experience of seeing workmen badly treated by doctors. They ought to have doctors associated with the work I am doing, and receive proper handling, sympathetic handling, with the case properly explained to them.
  If the patients refuse treatment they can come back again later on, and in 99 cases out of 100 they come to realise, at last, that they have come into an atmosphere where they believe they will have the best done for them. I am only asking that the machinery to be provided in this Bill should be for treatment of that description. I am saying that the
  900
  workman is entitled to the very best treatment available, in his illness at the acute stage, and, later, in the chronic stage of his disability. If the Minister sees the type of medical man who is to do this work is of the right type—not of the type who represent his Department: God knows how some of them get there!— if he sees he gets doctors of the right type, he will be doing the workman a great deal of good, and I, personally, hope there will be machinery to see he gets the right type of doctor to give the workman a square deal, which he has not had in the past.
  Wing-Commander Cooper: I want to speak briefly in favour of this Amendment. The words in the Clause about '' appropriate '' treatment occur again in Subsection (2b ).I cannot in my own experience remember any group of doctors who would agree on what, in many cases, is appropriate treatment. For that reason alone, to include that phrase in this Clause seems to me indefensible. The Solicitor-General spoke of treatment of well recognised types. What may be recognised now was probably not recognised years previously and may not be recognised in years to come. The medical profession is something which is very fluid. It is perpetually changing in its theories, and to tie ourselves to phraseology of this sort, I think, is inappropriate.
  I should like to refer in this respect" to a quite substantial minority of the people of this country who do not believe in medical practice, in allopathic or homeopathic treatment, but who have gained benefit from other methods of treatment. Some have already been mentioned, but I should like to refer to that body of people who would not submit to medical treatment because of their religious principles. I am thinking, amongst others, of that body known as Christian Scientists. It is compulsory under this Bill that people like that must submit to medical treatment. Surely, it cannot be the intention of the Minister to penalise those who wish to employ other methods of healing. The Solicitor-General, as I recall, said that all those people who do submit themselves to medical examination should also submit themselves to "treatment of well recognised types "; and he, on that score, contended that the latter part of the Clause should stand.

  901
  What is recognised today is not recognised tomorrow is it the intention of the Minister, may I ask, that those people who do not submit themselves for medical treatment shall not be penalised? Can he give me an assurance, for instance, that when the Regulations are brought into force people who wish for forms of treatment other than medical treatment will not 'be penalised in any way? If that assurance can be given, it will satisfy the purpose with which the Amendment is being moved.
  9.0 p.m.
  Mr. Eccles: The Minister summed up his views about this on the Committee stage in the following words:
  " I think hon. Members will agree that the provisions of the Bill should be made such as to persuade the man to do the things which axe necessary in the interests of his own recovery."
  That is the real point. In this new industrial chapter in workmen's compensation do we still think it necessary to take powers, and, in this case, to impose a financial penalty to persuade a man to do what he does not want to do? I suggest that that is part of the old chapter of workmen's compensation. We want to persuade a man under this Bill by methods which are different in principle from the old methods of having insurance companies trying to reduce financial liabilities by the aid of medical practitioners who are their servants. We require good doctors, and I. agree with the hon. Member opposite that we have not enough good doctors. The right thing to do is to press forward to get them. Hon. Gentlemen opposite who have spoken in favour of this Amendment certainly cannot want a State medical service because that would deny to the injured workman a choice of doctor which is, quite rightly, what he desires. Are we to assume that all these nature healers mentioned by the hon. Member for North St. Pancras (Mr. House) will in fact be in the State medical service?
  I believe that the House, having heard the hon. Member for North St. Pancras, must see that this financial penalty to make a man do what he does not want to do is incongruous with the rest of the Bill. I hope that the Minister will state a little more clearly what appeal the man has. This Clause is badly drawn. The penalties are tucked away in Clause 66, and any appeal which the man has against any
  902
  of these instructions, if I may call them such, is not in that Clause. I am not at all satisfied. I believe that this is an interference with the liberty of the subject, which is not needed under this new principle of workmen's compensation.
  Mr. James Griffiths: We have had a long discussion upon this matter which is one of great importance. It is perhaps difficult for us to approach this problem in considering the context of the Bill in the spirit under which this service will have to be administered if it is to be a success. In the past, when a man received an injury, he was requested by the employer to attend at a certain place to be examined by a gentleman, if I may say so with respect to the doctor Members here, who was known as a compensation doctor—partly or fully employed by insurance companies and others, and not strictly employed for purely medical purposes. Under this Bill when a man receives an injury and makes a claim for benefit, we take power to enable the medical officer acting for the Ministry and for the service to require the man to be examined in order to assess the effects of the injury and to suggest and advise proper treatment.
  Hon. Members opposite speak about personal liberty. By Acts of Parliament passed by them in the last 30 years the right to request a man to go for examination has been given to the employer, and they object to it being given to the men under a new service of this kind. Under present Acts if employers ask a workman to attend on a certain day for examination and he does not do it, they say "We will stop your compensation and you will have to go to court to get it back." Here obviously we will have our own doctor and the man will have his doctor and there will be consultation between the two. Most of the cases concerned here are physical injury or industrial diseases and we all know the kind of cases I mean, cases like hernia, nystagmus, pneumoconiosis. With respect to the hon. Member for North St. Pancras (Mr. House) and the hon. Member for North Battersea (Mr. Douglas), who have spoken this evening with all sincerity, I want to make it clear that where a man is ordered treatment in respect of industrial injury or industrial diseases and he refuses to undergo that treatment payments are suspended. Speaking as one who was injured, I think

  903
  that guidance and discipline in a certain measure are for all of us essential. I do not think workmen will object to that.
  Sometimes it will be that a man will say, "I object to this treatment, so I refuse to undergo this operation." Sometimes it is a minor operation and sometimes it is a major one. When a refusal like that is made to the insurance officer he is empowered to suspend payments, but when payments are suspended there is a right of appeal. The appeal is to a local tribunal presided over by a chairman, who has legal qualifications, sitting with two assessors and two other members of the tribunal, one of whom is drawn from the employers' panel and the other from the workmen's panel. That will be an infinitely better tribunal to decide matters of this kind than any court of law, because there will be brought to each case human experience and understanding. I am satisfied it is going to work well.
  We have heard with great respect and great regard the expressions of opinion of the hon. Members for North St. Pancras and North Battersea, but I would say that the matters which they mentioned as falling within the scope of this Bill will be infinitesimal. If there be such cases where a workman is a conscientious objector he can go to a tribunal and say, "I will not accept that treatment because I have conscientious objections." The tribunal if it is satisfied that a good case has been made out can agree, while beyond the tribunal is the Commissioner. I think, therefore, we have taken every reasonable precaution to see that no injury is done. I will tell the House what is now the real trouble. The real trouble has been that appropriate treatment has been left too long. For the first few months after a man was injured very often the doctors were involved in a struggle as to whether he would get compensation or not, not whether he got better or not. I believe that in a scheme of this sort administration is important, but do let us realise that the Ministry of National Insurance and the insurance officer working schemes of this kind have no interest in denying a man his compensation or payment under this Bill.
  We have a real interest in seeing that he gets fair treatment and fair play, and for the first time in a Workmen's Compensation Act it will be our concern to see
  904
  that a man gets not only what he is entitled to receive, but that also he is encouraged and helped and advised to secure treatment. I would remind the House that the Bill to provide a complete national health service will bring to all, including the injured, all that is best in medical science and knowledge.
  Dr. Morgan: Pending the development of a national health service, which will take some time, may I ask my right hon. Friend where he is going to get his rehabilitation centres in order to provide adequate rehabilitation and treatment for the men whom he intends to compel to have certain treatment?
  Mr. Griffiths: We certainly cannot provide a full scheme until it is ready. In the meantime, we have our miners' rehabilitation centre in South Wales. I do not think we are asking for anything that is unreasonable, and I can give the House an assurance that we have no desire to penalise or persecute workmen. All we desire to do is to develop the rehabilitation service fully, so that we can cure them, and set them up in independent life.
  Mr. Douglas: Will my right hon. Friend give an undertaking that the regulations will be framed so that those who have a conscientious objection to the treatment prescribed may not be obliged to take it?
  Mr. Griffiths: I have said already that the regulations, when they are made, will have to be submitted to the National Advisory Council. They will advise me as to whether the regulations are such that I ought to carry them out. After that, the regulations will be laid on the Table, and. this House will have an opportunity of discussing them. I am quite certain that cases of this kind are best settled on their merits, and I shall design the regulations with a view to enabling the tribunal to deal with the merits of each case.
  Mr. Charles Williams: I am rather puzzled as to what this is all about. I agree with much of what has been said, but what does the Amendment mean? Subsection 1 (a) of the Clause gives authorities power to order an examination for the purpose of determining what is the best treatment. The Amendment says that there must not be that examination and that the words

  905
  "… all the treatment appropriate to the relevant injury or loss of faculty,"
  should be deleted. It appears, then, that you allow those words to be taken out of the Clause, but that you do not allow an examination prior to treatment. That is my reading of what the Amendment means. Therefore, I do not see why we should have had to listen to the very long speeches which have been made on this point, almost entirely from supporters of the Government.
  9.15 p.m.
  Mr. Blyton: I am doubtful what the Minister intends in this Clause. Subsection 4(a) of the Clause, which my hon. Friend is seeking to delete, says:
  " any directions given him by the medical practitioner in attendance; and "
  The Minister referred to cases of hernia, and mentioned minor operations. I must speak frankly. I accept that on the question of amputations and other operations, this Act is not going to put the workman in any worse position than he is in under the present compensation Act. A workman can today, on a doctor's note, state that he is going to refuse amputation on any part of his body; he can also get a doctor's note to say that an operation would be prejudicial to his health, and he can still continue to draw his compensation without any disqualification attending to it. Am I to understand that under this Clause, the manner of compensation is to be left to a tribunal, to interpret whether a doctor's recommendation is or is not a proper treatment. The doctor may recommend that a man may go through an operation for hernia. On the other hand the man may say '' I can carry out my work all right with a truss." Are we going to say that because the doctor certifies that this man is to have an operation, and the man refuses, that we will stop his compensation until he goes on the operating table and subjects himself to the knife?
  This matter ought to be cleared up, and we ought to be given some indication of what the rights of the workmen are in relation to amputations and operations. It is a serious question. I have always held, even under the Workmen's Compensation Act, that a man's body is inviolate, and that he himself is the determining factor whether he will have a limb taken off or an operation performed on him or not. Having made that point, I
  906
  must say that I do understand the Minister's point of view in other matters. If a man has a fracture and is recommended for orthopaedic treatment, then I think that man ought to go and see to it that his bones get moving again in order to get him back into employment. I do, however, feel very disturbed about that part of the speech where the Minister has spoken about leaving a tribunal to determine whether a man should or should not subject himself to a particular course of treatment, and I would most certainly ask the Minister to try and set our minds at rest on these two particular points.
  Wing-Commander Cooper: Would it not be possible to include somewhere in this Clause the words "if there is good cause ''? There is an equivalent phrase in the National Insurance Bill and it does seem to me to satisfy the case where an individual may have some particular scruples for objecting to medical treatment.
  Mr. Marlowe: The argument put forward by the right hon. Gentleman is one of the most astonishing this House has heard. He began by saying that over a good many years of what I understood him to mean Tory legislation the system has been one under which empoyers were entitled to nominate their own doctors. I gathered from the way he said this that he regarded the system as objectionable. His deduction, however, from then on, was a rather surprising one, because he went on to say that this objectionable system was one which he was going to incorporate in the Bill and the regulations would be more stringent.
  Mr. Griffiths: I never said anything of the kind.
  Mr. Marlowe: I do not think there can be any doubt about it, because that is what I understood him to say, and that is how I understood the right hon. Gentleman to be arguing his case. I understood him to make the point that it was under Tory legislation during the past 20 or 30 years, and the phrase that he used was to the effect that under the system the employer nominated the doctor. Now the position here is, and it will become more so as the country comes increasingly under State employment, the employer will still nominate the doctor. Under this Bill there will, in fact, be a doctor appointed by the right hon. Gentleman,

  907
  and he will have virtual power of life and death over the workman. That to me is an intolerable position. I ask the right hon. Gentleman to look at this again. The present situation is this: If a man is dissatisfied he can at least get a contrary opinion from another doctor and weigh them one against the other.
  Mr. Griffiths: The present position is quite clear. It is that a man must submit himself to an examination by the doctor appointed or employed by the employer. If he refuses, the employer has the right to stop benefit.
  Mr. House: The doctor has not the right to prescribe treatment.
  Mr. Griffiths: Of course he has.
  Mr. Marlowe: A workman may also seek his own medical opinion and bring the matter before a court for decision. That is a very different situation from that which the right hon. Gentleman is creating under this Bill where the doctor may given directions which the workman is obliged to accept under forfeiture of benefit if he does not.
  Mr. Griffiths: He can have recourse to the tribunal.
  Mr. Marlowe: The right hon. Gentleman refers to his tribunal. I shall be careful to keep in Order on this, but it is impossible to consider this Clause without also considering Clause 32, which states specifically that in certain circumstances, such as failure to observe regulations under Clause 26, the man shall forfeit his benefit. It would be wrong for me to deal with Clause 32, which will be dealt with in due course, but the position is that if the workman does not obey the regulations, and, therefore, the directions which are given to him, he is liable to forfeit his benefit. That certainly is a far more stringent position than the workman is in under the present law.
  An Hon. Member: Would not the workman still be entitled to produce his own medical certificate to a tribunal?
  Mr. Marlowe: It must be remembered that we are dealing with a system where the witness, as it were, for the right hon. Gentleman, is his own doctor appearing before a Tribunal appointed by the right hon. Gentleman, a very different situation
  908
  from that which obtains under the present system where independent parties come before an independent court. [Laughter.] The Minister laughs, but perhaps I have greater respect for courts of law than he has. I would personally far sooner submit a case of this kind to an ordinary court of law than to any tribunal appointed by the right hon. Gentleman. It is perhaps not the moment to go into that. What concerns me in this matter is the position of the workman who is ordered to submit to an operation to which he may object. How many hundreds, even thousands, of cases there may have been where a man has been ordered an operation by a doctor but knew, inside himself, what was good for him, and has refused to undergo it, and in the end it has been proved that he was right and the doctor wrong.
  Suppose, under the law which the right hon. Gentleman proposes to introduce, the position is that a doctor may say to a man, "You must submit to the amputation of a limb." If the man refuses, the right hon. Gentleman and the Tribunal may say to him, "Well then, no benefit." But for all we know the workman may be right. His refusal to submit to the amputation may well show that his experience of his own body is of considerably more importance than that of some doctor who has seen him, perhaps, for the first time in his life.
  Dr. Morgan: Is that the Tory idea of medicine?
  Mr. Marlowe: I ask the right hon. Gentleman to remember the words of warning I gave him. He is entering a very difficult field, one upon which many people feel very strongly. I hope he will think that this matter is at least worthy of his reconsideration and that he will ensure that where a workman does not wish to submit to an operation he may at least refuse to do so without suffering any penalty under this Bill.
  The Solicitor-General: I should like, with the permission of the House, to speak again and, in view of what has just been said by hon. Members, to contrast the two positions, one under the Workmen's Compensation Acts and the other under the Bill. In the first case, the employer serves a medical certificate, and the workman serves a counter-certificate.The

  909
  matter then goes to a county court judge who has to determine which doctor is right. That is the position under the Workmen's Compensation Acts. Under the Bill, the workman is in a much better position.
  Mr. J. Griffiths: Of course he is.
  The Solicitor-General: Suppose the Ministry's doctor says, "You ought to submit to this, that or the other treatment," and the workman does not agree. The workman does not agree, because he feels that he knows his own body better than the doctor knows it, or because some other doctor, or perhaps a personal friend, has told him that the Ministry's doctor is wrong; or the workman has a conscientious scruple or some well-grounded fear. He refuses, in any of those circumstances to comply with the direction that he should undergo a certain treatment.
  What happens? His compensation can be stopped, but only if the insurance officer, having heard all the circumstances, not merely the opinion of the doctor on the workman's objection but the workman's grounds of objection, comes to the conclusion that the workman has no reasonable ground for refusing to submit to the treatment. Only in those circumstances can the workman be deprived of his compensation. Insurance officers may take different views. People approach these things in different frames of mind. It is left to the insurance officer, taking a reasonable and human view of the matter, to ask himself whether the workman, owing to his conscientious scruple, or fear, or contrary advice, or unfortunate medical experience in the past, has reasonable ground for refusing. If he has, the workman does not forfeit his compensation. If he has no reasonable grounds for refusing of any of those kinds, only then car it be said that he shall forfeit his compensation.
  If we contrast those two positions, the workman is seen to be in a far more favourable position under the proposals of the Bill than he is under the Workmen's Compensation Acts, under which there is a dispute between doctors. If it is shown that the workman's doctor is wrong, the workman loses his compensation. Under the Bill, if the workman can show, not that the Ministry's doctor is wrong but that he has any other reasonable ground for not complying with what
  910
  the Ministry's doctor recommended, that is sufficient for the workman to be enabled to retain his compensation. He is in a far better position under the terms of the Bill than he ever was under Workmen's Compensation.
  Sir ' William Darling: The tribunal will be appointed by the Minister. What guarantee is there that the insurance officer will go against the tribunal?
  Sir Henry Morris-Jones: I am afraid that the Solicitor-General has made matters more complicated than they were before, and much worse from the point of view of the Government. At the present time, a man can appeal to a judge of a court of law, who has two medical men as assessors whom he can consult. Under the proposition now before the House concerning the, man who has disagreed with the Government's doctor about treatment prescribed, to whom is that man to appeal? Apparently to an insurance officer, according to the learned Solicitor-General— a layman. This layman has to decide on a purely medical issue.
  9.30 p.m.
  The illustration given by my hon. and learned Friend the Member for Brighton (Mr. Marlowe) was a very good one. Suppose, for the sake of argument, a man goes before the Government doctor who advises amputation of a limb. It is well known, as' my hon. and learned Friend pointed out, that over and over again within the knowledge of medical men, certainly within the knowledge of laymen, nature has asserted herself in cases where amputation was prescribed and refused, and a limb has become perfectly well without any operation. Supposing in a case of that kind a man refuses an operation, the question of his compensation will be determined by a lay individual, an insurance officer. How is that insurance officer to determine whether or not the man has a reasonable objection? Is he in a better position to judge than the medical assessors in a court of law? What right has he to determine that this man has not a reasonable objection to having his leg amputated? He has no medical knowledge, no knowledge of the man's constitution, no knowledge of his heredity, no knowledge whatsoever on which to base a view and yet, according to the

  911
  learned Solicitor-General he has the right to refuse the man compensation simply because the man according to his own mind has a just and reasonable objection to what he considers to be a danger to life and limb. Previously I thought on the whole that the Government had a reasonable case, and that the man's compensation would not be stopped until he had appeared before a tribunal, but the hon. and learned Gentleman now says that it is not so, that it is now determined by a layman—
  Mr. Lindgren: Subject to appeal.
  Dr. Morgan: Surely the Minister made it perfectly clear that the man has a right of appeal to a tribunal.
  The Solicitor-General: If the hon. Gentleman will give way to me, it would come under Clause 36 (2) which says that in the first place any question arising on a claim or an award of benefit shall go to an insurance officer, and from him to a local appeal tribunal or the Commissioner appointed in accordance with the Bill.
  Sir H. Morris-Jones: I still adhere to my view, and I consider that at the present moment, where the workman has the right to go before a judge in a court of law, who sits with a medical assessor on each side of him and advises purely from a professional point of view, he is in an infinitely better position than he would be under this Bill.
  'Dr. Stephen Taylor: I hope the Government will resist this Amendment because I am afraid it is making nonsense of the whole Clause. I think the hon. Gentleman the Member for Torquay (Mr. C. Williams) is quite right in what he says. All this Amendment does is to suggest that the doctor should not be permitted to carry out examination for treatment, but it still permits treatment in the next Subsection, which makes complete nonsense of the whole thing. I think the hon. Member for North Battersea (Mr. Douglas) really ought to have amended the next Subsection if he wishes to achieve the result he does.
  Mr. Eccles: I understood the Minister to say that the insurance officer could stop the benefit and then the man would go before the tribunal. If the man has no savings and has a family that interval
  912
  may be a real hardship. Could the Minister not change the thing round and say that the benefit shall not be stopped until the tribunal has heard the appeal?
  Mr. James Griffiths: The position in. the Bill is that the insurance officer would certainly not issue instructions to a man to undergo treatment or an operation on his own initiative. The insurance officer would receive a report from a doctor that the Ministry had asked to see the man. He would then have the power to suspend payment of the benefit and let the man appeal to the tribunal or he would have the power—which I believe is the best course to pursue—without suspending benefit to refer the matter to the tribunal. With some experience of this kind of work in practice, I believe it is essential to have both powers. I agree entirely that the way in which the powers are used will be of very great importance to the success of the scheme, and the insurance officer has both powers. That would not deny us the right to suspend in some cases.
  Mr. C. Williams: Why did the Minister not get up an hour ago and point put the perfectly simple fact that this Amendment would make complete nonsense and not affect the matter in the way we desire?
  Amendment negatived.
  Mr. Douglas: I beg to move, in page 18, line 34, leave out from "recovery" to the end of line 38.
  I hope this Amendment will meet with a little more success than did the previous one. The Minister has already put down an Amendment which goes more than half way to meet it The Solicitor-General indicated that he considered that the workman under this Bill had a safeguard in his right to appeal under Clause 32, Sub- section (2) in the words "reasonable cause." If that is so, I hope the Minister is willing to agree that this Subsection is sufficient if it states that it is the duty of the person claiming or entitled to injury benefit
  " not to behave in any manner calculated to retard his recovery,"
  without attempting to prejudice by regulations and rules of what is or of what is not "conduct likely to retard his recovery." That is all I am asking for in this Amendment so that the question of the man appealing can be completely at

  913
  large and not prejudiced by the production of a set of rules or the determination of some doctor that he ought to do such and such a thing.
  Mr. House: I beg to second the Amendment.
  The Solicitor-General: I am sorry that we cannot accept the Amendment. As my hon. Friend has said, we have, as appears from the Order Paper, gone more than half way on the road he wants us to pursue. We have put down an Amendment, which, if accepted, would exclude paragraph (a) of Subsection (4). That is a paragraph which deals with directions which may be given to the man by the medical practitioner. That, we accept, should come out of the Bill. We accept that it should not be put upon the workman that he should be under a duty, in terms of Subsection (4) to comply with those directions. Therefore, in putting that Amendment on the Order Paper, we have, in my submission, met the substance of the point which is made by the Amendment of my hon. Friend. I ask the House to say that that is quite sufficient.
  The only thing that remains is that the workman should be under a duty not to do anything that would retard his recovery, and under a duty to comply with any prescribed rules of behaviour. That is elastic, and is not in any sense a precedent. In connection with these prescribed rules, I would venture to repeat what I said a few minutes ago in regard to the previous Clause we were discussing. These rules have to be submitted to the Advisory Committee, which will consist of experts, who can give advice on the desirability of what the rules seek to bring about. Again the rules have to be laid before the House. Therefore, with these safeguards, it cannot be said to be in any sense a precedent for the workman to provide that it shall be his duty to comply with any prescribed rules of behaviour as set out in the relevant paragraph. They would be a general form of rules of behaviour, failure to follow which might retard a workman's recovery. The matter is left vague and elastic in order that there shall be reasonable discretion in the Ministry to try to guide the workman towards recovery. For those reasons I ask the House to reject the Amendment, in the knowledge that the next Amendment on
  914
  the Order Paper, which is in the name of the Minister, goes more than half way to achieving the purpose which my hon. Friend the Member for North Battersea (Mr. Douglas) has in putting down the Amendment. In those circumstances I ask the House to reject the Amendment.
  Mr. Marlowe: Could the Solicitor-General answer this point: Do any prescribed rules of behaviour have to be laid before the House?
  The Solicitor-General: Yes, Sir.
  Major Boyd-Carpenter: As the Solicitor-General has said, paragraph (6), which he is proposing to leave in the Bill regarding prescribed rules of behaviour, is elastic. That is an almost inadequate description of an extraordinarily wide provision. It is all very well for the learned Solicitor-General to say, as he does so charmingly and plausibly, that such powers will only be used on the advice of appropriate committees, and in a most kindly, considerate and conciliatory fashion. Be that so, the House is being asked to give to the Minister, who may not always be the right hon. Gentleman, powers to prescribe any prescribed rules of behaviour which an injured workman breaks at the possible cost of losing his benefit for life. I would protest against such unnecessarily wide powers being given to a Minister merely on his undertaking not to use them.
  9.45 p.m.
  That is surely an abdication by this House of its authority. It is surely abdication to do it when it is so unnecessarily wide. In circumstances such as those just suggested by the learned Solicitor- General—some such provision as "any conduct which there was reasonable cause to believe would retard his recovery "—there might be some cause for it, but there can be no cause for giving the Minister power to lay down any prescribed rules. It is possible that we might have a Minister less reasonable than the present one who objected, for example, to alcohol or tobacco. Under this Clause it would be perfectly open to him to lay down that no injured workman could smoke or drink or he would forfeit his benefit. That is an extreme case. I know perfectly well the Minister will say he is not going to do that. I would repeat that the fact that the Minister will not use excessive powers is no argument whatsoever for giving them..
  Mr. Peake: I must confess I am not very satisfied with the reply given from the Front Bench opposite to this Amendment. I am quite sympathetic to the idea that there should be some sanction of a financial character where a man unreasonably refuses to undergo appropriate medical treatment, but we have already got that in Subsection (2) of the Clause. We have accepted a Clause under which Regulations may provide for requiring claimants to submit themselves from time to time to appropriate medical treatment for the said injury or loss of faculty.
  In Subsection (4), which the hon. Gentleman the Member for North Battersea (Mr. Douglas) now wishes to curtail, it says:
  "… it shall be the duty of any person claiming or entitled to injury benefit… not to behave in any manner calculated to retard his recovery."
  I agree with the hon. Gentleman the Member for North Battersea that Subsection (4) might very well end at that point because what does the Subsection as proposed by the Minister now to be amended proceed to say? Beyond that point it goes on to say:
  "…and in particular to observe….(b) any prescribed rules of behaviour."
  Now the learned Solicitor-General has explained that "any prescribed rules or behaviour" does not mean rules of behaviour prescribed for the individual patient. The word "prescribed" under this Bill has a technical meaning, and if hon. Members turn to page 59 of the Bill, Clause 85, they will find a definition of the word:
  " ' prescribe ' means, unless the context otherwise requires, prescribe by regulations."
  Therefore, it would appear that the rules of behaviour to be laid down under the Clause now under discussion are to be rules of behaviour laid down by regulation. The right hon. Gentleman will require a most elaborate code of regulations if he is going to prescribe by regulation codes of behaviour for patients suffering from an infinite variety of industrial injuries and diseases. I cannot therefore bring myself to believe that the words "prescribed rules of behaviour," in Subsection (3) of this Clause really mean rules of behaviour prescribed by regulations.
  I am quite sure what the draftsman intended these words to mean was rules
  916
  of behaviour prescribed by a doctor for the individual case under consideration. If that be the true meaning of the words, then I say these words are really not necessary because we have already got, under Subsection (2) of the Clause, a provision compelling the man, subject to the penalty of loss of his benefits, to submit himself to appropriate medical treatment for the injury or loss of faculty.
  You have also in Subsection (4) an obligation on the man, also subject to the penalty of losing his benefit, not to behave in any manner calculated to retard his recovery. I do not see why it is necessary to go beyond these two powers and take a third power to deprive a man of his benefit because he does not follow some rule laid down for his individual case by a doctor appointed and paid by the Minister. There may be many cases where the man" is told by the doctor, "I do not advise you to smoke." That is. just the doctor's advice; but, if he says, "I forbid you to smoke," and the man-is found enjoying a cigarette, he might be disqualified, if those words remain in the Clause, from receiving benefit, as one of my hon. Friends says, for the rest of his life. If the words remain in the Clause providing that a man must not behave in any manner calculated to retard his recovery, that should give sufficient power in the hands of the Minister, and, although I sympathise with the idea that there must be some financial sanction against a man who either refuses to undergo treatment or to behave in a way in which he ought to behave, I think the power asked for by this paragraph goes too far and that the Subsection is complete without it. I shall advise my hon. Friends, if the hon. Member for North Battersea presses the matter to a Division, to support him in the Lobby.
  Mr. Renton: I am not sure that I understand the Amendment entirely, but on the elementary and fundamental maxim of law-making that no law should be made which is unenforceable, I should like to—
  The Solicitor-General: If the House will allow me to speak again on this Amendment, may I say that, having listened to the speeches, we have thought the matter over again and- we are taking steps to see that the Amendment is accepted?
  Amendment agreed to.
  Further Consideration of the Bill, as amended, adjourned—.[Mr. Mathers.]
  Bill (as amended in Standing Committee and on recommittal) to be further considered Tomorrow.

  PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS
  Resolved:
  " That the Electoral Registration Regulations, 1946, dated 4th February, 1946, made by the Secretary of State for the Home Department under the Parliamentary Electors (War-Time Registration) Acts, 1943 and 1944, the Representation of the People Act, 1945, and the Elections and Jurors Act, 1945, a copy of which Regulations was presented on.7th February, be approved.—[Mr. Whiteley.]

  TRADING LICENCE (EX-SERVICE MAN'S APPLICATION)
  Motion made, and Question proposed, "That this House do now adjourn."— [Mr. Mathers.]
  9.55 p.m.
  Mr. Sidney Shephard: On a point of Order. May I ask which Minister is to reply to this Debate on the Motion for the Adjournment? I gave notice a fortnight ago to the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food, and I do not see the hon. Lady here. I should like your guidance on this matter, Mr. Speaker.
  Mr. Speaker: It is not a point of Order for me. I cannot order a Minister to be here, but, if the hon. Gentleman continues with his speech, I have no doubt that the Minister will be here shortly. We have interrupted proceedings earlier than was expected.
  Mr. Shephard: Amid the welter of legislation which this House is called upon to pass, it is well for us, from time to time, to keep in mind the individual problems of the man in the street. The matter which I wish to raise on the Adjournment tonight concerns a grievance of one of my constituents. In the normal way, one tries to get satisfaction from a Minister by question and answer in correspondence, and if that fails the only remedy left is to raise the matter on the Adjournment. My constituent, Mr. R. Willey, of 101, Boundary Road, Newark was from the age of 16 until the beginning of the war engaged in the corn and animal feeding
  918
  stuff trade. He worked for some years for Messrs. J. Carter amp; Co., a firm of seedsmen in London, and was paid on a salary and commission basis. One of the terms of his agreement was that, in addition to selling for his principals, he could also deal on his own account. For the three years prior to the war he did so to the extent of something like£2,000 to£3,000 a year. On 3rd September, 1939, being in the local Territorial Yeomanry, Mr. Willey was called up and served in the Army for six years, four of which he spent as a prisoner of war.
  When he came back he was 39 years of age, and he thought the time had arrived when he should have the opportunity of striking out for himself. He applied to the appropriate Ministry for a licence to deal in homegrown grain and animal feeding stuffs. His application was refused on two grounds, first, that he had not acted as a principal before the war and, secondly, that there was no evidence to show that, in that particular area, the services of an additional merchant were necessary. He then came to me and I took up the matter with the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food. I wrote and asked her to reconsider this case. I pointed out, first, that the applicant had had a long experience of the trade, that he had served six years in the Forces and that he was 39 years of age. But I failed to get any satisfaction. With regard to the first reason for refusal of the licence, as I pointed out earlier, my constituent had, in fact, acted as a principal in addition to representing this firm. I have not the slightest doubt that had he been in this country when the register was made, he would have been included in it. But it is the second reason which seems to me to be open to very strong criticism. To ascertain whether the needs of a particular area require an additional merchant, reference is made to a local wheat commitee, composed of four merchants, four millers and four farmers. Such action was taken in this case. One would have supposed that, when the Minister referred this case to the committee, the secretary of the committee would have called a meeting, that the committee would have discussed the case and that they would have forwarded a recommendation to the Minister. I wrote to the Minister and asked if she would let me know the names of the members who sat on the committee on this occasion. I

  919
  received what was, to me, a most peculiar answer. The Minister replied:
  " The committee is not under the control of this Department, and I am not in a position to give the names of members who may have been present at a particular meeting."
  There appears to be some mystery as to how this decision was made. Were the farmers consulted? Were the millers consulted? What was the method of consultation? I understand that the committee was never called together, and that this recommendation which was submitted to the Minister, was the recommendation of the secretary after consultation with a few of the members. Perhaps when she replies, the Parliamentary Secretary will be able to assure me that she will look into this point, because it is very important. The importance of this point is that the equity of this committee rests in the fact that there are four of each— merchants, millers and farmers—and, therefore, if only four merchants were consulted, it would obviously be wrong.
  But apart from that irregularity, and without imputing any wrong motives to any of the members of this committee, it seems wrong to me that members of a trade should have to sit in judgment on a man who wishes to enter that trade. A system of this kind is bound to be open to abuse, and, after all, this committee is in the nature of a tribunal. The Minister accepts their advice, and the essential thing in a tribunal is impartiality. It is very difficult to see how these committees can be impartial since some of their businesses might be affected by their decisions. What would it have meant, in fact, if this young man had been given a licence to trade? He would have been in competition with the merchants who sat on that committee. Starting out for himself after six years away at the war, he would probably have worked hard. We know many of those who stayed at home have not worked hard, and there has been no necessity for them to work hard; business has been so easy. He would undoubtedly have taken some of the business away from them. It also seems to me that the position confers a monopoly, and that is" a word which hon. Members opposite do not like. It seems to me to confer a monopoly on those people who were in the trade before the war.
  If my constituent had been 23 or 24 years of age, it really would not have
  920
  mattered, but he is 39 years of age. He has done all this service for his country; he has had a long experience in this trade. He has the necessary financial backing, and I do not think he should be subject to this frustration. He is probably one of thousands who, during the time they were serving and during the time they were in captivity, were making plans for the time when they returned home, and it is this type of treatment which makes the ex-Service man so bitter. I beg the Parliamentary Secretary to reconsider this particular case and to look into the question of how this committee did its work. Also, would she please reconsider this particular Order, which I do not think is necessary now that the war is over? It was brought in as a wartime measure, and I think the need for it has now ceased.
  10.4 p.m.
  The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food (Dr. Edith Summerskill): Although no doubt the hon. Member for Newark (Mr. Shephard) has a wide knowledge of the work of the Ministry of Food, I feel that perhaps the licensing procedure followed is not quite clear to him. I will explain to him the general licensing policy followed by the Ministry. It is based on the fact—and I ask hon. Members to realise how important this fact is—that food, raw materials, labour and transport are limited. Therefore, every individual who applies for a licence has to satisfy certain conditions. We found that it was very necessary to prevent the indiscriminate licensing of new businesses, until it could be shown that those businesses were necessary in the national interests. I want to explain to the hon. Member how we apply our rules, so far as the homegrown grain industry is concerned. An applicant, whether he is an ex-Service man or not, is given a licence automatically, if he can prove that he has been engaged in business as a principal. In a moment I am going to deal with the case of Mr. R. Willey which the hon. Member has raised, but that point must be borne in mind. We divide the applicants into two groups, and if those who are ex-traders come into what we call our priority group, those ex-traders are automatically given licences.Secondly, it must be proved that the particular work an applicant wishes to perform will be in the national interest and that, so far as the grain industry is concerned, there is a need for an additional approved buyer

  921
  in the area in which the applicant wishes to trade, in order to ensure the orderly marketing of the grain.
  In considering these applications it is also necessary—and this is where the committee to which the hon. Member referred performs a useful function—for the Ministry to have reliable information, first as to the need of an approved buyer, and secondly as to the suitability of the applicant. I would remind the House that it is essential for the Ministry to be assured that these approved merchants have available all the facilities necessary for ready marketing, and to ensure that new licences are not issued to persons who will be unable to provide such facilities. It is necessary of course to move the grain rapidly from the farm. If transport is not available, then the farmers blame the Ministry of Food for being inefficient. Furthermore, it is necessary to have warehouses. The grain would have to be moved from the farm to a warehouse and may have to stay there for a short time until it can be transported to the buyer.
  Mr. Shephard: Is the hon. Lady aware that many of these merchants have no transport of their own?
  Dr. Summerskill: Some of them have not, I agree, but I can assure the hon. Member the best approved merchants have, and those who have conduct their businesses perhaps more efficiently than the others. These factors are of course taken into consideration. Therefore, the Ministry has adopted the practice of obtaining recommendations from the local wheat committees covering the areas in question, and has taken those recommendations into account. I want the hon. Member to realise that it is not left to the wheat committee to make the final decision The committee does make a decision, and does advise us, but we can, if we like, revise that decision.
  Mr. Shephard: If the local wheat committee recommends that this man be given a licence, surely the Ministry would act on that.
  Dr. Summerskill: Not necessarily.
  Mr. Shephard: Is there any point in asking for their recommendation?
  Dr. Summerskill: Yes, certainly In the case we have before us, the local committee made a recommendation. The
  922
  hon. Member felt that his constituent, Mr. Willey, had not been treated fairly and communicated with the Ministry. I can assure the hon. Member that I investigated the case very carefully and quite objectively, and if I had thought that Mr. Willey had not been dealt with fairly, the decision would have been revised.
  Mr. Shephard: I am sorry to interrupt again, but most of my case was based on the fact, or rather the assumption, that this committee was never called together. Has the hon. Lady satisfied herself on that point? Is she satisfied that every member of that committee was consulted, and if so, what was the method of consultation?
  Dr. Summerskill: I was explaining to the hon. Member the procedure which we followed—our normal practice—and then I was going to deal with the specific case of Mr. Willey. If he will have a little patience with me, I will explain exactly the procedure followed in Mr Willey's case. First, let me tell him about the local wheat committee. There are 53 of these committees in Great Britain. They were appointed originally by the Wheat Commission set up to administer the Wheat Act of 1932. The members are unpaid, and comprise local merchants, farmers and millers, and, therefore, since the hon. Member said just now that it was not fair for this potential merchant to have his future decided by other merchants, I would remind him that the committee is composed not only of merchants but of millers and producers also. I think I furnished the hon. Member with a list of the members of the committee, and if he looks at that list he will find that of the 12 members of the committee only four are merchants. It is, therefore, impossible for the merchants to have the last word.
  I know the hon. Member has a great deal of knowledge of these matters, and I think he would agree with me that it would be in the interest of the producer to have a large number of merchants, because that would probably facilitate the transport of his grain. So, he cannot argue that the farmers would necessarily vote against Mr. Willey's acceptance. He queried the function of these committees, but I think he would agree with me, as he knows his own area, that these men are surely the best to advise us on local conditions. We have no power or control over their activities, and the meet-

  923
  ings of the committees are held in private. I remember that the hon. Member asked us who attended the committee which decided Mr. Willey's case. One could not possibly disclose a matter of that kind; it would be unfair to ask the committee who attended, because it would be very easy, in a fairly small locality, for those people to feel that, in another case, their hands would be tied. If in each case it was revealed who attended and how they voted, perhaps the committees, which have done excellent service during the war, would be reluctant to continue to serve the Ministry.
  Mr. Shephard: May I interrupt once again, because this is rather an important matter? I said I was given to understand that this committee never, in fact, met. The hon. Lady tells me that there are farmers and millers on the committee, and I agree that there are four of each, but if they were never consulted, would it be a fair decision for the secretary to send to the Ministry?
  Dr. Summerskill: I think the hon. Member has been misinformed. At no time did we tell him that they never met. We have always said that they perform a useful function. I come now to Mr. Willey's case. In the first place, we interviewed Mr. Willey and then we asked the advice of the local wheat committee. They considered his case very carefully and then advised us—so they did meet in Mr. Willey's case. Mr. Willey applied in October, 1945, for a licence to trade as an approved buyer in home grown grain and feeding stuffs. He had served in the Forces from 1939, and he had served his country splendidly. We do not deny it. We recognise that well. We do not want to treat him badly, but the hon. Member will realise that there are other factors to be considered. The hon. Member said that Mr. Willey was engaged in the trade. He was certainly engaged in the trade, but he was employed by a firm of seed crushers from 1927 to 1933 as a salesman, and from 1933 to the outbreak of war, by a firm of agricultural seed merchants, as an agent. I repeat, as an agent. He was now seeking to become an approved buyer. He was now asking to be registered as a merchant, whereas before he was employed as an agent.
  Mr. Shephard: Exactly the same.
  Dr. Summerskill: I am sorry, but I cannot agree that an agent to a firm of seed merchants is the same as an approved buyer.
  Mr. Shephard: What is the difference?
  Dr. Summerskill: I am trying to explain if the hon. Member would only be patient. I did listen to him very quietly. When Mr. Willey was an agent to a seed merchant, he was, I agree, allowed to do a little trading. But if the hon. Member makes further inquiries from Mr. Willey, I think he will find that that trading was of a very minor character. If Mr. Willey had been working when the registration was made, he would not have qualified for registration as an approved buyer. He was interviewed by an inspector of the Home-Grown Cereals Division; and the inspector was very impressed. He realised that Mr. Willey was of the highest integrity. There was no question of that. The application was subsequently referred to Nottingham wheat committee, who reported that the area was already well served by existing approved buyers. There were already twelve approved buyers in Newark. That was what determined the decision of the Ministry of Food. We were advised that there were already a sufficient number of buyers there. It is essential also that we safeguard the existting tradesmen. It was on this ground alone that we could not grant Mr. Willey a licence. I hope that the hon. Member is satisfied. I can assure him we have investigated this case, and it was only because the area was adequately served that we had to refuse him this licence.
  Mr. Shephard: Will the hon. Lady look into this case, and assure herself that every member of that committee was consulted? I know the committee meet but I said that in this particular case the committee did not meet. That is the information I have. Further, may I ask how long is this farce going on? How long is it to be before a man of that age can start in business for himself?
  Dr. Summerskill: When it comes to deciding who shall serve the country, and in what capacity, after the war, we cannot always take age into consideration. So far as the committee meeting is concerned no committee, of course, can ensure that 100 per cent. of its members

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  will turn up at a meeting. I cannot possibly guarantee that 1oo per cent. of the committee were there. How often do 1oo per cent. of the Members of this House turn up even on an Adjournment Motion of this importance? I will take steps to confirm what I have been told, but I cannot believe that responsible officials of the Ministry of Food would say that that Committee met and gave them that advice when the committee, in fact, never met.
  Brigadier Prior-Palmer: What would be the quorum of the committee in this case? Of a committee of twelve how many would form a quorum?
  Dr. Summerskill: The quorum of this committee is five.
  Brigadier Prior-Palmer: If the committee consisted of only four, would it not be valid?
  Dr. Summerskill: Certainly not.
  Mr. Shephard: Would it be valid if they did not meet at all? Would it be valid if the decision was conveyed to the Minister or officials by chatting in the market place? Would the hon. Lady consider that a proper way of dealing with this case?
  Dr. Summerskill: No, I certainly would not. If the hon. Member can give me evidence that this committee never met, and that its business was conducted in the market place, I shall certainly examine it.
  Mr. Shephard: That is the information I have had.
  Adjourned accordingly at Twenty-one Minutes past Ten 0'Clock.