Commons Sitting of 20 April 1891

QUESTIONS.

  REDUCTION OF RATES ON INDIAN AND COLONIAL POSTAGE.
  MR. SUMMERS: beg to ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer what was the estimated loss to the Revenue that was due to the reduction in the rates of the Indian and Colonial postage during that portion of the last financial year during which the reduced rates were in operation?
  THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER (Mr. GOSCHEN,: I believe it was about £25,000.
  MR. SUMMERS: I beg to ask the Postmaster General what would be the additional loss to the Revenue if the postage rate to India and the Colonies were reduced from 2½d. to d.; and if he can explain to the House the basis on which his estimate is framed?
  THE POSTMASTER GENERAL (Mr. RAIKES,: Besides a loss of revenue to the extent of £105,000 a year already incurred in reducing to 2½d. the postage on letters to India and the Colonies, it is estimated that an immediate additional loss of £75,000 a year would result from a reduction from 2½d. to 1d. This estimate is based on the amount of correspondence passing between this country and the Colonies, and shown by the latest Returns on official record. It is not, however, practicable to estimate the contingent loss that might result from any considerable increase of correspondence.
  MR. SUMMERS: May I ask the right hon. Gentleman whether, in this calculation, he estimates the cost of sending each letter from London to Dover at 1d.?
  MR. RAIKES: The estimate has been based on a comparison from the Revenue derived from a 2d. postage and a reduction to 1d.

  THE EXPEDITION TO MANIPUR.
  MR. WEBSTER: I beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for India whether he has yet received information as to the alleged statement that the troops employed in the Manipur expedition were at the time of the recent disaster without an adequate or suitable supply of reserve ammunition to fit their rifles; and whether, if he has no knowledge as yet on the subject, he will telegraph to India for such information?
  THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA (Sir J. GORST,: I presume that the hon. Gentleman cannot have received a communication which I forwarded to him this afternoon, asking him to postpone this question until I can receive information from India?
  MR. WEBSTER: No, Sir; I did not receive a communication from the right hon. Gentleman, and, of course, 1 will defer the question.
  MR. SCHWANN: I beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for India whether he has now obtained any official reply as to the truth or falsehood of the rumours which have appeared in the Press, that the Indian troops killed Manipuri women and children in the affair at Manipur, so that, in case the rumour be proved false, it may be categorically denied?
  SIR J. GORST: The noble Lord the Secretary of State for India is in possession of official information from Manipur which denies, by implication, the statement contained in the question; but he has thought proper, under the circumstances, to address a special telegram to the Government of India on the subject, and I must ask the hon. Member to postpone his question until the answer to that inquiry has been received.

  THE BOMBAY CIVIL SERVICE.
  MR. J. M'CARTHY: I beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for India whether it is true that a grave " block " still exists in the Bombay Civil Service, that nearly one-third of the whole Service is crowded into the four years preceding 1871, and that, although the " block " has been officially acknowledged, nothing has been done by the Government of India, or the Secre-
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  tary of State, towards removing it; and why have no " blocked " Bombay civilians been employed under the Government of India?
  SIR J. GORST: No doubt promotion in the year named in the question of the hon. Gentleman has been slow; but steps have been taken, by the grant of what are called "minimum allowances," to meet cases of exceptional hardship. It is not the case that Bombay men of the years named have not been employed under the Government of India.

  THE OPIUM DEBATE.
  MR. MACLEAN: I beg to ask the First Lord of the Treasury whether, considering the anxiety caused in India by the Division of Friday night week, and the necessity for letting the Indian Government know what are the real intentions of the House of Commons with regard to the Opium Revenue, he will give a day for the discussion of the Main Question raised in the Resolution of the hon. Baronet the Member for the Barnard Castle Division of Durham (Sir J. Pease), and of the Amendment proposed by the right hon. Baronet the Member for the City of London (Sir R. Fowler)?
  THE FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY (Mr. W. H. SMITH,: I regret that the Amendment of the right hon. Baronet the Member for the City of London did not form part of the Main Question raised by the hon. Baronet the Member for the Barnard Castle Division, but I cannot see at present any prospect of being able to find time for a renewal of the discussion in order that a definite decision on the whole question may be arrived at.
  MR. MACLEAN: In the meantime, will the Government refrain from communicating to the Government of India the imperfect proceedings of the House, or calling upon them to take any action whatever in this matter?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: I think the hon. Member is well aware of the circumstances and conditions under which the Government of India is conducted. The Government in India is responsible for the financial arrangements of that Empire, and it would be improper if I were to suggest that they will not consider what passes within this House. I have no doubt they will, but they

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  are not, however, responsible to this House. The full and entire responsibility of the Government of India rests with them.
  SIR J. PEASE: Perhaps I may be allowed to say that it is not my intention to ballot in order to place this Motion again as a Substantive Motion before the House. I feel that at this time of the Session it would be inconvenient to the House again to introduce the subject, even if I were so minded. Moreover, I am advised that if I were to do so the Motion of my right hon. Friend the Member for the City of London might be deemed by you, Sir, to be out of order, as it involves a question of handing money by this House over to the Indian Government without a Vote of the Crown. In looking at the matter myself, in the excellent work of Sir Erskine May, it seems to me that the point might arise, although I believe there has been no absolute ruling by you, Sir, in regard to it. On the other hand, I am quite content for the present with the declaration which has been made by the right hon. Gentleman the First Lord of the Treasury, that the policy of Her Majesty's Government has been in the past a steady reduction of the quantity of land in India placed under poppy cultivation, and that that policy will be persevered with in the future. I am also content with the declaration which was made by my right hon. Friend the Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Under these .circumstances, I do not propose to raise the subject again this Session.
  MR. H. ELLIOT: I beg to ask the First Lord of the Treasury whether, having regard to the conflicting statements made as to the effects produced upon health by the consumption of Indian opium in China and elsewhere, to the confusion which it is alleged exists in the public mind upon this matter, and to the insufficient time which a discussion on a private Member's Motion affords for an exhaustive Debate, he will consent to appoint a Select Committee to inquire into the allegations made on either side, with a view of testing their accuracy, and enabling the House and country to form an instructed judgment as to their worth?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: I am aware that there have been conflicting statements
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  as to the effects produced upon health by the consumption of Indian opium in China and elsewhere, but I do not think that the appointment of a Select Committee would enable the House to judge of the accuracy or otherwise of the allegations which have been made, as the Committee would not be able to examine Chinese witnesses, and the evidence of those who have merely passed through the fringe of that country would not enable a Committee to form a judgment which would be of very great value.

  PAUPER IMMIGRANTS.
  MR. HOWARD VINCENT: I beg to ask the President of the Board of Trade if the Alien Act will continue to be enforced at the 23 ports frequented by poor foreign immigrants, and having regard to the importance of the question and the declaration of the Select Committee of 1889,
  " That they contemplate the possibility of restrictive legislation becoming necessary in the future, in view of the crowded condition of our great towns, the extreme pressure for existence among the poorer part of the population, and the tendency of destitute foreigners to reduce still lower the social and material condition of our poor,"
  if the statistics on the subject can be laid upon the Table at least every three months; and if he is in possession of any definite information concerning the ultimate destination of the 13,333 aliens who arrived last year in London by cheap sea routes from Amsterdam, Antwerp, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Gothenburg, Hamburg, and Rotterdam, and declared themselves as not en route to America, and particularly concerning the 4,000 arriving by one line trading between Hamburg and Tilbury, of whom the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis reports " 80 per cent. appeared to be quite destitute "?
  THE PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE (Sir M. HICKS BEACH,: Yes, Sir; it is intended to continue enforcing the Alien Act at the 23 ports where alien lists are now obtained, and, if any general expression of opinion on the part of Members of this House should reach me to the effect that statistics should be issued quarterly instead of yearly, I shall be prepared to give instructions accordingly. As regards

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  the second paragraph of my hon. Friend's question, I have no further information than what is given in the report.

  IMPORTATION OF WHEAT AND FLOUR.
  MR. HOWARD VINCENT: I beg to ask the President of the Board of Agriculture if he can state the quantity of wheat and flour which was produced in the United Kingdom in 1890, compared to 1870 and 1880, and the quantity imported from foreign countries and British Possessions, respectively, in those years; and if the removal of the Customs registration fee of 1s. per quarter upon foreign grain in 1869 had any appreciable effect upon the price of bread, and what revenue it would have produced last year had it still been in force?
  THE PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE (Mr. CHAPLIN,: In 1890 the official estimate of wheat and flour produced in the United Kingdom was 9,500,000 qrs., or, roughly speaking, nearly 41,000,000 cwt. In the same year there was imported of wheat and flour from foreign countries, roughly speaking in round numbers, 65,000,000 cwt., and from British Possessions 14,000,000 cwt. There are no official estimates of the production of wheat in Great Britain for the years 1880 and 1870, but calculations have been made by Sir John B. Lawes, and, taking these calculations as the basis for comparison, there was imported in 1880 of wheat and flour from foreign countries, in round numbers, 56,000,000 cwt., and from British Possessions 12,000,000 cwt. In 1870, wheat and flour from foreign countries, 33,000,000 cwt.; from British Possessions, 3,000,000 cwt. There is no official record of the prices of bread in this country, but a Return was ordered by the House of Commons in 1888 of the prices of bread in 12 different unions from the years 1867 to 1887, and it would appear from this Return that no effect can be observed in the price of bread from so small a change in the value of wheat as was caused by the removal of the duty of 1s. in 1869. The duty, which applied to all grain as well as flour and meal, it is estimated, would have yielded a revenue of £2,047,000 if it had been still in force in 1890.

  THE ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE OF ST.JAMES.
  MR. COBB: I beg to ask the President of the Local Government Board whether he is aware that, notwithstanding that it has been arranged that, in the Parish of St. James, the Assessment Committee shall in future be appointed by the whole of the Vestry, great dissatisfaction exists among the great majority of the ratepayers as to the existing assessments, on the ground that they will remain in force until the year 1895, and that the rate books show that, in nearly every case, the members of the existing Assessment Committee are assessed on more favourable terms than their neighbours; and whether he is willing to receive a deputation of ratepayers, or to direct an inquiry, by an officer of the Local Government Board, into the existing assessments?
  THE PRESIDENT OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD (Mr. RITCHIE,: If any ratepayer of the Parish of St. James, Westminster, felt himself aggrieved by the assessment of any property in the parish by the Assessment Committee, he had his remedy by appeal. The Local Government Board have no jurisdiction whatever in the matter, and they have no authority, therefore, to interfere. Under these circumstances, I cannot undertake to receive a deputation or to direct an inquiry by an officer of the Board into the existing assessments of the parish.

  SUPERANNUATION FUND FOR SCOTCH SCHOOLMASTERS.
  MR. FRASER-MACKINTOSH: I beg to ask the Lord Advocate whether the desirability of providing a Superannuation Fund for public schoolmasters in Scotland has been considered by him; and, if not, whether he will take action in the matter?
  THE LORD ADVOCATE (Mr. J. P. B. ROBERTSON,: The Scotch Education Department is prepared to give its best attention to any specific proposal for the establishment of a Superannuation Fund which may be submitted on behalf of the teachers; but the Government is not prepared to take the initiative in formulating such a scheme.

  POSTAL ARRANGEMENTS IN THE NORTH AND WEST OF SCOTLAND.
  MR. FRASER-MACKINTOSH: I beg to ask the Postmaster General whether, in view of the dissatisfaction with the present service in the North of Skye, he will, in the contemplated postal rearrangements betwixt Portree and Loch-maddy, provide that the mail steamers should call at Staffin and Kilmaluig?
  MR. RAIKES: I am glad to have anticipated the hon. Member's request in this respect. The mail steamer which is to be established on the 1st proximo between Portree, Lochmaddy, and Dun-vegan will call at Staffin and Kilmaluig.

  POSTAL FACILITIES IN THE NORTH AND WEST OF SCOTLAND.
  DR. M'DONALD: I beg to ask the Postmaster General whether it is his intention to ask for public tenders for the conveyance of mails by sea in connection with the increased and improved postal facilities in the North and West of Scotland, which have been lately promised by the Government; and, if not, why not; whether he is aware that, in the Report of the West Highlands and Islands Commission, it has been strongly recommended that existing routes should not be interfered with prejudicially by subsidised steamers; and does he intend to act on this recommendation?
  COLONEL MALCOLM: I also beg to ask the Postmaster General whether, in making the arrangements for the improved postal service in the West Highlands and Islands he has kept in view Clause 51, under the heading (b) steamers, of the Report of the Commission, together with the instruction of the Secretary for Scotland to the said Commission; and whether, in consideration of these statements, he will take care that the contracts be submitted to public tender?
  MR. RAIKES: In reply to these questions, I have to say that the recommendations of the Highlands Commission have not been lost sight of. Her Majesty's Government, being desirous of offering at once .at least some of the increased postal facilities recommended by the Commission, have made temporary arrangements with the present contractor for new and improved services
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  as an experiment. When sufficient experience has been acquired of the actual needs of the districts in question, the services will be thrown open to public competition in the usual way. No other course could have been followed without delaying the improvements until next year.

  POSTAL ARRANGEMENTS IN LANCASHIRE.
  MR. HOYLE: I beg to ask the Postmaster General if information has reached him that an important letter, posted in Manchester on Thursday, 29th January, was not delivered at its destination, Bradley Fold, Ainsworth (within 15 miles of Manchester), until 8.45 on the morning of Saturday, the 31st January, and is he aware that great irregularity still continues in the time of delivery of letters there; whether complaints have reached him of the present arrangements under which there is only one daily delivery of letters at Bradley Fold, and that there is no pillar or other post office letter box in the village for the reception of letters; and whether he can remedy the grievance complained of?
  MR. RAIKES: I am informed that the delay of the letter referred to by the hon. Member was accidental and in some measure due to the address not being accurate. There does not appear to have been any general irregularity. At present there is only one delivery in the day at Bradley Fold, but arrangements are in progress for affording two deliveries, and it is also in contemplation to establish a letter box at the railway station, from which collections will be made morning and evening.

  THREATENED TROUBLES IN SOUTH AFRICA.
  DR. FARQUHARSON: I beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies whether, having regard to the opinions expressed by Sir Sydney Shippard, Administrator of British Bechuanaland, in his Report to the Governor and High Commissioner, dated 30th September, 1890, that we are threatened with serious troubles on the Western border of Gordenia; that there are signs of restlessness amongst the natives in the Protectorate; that we are holding vast

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  territories with a very small force, it is the intention of the Government to give effect to his recommendation that the present force of border police should be increased by at least 50 men and officers for the Crown Colony, and by 50 men, with six Maxim guns, for the Protectorate, as soon as possible?
  THE SECRETARY or STATE FOR THE COLONIES (Baron H. de WORMS,: Full consideration was given to Sir S. Shippard's opinion, and in the Estimates for the current year provision has been made for an increase of the police force by 25 men and 1 officer, making its total authorised strength 469 officers and men. This force costs £104,000 per annum, out of a total expenditure of the Bechuanaland Government of £164,797, involving this year a grant-in-aid from Imperial funds of £119,700. Her Majesty's Government trust that there may be no immediate necessity for a further increase of the Government police.

  ASSISTED EMIGRATION FOR CROFTERS.
  MR. WATT: I beg to ask the Lord Advocate whether the Secretary of State has been in communication with the Government of Canada, or other British Colonial Governments, so as to conclude the best possible arrangement of assisted emigration and land grants on behalf of the crofters of Scotland requiring to be emigrated?
  MR. J. P. B. ROBERTSON: The consideration of all proposals for State-aided emigration from the congested districts of 'Scotland was postponed by the Government till they had before them the Report of the Select Committee on Colonisation. That Committee has lately issued its Report, and the Government have now under consideration the recommendation which it contains.

  CIVIL SERVICE WRITERS.
  MR. TUITE: I beg to ask the Secretary to the Treasury whether, in those cases where writers have been for many years employed upon work above copying and heads of Departments are unwilling to take the initiative in recommending such writers for promotion to the new class of
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  abstractors, the Treasury would make some definite statement or rule for such cases, so that men, thus employed, may not suffer loss of promotion and permanency through unwillingness or refusal of their chiefs to take action in their behalf?
  THE SECRETARY TO THE TREASURY (Mr. JACKSON,: No,. Sir; I do not see any reason for any further statement by the Treasury on this subject. As I stated on the 5th of February, in reply to the hon. Member, Clause 29 of the Treasury Minute of the 10th of August, 1889, appears to me to be sufficiently precise. It should be obvious, I think, that it is not the function of the Treasury to suggest increase of expenditure for which heads of Departments see no justification.

  THE CENSUS IN WALES.
  MR. BRYN ROBERTS: I beg to ask the President of the Local Government Board whether the great majority of the Census papers distributed in Llithfaen, South Carnarvonshire, were in English without the language column; and, if so, will he cause a fresh Census to be taken in that village?
  MR. RITCHIE: The village of Llithfaen forms part of the Nevin registration sub-district. 1,300 schedules in the Welsh language and 200 in the English language were distributed from the Census Office for this district. By an error of the packer, the 200 English schedules which were sent did not contain the extra column for " Language spoken." It appears that only about one-half of these 200 schedules were distributed in the entire registration district. Steps will be taken to obtain the desired information in all cases in which the defective schedules were distributed.
  MR. LLOYD-GEORGE: I beg to ask the President of the Local Government Board whether he is aware that in the Census forms distributed at Nevin, Carnarvonshire, the language column was omitted; and whether he will take steps to remedy the omission?
  MR. RITCHIE: Nevin is in the same registration sub-district as. the village of Llithfaen, to which I have already

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  referred. The same explanation applies in this case also. Only about 20 English schedules were distributed in the parish.

  COMPULSORY RETIREMENT.
  MR. KELLY: I beg to ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether any, and, if so, what steps have been taken to enforce that portion of Clause 10 of the Order in Council of 15th August, 1890, which provides that " Retirement shall be compulsory for every officer on attaining the age of 65 years; " whether certain provisions of that Order have been regarded as taking effect from the date thereof; whether the Lords of the Treasury have power by Minute or otherwise, and, if so, under what authority, to modify the effect, or fix or vary the date at which an Order in Council, or any part thereof, may come into operation; and whether all salaries paid to officers over 65 years of age since the date of the Order in Council of 15th August, 1890, have been disallowed by the Comptroller and Auditor General; and, if not, why not?
  MR. GOSCHEN: No date being named in the Order in Council of August 15, 1890, the Treasury fixed a date for retirements taking place under the provisions of the Order. Some provisions of the Order have taken effect from the passing of the Order. The Treasury have no power, so far as I know, to vary the provisions of an Order in Council. In this case it was impossible that the provisions should take effect at the passing of the Order, and, no other date being mentioned, the Treasury named a date which they considered most convenient for the Public Service. The Comptroller and Auditor General does not disallow expenditure, but reports for disallowance, and he reports not to the Government, but to the House of Commons. His Report on the account in question has not yet been laid before the House of Commons.

  NORTH AUSTRALIA.
  MR. WATT: I beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies whether he can state how many years it is since a Governor of South Australia visited the Northern territory; whether he can state the total mileage of the Transcontinental Railway (at both ends)
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  now open for traffic; whether there is any proposition, in case the Australian Commonwealth is established, of completing the line under its guarantee; and whether he can now give any information as to the proposed visit of the Governor, Lord Kintore, having regard to the depressed condition of all the industries in the territory?
  BARON H. DE WORMS: The Northern territory has never been visited by the Governor of the colony. The total mileage of the Transcontinental Railway now open for traffic is 884 miles, being 736 from the Southern terminus and 148 from the Northern. No proposal of the kind referred to for completing the line has been brought before the notice of the Secretary of State. Lord Kintore will, no doubt, investigate the state of industries in the Northern territory, which he is understood to have reached on the 1st of this month.

  AUSTRALIAN FEDERATION CONVENTION.
  MR. BUCHANAN: I beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies whether Papers will shortly be issued containing a Record of the Proceedings and Debates of the recent Australian Federation Convention?
  BARON H. DE WORMS: Her Majesty's Government have, as yet, received only the first two numbers of the official Reports of the Convention Debates, but see no objection to presenting the Papers to Parliament when complete.

  SOUTH AFRICA COMPANY.
  MR. LABOUCHERE: I beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies whether he is aware that a Chartered Company is not under the obligation to make Returns to Somerset House in regard to the Act of its shareholders and other matters connected with it, which are obligatory on all Limited Liability Companies not being Chartered Companies; whether, in view of this fact, and that by the 25th Article of the Charter of the South Africa Company it is stated that
  " Within one year after the date of this Our Charter, or such extended period as may be certified by Our secretary of State, there shall be executed by the Members of the Company for the time being a Deed of Settlement providing, so far as is necessary for,"

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  amongst other things—
  " The regulation of Members of the Company, and the transfer of shares in the capital of the Company; the division and distribution of profits,"
  he will cause such a Deed of Settlement to be executed, and lay it, when executed, upon the Table of the House, in order that the public may have 'the same opportunity to k no w matters in connection with the transfer of shares in this Company, and with the division and distribution of profits which are available in respect to companies that are not chartered; and whether, in connection with this Return, he will see that it is fully set forth, and that, whilst the Company has to pay all costs and expenditure in regard to carrying out the objects of the concession from Lobengula, one-half of the profits (if any) are retained by the Promoters of the Company, should it appear that this is the case?
  BARON H. DE WORMS: I believe that the hon. Member is right in supposing that a company under Royal Charter is not subject to all the obligations of an ordinary Registered Company. The Deed of Settlement of the British South Africa Company was executed on the 3rd February last. It is not thought worth while to print it as a Parliamentary Paper, but any hon. Member can see it at the Colonial Office, or at the Company's Office, or be supplied with a copy. Her Majesty's Government have been advised that they ought not to assume any responsibility for the financial arrangements or the internal organisation of the Company, such as is suggested in the last paragraph of the question.
  MR. LABOUCHERE: I beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies whether an Imperial Proclamation has been published in the Gazette of the Cape Colony, declaring that any attempt to occupy Banyailand, or to establish autonomous government in that country, will be regarded as an infringement of the rights of the British South Africa Company, and an aggression against British suzerainty, and will be resisted; whether it is to be understood that no British subject is to to be allowed in Banyailand without the permission of the British South Africa Company; and, if so, from whence this
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  exclusive right of the Company to occupy this territory is derived; whether he can state how many British subjects there are now in Banyailand, and what is the area of that country; whether he is aware that persons wishing to pass through Mashonaland in order to go northwards are impeded by agents of the South Africa Company; whether he is aware that the Company does not permit any of Her Majesty's subjects to trade in Mashonaland, and that the monopoly of opening stores has been granted to two Kimberley firms, notwithstanding that it is set forth in the Charter granted to the Company, that it is conferred upon it because it will tend—
  " To the opening up of the said territories to the immigration of Europeans, and to the lawful trade and commerce of Her Majesty's subjects and of other nations,"
  and that it is stated in the 20th Paragraph of the said Charter that—
  " Nothing in this Our Charter shall be deemed to authorise the Company to set up or grant any monopoly in trade; "
  whether he is aware that the concession from Lobengula in regard to which the Charter was granted is only a concession granting mining rights to the Company, and that it conferred on it no land, and that promises are being held out by advertisements of the Company in the South African newspapers offering to intending settlers land in Mashonaland. (which forms part of the territory included in the mining concession of Lobengula); and whether, in order to prevent Her Majesty's subjects from being deluded into going into Mashonaland by the promise of grants of land from the Company, Her Majesty's Government will take steps to make it known that the Company can make no grants of land, as it has no land to grant?
  BARON H. DE WORMS: The High Commissioner reported on the 7th inst. that he was about to issue a Proclamation respecting Banyailand; but Her Majesty's Government have not yet received the text of it. As regards the second question, Her Majesty's Government do not understand that there is any such prohibition. I am not at present able to answer the third question. In reply to the fourth question, we are not aware of any such proceed

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  ings. The hon. Member has probably been misinformed. As regards the fifth question, Her Majesty's Government have not been so informed. Any British subject feeling himself aggrieved has every opportunity of stating his complaints to the High Commissioner or to the Secretary of State. As regards the sixth question, the concession (see page 139 of P.P. [C. 5918]) is not merely a grant of mining rights. Her Majesty's Government are riot aware that the company has offered land in Mashonaland to settlers, unless conditionally upon it being able to confer titles. In reply to the last question, Her Majesty's Government do not think it desirable to issue any notice, believing that the position of the company in Mashonaland is fully understood, both in this country and in South Africa.
  MR. LABOUCHERE: Will the right hon. Gentleman say from whom he obtained his information with regard to what is going on in that part of the world?
  BARON H. DE WORMS: The Colonial Office derives official information from the usual sources.

  PUBLIC HOUSE LICENCES.
  MR. KELLY: I beg to ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department whether his attention has been called to the published reports of a case heard on the 9th instant, at the West Bromwich Police Court, in which the applicant for the transfer of the licence of a fully-licensed house at Lyndon was a brewer at Birmingham, who admittedly intended to put a manager into the house, and in which the Magistrates' clerk stated that the name of the holder of the licence was " given as John Cotterill, who had been dead several years," and that he had
  "Received a letter from the Home Secretary that morning requesting that they " (the Justices) " should be very careful about the ownership of licensed houses;"
  and in such report it was further stated that upon the refusal of the Justices to grant the transfer of the licence, the solicitor who appeared for the applicant gave notice on his client's behalf that he should again apply for a transfer of the licence, granted in the name of the person who had hen dead many years, to the manager of the brewer;
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  whether the report is accurate in so far as the statement of the clerk to the Magistrates that he had received a letter from the Home Office, with reference to the duty of Justices, to make full inquiry as to the real ownership of houses when dealing with the transfers of licences is concerned; and, if so, whether a similar letter has already been sent, or is intended to be sent, to all clerks of Justices; whether, if such letter has been sent from the Home Office, he would be willing to state the precise terms thereof; and whether he can state if the circumstances, as to the renewal of the licence in question for several years in the name of a deceased person, are altogether exceptional; and if they are not, what. steps, if any, he would propose to take to put an end to the renewal of licences in all such cases?
  THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT (Mr. MATTHEWS,: I have not seen the published report of the West Bromwich case; but it is the fact that I have recently issued a Circular Letter to the Licensing Justices of every Petty Sessional Division, calling their attention to the fact that there was reason to believe that in many cases the register prescribed by Section 35 of the Licensing Act, 1872, incorrectly states the name of the owner of the licensed premises, and asking them to take steps to rectify, if necessary, the existing register, and to secure the due observance of the statute in future. I shall be happy to show the Circular to my hon. Friend. I cannot think that the facts referred to as to the renewal of a licence in the name of a deceased person during a long period of time, if accurately stated, can be otherwise than exceptional, but I have asked for a full Report as to all the circumstances of this case, and I will then consider what action, if any, it may be necessary to take in the matter.
  MR. J. WILSON: May I ask the right hon. Gentleman whether he will be willing to give the letter as a Parliamentary Paper?
  MR. MATTHEWS: I do not think it would be worth while to give as a Parliamentary Paper a Circular Letter which any hon. Member may see.
  MR. SUMMERS: Will it be possible for the right hon. Gentleman to give a correct Return of the real owners of licensed houses?
  MR. MATTHEWS: Yes, Sir; if I can get the materials. That is the object of my letter.

  HONOURABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.
  MR. CAUSTON: I beg to ask the Secretary of State for War whether the statement in the Standard newspaper, of the 10th instant, is well-founded, namely, that the Secretary for War has approved of the allowances given to Artillery Volunteer Corps being extended to the artillery portion of the Honourable Artillery Company; and the issue will be made shortly on account of those members of the horse and field batteries who were returned as efficients on the 31st of last October; whether it is contrary to the provisions of the Volunteer Act to make this grant; and, if so, upon what authority it is made; and whether the Honourable Artillery Company has asked for this allowance?
  THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WAR (Mr. E. STANHOPE,: The allowances given to Artillery Volunteer Corps have been extended to the artillery portion of the Honourable Artillery Company under the special regulations of that regiment, and at the request of its Colonel, who accepts, as regards its artillery portion, as a condition of this grant all the liabilities which fall upon other corps under the Volunteer Act.
  COLONEL LAURIE: May I ask whether the Honourable Artillery Company are enrolled in accordance with the provisions of the Volunteer Act, and under what Vote the money will come?
  MR. E. STANHOPE: They are not enrolled; but they have accepted the full responsibilities of Volunteers, and the money, therefore, w ill be voted under the Volunteer Vote
  MR. CAUSTON: Is there not a clause in the Volunteer Act providing that nothing in this Act shall apply to the Honourable Artillery Company?
  MR. E. STANHOPE: If the hon. Member wishes I will look further into the matter; but, for my part, I do not see how there can be any objection to extending to the Honourable Artillery
  916
  Company the advantages enjoyed by other Volunteers if they accept the same-conditions.

  MEDICAL PRACTICE IN FRANCE.
  DR. TANNER: beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether, under the provisions of the recent Medical Law enacted by the French Government, no British medical man will be permitted to practise in France without having. obtained the diploma of Doctor of Medicine in one of the State Faculties, except. when a special dispensation is granted by the Minister of State; and whether French medical men are permitted to practise their profession in England?
  THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS (Sir J. FERGUSSON,: We are not aware in what form the Bill in question has. passed the French Legislature, or if it has passed; but inquiry is being made. French and other foreign medical men are-free to practise their profession in this country, subject to certain disabilities,. unless they are registered under the Medical Act of 1886; but the provisions. of that Act in this respect do not take effect, unless the country to which they belong has
  conceded reciprocal privileges.

  STANDARD OF HALF-TIME.
  MR. SUMMERS: I beg to ask the Vice President of the Committee of Council on Education if he can state the number of School Boards and School Attendance Committees in England and Wales in which the Standard of halftime exemption, fixed by the bye-laws, is as low as Standard II. and Standard III. respectively, and the number of School Boards and School Attendance Committees in which the standard of full-time exemption, fixed by the bye-laws, is lower than Standard VI?
  THE VICE PRESIDENT OF THE. COUNCIL (Sir WILLIAM HART DYKE,: The information will take a little time to prepare; but. I shall be happy to furnish it, if, in the meantime, the hon. Member will put his request on the Notice Paper in the form of a Parliamentary Return, which, I would suggest, might usefully show the number of cases in which the

  917
  standard of full-time exemption is now either the IVth or the Vth., rather than those where it is lower than the VIth.

  ARMY MEDICAL OFFICERS.
  MR. BARTLEY: I beg to ask the Secretary of State for War whether he proposes to grant to Army Medical Officers the composite titles suggested by Lord Camperdown's Committee?
  MR. E. STANHOPE: I am quite ready to recommend to Her Majesty the grant of composite military and medical titles if such a concession meets the wishes of officers of the Army Medical Staff; but I am met with the difficulty that this concession, although asked for in Sir Andrew Clark's letter of January 17 last, appears to be repudiated in his later letter of March 7. These officers, I should state, have not approached me or His Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief through any recognised official channel, but I assume that Sir Andrew Clark is expressing their opinion on the subject.
  DR. FARQUHARSON: Will the right hon. Gentleman bring on the Army Estimates sufficiently early to ensure a proper discussion on the matter?
  MR. E. STANHOPE: I am afraid that it will not be in my power to prescribe when the Estimates shall be brought on.

  REMOVING CATTLE WITHOUT A LICENCE.
  MR. MARK J. STEWART: I beg to ask the President of the Board of Agriculture if he is aware that last month the fine of 19s., including expenses, was imposed at a Justice of the Peace Court in Elgin on John Taylor, son of a butcher, who pleaded guilty for having on the 16th February last moved from Rothienorman Railway Station, in a scheduled district, four cattle from Rothes without a movement licence from the Local Authority; whether the Board of Agriculture has taken any notice of the sentence; and whether, having regard to the large gains which may arise through contravention of the Orders in Council, it is his intention to take any steps, by legislation or otherwise, to secure the infliction of more severe penalties for such offences,
  918
  and thus deter dealers, butchers, and others in the cattle trade from spreading infection through the country?
  MR. CHAPLIN: The only information which I have upon this subject is than which is contained in the public Press, from which it appears that at a Court in Elgin on March 30, Bailie Grant, General, Duff, and Dr. Webster on the Bench, John Taylor was charged with having, on February 16, moved from Rothienorman Railway Station, in a scheduled district, four cattle to Rothes without, having a movement licence from the Local Authority of the County of Elgin. He pleaded guilty, and the Justices imposed a modified penalty of 19s. and costs,. the maximum penalty under the Act being £20. It is not for me to criticise the action of the Bench, and, indeed, I know nothing of the circumstances; but it is obvious that if penalties of this trifling amount were usually imposed it would render it impossible to enforce the Act.

  PLEURO-PNEUMONIA.
  MR. BARCLAY: I beg to ask the President of the Board of Agriculture whether pleuro-pneumonia, has been detected in the lungs of an animal from the United States of America, recently slaughtered at Deptford; and whether the Veterinary Inspector sent by the Government of the United States was made aware of the discovery, and agreed that the lungs were so. diseased; and if he will give the port of shipment?
  MR. CHAPLIN: Pleuro-pneumonia has been detected in the lungs of two. animals which arrived on the steamship Parkmore from Baltimore, and were landed at Deptford on the 7th of this month. The Veterinary Inspector sent. by the United States has been made aware of the discovery; but I am informed that he has expressed no decided opinion at present, and has sent a portion of the lungs to America for further examination. I may add that. in the opinion of the experts of the Board of Agriculture there is not the slightest doubt as to the character of the disease, which is precisely the same as that which we are endeavouring to extirpate in the United Kingdom at, present.

  UNITED STATES AND BRAZIL COMMERCIAL TREATY.
  MR. OCTAVIUS V. MORGAN: I beg to ask the Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether he will state the present condition of the proposed Commercial Treaty between the Republics of the United States of North America and Brazil?
  SIR J. FERGUSSON: It has been in operation since the 1st of this month.

  SECOND DIVISION CLERKS.
  MR. KELLY: I beg to ask the Secretary to the Treasury whether Second Division clerks in the Home 'Office are paid for overtime at the uniform rate of Is. 6d per hour; and, if so, whether he will state the terms of the Treasury Minute under which such remuneration was granted; and whether he will take the necessary steps to secure uniformity of pay for overtime throughout the Public Service so far as the Second Division clerks are concerned?
  MR. JACKSON: One shilling and sixpence per hour is the general rate allowed by the Treasury for Second Division clerks' overtime. There is no general Treasury Minute laying down this rule. It is, however, well known throughout the Service, and I understand that the Comptroller and Auditor General queries any payment above the recognised rate. In these circumstances, it is unnecessary for me to circulate any new rule.

  THE POTATO DISEASE.
  DR. CAMERON: I beg to ask the President of the Board of Agriculture whether his attention has been called to a Report recently published by the French Government as to the success attending the use of a solution of sulphate of copper for the prevention and cure of potato disease, and the Report of M. Petermann, Director of the Station Agronomic de 1'Etat at Gemblons, Belgium, on the use of sulphates of copper and iron for the same purpose; and whether, considering -the great importance of the subject to potato growers in this country, he will take steps to publish the substance of these Reports in a form accessible to British agriculturists?
  MR. CHAPLIN: The Reports on the experiments conducted by M. Aimé Girard in France upon the use of sulphate of copper in the prevention or cure of potato disease during 1888 and 1889, to which attention has recently been drawn, were under the consideration of the Board of Agriculture last summer. A translation of these Reports was forwarded to the Irish Government, by whom, I understand, valuable experiments have been tried in various parts of Ireland, which are to be repeated on a larger scale this year. Since then we have received, within the last few days, information as to the further experiments conducted by M. Girard with sulphate of copper in 1890, and we have also received M. Petermann's Report of his similar experiments in Belgium. As soon as we have the French Report for 1890 complete it is proposed to issue a leaflet embodying the results of these Reports for the information of British agriculturists.

  SALMON FISHERY ACTS.
  MR. MACARTNEY: I beg to ask the President of the Board of Trade what are the Salmon Fishery Acts and the sections thereof relating to the placing of gratings in watercourses, millraces, or other channels for conveying water for working mills; and whether there are any special provisions relating to mills worked by turbines; and, if so, if he will state the Acts and sections containing these special provisions?
  SIR M. HICKS BEACH: The sections of the Salmon Fishery Acts which relate to the placing of gratings in watercourses are the 13th section of the Salmon Fishery Act, 1861, and the 54th, 58th, 59th, 60th, and 61st sections of the Salmon Fishery Act, 1873. These Acts apply almost exclusively to England and Wales. There are no provisions for distinguishing one description of milling machinery from another.

  THE CASE OF MRS. JACKSON.
  MR. COBB: I beg to ask the Attorney General whether, having regard to the recent decision in the case of Mr. and Mrs. Jackson, and to the effect which that decision has had upon subsequent decisions and statements, as to the present state of the Law of Divorce, of

  921
  Judges of the High Court of Justice and inferior Courts, the Government are prepared to bring in at once a short Bill assimilating the English to the Scotch Law, by providing that desertion for a certain number of years shall give a right of divorce to the husband or wife, and that a wife shall have the same right as a husband now has of obtaining a divorce on the ground of adultery only; and whether, in the alternative, the Government will afford facilities for the early Second Reading of the Bill introduced by the hon. and learned Member for Aberdeen, and other hon. Members for a similar assimilation of the law?
  THE ATTORNEY GENERAL (Sir R. WEBSTER,: The decision of the Court of Appeal in the case of Mrs. Jackson did not, in the opinion of the learned Judges who pronounced it, make any alteration in the law, but only declared the law. Under these circumstances, no attention should be paid to any statements made without judicial authority. Her Majesty's Government do not propose to introduce any Bill proposing any change in the law. The last paragraph of the hon. Member's question should be addressed to my right hon. Friend the First Lord of the Treasury; but I think I may say that it will not be possible to give facilities for the Bill of the hon. and learned Member for Aberdeen.
  MR. COBB: May I point out that it is not the dictum of Magistrates, but one of the Judges of the High Court—Mr. Justice Jeune?
  SIR R. WEBSTER: I think the hon. Member has quite misunderstood Mr. Justice Jeune. His remarks were addressed to a particular case, and had no reference to any alteration of the law consequent on the decision in the Jackson case.

  IMPROVED STEAM COMMUNICATION IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND.
  DR. M'DONALD: I beg to ask the First Lord of the Treasury whether, in his arrangements for new and improved steamer communications in the Western Isles and North of Scotland, he has acted on the statement in the Report of the last West Highlands and Islands Commission, which states—
  " It is, however, so doubtful whether the institution of new routes of steamers would not
  922
  interfere with existing routes, and it is so clear that Government would not be justified in subsidising one steamer if it had the effect of stopping another, that great care will be required in giving effect to this recommendation; and every effort should be made to secure the co-operation of the Carrying Companies now engaged in the West Coast Trade; "
  and if some of such competing companies have been so conferred with, why not all?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: The Government would much regret if new steamer services on the West Coast of Scotland should have the effect of inflicting any permanent injury on persons now engaged in the carrying trade in that district, and they will be glad to consider any representations or suggestions on the subject that may be made to them. The arrangement which will come into force on the 1st of next month is of a provisional character only, and it is open to any modification which may hereafter be found desirable. It is hoped that in the course of next year it may be found practicable to invite tenders from parties who may be willing to undertake the whole or any part of the services; but, as it was important to start the new services at once, this course could not be adopted at the present moment.

  THE LABOUR COMMISSION.
  MR. NORRIS: I beg to ask the First Lord of the Treasury if it is by intention or mistake that, whereas the dock labourers are directly represented on the Labour Commission by one of their leaders, the great Dock Companies and Wharves of London, who control property of immense value and employ nearly 100,000 men daily, are not represented on the Commission; and whether he will consider the advisability of such a nomination?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: I am quite aware that no representative of the Dock Companies has been placed on the Labour Commission; but I am confident that their interests will be fully looked after by the members of the Commission. It was impossible for the Government to place on the Commission representatives of all the interests which were concerned in the inquiry.
  MR. NORRIS: May I ask whether there will not be a representative of the shipping interest of London?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: It is impossible to place upon this Commission representatives of every interest in every locality. If we had attempted anything of the sort the Commission would have become a Congress, and it would be impossible to expect a satisfactory result. Any hope, indeed, of such a result would have been compromised if we had done as my hon. Friend suggests.
  MR. COBB: I beg to ask the First Lord of the Treasury whether the only reason which the Government had for not recommending to Her Majesty the name of Mr. Michael Davitt as a member of the Royal Commission on Labour was that he was a Republican; whether he can give specific references to speeches or writings of Mr. Davitt showing that he holds Republican opinions; whether there is any precedent of an appointment by Her Majesty of any person holding Republican opinions upon a Royal Commission, or as a Member of Her Majesty's Government; and whether the Government will re-consider their decision, with a view of still recommending Her Majesty to appoint Mr. Davitt a member of the Commission?
  COLONEL SAUNDERSON: Before my right hon. Friend answers that question, may I ask him whether it is not the case that Mr. Michael Davitt was tried, convicted, and sentenced to a term of penal servitude for felony?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: I will answer the question of the hon. Member for the Rugby Division first. I am not aware whether the hon. Member has any authority for the allegations contained in his question. All the communications which passed with reference to Mr. Michael Davitt were confidential. The evidence given by Mr. Michael Davitt before the Special Commission, and the recitals and the judgment of the Commission with regard to him were carefully considered by Her Majesty's Government, and they did not think, with those facts before them, that Mr. Davitt was qualified for appointment to the Labour Commission. In reply to my hon. and gallant Friend, I may say that I believe Mr. Davitt was tried and sentenced for treason felony.
  MR. COBB: With respect to the query put to me by the right hon.
  924
  Gentleman, I may say that the question has been altered since I put it down on the Paper. I asked him whether—
  MR. SPEAKER: Order, order! I struck the words out myself, and for this reason. The hon. Gentleman proposed to ask, " Whether it was true, as stated." That is a form which is sometimes adopted by hon. Members; but I think the responsibility attaches to an hon. Member when he puts a question that he should not simply take up a rumour, but should assume the responsibility, and ask whether or not a certain fact is true.
  MR. COBB: Perhaps I may be in order, as the right hon. Gentleman has raised the question, in saying that I saw the statement in one of the morning papers—I believe it was the Standard, but I am not sure. I trust the right hon. Gentleman will allow me to ask him this — whether, to avoid misapprehension, he will say whether any of the proceedings before the Special Commission influenced the Government in refusing to recommend Mr. Michael Davitt as a member of the Commission?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: I have answered the question upon the Paper.
  DR. TANNER: May I ask whether the House is to understand from the right hon. Gentleman that Mr. Davitt, having served his term of penal servitude for treason felony, is to be subject to future disqualification?
  MR. SPEAKER: Order, order!

  THE WEST HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS.
  MR. FRASER - MACKINTOSH: I beg to ask the First Lord of the Treasury whether, in view of the importance and urgency of the Government proposals with reference to the West Highlands and Islands, he will give an opportunity for their discussion prior to the Whitsuntide Recess?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: The Government are doing all they can to meet the necessities disclosed by the inquiry held by the Highlands and Islands Commission; but I am unable to give a pledge that the Estimates to carry out our proposals will come up for discussion before Whitsuntide. I hope, however, it may be possible to meet the wishes of the hon. Gentleman in this respect.

  SCIENCE SCHOOLS AND MUSEUMS, &c,
  SIR H. ROSCOE: 1 +beg to ask the First Lord of the Treasury whether he will have sketch plans prepared and placed in the Library, showing the relative positions of the existing Science Schools and Science Museums, the proposed buildings for the same purposes, and the proposed Gallery of Modern Art, on the land at South Kensington?
  MR. GOSCHEN: Perhaps I may be -allowed to answer the question. As no definite scheme has yet been framed, it would be impossible to show exactly the appropriation of land now vacant; but I can promise the hon. Member a ground plan showing what land is available for further science buildings.
  SIR H. ROSCOE: May I ask the right hon. Gentleman whether he will give an assurance that the final step will not be taken .in the appropriation of the land until after hon. Members have had some opportunity of inspecting the plan?
  MR. GOSCHEN: The position of the matter is this. The House knows of the very generous offer that has been made of £80,000 to erect a building. A great deal of necessary and unavoidable delay has taken place, and I think it would be unwise to risk the failure of that generous gift by any further delay. Therefore, I am unwilling to pledge myself to any further delay; but I can assure my hon. Friend that every security will be given to gentlemen interested in science that their wishes shall be met as far as possible.

  MR. DE COBAIN.
  COLONEL SAUNDERSON: I beg to ask the First Lord of the Treasury whether he is aware that a warrant has been issued against Mr. De Cobain, Member for East Belfast, for a serious crime; whether it is a fact that Mr. De Cobain has communicated with persons in this country admitting his cognisance of the charge made against him; whether Mr. De Cobain has made any communication announcing his intention of meeting the charge made against him; and whether, should Mr. De Cobain continue to remain outside the jurisdiction of this country, he will take the sense of the House on the conduct of Mr. De Cobain?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: I am aware that a warrant has been issued against Mr. De Cobain. I am not aware that he has communicated with persons in this country as to his cognisance of the charge made against him, or as to his intention of meeting that charge. Should Mr. De Cobain continue to remain outside the jurisdiction of this country, it will have to be seriously considered whether the same procedure should not be followed as in the Sadleir case; but the House was on that occasion of opinion that a proper interval of time should elapse after the issue of the warrant for arrest before the proceedings were taken which led to expulsion.
  MR. T. M. HEALY: I beg to give notice that if any attempt of this sort is made I shall move that, as Mr. De Cobain is Grand Master of the Orange Lodge, a Special Commission shall be appointed. [Cries of " Order!"]
  COLONEL SAUNDERSON: He is not Grand Master.
  MR. T. M. HEALY: Well, Past Grand Master. [" Order ! "] I would ask whether any of the accessories to the crime have been convicted?
  MR. W. H. SMITH: I have no information beyond that which I have communicated to the House.
  MR. T. M. HEALY: Then I will address the question to the Chief Secretary.
  THE CHIEF SECRETARY FOR IRELAND (Mr. A. J. BALFOUR,: I have nothing whatever to do with the matter, and take no interest in it.
  MR. T. M. HEALY: I will put a question to the Attorney General for Ireland to-morrow.

  THE COMMISSIONERS OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION.
  COLONEL WARING: I beg to ask the Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland whether he is aware that the Commissioners of Intermediate Education refuse to accept as evidence of the age of candidates, certified extracts from the parochial registries of the Church of Ireland, recording the dates of birth and baptism; and whether they are authorised thus to reject evidence which is regarded as sufficient in the Courts of Law, and in the various Departments of the Public Service?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: The Assistant Commissioners of Intermediate Education report that candidates are required to produce as evidence of age a certified extract from a public registry of births. As this evidence exists under statute since 1864 and is readily obtainable, the Commissioners are of opinion that it is the most advisable to adopt as a uniform standard.

  ILLITERATE IRISH VOTERS.
  MR. WEBSTER: I beg to ask the Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland whether he is aware that at the recent North Sligo election, owing to a large number of illiterate voters presenting themselves at one time at one polling station, the forms for illiterate votes ran short, and in consequence that polling booth had to be closed for a considerable period, and also that, when many of the voters presented themselves to vote as illiterates, long discussions arose between the personation agents of the two candidates as to whether the several claims to vote as illiterates were bonâ fide ones or not, and in consequence great delay arose; were any persons who had not taken the oath of secrecy permitted to remain in the polling stations while the illiterates' votes were being taken; and whether the Government propose to cause inquiry to be made into the subject?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: The Sheriff reports that it is the case that at No. 3 booth of Grange polling station the forms for illiterate voters ran short, but that the booth was not closed. Discussions did arise there between the personal tion agents as to the bonâ fide of some claims made to vote as illiterates. The Presiding Officer informs the Sheriff that he ordered out of the booth any person not producing a declaration of secrecy. Similar discussions as to inability to read occurred in the other booths. It appears from further inquiries that the number of illiterates was nearly accurately stated in the Press; I stated it inaccurately. It was 1,783.

  PRESENTMENTS AT THE DONEGAL ASSIZES.
  MR. MACNEILL: I beg to ask the Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland whether he is
  928
  aware that, at the last Assizes for the County Donegal, every presentment for the town of Ballyshannon was thrown out by the Grand Jury, on which that district was entirely unrepresented; that at the previous Assizes, in the summer of 1890, every presentment for the town of Ballyshannon was likewise thrown out; and that among the presentments so thrown out at the latter Assizes was one for the repair of Ballyshannon Bridge, which is in a dangerous condition, the water having soaked to the foundations, which are undermined by the washing away of the lime and cement; whether he is aware that, although the said presentments have been thrown out, a County Donegal Grand Jury granted £4,000 to the widow of District Inspector Martin with the full knowledge that the Government were about to provide for that lady; and whether he will take any steps, by legislation or otherwise, to secure that works for the safety of the public should not be hindered by persons who do not represent the community?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: The presentments of Grand Juries do not come under the cognisance of the Executive Government, but I understand that the statements contained in the question are not correct.

  ETHER DRINKING IN IRELAND.
  MR. S. SMITH: I beg to ask the Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland whether his attention has been drawn to an article in the Christian Herald of 26th March, wherein it is stated that there are 46,000 ether drinkers in the North .of Ireland, imbibing annually 18,000 gallons of this liquid; whether he is aware that ether is sold by chemists, publicans, grocers, and hawkers or ragmen who go through the country districts; and whether the Government can see their way to put down the sale of this drug by re-imposing the tax upon it, or otherwise?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: The hon. Member has been good enough to send me the article from the Christian Herald to which the question refers. The Local Constabulary Authorities report that from close inquiry and observation they are satisfied that the numbers given in the article in question

  929
  are wholly exaggerated. The improper sale of ether as an intoxicant had been promoted through the agencies indicated in the second paragraph; but the matter having come under the notice of the Government they took prompt steps in November last to suppress it. Ether was thereupon scheduled as a poison, and can now only be sold by authorised chemists, and by them only as a poison. Inquiries show that since that time the sale has largely diminished.

  CAVAN, LEITRIM, AND ROSCOMMON LIGHT RAILWAY COMPANY.
  MR. KNOX: I beg to -ask the Secretary to the Treasury whether his attention has been called to the fact that the Directors of the Cavan, Leitrim, and Roscommon Light Railway Company maintain an office in Dublin, with a manager, secretary, and large staff of clerks, though they have also ample offices in Ballinamore with another manager and staff; whether a large part of their offices at Ballinamore has been let to the Arigna Mining Company at less than a fair profit rent; whether he is aware that the Baronial Auditor, appointed at Presentment Sessions for the Barony of Carrigallen, has been refused access to the books of the Company prior to the 1st November, 18S9, though without such access he cannot properly audit the accounts of the Company now under audit; whether the Company are in the habit of inviting tenders for contracts; and whether he will consider the advisability of taking -further action, either by the enforcement or amendment of the existing law, in order to control the expenditure of the Company in the interests of the cess-payers and the Treasury?
  MR. JACKSON:The matter referred 'to in the question has not been otherwise brought before me, and I do not know whether the statements made are correct or not.
  MR. KNOX: I beg to ask the Postmaster General what are the obstacles which prevent the use of the Cavan, Leitrim, and Roscommon Railway for the conveyance of mails; and what would be the cost of conveyance of the English mails arriving at Belturbet at 1.30 p.m. to Ballinamore and other stations on the Cavan, Leitrim, and Roscommon Railway, and by car to Swanlinbar from
  930
  Bawnboy Station, thereby expediting their delivery by more than 12 hours?
  MR. RAIKES: As regards the use of the Cavan, Leitrim, and Roscommon Light Railway for the conveyance of the mails, inquiry has shown that, independently of the question of expense, there would be no general advantage in using it for the night mails. As regards day mail services, I have received to-day some suggestions which I will carefully consider, and come to a decision upon them as soon as possible.

  POSTAL SERVICE BETWEEN CAVAN AND CLONES.
  MR. KNOX: I beg to ask the Postmaster General whether he can now say whether any arrangement can be made with the Great Northern Railway Company of Ireland for an improved postal service between Cavan and Clones?
  MR. RAIKES: Steps are being taken to ascertain for what payment the Great Northern Railway Company of Ireland would provide a night mail service by train in both directions between Clones and Cavan. As soon as this information is received, I shall be in a position to deal with the matter.

  POST OFFICES AT DOWRA AND GLANGELVIN.
  MR. KNOX: I beg to ask the Postmaster General whether he can now say whether any arrangement can be made for connecting the post offices at Dowra and Glangelvin with the post office at Blacklion, in the County Cavan?
  MR. RAIKES: As already explained, the present arrangements admit of an earlier delivery of letters at Dowra and Glangelvin than would be possible by way of Blacklion and Enniskillen. Yet, in order to ascertain if the views which have been expressed by the hon. Member can be met, I have ordered careful accounts to be taken showing the origin and destination of the correspondence: When these are rendered, I shall be in a position to decide the matter.

  INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION IN IRELAND.
  MR. JOHNSTON: I beg to ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether, in pursuance of the Rules of the Intermediate Education Board for

  931
  Ireland, as approved by His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on the 8th December, 1890, additional results fees have been or will be paid in 1891 out of the residue of the Irish share of the Local Taxation (Customs and Excise) Duties; whether there is a sufficient surplus likely to accrue to permit of this grant being made annually; and what the amount will be for the present year?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: Additional results fees will be paid in 1891 by the Intermediate Education Board, in pursuance of the Rules of the Intermediate Education Board for Ireland?
  MR. SEXTON: Have the Commissioners published any scheme for the appropriation of money?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: I must ask the hon. Gentleman to give notice of that question.

  FISHERIES IN THE LONDONDERRY DISTRICT.
  MR. J. M'CARTHY: I beg to ask tie Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland whether he is aware that Mr. Thomas M'Dermott is an In-specter, of Fisheries for the Londonderry District, nearly the whole of the net fishing in it being worked by the " Foyle and Bann Fishery Company," in whose employment he also is, and when as Inspector he is supposed to prosecute for any infringement of the law; and, if this is so, whether such a combination of offices has been sanctioned by the Irish Government?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: Mr. M'Dermott holds office under the Londonderry Board of Conservators. He is represented to be a good officer in every way. Appointments of Local Inspectors are not made under the sanction of the Irish Government, but rest solely with the Conservators.

  THE IRISH CONSTABULARY.
  MR. T. M. HEALY: I had intended to ask the Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland what is the explanation of the removal of the Head Quarters of the Royal Irish Constabulary for Antrim from Ballymena to Lisburn, and upon whose application was it done? I will defer the question until tomorrow.

  RELIEF WORKS IN TUAM, &c.
  COLONEL NOLAN: I beg to ask the Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland if, now that the spring sowing is nearly over, he would start relief works in the Tuam and Clonamaddy Unions, at a slightly higher wage than 5s. 6d. a week?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: I find that through the slight rise in the price of Indian meal, the money equivalent to a stone of meal a day will be about 6s. a week. This is found sufficient in districts where real distress prevails. For the week ended 11th April as many as 3,379 persons in other districts were receiving payment in meal for their labour.

  DUBLIN TELEGRAPH STAFF.
  DR. KENNY: I beg to ask the Postmaster General whether he can state the cause of the delay in putting into force the promised scheme of revision for the supervising officers of the Dublin Telegraph Staff, having regard to his assurances, on the 15th April, 1890, that the said revision had been already applied to Liverpool, Glasgow, Manchester, &c., and that other offices were to be dealt with in their order of importance; whether Dublin is in the same group as to importance as the offices above named; whether several offices belonging to a group of minor importance, namely, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Leeds, Bristol, Belfast, &c., have been already dealt with; whether he will now carry out the revision in Dublin, and make it retrospective in action, so as to put the Dublin officers on an equality with officers of the towns belonging to the same group as Dublin, who have had the advantage of the revision for a year; and can he state whether the delay, in dealing with Dublin, arises from local causes, or does it lie with the Central Department?
  MR. RAIKES: In reply to the hon. Member, I have to state that I have before me now the cases of Dublin and Edinburgh. Some important questions connected with them have arisen, which present difficulty and require careful consideration. Until the difficulties are removed I can come to no conclusion, and I am, therefore, not in a position to say more than that I am giving to the subject my earnest attention, and

  933
  shall endeavour to settle it as soon as practicable. I fear I can at present make no promises as to dates of commencement.

  LAND PURCHASE BILL.
  MR. KNOX: I beg to ask the Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland what does he estimate to be the number and acreage of the holdings in each province in Ireland which will be excluded from the operation of the Land Purchase Bill by Clause 6, (a) as pasture, and (b) because the tenant is nonresident; and what are the sources of the information upon which his estimate is based?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: As I have already stated, I have not in my possession information which would enable me to give anything more than a rough estimate upon the subject referred to in this question. The general basis of the estimate is material collected by the Registrar General, partly under the Census Act for 1881, and partly by special inquiries made from time to time through the police. Taking first the total number of agricultural holdings and their valuations, we have deducted an estimate prepared from the best information at our disposal of farms used wholly or mainly for grazing, farms over £200 valuation, farms upon which the occupier does not reside, demesne lands, and perpetual interests not held at full rent. The general result of deductions made on this plan is as follows:—The number of holdings excluded in this way as having been used wholly or mainly for grazing were, in round numbers—in Leinster 18,000, in Munster 16,000, in Ulster 8,000, in Connaught 10,000—total 52,000; and the number excluded as being non-residential were, in round numbers—in Leinster 2,400, in Munster 2,300, in Ulster 1,100, in Connaught 2,300—total 8,100, exclusive of nonresidential farms already excluded as grazing farms. I regard all these conclusions as of so doubtful and speculative a character that I am in some doubt whether I ought to give them to the House, even though accompanied by these words of warning and caution.
  MR. KNOX: The right hon. Gentleman speaks of the number of farms which have been excluded. Does he mean excluded under the Act of 1881?
  934
  If so, is he aware that the provisions in the Bill before the House are different and more exclusive than those of the Act! of 1881? I may also remind the right hon. Gentleman that he does not give the acreage of the holdings.
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: I have not got the acreage. As to the farms which are excluded I have endeavoured to give them in accordance with the provisions of the Bill, and I give what is still more important, namely, the valuation. As to the acreage, if the hon. Member will put down another question I will make the inquiry.
  MR. T. M. HEALY: Was the information obtained by the Constabulary?
  MR. A. J. BALFOUR: Yes, Sir.

  THE HANSARD PUBLISHING UNION.
  MR. CONYBEARE: I beg to ask the First Lord of the Treasury whether the warehouse men and cutters employed by the Hansard Publishing Union are paid on the average about 5s. below the Trade Union rate; whether he is aware that, as a consequence, the men have refused to work at those rates, and that delay and inconvenience have arisen in the delivery of the Parliamentary Minutes and other Papers; and what steps he proposes to take to obviate such delay?
  MR. JACKSON: I have no information as to the wages paid by the Hansard Publishing Union. No complaints have reached me that delay and inconvenience have arisen in the delivery- of Parliamentary Minutes or Papers.
  MR. SYDNEY BUXTON: Arising out of that, may I ask whether, when this contract comes to an end, in the new contract the right hon. Gentleman will take care that, according to the Resolution of the House, the specified standard rate of wages is paid?
  MR. JACKSON: No, Sir; after the declaration made by the House it is unnecessary for me to make any statement on that point.

  NEW WRIT.
  For the County of Suffolk (Stow-market Division), Edward Greene, esquire, deceased.
  NEW MEMBER SWORN.
  Henry Hucks Gibbs, esquire, for City of London.
ORDERS OF THE DAY.
  LONDON (CITY) TRIAL OF CIVIL CAUSES BILL—(No 269.)

    SECOND READING.
    Order for Second Reading read.
    Motion made, and Question proposed, " That the Bill be now read a second time."—(Sir R. Webster.)
    MR. COGHILL: Although this Bill appears to be a very innocent measure, it really embodies a policy the reverse of that which has been adopted in past years. It is said that there is not sufficient accommodation in the present Courts of Justice. May I remind the House what the sittings of the Courts amount to? For four months in the year, during the vacations, there are no Courts sitting, for another four months there are very few sitting, and in the remaining four months there are nearly always one or two of the Judges away. I do not suppose the Attorney General will find that there are six days in the year in which all the Courts are -sitting. This is an attempt to give greater jurisdiction to the City. If the Royal Courts had been erected 150 yards further East, so as to come within the boundaries of the City, 1 do not suppose we should ever have heard of this Bill. It is simply an attempt to give the City a certain amount of prestige which does not properly belong to it.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: I think the Government have taken a very unwise course with regard to this Bill. I have read the two Acts which aro said to render it necessary; but if the Bill is necessary in London it is necessary everywhere else. In my -opinion the measure is of a dangerous character, in view of the arguments that can be based upon it elsewhere. Take the case of the City of Cork. A fire occurred in the Court Houses there, and a number of gentlemen were on trial. The Court was removed to a school house in another portion of the city, and of the gentlemen on trial some were
    936
    acquitted, and with regard to some there was a disagreement. It is quite open to the argument, that if this Bill is necessary in regard to London it was necessary in that case. In the year 1881 there was a fire in the Court House at Carrick-onShannon, and the Court room was only shifted. Once lay down the proposition that in order to create invalidity at Common Law it is necessary to have an Act of Parliament, and all kinds of arguments may be used for applying that proposition in civil or criminal matters. If anyone reads the two Acts on which this Act is supposed to be founded, he must come to the conclusion that, at any rate, there is nothing in those Acts prohibiting the removal of the Courts. I consider that a hasty step of this kind ought not to be taken by Her Majesty's Government unless it has been fully approved of by a large body of opinion, not only on the Bench but among the practitioners who practise at the Royal Courts. As far as we understand, no necessity has arisen for the Bill. I protest against a step of such gravity being taken without a word from the Attorney General, as the head of the profession in England.
    THE ATTORNEY GENERAL (Sir R. WEBSTER,: I can only repeat the explanation I gave the other night. Great difficulty has been experienced in accommodating all the Judges in the Royal Courts of Justice when the services of all are available, which is only for a very small part of the year. It has been suggested that some Judges might sit for a limited time in the City; but a doubt has been raised whether there is statutory power to issue a Commission to try cases in London. The Bill applies to London only, and the corresponding question does not arise in the Cork case, because the Court removes only from one part of the county to another. When the Act under which the new Courts were constructed was passed, no part of the building was brought into the City of London. It is, therefore, proposed that at the beginning of each sitting the Judges should sit for a limited time in London to try London cases. I say there has been a doubt raised as to whether there is power to issue a Commission to try cases in the City of London, and this Bill is to remove the doubt.

    937
    It gives no new power, so far as my own opinion is concerned, and in some quarters it is held to be unnecessary. I need not point out, however, how extremely desirable it is that when a trial takes place there should be no question raised about it afterwards.
    (4.43.) The House divided:—Ayes 237; Noes 64.—(Div. List, No. 141.)
    Bill read a second time, and committed for to-morrow, at Two of the clock.

  PURCHASE OF LAND AND CONGESTED DISTRICTS (IRELAND) BILL.—(No. 111.)

    COMMITTEE.
    Considered in Committee.
    (In the Committee.)
    Clause 1.
    Amendment proposed,
    In page 2. at end of Clause to add the words, "Half-yearly returns, ending on the thirtieth day of April and thirty-first day of October respectively, shall be presented to Parliament by the Land Commission, giving, the following particulars respecting cases giving default in the payment of any purchase annuity:— Nam e of purchaser; name of vendor; province, county, and townland in which the holding. is situate; date of purchase; area (in statute acres) of holding; tenement value of holding; rental of holding when purchased, and whether judicial or non-judicial; amount of purchase money; amount of instalments paid; amount of instalments in default; proceedings taken for recovery."—(Mr.. J. E. Ellis.)
    Question again proposed, " That those words be there added."
    MR. KNOX: I would propose in the tenth line of the Amendment to leave out " tenement " in order to insert " rateable."
    Amendment to the proposed Amendment agreed to.
    Amendment, as amended, agreed to.
    MR. KNOX: I beg to move the Amendment standing next on the Paper, save that I desire in the fourth line to leave out the words " twenty-five " in order to insert " fifteen." I do not know whether the Chancellor of the Exchequer is prepared to accept the Amendment, or if he proposes in any way to meet the difficulty. f he does I will not propose this addition to the clause. If Consols and other securities rise considerably in value the tenant may lose a great deal in consequence, and in respect of future issues this
    938
    Guaranteed Land Stock ought to be reduced proportionately, also the tenant's instalments. I do not know whether there is a better way of effecting this object than by the Amendment I now move.
    Amendment proposed,
    In page 2, line 2, at end, to add, "(4.) If at any time the National Debt Commissioners shall report to the Treasury that Guaranteed Land Stock, consisting of annuities yielding dividends at the lowest rate of any theretofore issued under this Act, and not redeemable within fifteen years thereafter, is not purchase-able by them at a less price than £105 for every £100 Stock, the Treasury shall order that all Guaranteed Land Stuck thereafter issued shall consist of annuities yielding dividends at such rate that, in their opinion, the Stock so issued would he purchasable at par, and such Stock shall be issued accordingly, and the annuity payable by any purchaser purchasing after such order shall he reduced to the same extent that the rate of dividend shall have been so reduced."—(Mr. Knox.)
    Question proposed, " That those words be there added."
    THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER (Mr. GOSCHEN,: I quite understand. the object of the lion. Gentleman, and .I will consider what steps, if any, can be taken. But I will venture to lay down this proposition that there should not be frequent changes, and if any changes should be made, that they ought to be extremely simple so as not to endanger any financial calculations. Hon. Members will see if anything should be done in the direction suggested by some hon. Members, namely, that the tenants should be able to find a Stock in order to pay the amount of their Sinking Fund, that this Stock ought to be Stock very easily negotiable; in fact the more negotiable the better for all parties With that object one large Stock would be inscribed by the Bank of Ireland. I will consider this point whether if it should appear that this Stock would command a price considerably above par for a certain time, after a certain amount of Stock has been issued, any change on the part of the Treasury should be made. I think the hon. Gentleman will see that in that suggestion, I am going in the direction he desires, and appreciating the point he has raised. I will see whether the object can be met by some clause introduced in the Bill.
    MR. SEXTON: Suppose a tenant owes a balance of £100, would he be entitled to go into the market and buy a,few hundred pounds of Stock at £96, and apply that to the extinction of the balance of his debt?
    MR. GOSCHEN: I think that so far as he owes, for the extinction of Stock, that that would be a perfectly fair arrangement.
    MR. SEXTON: I suppose the right hon. Gentleman will bring up words on Report. But there is one other matter connected with this. The National Debt Commissioners have power to purchase Stock from time to time for the extinction of the debt. What I want to know is this: Suppose the Treasury would get £100 cash for every £100 of Stock at the end of the 49 years, and the National Debt Commissioners purchase Stock of this kind, of course there will be a profit—I would ask the right hon. Gentleman whether, in view of the fact which the right hon. Gontleman has before stated, that the State should have no profit, he would consider whether the profit should be devoted to Irish purposes.
    MR. GOSCHEN: It will be necessary to look to the whole course of the 49 years. Looking at the possibilities of the future, it will only be towards the end that the State could say it would derive profit. I should not like to go so far as to say that every possible profit should be devoted to Irish purposes.
    MR. SEXTON: The matter will not be regarded as finally closed at present.
    MR. GOSCHEN: No; but I do not think it arises on these two Amendments.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: This is a matter of considerable importance. I would like to ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether the landlords, who have the advantage in the event of their being called upon to extinguish tithe rent-charge and the Stock depreciates—whether they will then be entitled to tender the Stock for the extinction of this tithe rent-charge?
    MR. GOSCHEN: That is a totally different question. I do not see my way to that. The point is new to me, and the hon. and learned Member will scarcely expect me to give an answer to the matter without notice.
    SIR G. CAMPBELL: It seems to me that the concessions which the Chancellor of the Exchequer has shadowed forth are likely to lead to great confusion and loss to the British taxpayer. There is the concession that if this Stock should be depreciated the tenant might pay with Stock, but if, on the other hand, the Stock is appreciated then the tenant might pay in cash, and the loss will be borne by the Treasury.
    MR. GOSCHEN: No. There is no loss, because we are not bound to redeem above par. The Stock is redeemed at par.
    Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
    MR. SEXTON: I beg to move to add, after line 2, the words
    " (4.) The sums paid to the sinking fund for the purpose of the redemption of such stock shall ho applied in such redemption, and any stock issued under this Act shall be redeemed within forty-nine years from the issue thereof."
    The Chancellor of the Exchequer was good enough on my suggestion a little time ago to promise to bring up words to carry out this view, but perhaps the right hon. Gentleman might not have had time. The arrangement of the Bill is that by a Sinking Fund a sufficient sum of money should be raised for the extinction of Stock. I consider it of great importance with reference to the future relations between Great Britain and Ireland that there should be no out-standing liabilities with regard to this Stock, and that what the Sinking Fund intends to do should be done.
    Amendment proposed,
    In page 2, after line 2, to add, " (4,) The sums paid to the sinking fund for the purpose of the redemption of such stock shall be applied in such redemption, and any stock issued under this Act shall be redeemed within forty nine years from the issue thereof."—(Mr. Sexton.)
    Question proposed, " That those words be there inserted."
    MR. GOSCHEN: I cannot accept these words as they stand, but the hon. Member is right in saying that it is the purpose and intention of the arrangement that the Stock should be redeemed within 49 years of the issue, and also that the Sinking Fund should only be applied to the purpose of this Act, and should be kept perfectly apart from any other financial purpose of the State. We should employ the Sinking Fund in the purchase of Stock, but the

    941
    hon. Member and the House would have every security that it would be absolutely tied down and would not be available for any other purpose than for the redemption of this Stock. There will be no diversion of the Sinking Fund to any other purpose than the redemption of such Stock. I think I shall be able to meet the hon. Member's wishes in the main.
    MR. SEXTON: I think the right hon. Gentleman's reply substantially meets my purpose, and I suppose he will bring up words on Report.
    Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
    Question proposed, " That the Clause, as amended, stand part of the Bill."
    MR. LABOUCHERE: As I understand it, on the Second Reading of a Bill we do not absolutely assent even to the principle of the Bill. What I think we do is to concede that there is sufficient in the Bill to warrant that the gentlemen proposing them should have the opportunity of defending and explaining them, and showing whether they are practical in Committee. I know this is not the Tory theory just at the present moment. There is all the difference between the " ins " and the " outs." When the Gentlemen opposite were out, as they showed on the Hares and Rabbits Bill and many other Bills, they considered they had a perfect right to discuss the Bill in Committee. But having come in, they lay down the rule, that in Committee we ought only to make clerical Amendments; that it is our business to hear and obey, and that any real discussion amounts to obstruction. That is not our view. We intend, subject to your ruling, to oppose this Bill, because it is bad in detail. In fact, there is no part of the Bill but which is thoroughly rotten, and I shall do my best to oppose it. The most rotten part of the Bill is Clause 1, which creates Guaranteed Stock. Of course, land purchase might be carried out in many different ways, and we should not destroy the Bill if we did away with this Guaranteed Stock, though that would make it necessary to introduce great and important modifications. We have discussed several Amendments to this Bill, all of which have been rejected, including that of my hon. Friend the Member for Newcastle.
    942
    Under these circumstances, it seems to me that the only thing we have got to do is to strike out the clause altogether, leaving it to the Government, if they can, to find the money in some other way. Hon. Members opposite come down here with a foregone conclusion, and far from my poor arguments having weight with them, were I to speak with the tongue of an angel, they would remain unconvinced. [" Hear, hear !"] Yes, the hon. Gentleman opposite says that even an angel would not convince him; he would stick to his view, even if addressed by an angel. The object for which this money is guaranteed is not so clearly advantageous that it justifies us in incurring this liability of £30,000,000. I do not believe myself that there is any value in the present dual ownership in Ireland.
    THE CHAIRMAN: The hon. Gentleman is not entitled to enter into a general discussion on the whole scheme of the Bill.
    MR. LABOUCHERE: This is a scheme of land purchase. Might I point out that it will not pay; that the speculation is bad?
    THE CHAIRMAN: No.
    MR. LABOUCHERE: Not bad? Then what arguments can we adduce against this clause? I have plenty of arguments, but I do not know which would be consistent with the point of Order. But let us admit that this money is to be spent in the best way possible. Let up admit that it is the business of the House to do away with the existing dual ownership, and to introduce the taxpayer as the partner in this dual ownership. Then, Mr. Courtney, we have to consider whether this great and valuable and useful reform can be effected without any sort of liability to the English taxpayer. We are told that there will be no liability to the English taxpayer, because these new owners or partners will pay every year these annuities for 49 3-ears. I doubt whether they will be able to pay them. I think it very probable that agrarian and political feeling will be welded into one, and that there will be a general strike, in which case it is obviously impossible for us to go into the matter, because the right hon. Gentleman the Member for West

    943
    Birmingham has said that lie will not be a party—and I suppose he is in some way one of the authors of the Bill—to any sort of evictions. But it is urged that the tenants will pay because the Ashbourne tenants pay. But that is not germane to the point. The question is, will these tenants pay? Will we get back our money? According to a pamphlet by Mr. Sydney Halifax, some of the tenants who have purchased under the Ashbourne Act deny that they entered into the contracts voluntarily. Hear what the tenants of the Marquess of Waterford state. The Marquess received the sum of £124,000, bat the tenants are not able to pay, and the majority of them say that being in arrears they were threatened with eviction if they did not agree to buy on the landlord's terms.
    THE CHAIRMAN: The hon. Gentleman is anticipating several Amendments to Clause 6.
    MR. LABOUCHERE: I desire to ask what we are going to do if we find that these tenants cannot pay? I can only say that I know of reasons that would last me a couple of hours against this particular clause. But to put it generally, I object to the mode in which this money is to be expended, and I deny that we will get it back. I protest against the present Parliament guaranteeing this money, because the majority of this House were elected on the specific assurance that they would not expend money in this way. It is said that we Radicals are acting against the interests of Ireland, but I would point out to hon. Members for Ireland that we are bound to represent our constituents just as they are bound to represent theirs. I perfectly understand the position of Irish Members. They regard this as some boon. It is said that " A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." That depends upon what the bird in the hand is and what the bird in the bush is. A sparrow in the hand is not worth a turkey in the bush, especially if the sparrow is intended to prevent you from getting hold of the turkey.
    THE CHAIRMAN: Order, order ! The hon. Gentleman is arguing against the Bill, and is not directing his observations to the clause.
    MR. LABOUCHERE: All I can say is, that though we have great sympathy
    944
    with Irish Members on this matter, that will not prevent us from acting as our constituents wish, notwithstanding the taunts and misrepresentations of the hon. Member for Cork. We know perfectly well that we shall be defeated in this House; but it is our object to show the public that they are being tricked, cozened, and robbed by the men they were foolish enough to send to this-House. I trust, when the next General Election comes, that it will be proved we were in the right, and that we shall be thanked by the country for having done our best to prevent what we consider nothing better than a gross robbery of public money.
    MR. CHANNING: I wish to put one or two arguments before the Chancellor of the Exchequer in order to induce him to re-consider his answer to the Amendment of my right hon. Friend the Member for Wolverhampton. I think the reply of the Chancellor of the Exchequer to the question with regard to the repayments by the tenants to the Sinking Fund illustrates exactly what I wish to' lay before the Committee. The right hon. Gentleman said he would allow the tenant, if the Guaranteed Laud Stock falls to a discount, to repay his loan (so far as the Sinking Fund is concerned) out of the depreciated Stock, but he would not allow him to employ the Stock generally for the repayment of the total amount of the annuity. Would it not be wiser to adopt the plan of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Wolverhampton, and have but one Stock—a Stock which would incur the minimum of risk of fluctuation and depreciation, and would stand in the closest possible relation continuously to the amount contemplated to be handed over by the tenant to the landlord? Now, what the opponents of the Bill feel is this. We cannot prevent its passing through the House, but we hold with regard to the financial arrangements that there is a responsibility upon us which we cannot ignore. Now, the financial arrangements between the purchasing tenant and the selling landlord, and between the purchasing tenant and the Exchequer, should be of the greatest stability, causing the minimum of injustice to all concerned. It should also be the nearest approach to certainty and solidity, and

    945
    afford some guarantee for promoting an agrarian settlement in Ireland. We know that the Government laid it down in the first instance in 1888 that these payments should, as nearly as possible, correspond—that, so far as possible, £100 should be given to the landlord in cash for every £100 nominal debt. Last year the Chief Secretary, in introducing the Bill, made use of an expression of considerable importance in regard to this matter. He said not only ought the landlords to be paid in what is practically cash, but they ought to be paid in a form directly and immediately convertible into Consols or Land Stock which would really be equivalent to Consols. But the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the course of these Debates, has made it perfectly clear that Clause 7 of the Bill as now drawn does not correspond with Sub-section 2 of Section 22 of the Bill of last year; and, instead of allowing the Stocks to be interchangeable to one another, he gives only a limited power to the National Debt Commissioners to invest in this Land Stock. There will not, in fact, be a direct interchangeability. Last year the Chief Secretary said—
    " The selling landlord will be repaid in Government Stock bearing 2¾ per cent. for 30 years. The Chancellor of the Exchequer tells us that in his opinion that Stock is at least as good as Consols, and if any landlord is foolish enough to take a different view there is a provision in the Bill which obliges the National Debt Commission to exchange Consols for the Guaranteed Land Stock should he so desire."
    Now, the whole of that has been cut away by the statement of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The National Debt Commissioners, instead of being under an obligation to exchange, have only discretionary powers to invest under strict limits laid down by the Treasury. I submit the result will be that this new Stock which we are creating will be subject to great fluctuations and great depression. The Debates of the last few days have disclosed great differences of opinion on this point. The right hon. Gentleman the Member for Wolverhampton holds that a Stock bearing 23/4 per cent. for 30 years is a superior Stock to Consols; that it would have a higher value, and that the landlords of Ireland. would be receiving too much. On the other hand, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, after making a great many statements on this ques-
    946
    tion, has practically come to the conclusion that in all probability the Stock will stand about equal to Consols for the next three years; but he will not commit himself to anything further. I rather take it he means that for future purposes the Stock may be somewhat inferior to Consols. If the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Wolverhampton is correct we are committing an injustice on the English taxpayer; but if the Chancellor of the Exchequer is right you are encouraging the payment from one class of men to another of a depreciated currency. Some may say the difference will have to be paid by the landlord. I say it will fall on the tenant, because the landlord will not only demand a larger number of years' purchase in proportion to the discount at which the Stock may be standing, but also, bearing in mind the possible depreciation of the Stock, will charge the tenant so as to cover future contingencies. And, again, while the tenant will be borrowing from the State in a depreciated currency, and paying the landlords in that, he will have to pay the State back in hard cash. The Chancellor of the Exchequer has intimated that he will consider the possibility of permitting the tenant to buy this Stock if it is at a discount, and pay that portion of the annuity which goes to the Sinking Fund with it; but why will he not extend that privilege to the whole annuity? The Chancellor of the Exchequer says that doing so would possibly entail a loss to the Exchequer. I submit, however, that the refusal of that right would entail a still heavier loss on the tenant, and I hope, therefore, that the Chancellor of the Exchequer will re-consider his decision on that point. Again, I ask would it not be a wiser and a sounder policy to have but one Stock in the form of Consols? It is singular that a Minister who has distinguished himself and his financial reputation by a grand policy for the consolidation of all branches of the National Debt should support a proposal of this kind by his authority—a proposal which will multiply accounts, make new Stocks, and create financial confusion. I should have preferred, in the treatment of the Irish land question, to have seen the Government adopting the policy which is to be applied to small holdings in

    947
    England and make the advances to the Local Authority and to Land Banks; but, seeing that the Government have adopted the policy embodied in this Bill, I hold I am justified in supporting the rejection of the clause in order to emphasise once more the contention that if these thins are to be done well they should be carried out so as to produce the least friction between the parties themselves and between them and the State, and that the Stock created should not be of a varying and fluctuating nature. This is a strong argument for the Government adopting one Stock which would cause least loss to the State, would place these matters on a solid and permanent basis, and would produce less confusion, uncertainty, and discontent in Ireland.
    MR. W. P. SINCLAIR: As I understand the object of the Amendment of the hon. Gentleman the Member for Northampton, it is practically to destroy the Bill. After your ruling, 'Sir, 1 think I should be wrong to do more than direct my observations to the point that the Stock which it is proposed to issue under this clause is to be Guaranteed Stock; that is to say, it will be supported by Imperial credit. This is, generally speaking, contrary to the usual custom of the House. We are now supporting by Imperial credit a measure of this kind, and it is only fair the question should be asked, " Why do we do so? " The answer is, I think, a simple one, and can be given in a very few words. It is this: The character of past legislation in this House bearing upon land in Ireland has been such that it requires an effort on the part of the Imperial Parliament to assist in changing the system of land tenure; a change most desirable to bring about. Dual ownership has been created by the legislation of the past. It was brought about, in the first instance, by land legislation, which enabled the landlord to confiscate in days long gone by the property of the tenants; and such a state of things having been created, it requires the intervention of Imperial credit in order to bring about that which sought to be established, namely, the cultivator of the soil being the owner of the land which he is cultivating. That is the defence to be put forward for the use of Imperial credit. It is one which,
    948
    when stated distinctly and plainly to my constituents, has willingly been accepted by them as being a good and sufficient reason for the introduction of Imperial credit to effect this object. It has frequently been said in the course of these Debates that some of us won our election in 1886 by opposing the Land Purchase Bill of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Mid Lothian. It is true, Sir, that we opposed his particular scheme; but we did not oppose land purchase as a whole, nor land purchase backed up by British credit. I need not dwell upon this point. I simply emphasise the fact that so far as myself, and I believe many of my colleagues, are concerned, the statement to which I have referred is not correct.
    MR. PICTON: It is not possible to deal with the point raised by the last speaker without, I fear, transgressing the rules laid down for the government of this Debate, and I therefore will not attempt to reply to him. I may, however, say this: that if the hon. Member could be allowed to be correct in urging that the difficulties of the Irish landlord ought to be met out of the British Exchequer by British credit, at any rate the Irish landlord ought not to be treated more favourably than the holder of British funds, and I do urge the Chancellor of the Exchequer to realise the injustice he is doing to the present holders of Imperial Stock by giving better terms than they now have to those who will be the holders of the new Stock. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, when he brought his great conversion scheme before this House, gave very good ground for his confidence that any amount of money might be obtained on British credit at 2½ per cent., and he argued that it was an injustice to the taxpayers generally to go on paying more than 2½ per cent. I think if this new Stock be at all required he ought not to offer more than 2½ per cent. for it. After all, he is creating but a new variety of Consols which rest on Imperial credit, and which constitute an addition to the National Debt. I consider that what he is doing is a piece of that policy of bribery and corruption by which we have endeavoured to rule Ireland through the landlords in the past. It has been shown that the difference between 2 per cent. and 2¾ per cent. will

    949
    amount to £75,000 a year. That, in 49 years, gives us £3,684,000 to be put into the pockets of the Irish landlords as a bribe. I contend that it is utterly unnecessary thus to waste money. If the Irish landlords or the holders of this new Guaranteed Stock had been treated on the same terms as the present holders of Consolidated Stock, if they had been offered 2¾ per cent; for the first 15 years and 2½per cent. for the remainder of the 49 years, we should have had to pay less by £2,500,000. But here we are giving simply more than £3,500,000 to the Irish landlords to bribe them into selling their land. I say there is no justification for this whatsoever, and, therefore, I cannot see this clause pass without uttering a final word of protest against it. I shall vote against it, as I intend to vote against every other clause and against every stage of the Bill.
    MR. J. E. ELLIS: I wish also to utter a word of protest. I am not one of those, I confess, who have always said that under no circumstances would they support a scheme of giving Imperial credit for the assistance of the Irish Government in the matter of land purchase. Looking historically at the question of Irish land as it has been dealt with in this Bill, and especially at the aspects it has presented in the lifetime of many of those now here, there is, in my opinion, a debt due to Ireland from the Imperial Exchequer. At the same time, I think that those who sit below the Gangway will agree with me that this debt should be discharged in a way not dangerous to the Imperial Exchequer. In December last a large number of Members of this House voted in favour of a Resolution that this Bill was dangerous to the British taxpayer and hurtful to the Irish occupier, and it is because I believe it has both these elements of danger that I intend to oppose every line of every clause of this Bill. I take it that the objects set up by this clause are twofold. It is intended to settle the question of social order in Ireland and to create a peasant proprietary. At any rate, these have been objects which have been put forward by the Chief Secretary in supporting the Bill of which this clause is the essence. I think we are entitled to inquire whether there is any experience of the past to show that similar provisions in former Acts of
    950
    Parliament have attained these particular ends. Now, there are three very instructive Returns as to the danger we have run by bringing Imperial credit to the benefit of Ireland by advancing money under the Ashbourne Acts. So far as the Returns—No. 81, Session 1889, and No. 115, Session 1890—are concerned, they are the only two before this House which give adequate particulars of the operations of the Ashbourne Acts, and certainly it cannot be gathered from those particulars that either social order has been promoted or a peasant proprietary created. I have to acknowledge the courtesy and reasonableness of the Government in importing into this clause two Amendments which I have suggested with regard to the Returns under various heads; and if we had had before this House as regards the Ash bourne Acts full particulars, I think I should have been able to show that the result of the advances under those Acts had been nothing like those which had been suggested by the right hon. Gentleman in the direction of promoting social order and creating a peasant proprietary. I am going to refer now to a Return which carries the Return of last Session a little further and gives the list of defaulters—a list of those who have not paid their instalments under the Ashbourne Act. It is a very instructive Return indeed, and in the hands of some Members of the House might occupy a considerable time in examination before the Committee. But I am not going into it in any great detail. I wish to draw the attention of the House to two or three facts arising out of the Return.
    THE CHAIRMAN: Order, order! The hon. Gentleman, to judge from his own language, is speaking to the principle of the Bill, and not to the machinery of this special clause.
    MR. J. E. ELLIS: I am sorry, Sir, to have transgressed. It is my earnest endeavour not to do so. Do I understand your ruling to be that I am not entitled to show on this Return that danger has attended the issue of advances in the past, and that similar danger to the Exchequer may attend the operations of this clause?
    THE CHAIRMAN: Order, order! That is an argument against the Bill as a whole. No doubt it is an argument,

    951
    too, against every part of the Bill, but it is not an especial argument to be used against this particular clause.
    MR. J. E. ELLIS: May I put it to you most respectfully that we are by this clause to bring Imperial credit to the aid of the Irish Exchequer? My contention is that that may be attended with danger to the English taxpayer. We are here as representing the English taxpayers. I have a Return in my hands submitted to Parliament showing that by advances under certain Acts for purposes identical with those set forth in this clause danger has arisen, and, therefore, I respectfully submit to you, Sir, it is in order for me to show upon this evidence à priori that the same danger will arise to the British taxpayer from this clause.
    THE CHAIRMAN: That argument would be relevant to the Second Reading or the Third Reading, but it is not revelant to the question now the Bill is in Committee. It does not affect this special clause.
    MR. J. E. ELLIS: If you, Sir, rule that we cannot discuss the danger to the British taxpayer arising under this clause, then I have nothing further to say.
    MR. W. E. GLADSTONE: Do I understand that on this clause, which guarantees certain loans from the Public Exchequer, it is not open to us to discuss the danger that may occur to the Exchequer?
    THE CHAIRMAN: That is not quite correct. The question of guarantee has already been argued and decided by a Division in the Committee. The Committee cannot go back on that decision. The question now is whether Clause 1 stand part of the Bill.
    MR. W. E. GLADSTONE: I confess I am totally unable to understand the decision, and I will not attempt to address the Committee in regard to it.
    MR. SEXTON: I think the discussion to-day has been vindicated by the useful results secured. For example, it was understood that there was to be £30,000,000 of Stock, and yet the Bill contained no provision whatever for the creation of the Stock. It would have been very awkward if the Stock had not been created. It was also important in the discussion to reveal the fact that
    952
    there was no provision in the Bill for dealing with the unexhausted balances under the Ashbourne Acts. The Chief Secretary has put down Amendments permitting the use of those unexhausted balances. I myself brought to the notice of the right hon. Gentleman another important matter, namely, that. there is no provision for the issue of the repayments under the Ashbourne Acts. Such provision has been withdrawn from the Bill of the present year without any explanation. It constitutes a. very important part of the sum available, and I trust, before we reach Clause 6, the Chief Secretary will think it his duty to re-consider the subject and make these resources available. The Irish Representatives will certainly consider it their duty to press the point. As the lion. Member for the Rushcliffe Division has very truly said, he has been successful in his two attempts to amend the clause. It is important that the House should have before it from time to time authentic records, firstly, of the transactions under the Act; and, secondly, of any defaults that may arise. I think the right hon. Gentleman will agree with me that the insertions of these Amendments have improved the clause. The Chancellor of the Exchequer has also made some concessions to-day. In the first place, at the suggestion of the hon. Member for Cavan (Mr. Knox), he has agreed that when this Stock reaches a. high premium, as it undoubtedly will, the Treasury will give the purchaser of the farm the benefit of any reduction in the price of the Stock. That is a very great improvement of the clause, and my hon. Friend deserves the thanks of the Committee and of the tenant farmers of Ireland for the foresight which enabled him to initiate an Amendment. so reasonable. I am also sensible of the importance of the concession, that the Bill should contain a specific engagement that the purchase for which the Sinking Fund is intended shall be effected within the contemplated term. These Amendments and concessions, if there is nothing else, amply vindicate us in occupying the time of the Committee. Personally, I am not hostile to the principle of the Bill. I consider it a necessary principle. I suppose no one will be more surprised than the Chief Secretary that the hon. Member for Cork

    953
    (Mr. Parnell), in a speech delivered in Ireland yesterday, boasted he saved the Bill on Friday night. I do not suppose the Chief Secretary imagined the Bill was in any danger; if it had been in danger, I do not think it would have been saved by the hon. Member for Cork and the 10 Members who followed him into the Lobby. The hon. Member for Northampton proposes to leave out the clause because it provides an Imperial guarantee for the stockholder. That, I think, is a just and necessary measure, not only for the sum of £30,000,000, but for such a sum as would effect a transformation of the whole abominable land system England has imposed on Ireland. No doubt the clause contains a pendant, which provides that, while in the first instance the guarantee shall be provided from the Consolidated Fund, any loss sustained shall be borne by the Guarantee Fund as provided by the Act. If the Guarantee Fund were defined in the clause I should feel it my duty to vote against the clause, because I object in principle to any local guarantee for what I consider a strictly Imperial responsibility. But as the final words of the clause do not define the amount or the sources from which it is to be provided, and seeing that the whole intention of the clause does not determine the subject of the Guarantee Fund, and does not preclude me from discussing at a future stage from what source the fund shall be derived, and that the question remains open, recognising that the essence of the clause is the establishment of an Imperial guarantee, and that the question of local guarantee is not, in fact, determined by the clause, if the hon. Member for Northampton goes to a Division, I shall think it my duty to vote against him.
    MR. E. ROBERTSON: If I am in order, I should like to submit one point to the Committee. You, Sir, will recollect that the first evening the Bill was in Committee I moved the rejection of Sub-section 1 of Clause 1. I did so on the ground that by the Bill, and particularly by the 1st sub-section, we were not called upon to give direct power to grant money. The Bill did not authorise the issue of a single penny beyond the £10,000,000 under the Ashbourne Acts. I withdrew my Amend
    954
    ment in consideration of a promise by the right hon. Gentleman that he would meet all I demanded by words to be introduced in Clause 6. What I propose to submit to the Committee is that the Amendment the right hon. Gentleman has given notice of does not meet the difficulty I suggested.
    THE CHAIRMAN: It is extremely inconvenient to anticipate a discussion of words which are proposed to be added to a subsequent clause. If the hon. Gentleman tells me his action in respect of this clause depends upon the meaning to be attributed to these words, I do not see how I can prevent him examining them. It may be that the object aimed at is common to the hon. Member and the Chief Secretary, and that the only question is how the object is to be accomplished. In that case, the hon. Member may agree to withhold the discussion until Clause 6 comes up.
    MR. E. ROBERTSON: I may, perhaps, save time if I state my objections to the right hon. Gentleman's Amendment. The right lion. Gentleman proposes to amend Clause 6 by inserting the words—
    " Advances may be made under the Land Purchase Acts as amended by this Act, notwithstanding any limitation contained in the Land Purchase Acts, 1885 and 1888, by the issue of Guaranteed Land Stock, but such advances."
    I submit that in three points these words fail to serve the purpose for which he has introduced them. Section 6, after these words are inserted, will do no more than Section 1 already does. Advances may still be made under the Purchase Act notwithstanding any limitation contained in the Acts of 1885 and 1888. The aggregate limitation of £10,000,000 is not the only limitation in the Purchase Acts of 1885 and 1888; there was an individual limitation of £3,000 on each individual advance—£5,000 in the Purchase Act of 1885, reduced to £3,000 in the Act of 1888, but capable of being raised to £5,000 in exceptional cases.
    THE CHIEF SECRETARY FOR IRELAND (Mr. A. J. BALFOUR,: On the point of Order as suggested by you, Sir, may I ask whether, considering that the whole object of the Bill is to authorise advances, and that the words the hon. Gentleman is criticizing

    955
    occur in an Amendment to Clause 6, this is the proper time to take the discussion?
    THE CHAIRMAN: It is extremely inconvenient, as I have said, to discuss these words here. It appears the object aimed at is common to both the hon. Member for Dundee and the right hon. Gentleman, and the only question is, what the words proposed to be inserted in Clause 6 accomplish. If that is so, it would be better to wait until we come to Clause 6.
    MR. E. ROBERTSON: My main purpose was to inform the Government of the grave objections to the Amendment. I believe the new words make the Bill ten thousand times worse than it was before. The promise of the Chief Secretary to introduce satisfactory words, on which promise I withdrew my Amendment, remains unfulfilled. I am, therefore, obliged to vote against the whole clause.
    SIR G. TREVELYAN: I shall most certainly vote against this clause, and my reason for doing so is drawn from the clause itself. The clause establishes a complicated machinery for carrying out most important objects. The clause says
    " For the purpose of such redemption a Sinking Fund shall be established by means of an annual sum, at the rate of 1 per cent. on the nominal amount of the capital payable in equal half-yearly payments."
    We know what the whole clause is, and under what conditions this Sinking Fund will be carried forward, and I maintain that to put these words into the clause is to state something which will not be carried out. There is one county in Ireland where £450,000 in round figures has already been issued under the Ash-bourne Act. Of the £450,000, £270,000 has been issued to the tenants of two landlords. One of the landlords sold land of which the rent was £4,000 a year, and the tenants of farms which paid £3,000 or three-fourths of this rent, have already applied for an extension of the time of repayment which would make it absolutely impossible to carry out tins which Parliament is asked to pronounce shall be carried out in the clause.' But that is not all. Another landlord in the county has sold land for £12,000. Already farmers who pay rents of £3,800 a year have appealed for an extension of time, and to show that
    956
    the bargains were such that they had reason so to appeal, I say that some of the farmers have already been sold up. Now, Sir, if so quickly after that Act has been put into operation so large a number of farmers have applied for an extension —an extension which would render absolutely nugatory the machinery for setting up a Sinking Fund, what would happen with regard to the whole of Ireland? Observe what an extension will be required. All you have to deal with is this 1 per cent. which goes to the Sinking Fund, and in order to grant the extension which these tenants desire, and which from private inquiries I have made I believe they do require, considering the sums that have been paid to the landlords, you would have to apply the extension to an enormous area of time, and would have to maintain for a long time indeed the relations we object to enter into with Ireland. I believe that since these tenants have what is called purchased their holdings—as if it was they who had purchased them, and not we—there has been no bad seasons. How can you expect the Sinking Fund to go on successfully when they have bad seasons? The right hon. Marquess the Member for Rossendale (Lord Hartington), speaking not very long ago, said that the bad harvests which 'had prevailed in Ireland had rendered the payment of rent impossible. When you have a bad harvest, the carrying out of the machinery of the Sinking Fund will be an impossibility. The reason for these great difficulties in Waterford, as well as in many other counties, is that the Commissioners are not able sufficiently to inform themselves of the local circumstances of all these farmers. f this clause had provided for a reference to some body who knew the farmers and the district, I should have felt very differently about it; but this it does not do, and we are left at the mercy of the ignorance of the Commissioners and the greed of the landlords.
    MR. ROBY: I have not troubled the Committee on this Bill before, and I am only desirous now of saying a few words, in order to prevent any misunderstanding of my views. I purpose voting with the hon. Member for Northampton (Mr. Labouchere) in favour of putting au end to this clause, but I hold, in

    957
    some degree, different views from his. I am not at all opposed to the use of English money or English credit for the purpose of a real settlement of the Irish land difficulty; first, because I think that looking at the past transactions with Ireland we owe them much, and, secondly, because I take it that the removal of any great grievance is a legitimate object for the use of Imperial money and Imperial credit. I object, however, to this clause on three main grounds. First and foremost, it does not establish or provide for or refer to or permit any local control over the purchase. Secondly, the guarantee proposed is, to my mind, most objectionable; thirdly, I am not at all convinced that there is any advantage whatever in creating a new and peculiar Stock for this purpose. It seems to me in every way that it would have been better to raise the money required on the same terms and conditions as the Consolidated Stock. As my election has been tolerably fresh, I think I have a perfect right to express these views in the name of my constituents.
    MR. LABOUCHERE: If this liability of £30,000,000, which is to be thrown on the British taxpayer, would bring about a settlement of the real Irish question, I should be very glad to assent to the proposal, even if the money were to be thrown into the sea. The reason why I am opposed to it is that I believe the expenditure will not be of any advantage to Ireland, and I do not believe it will lead to Home Rule. With your ruling before me, Mr. Courtney, I will not attempt to go into the whole question of Home Rule, but I think it ought to be understood that we consider we have a plan by which, if Home Rule were granted, Ireland would be able to borrow this money at precisely the same price as she will be able to borrow it now without involving the British taxpayer in any sort of guarantee or liability. We are asked to vote this money under an absolute and entire misconception as to the figures on the part of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Remarkable as it would appear, the Chancellor of the Exchequer has himself furnished us with a Return in which he acknowledges his error. I think it will be admitted that the object of the clause is to create £30,000,000 of
    958
    Guaranteed Stock, which is to be paid off by a Sinking Fund at 1 per cent., and we are told that this will be covered by the £1,200,000 which we are supposed to have in hand in respect of the Irish contributions to the Treasury. But, remarkable as it may seem, this does not cover it in any sort of way. This is due to the use of the Sinking Fund for the object of the Bill. I think it will be admitted that the object of the clause is to create £30,000,000 of Guaranteed Stock to be paid off, and a Sinking Fund of 1 per cent., with 3 per cent. to be used as interest. I will try to make myself clear, taking an advance of £100 as an example. Each year you assume it is £100, and you never exceed that. What occurs? The first year there is 1 per cent. paid into the Sinking Fund, leaving £99; the next year it is £98. You are employing also your interest to your Sinking and increasing your liability each year; you are not covered each year by the annuity. Now the Chancellor f the Exchequer has furnished us with a Return which admits the fact. He has given us a table showing the maximum gross advances that may be made under the Bill for the first 30 years. I do not know why he does not go beyond that period unless it is that the sum proves so enormous. The Return which has been issued by the Chancellor of the Exchequer proves that he is wrong, for he himself shows that the annuity will increase to £1,212,000 in the second year and to £1,845,587 in the thirtieth year—that is to say, that if the tenants should not pay, the implication is that the deficiency will be covered by the £1,200,000. But that cannot be, because, as the Return itself shows, the tenants will in the thirtieth year owe more than £1,800,000. Some explanation is surely required from the Chancellor of the Exchequer or the Chief Secretary, because the very essence of the plea for this loan is that we shall be absolutely covered by the £1,200,000. I may be wrong and the Chancellor of the Exchequer may be able to convince me that I am, but I think we ought to get some explanation.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: As I understand the point of the hon. Member it arises only on the amount of the advances made and the amount paid to

    959
    and from the Sinking Fund, and I would ask whether it is in order to discuss this on the clause that does not deal with it. As I understand the hon. Member, his question would arise on a later clause (6) dealing with re-advances.
    MR. KEAY: Before you reply, Sir, on the point of order, may I supplement the right hon. Gentleman's remark with another, which strictly affects the present clause—that this clause in the three last lines contains, as I shall show, if your ruling permits, two gross misstatements of fact. In the first place, the advances from the Consolidated Fund cannot be temporary; and, secondly, it is provided that every such advance shall be re-paid to the Consolidated Fund out of the Guarantee Fund which is simply an arithmetical impossibility, for the reasons shown by my hon. Friend.
    THE CHAIRMAN: The point of objection taken by the right hon. Gentleman seems to be a good one. As I understand the figures to which the hon. Member for Northampton refers they have relation, to Clause 6, Sub-section 3, and on that would come the opportunity to raise the question. The point arises out, of 'the re-issue of money which has been received in repayment of capital advanced, and it will not be in order to discuss that re-issue until we come to the clause dealing with it.
    (6.38.)
    Clause 2.
    The Committee divided:Ayes 247; Noes 126.—(Div. List, No. 142.)
    MR. SEXTON: I wish to move an Amendment to line 5, after the word " moneys " to insert the words " except as hereinafter mentioned."
    MR. T. M. HEALY: Before my hon. Friend does that I should like to ask the Chief Secretary what is meant by the words " under the prescribed regulations." These may be matters of great importance. If the Government will undertake that the regulations shall be laid before Parliament in the usual way, there will be no objection, but practically the Treasury will be free to make any regulations they please.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: I think the hon. and learned Gentleman will see Mr. A. J. Balfour
    960
    that Sub-section 2 of Clause 9 meets his point.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: Yes; but in that sub-section the reference is to " rules." If by " regulations " you mean rules, and will alter the word, that will meet the point.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: It would be well to substitute " rules " for the word " regulations."
    Amendment proposed, in line 4 to leave out the word " regulations " and insert the word " rules."
    Amendment agreed to.
    MR. SEXTON: I beg to move in line 5, after the word "moneys," to insert the words " except as to the percentages hereinafter mentioned." The clause provides that a Land Purchase Account shall be established to which shall be carried all moneys received on account of any purchase-annuity for the discharge of an advance, and from this pro.. vision the object of my Amendment is to except the county percentage of 5s. per cent. I do not see why this should be paid into the Guarantee Fund. The Stock you create costs you 2¾ per cent., and the Sinking Fund 1 per cent., together 3¾ per cent., and you have nothing else to provide for but the current dividend and the Sinking Fund. Why then add another ¼ per cent.? The required 3 ¾per cent. is sufficient without it, and I consider it a purely arbitrary exaction. I want some explanation of the reason why this is exacted. However, if the Government insist on levying this ¾ per cent, then I come to the object of this Amendment. Why should this ¾ per cent., which is called the county per centage, be carried to the Land Purchase Account, which account will be sufficiently filled if it receives the 2 ¾ per cent., with 1 per cent. for the Sinking Fund? I propose that instead of this ¼per cent. being carried to the Land Purchase Account it should be carried to a separate and independent account, to be applied as I will presently state. Your Guarantee Fund is precedent to the issue of Stock, but this is something subsequent—is a matter entirely foreign to the Guarantee Fund, and should find no place in it. Your Guarantee Fund is complete without it. I seriously ask the right hon. Gentleman what is the utility of his proposal? It

    961
    is unjust that money contributed wholly by occupiers should be divisible partly among landlords. No farmer will feel the benefit of this county percentage. Will the Chief Secretary say that its distribution will produce any appreciable effect, or that any county ratepayer will feel himself better off in consequence of it I believe that this clause, however, can be made into something that will confer a notable and memorable benefit upon Ireland. As the clause stands now the county percentage will sink into the sand. If the right hon. Gentleman the Chief Secretary is unwilling to leave this out of the Guarantee Fund, let him put it into that fund first and then, if it is not wanted there, let it be added to the Fund for the erection of labourers' cottages. The Labourers' Acts have hitherto failed in their effect. A contribution was given to us last year for the purpose of erecting cottages, and we had some hope that the Exchequer contribution would be available for some time for the purpose. Now you are going to lock this money up for five years, and, therefore, the labourers will be deprived of any chance of the continuance of the £40,000 you agreed to give us last year. The Guarantee Fund can do extremely well without this paltry £2,500 a year, and I would therefore urge the right hon. Gentleman to allow it to pass into the fund at the disposal of the Lord Lieutenant to be by him divided, as if it were Probate Duty, among the various Poor Law Guardians. I think the farmers would not object to this, and the labourers would bless you for it. The expenditure of this sum of money in this way would create a most happy, salutary, and memorable change throughout Ireland. It is as true to-day as it was formerly, of the Irish labourers, that they are not only the worst clothed and the worst fed, but the worst housed men in Europe.
    Amendment proposed, in page 2, line 5, after the word " moneys," to insert the words "except as to the percentages hereinafter mentioned."—(Mr. Sexton.)
    Question proposed, " That those words be there inserted."
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: By this Amendment the whole question of county percentage is raised. It is
    962
    alleged that some injustice is done to the Irish tenant by not giving him full advantage of English credit. I consider that full justice is done by the Bill. The payment will be made, in some cases, by the tenant, and in some cases by the landlord; probably in more cases by the landlord than by the tenant. If the tenant thinks only of the amount of the annuity he has to pay in lieu of rent, and will bargain with his landlord on that consideration alone, I imagine that probably it will be the landlord who will pay the 5s. per cent., and not the tenant. Do not, at all events, let anyone assume too rashly that the party to the bargain who will pay this will be the tenant. I have to ask whether it really is unjust that we should ask those to whom we lend British credit to use part of the great boon bestowed upon them for purposes outside their own special requirements. Many important Members of the House not only agree with me in this, but think I have not gone nearly far enough. The right hon. Gentleman the Member for West Birmingham, and many others who do, not agree with him in politics, are of opinion, not that I have given too much to the Local Authorities, but that I have not given enough, and have too rigidly confined the advantages to the class of the landlords, and the class of the tenants. The course adopted in the Bill, I think, best meets the equities of the case. The hon. Member says, " After all, the boon you have given to the Local Authorities. is so trifling that it may be ignored. "am not sure that that is the case. It may almost be regarded as a fee to the Local Authorities for the collection of the annuities. It gives them an interest in collecting the annuities—an interest far greater than is given to any agent in Ireland in the collection of rents—and I cannot admit that that boon is of the insignificant and contemptible character. stated by the hon. Member.
    MR. SEXTON: It will only amount to d. in the £1.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: Well, even so. I do not know what Irish ratepayers think, but in England we do not regard d. in the £1 as insignificant. Does the hon. Gentleman wish to withdraw this 5s. per cent. altogether from the guarantee? Does he wish that if there be a default in the locality the locality

    963
    should not suffer? I think that would be bad in every way. I entirely agree that we should, as far as lies in our power, associate the Local Authorities with the punctual payment of the annuities. If the hon. Gentleman's proposal were accepted, and we were to divorce the localities and the payment of annuities, we should. leave the localities animated by the dread of losing their share of the Guarantee Fund, and nothing else whatever. For these reasons I do not agree with the earlier part of the speech of the hon. Gcntleman. But he concluded by making an appeal which really assimilates itself far more to the proposal we have in the Bill than it does to the proposal in the earlier portion of his remarks. I do not see how the hon. Gentleman's proposal materially differs from the proposal in the Bill. He says, " I will show you a plan that will confer a great boon on the labourers in Ireland, and one which the farmers will not grudge." I thought he was about to propose a plan which had entirely escaped the notice of Her Majesty's Government.
    MR. SEXTON: Under the Bill it is only at the discretion of the Lord Lieutenant, by exemption from the rule, that the money is to be spent on labourers' cottages. I want to alter that, and make it the rule and not the exception.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: Quite so; but the hon. Gentleman said there was to be some enormous benefit given to the labourers, and I do not think that that would be the case. Our own idea was that whenever the Local Authorities showed a desire to spend the money on labourers' cottages, it should be given to them for general purposes; but that where the Local Authorities did not show this desire, the Lord Lieutenant should earmark it and say that it should be devoted to this purpose. I believe that there would be very little difference indeed between the hon. Gentleman's proposal and our proposal. I have no doubt that under our proposal labourers' cottages will be erected in those Unions where the Guardians object to erecting them at present, whilst there will be no need for them in the Unions where the Guardians have exerted themselves to erect such cottages.
    MR. SEXTON: For my part, I should not wish to see any part of this money
    964
    thrown away on Unions where they are not willing to devote it to the building of labourers' cottages.
    MR. MAHONY: The hon. Member for West Belfast will will not be surprised if I say that I cannot support this Amendment, because I have two Amendments upon the Paper which I think would make the Bill more effective than the present Amendment, which only, so far as I understand it, provides that the money shall not pass through the Land Purchase Account. I do not think it matters very much whether the money passes through that account or not, so long as it ultimately comes into the possession of the Labourers' Cottage Fund. The tenants in Ireland are quite intelligent enough to be able to calculate how much they will have to pay at so many years' purchase, and therefore it will be no direct benefit to them to reduce the instalments to 3i per cent., because if it remains at 4 per cent. they will not be prepared to pay quite so many years' purchase. But there is a direct reason why you should give this small amount of 5s. to the labourer. They are part of the community who will have to guarantee payment year by year of the 4 per cent. I heard an hon. Member allege the other night that the labourers would not have to guarantee 4 per cent., but he was in error in the matter, for he assumed that persons occupying holdings of under £4 valuation do not pay county cess. It is true they do not pay poor rates. The landlord has to pay those, but they do pay county cess, and are liable for it as much as any other class of occupiers; and if there is any default in the payments under this Act, it is by means of an extra payment to the county cess that it will be made good. Therefore, the labourers will have to contribute towards this; and I say that, under those circumstances, they have a special claim to consideration. They are in the same position as tenant farmers, save that the latter have a chance of securing benefit by purchasing these holdings, whereas the labourers have not. The labourers have a special claim to get this 5s. My hon. Friend says it will be a trifling amount, but if the whole £30,000,000 were expended it would be £75,000 a year, which would hardly be a trifle. I think we may press on the Chief Secre

    965
    tary to make some concession on this point. I ask that instead of throwing the onus of proof as to whether the money is required for building labourers' cottages on the locality we should assume —what everybody who knows Ireland is willing to assume—that there is no district in the country where labourers' cottages are not wanted. Let us leave it to the ratepayers to show that the money is not wanted for this purpose, and to apply, if they think it necessary, to the Lord Lieutenant for power to spend the money in relief of the rates. If no such application is made, I ask that the money shall be used for the erection of labourers' cottages, and for no other purpose. The Chief Secretary could give this small amount of money out of the Guarantee Fund, and do so without any risk to the British taxpayer. I hope he will seriously consider the matter.
    SIR G. CAMPBELL: I must say that I view with great apprehension what has happened to-day. The hon. Member for Cork made a speech in Ireland yesterday and said that Irish traitors refuse to take British money when they have the chance. That may have an effect on the people of Ireland, and the English people may think with the hon. Member that the Irish Members have now the chance of taking British money. These hon. Gentlemen get up to-day and say, " We want your money, but what we object to is the provision for its repayment. We object to the repayment coming from Irish pockets." It seems to me that this 4 per cent. is the only real assurance we have for the repayment of this money. There are likely to be some bad debts, and this amount will go to make them good and to recoup the British taxpayer to the extent of 23/4 per cent. This per cent. will be security against bad debts, and if it is not wanted for that purpose it will go to the improvement of the cottages of the Irish labourers. I do not like the friendly approximation we see between the Chief Secretary and hon. Members below the Gangway on this side of the House, who have just voted for the 1st clause. The Chief Secretary says, "The first part of the speech of the hon. Member for West Belfast I do not accept, but the second part does not seem to be so bad." He seems in
    966
    clined to give up the security for the payment of Irish debts in order to devote it to Irish local purposes
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: Nothing of the kind.
    SIR G. CAMPBELL: We hear that when a certain class of people differ, honest men come by their rights. May not the converse of that happen; and that if a certain class of people agree together, honest men will be deprived of their rights? I hope the Committee will insist on retaining this small Irish security for the repayment of these loans.
    COLONEL NOLAN: I do not deny that the hon. Member who has just sat down is an honest man, but I am sorry he compares us to people who are not quite honest. However, the courtesy of the hon.' Member is well-known, and I pass from his courtesy to his argument. I would point out that Irish credit has been pledged for the benefit of the English Empire over and over again. Our credit is pledged with yours in India; and although you benefit, it has been computed, to the extent of £14,000,000 a year by the possession of India, we derive no benefit at all. We ask in return for the pledging of our credit in this and other directions that we in Ireland should derive some slight benefit from British credit. Passing from the hon. Gentleman's speech I will deal with the Amendment. It is a double-barrelled one, the hon. Member seeking with the left barrel to bring down the small tenant in the West of Ireland, and with the right barrel to bring down the labourer in the South of Ireland There are not many of either class, but I think we are at some disadvantage in discussing an Amendment which has this twofold object. I should have preferred to take each object separately. However, they are both very good. The hon. Member says the tenants should get the loans at £3 15s. interest. There is a large sum of money given from the Probate Duty to Ireland; and before the Imperial credit would come in, the whole of this Probate Duty could be come upon, consequently the Government could very well afford to allow the tenants in Ireland to buy their lands at the rate of £3 15s. per cent. I have an Amendment dealing with small tenants only, but I will take the case of

    967
    the whole of the tenants, and I think it is a great mistake to endeavour to tax them for the benefit of any other class of the community by putting on this extra 5s. I think they ought to get the money at the cheapest rate at which the Government can give it. What I chiefly object to is that this 5s. fund combines the two characteristics of a Guarantee Fund and a Benevolent Fund. It ought to be either a Guarantee Fund, when the Guarantee Fund would come back to the tenants, or it ought to be a Benevolent Fund upon which the Poor Law Unions and the neighbours ought to be able to reckon. I think it is highly disadvantageous for every one concerned. It is bad for the State, because it prevents bargains being made, and also bad for the landlords, because it stops bargains; but it is worse for the tenants, who have to pay 5s. more. It will be ultimately, no doubt, borne partially by the tenant and partially by the landlord, but at first the burden will fall chiefly on the tenant. In this way, I think, this is a most objectionable part of the Bill. As regards the case of the labourers, they ought not to be set against the farmers; and, as in my own part of the country, the farmers are nearly all small farmers, and they are intermingled with the labourers in many ways, this proposal of the Bill is particularly objectionable. What this Bill ought to do for the labourers is to give them facilities for acquiring land. That I do not think the Bill adequately provides for at present. But the labourers ought not to be benefited by a tax under this Bill as against the farmers. The worst of all, however, is that they are to be benefited by an uncertain tax, which will prevent them from getting some other benefits. It will be argued that the labourers pay some county cess to the Guarantee Fund, but we know they pay an almost infinitesimal amount of county cess, so that the actual contribution under the Bill is very small. The labourers pay a good deal in the shape of taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and tea, and if the labourers are to benefit at all, it should be out of the Imperial Funds to which they are larger contributors. As a class they pay far more for Imperial purposes than rich men, and I personally would like to see all reference to labourers struck out of the Bill so far as
    968
    surplus money is concerned, and I should like to see introduced facilities for the acquisition of half an acre or an acre of land on the same terms as the farmer buying 100 acres. I hope the Government will re-consider the case, and will seriously consider the point whether it would not be far better to strike out altogether the extra 5s. and let the tenants have the land for £3 15s. per cent.; or if they cannot do that, at any rate, when the Guarantee Fund is satisfied, let the 5s. be refunded. On the whole, I am inclined to support the Amendment of the hon. Member for West Belfast (Mr. Sexton), because it is an Amendment that depends entirely upon how it is looked at. The actual wording is rather difficult to follow, but I interpret it in the shape in which I have endeavoured to put my remarks. I look upon this as the most important part of the Bill, but one upon which the Government have gone wrong.
    MR. MACARTNEY: The hon. Member for "West Belfast lays great stress upon the 'Amendment; but if that is so, and if he considers that very great benefits would accrue from it, I think it is a matter of great regret that it was not placed on the Paper. The hon. Member will know from experience of this House that it. is a very awkward and inconvenient thing to propose in manuscript an Amendment upon which any hon. Member relies. If it is desired to obtain a very important alteration in a clause, certainly it is much more convenient that lion. Members should have an opportunity of judging clearly its effect. I have listened to the argument of the hon. Member, and, in the first place, I do not agree that his Amendment would make much alteration in the bargain to be arrived at between tenant and landlord. I do not think it would be of that great benefit to the tenant which some hon. Members opposite seem to think. I fancy, if this 5s. were struck out altogether, it would only result in the landlord and tenant coming to an agreement on a slightly different basis, which would end, in all probability, in the tenant paying a higher price for his land. So far as the Amendment regards the labourer, I have listened to what the hon. Gentleman has said, and I cannot

    969
    see that the alteration which he proposes in the machinery of the clause will lead to any material benefit to the labourer. If it did I should be extremely glad to join him. It is my opinion that the benefits conferred on the labouring population of Ireland in the Bill are extremely minute. I regret much that the Government have not been able to see their way to make them more effective. Everybody seems to have his own little plan to improve the Bill in that direction, and possibly before the end of the Committee I may venture to offer a plan, which I think will, at all events, place a more effective sum at the disposal of the Government and the Local Authorities for the benefit of the labourers. If I felt convinced that the alteration proposed was a really effective alteration in the direction of conferring a much larger material benefit or placing a much larger sum at the disposal of the authorities for the labourers, I should vote for it, but I cannot see that the distinction is very great, and I shall therefore support the clause as it stands, hoping before the Committee comes to an end to do something in a more material way to amend it.
    MR. SHAW LEFEVRE: The proposal of my hon. Friend. the Member for West Belfast (Mr. Sexton) is one which has my cordial approval. It seems to me that this 5s. out of the £4 which is to be handed over first to the Guarantee Fund and then to be devoted at the discretion of the Lord Lieutenant to labourers' cottages is very important. For my part, I should like to see it a larger amount; And if the Government had been inclined to support the Amendment of my right hon. Friend the Member for Wolverhampton (Mr. H. H. Fowler), this fund would. have been increased by £75,000 a year. 1 am sure my hon. Friend the Member for West Belfast is justified, from his point of view, in moving his Amendment. He proposes, I understand, that the tenant should be paid the sum of 5s. per cent. out of the £4.
    MR. SEXTON: I did not put that .forward. I only mentioned it casually.
    MR. SHAW LEFEVRE: I entirely ,agree with what the Chief Secretary has -,said, that this is not a reduction from ..the tenant, but rather from the landlord. My impression is that if the tenants paid
    970
    3¾ per cent. the landlord would. get rather a larger price for the purchase than he otherwise would do if political economy—and I am afraid it does not—prevailed in Ireland. The importance of the clause as it stands is this: The 5s. out of the £4 goes to the Guarantee Fund for the security of the English taxpayer beyond the amount of the instalments; secondly, it gives a bonus to the labourers; and, thirdly, it associates public opinion in Ireland with the payment of these instalments. Now, all these objects seem to me well worthy of assistance, and I should be very unwilling to see the Bill altered in this respect. If, therefore, my hon. Friend means that the 5s. should not pass through the Guarantee Fund, then I, for my part, could not support the Amendment. If, on the other hand, he means that the discretion to the Lord Lieutenant as to labourers' cottages should be more mandatory, I should be willing to support him.
    MR. SEXTON: I am willing to agree to the point that the money should pass through the Guarantee Fund, and that, on being released from that fund, it shall be applied directly to the purpose specified.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: I understand that this 5s. is to be disposed of according to the principle on which the Probate grants are now made. I have two or three times raised the question, and certainly I shall move the omission of the words when we come to that part of the Bill, because a more mischievous way of distributing money I have never known. I think the Government would do well to accept the Amendment at this stage. Now, this 5s. per cent. over the whole £30,000,000 will amount to £75,000 — or £2,500 for every £1,000,000 paid out. The Government, by their present attitude, are really refusing practical benefit to the labourer. The labourers in all the provinces of Ireland, except Ulster, have used the Labourers' Act, but in Ulster it has not been put into operation at all; and the result will be that the Lord Lieutenant will make an Order which will benefit the Orange districts, where ,the Labourers' Act has not been put in operation at all; while the labourers in other parts of the country, where, the Act has been used, will , gain no

    971
    benefit whatever. In other words, you will be able to take advantage of your own wrong. The result will be that the Lord Lieutenant will use this provision for the Province of Ulster, and Ulster alone. I therefore think my hon. Friend is well advised in moving his Amendment at this particular stage. I wish to make a remark in reference to what was said by an hon. Gentleman in regard to the speeches—he said " the very important speeches "—delivered in Ireland by the hon. Member for Cork. I would venture to assure him that they have about as much influence in that island as the speeches of the hon. Gentleman himself have in this House. The only other remark I have to make is this: that they attract as much attention as the speeches of the respected Grand Master of the Orangemen about whom a question was asked to-day.
    MR. SEXTON: The Amendment in its present form is quite consistent with the use of the Guarantee Fund. The money may be kept out of the land purchase account, and yet may come into the Guarantee Fund.
    MR. KNOX: I venture to think that there is no reason why some arrangement should not be come to between both sides of the House. The hon. Member for North Antrim, for instance, was largely in sympathy with the object of my hon. Friend the Member for West Belfast. My hon. Friend's Amendment would leave the county percentage as before, but it would ensure that it would go to the labourer, there being little security at present that it will go in that direction. If real benefit is to be conferred on the labourer in Ireland, the sum should go to him directly. The Government have ample guarantees in the latter part of the measure in the Irish Probate, and in the Exchequer contribution. Suppose the Lord Lieutenant ordered that the county percentage should be devoted to the erection of labourers' cottages, you would have no guarantee, nothing really that would make the farmer more anxious to pay his instalments. It would not hurt the farmers to find the labourers in cottages like pig styes. Therefore, we say there is no real guarantee. We urge the Government, if possible, to accept this Amendment, and to provide that this
    972
    money shall go directly to the labourer. We think he ought to get some benefit under this Bill. So far he has reaped but little advantage from Irish land legislation. But the Government propose that the money shall be ladled first from the tenant's pocket into the land purchase account and thence into the Guarantee Fund, and it will be only after a considerable lapse of time that it-can reach the labourers. The object of this Amendment is to make it certain that the labourer will get this not inconsiderable sum which, if it is employed as we suggest, will effect a great and beneficial change on the face of Ireland. If the Amendment is not carried it is. evident the labourer will get nothing at all.
    MR. MACARTNEY: I am as anxious as hon. Members opposite that this money shall go direct to the labourers. I understand the contention to be that it should be withdrawn from the cash portion of the Guarantee Fund and go directly to that fund over which the Local Authority has control. Now, that is a matter entirely for the Government and the Representatives of the British taxpayer to settle. For myself I am quite prepared to agree that this. ¼ per cent. shall go directly into the hands of the Local Authorities to be applied to the erection of agricultural labourers' cottages in Ireland.
    MR. MAHONY: May I point out there will be really no risk to the British taxpayer if this money does go-direct to the Labourers' Fund, because if the county percentage is not paid the person who will be the sufferer will be the labourer. The money is not due to the State; what is due to the State is the 3¾ per cent. I hope that the Government will grant this small concession.
    MR. T. W. RUSSELL: It is rather inconvenient to discuss an Amendment which does not appear on the Paper. I can state my objection in a couple of sentences. This is not a labourers' Bill, but a measure for the creation of an occupying ownership in Ireland. I am not prepared to nibble here and there at the securities provided in the Bill, and, therefore, I support the clause as drawn. At the same time, I believe the labourers will reap great advantage under the clause.
    MR. LABOUCHERE: 1 cannot agree with my hon. Friends that this is not, to a certain extent, covered by the advances. Unquestionably, this £75,000 per annum is part of the compulsory Guarantee Fund. What I would suggest is this: If they wish it to go directly to the labourers instead of to the county there will be no objection, so far as I can see, from the standpoint of the British taxpayer, but it must be provided there is no default anywhere.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: We have now had an expression of opinion from the most watchful guardian of the British taxpayer. I really think the Government might make some little concession on this point. The hon. Member for South Antrim is in favour of our proposition, so is the hon. Member for Northampton. Of course, the Government are not in the habit of taking notice of what the hon. Member for South Tyrone says, so there is nobody in the House of any account against our Amendment. The Chief Secretary treated the County Board, the Grand Jury, and the Board of Guardians as if they were composed of persons who were the safety-valves of the successful working of the Act. He seemed to have an idea they would have a temptation to see that no fault was made. But I venture to say that if a man knew a neighbour was about to make default, the infinitesimal loss which would thereby accrue would not cause his remonstrance to amount to sternness. The right hon. Gentleman spoke as if everybody would be watching the operation of the purchase system in the same way as a gardener watched the growth of a new plant. 'Why, that is absurd. I could not understand what the hon. and gallant Member for Galway was aiming at. He seemed to argue that the labourers ought to get nothing under this Bill. He seemed to say that in his district there were no labourers, but that they were all small farmers. Well, my point is that the labourer does not get a sufficient advantage, and I appeal to the Government, as there is considerable discontent in Ireland as to the distribution of the Probate Duty, to concede this direct benefit to the labourer—a benefit which would be real and substantial, while causing infinitesimal loss to the farmer and to the rates.
    Sin J. COLOMB: I cannot see that a case has been made out for the Amendment. The amount of money which would be placed at the disposal of Boards of Guardians would be so small that scarcely any cottages could be built. I sympathise with the agricultural labourer in Ireland; but if we intend to confer any substantial benefit on him under the Bill, it should be in a direction that is practical and not theoretical. I am strongly of opinion that labourers occupying cottages under the Board of Guardians should be allowed to purchase; but I think it is unnecessary to tamper with the financial arrangements of the Bill, especially when there has not been placed before the Committee any reason showing that there will be any substantial benefit conferred on the labourers.
    COLONEL NOLAN: I am sorry the hon. Member for North Longford failed to understand my point. I think if the labourers are to get any benefit they should be allowed to purchase their holdings, but I do not think a tax should be put upon Consols for their benefit. The hon. Member in one of his speeches said the arguments of the hon. Member for Cork would have no weight in Ireland. I will not say what the general effect is, but I know that in the Counties of Roscommon, Mayo, and Galway they will have great weight on the smaller tenants. I have just had an opportunity of speaking to a local gentleman, who—
    THE CHAIRMAN: Order, order ! The Committee had better attend to its own business.
    MR. SEXTON: I venture to point out to the hon. and gallant Officer opposite that his Amendment does not merely confer a theoretical benefit; the benefit it confers is of an extremely practical character. The £75,000, which would be the amount available when the full £30,000,000 is advanced—
    MR. T. W. RUSSELL: When will that be?
    MR. SEXTON: I hope very soon. The £75,000 will be sufficient to erect 1,000 cottages per annum. It appears to me that the Chief Secretary's object in regard to the county percentage is substantially the same as that of the Irish Members; and, if that is so, I do

    975
    not see why the right hon. Gentleman should object to have it stated in the Bill. I would, therefore, propose that the clause be amended by providing that the money in question shall be applied towards the cost of erecting labourers' cottages under the Labourers' Cottages (Ireland) Acts, subject to such regulations as the Lord Lieutenant may think expedient. I will go further. If the right hon. Gentleman thinks the Lord Lieutenant should have a more general discretion as to the application of the money, I will not make it a mandate that the money shall be applied in a particular way. But anyone who knows anything about the condition of Ireland must be aware that the great bulk of the agricultural labourers are miserably housed, and are yet paying intolerably high rents, and, therefore, for many years to come this money could be most usefully employed.
    MR. MAHONY: If the Chief Secretary falls in with that suggestion it will preclude the necessity of my moving several Amendments which stand in my name.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: There were originally three questions before the Committee. The first was whether this money should form part of the Guarantee Fund. I understand that the hon. Gentleman does not press that. The second question has never been clearly stated, but I think it was whether this 5s. should be put into a common purse for the whole of Ireland or be distributed only in the county in which the holding is situated. I do not think any change is possible in the Bill in that respect. I hold that the county in which the sale takes place is, ought to be, and must be, the county to derive the benefit from the 5s. The third question is as to whether the whole money should be given for the purpose of erecting labourers' cottages, or whether some discretion should be left to the Lord Lieutenant, who is the Executive Government, as to how it shall be used. I take it the Debate is now narrowed down to one point, and I think I can show the Committee reasons for preferring the present form of the Bill. I agree with everything that has been said in favour of substituting tolerable houses for the miserable hovels in which many labourers at present live in Ire
    976
    land, but I think that every one acquainted with the condition of Ireland will admit that to do anything to make the number of labourers in a district in excess of the employment to be obtained there would be most disastrous to the labourers themselves. A careful eye must be kept on the needs of the district, and public money must not be used for the purpose of encouraging labourers to remain there.
    MR. SEXTON: The Local Government Board Inspector will do that.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: The point of the hon. Member is that the whole of the money must be spent on labourers' cottages and within the county. I can conceive cases in which the erection of large numbers of cottages would he a serious evil in the county in which they may be built. I agree that there is probably no county in Ireland in which a considerable sum might not with advantage be spent in that way. That, however, is a different thing from putting a provision in the Bill compelling a sum of £75,000 to be spent annually for that purpose. I cannot agree to earmark the money in this way. There is no danger that the Lord Lieutenant, who through the Chief Secretary is subject to the .will of the House, will not do his best to see that the money is spent to the utmost advantage and for the benefit of the labourers. I think he will have the strongest possible motive for using it for the erection of labourers' cottages in every county in which such cottages are required. Therefore, I think there is no necessity for a change in the Bill.
    MR. MAHONY: I think we are all practically agreed, but I fear the Chief Secretary has not quite appreciated the object of the Amendment: It is that Clause 2 presumes, in the first place, that the money is to be used for the reduction of the county cess and poor rate, save where it appears to the Lord Lieutenant, on the representation of the Local Government Board, it should be applied to the erection of labourers' cottages. The presumption, then, is that it is not to be applied to the erection of labourers' cottages unless a special case can be made out. We want the presumption to be the other way. We do not object to giving the Lord Lieutenant power to apply the money to the reduction of the county cess if it can

    977
    be shown there is no necessity for labourers' cottages in the county. All we want to do is to reverse the order of this clause, and to avoid the necessity of incurring the expense of making application to the Lord Lieutenant. We want to secure the money without expense. There is one other alteration I would suggest to the Chief Secretary, and it is that there should be power, under the direction of the Lord Lieutenant, to use this money not only for the purpose of erecting new cottages, but for the purpose of paying the annual instalments on cottages already erected.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: What we suggest is that the right hon. Gentleman should reverse the order of things; that is to say, that the presumption should be that the money should go to labourers' cottages in the first instance, and in the second case be diverted to the relief of local taxation.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: I prefer the clause as it stands, but I shall be glad to make a concession on this point. Hon. Gentlemen have given up their ideas on several matters, and I should be glad to join hands on the suggested terms, namely, that this money should not necessarily be applied to labourers' cottages in cases where it is not required, but that the clause should be so framed that the presumption should be in the direction of so applying it.
    MR. SEXTON: On that understanding I ask leave to withdraw my Amendment.
    MR. CONYBEARE: We are not all agreed about this matter. There is one important individual who has not been consulted at all, and that is the British taxpayer. I regard with great suspicion every attempt to devote any money, whether it comes from—
    THE CHAIRMAN: I understand the hon. Member for West Belfast wishes to withdraw his Amendment, so as to leave this fund primarily in the Guarantee Fund.
    MR. MAHONY: Are we to understand the right lion. Gentleman agrees that this money may be used for the purpose of paying off some of the intalments on cottages already erected?
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR'Sanswer was inaudible in the Gallery.
    Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: In the absence of my lion. Friend (Mr. Chance), I beg to move, in Clause 2, page 2, line 9, after " (a)" to insert—
    "In paying to the Labourers' Dwellings Fund hereinafter established a sum equal to the difference between the nominal value of the Guaranteed Land Stock purchased by the National Debt Commissioners and the price paid by them therefor."
    The object of the Amendment is that in case the National Debt Commissioners are able to purchase the Stock at 98, and so to make a profit of £2 on each £100, the profit should go into the Labourers' Dwellings Fund. The Chancellor of the Exchequer has stated that the Government do not desire to make any profit by the transactions, but it is clear that if the Stock is depreciated there will be profit somewhere.
    Amendment proposed, in page 2, line 9, after " (a) " to insert the words
    " In paying to the Labourers' Dwellings Fund hereinafter established a sum equal to the difference between the nominal value of the Guaranteed Land Stock purchased by the National Debt Commissioners and the price paid by them therefor.—(Mr. T. M. Healy.)
    Question proposed, " That those words be there inserted."
    MR. GOSCHEN: It is quite true that the Government do not desire to make a profit; but the 'real point is, how the Sinking Fund will stand. It may happen that the Government or the National Debt Commissioners may not be able to invest the money without loss. The hon. Gentleman need not be afraid; this balance will simply be used in the redemption of so much more Stock.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: I will withdraw the Amendment; but will the right hon. Gentleman undertake that, in case there is an appreciable profit, we may have a claim to devote the profit to some purpose connected with Ireland?
    MR. GOSCHEN: The hon. Member is putting this claim forward in the interest of Ireland 49 years hence, but the interest of the British taxpayer 49 years hence should not be lost sight of. The. Government will consider whether, if after the whole operation, there be a surplus, the surplus may not be applied to Irish purposes. It is certainly not the intention of the Government to make one atom of profit out of the transaction.
    MR. CONYBEARE: I am exceedingly relieved to hear that the right hon. Gentleman has not altogether forgotten the existence of the British taxpayer. What I and many others contemplate is that these operations will land the country in great loss, and we do not view with equanimity a proposal that whatever profit there may be on the Chancellor of the Exchequcr's Stock-jobbing transactions, should inure to the Irish tenant, but think it should inure to the British taxpayer.
    MR. SHAW LEFEVRE: I do not agree with my hon. Friend. I think if there is a profit it ought to go to the Irish people. They have to bear any loss, and, therefore, they ought to receive the benefit of any profit.
    Amendment, by leave, withdrawn. (8.40.)
    MR. MAHONY: The Chief Secretary has made a concession which will render it unnecessary for me to press the Amendment which stands in my name, and I only want the Attorney General for Ireland to consider this matter before the Bill reaches Report stage—
    (9.17.) Notice taken, that 40 Members were not present; House counted, and 40 Members being found present,
    MR. MAHONY: There is no necessity for me to press my Amendment, owing to the concession made by the Government, but I suggest, the consideration of this further concession before the Report stage is reached, that in any county where the Lord Lieutenant decides that such percentage is not required, he may have power to apportion, in that particular county, any part of such sum in any way he thinks fit, for the reduction of annual payments in the case of houses already erected under the Labourers' Dwellings Act. My reason for asking this is that I know as a positive fact that there are many districts in Ireland where the instalments necessary on the erection of labourers' houses are a very heavy payment. It is all very well to provide labourers with better dwellings than they formerly occupied, but I am not at all sure that when a man can hardly earn the money to supply his family with food, he appreciates this benefit
    980
    he has to pay for'; and if this money is not required in any particular county for the erection of new buildings, then the Lord Lieutenant should have power to apportion the money for the reduction of instalments on this account.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: I think it was understood that, having this substantial concession, we should proceed to make progress.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: The Amendment which I would suggest to carry out the pledge I gave earlier in the proceedings, would be to omit the words after "advance," in line 14, down to " that," in line 19. Perhaps I had better read the sub-section as it would read when amended—
    " In paying to the Guarantee Fund an annual sum (in this Act referred to as the county percentage) at the rate of every Cs. for every £100 of the advance, the whole or any part of such percentage not required for the purposes of the Guarantee Fund shall be applied to erection of labourers' dwellings in the county wherever such holdings are situate under the provisions of the Labourers (Ireland) Acts, subject to such regulations and terms as the Lord Lieutenant may think expedient, save where it appears to him, on the representation of the Local Government Board, that the whole or any part of such percentage should not be so applied he may order it to be applied as if it were part of the Irish Probate Duty grant, and subject to such regulations as he thinks expedient he may withhold or suspend the distribution of the whole or part of the said percentage when paid to the Local Taxation (Ireland) Account."
    As a preparatory Amendment, I would move the omission of the words from " which," in line 14, to " that " in line 19.
    COLONEL NOLAN: I have an Amendment to propose before that. It is necessary, before we proceed to the Amendment of the right hon. Gentleman, that this should be first considered. The object of my Amendment has relation to the small tenants, and I fix the limit of those at £15, because in other Acts I observe that has been adopted as a limit, though I attach no importance to that exact limit; it may be fixed at £10 or £20. I will accept any limit to the large number of tenants between £1 and £20. My object is to provide that the annual payment to the Guarantee Fund shall be at the rate of Is. for all holdings paying a purchase annuity under £15. I may say that in the West of Ireland, at all events, with which part of the

    981
    country I am best acquainted, the great bulk of the tenants have holdings ranging in value from £1 to £20. I do not think that these people should pay any tax or contribution to any account beyond what they pay at present. I think that above all classes in the community these are the people who should be made peasant proprietors. One reason is that these very small tenants are so very much more numerous, and if our great object is to solidify society, and the peasant proprietor class in Ireland, then this can be accomplished to a much larger extent and by the same expenditure where you deal with 50 tenants of £4 than with one tenant at £200. Now of the £30,000,000 these small tenants, though so much more numerous than the large tenants, will have the benefit of £6,000,000 or £8,000,000 only, the larger tenants will have the great bulk of the advances. For the advantage it will be to the scheme as a whole, I think the small tenants might have the benefit of obtaining money at a slightly lower rate than the larger tenants, and the possible loss to your Guarantee Fund will be extremely small. It cannot, I suppose, exceed at the utmost £20,000. I ask that they should have slightly better terms, £3 16s. on each £100 Stock, L3 15s. to the State, and 1s. to the Guarantee Fund, instead of £4 paid by the larger tenants. You will thus more rapidly solidify the class of small proprietors at a cheap rate, and you will have some lien on their gratitude when they appreciate the advantage of British credit, On the other hand if you demand this extra 4s. they will be entitled to say that they are subjected to extra taxation for local purposes, for labourers' cottages, or the Poor Law or other purposes. They are in fact their own labourers where these small tenancies prevail, so that by this slight modification you would be really taking nothing from the labourers of the district. This is the only Amendment I have on the Paper, and if the Government accept this I will undertake to put no other Amendment down. I attach great importance to the Amendment, and I am sure it will make this Bill very popular among the small tenants to whom it would apply. About five-sixths of this very Guarantee Fund is formed by the tenant purchasers
    982
    themselves, and my Amendment will not prevent the larger tenants paying to that fund, and I believe that if my proposal is carried it will confer a great benefit on society and on the smaller tenants especially.
    Amendment proposed,
    In page 2, line 13, after the words "rate of," to insert the words " one shilling for all holdings paying a purchase annuity under fifteen pounds, and for all other holdings."—(Colonel Nolan.)
    Question proposed, " That those words be there inserted."
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: I am sanguine enough to think that I can show the hon. and gallant Gentleman conclusive reasons why this particular Amendment shall not be accepted. In the first place this Act is based upon the Ashbourn e Acts of 1885 and 1888, where the amount required from the tenant is 4 per cent., and if this relief, as the hon. and gallant Member considers it, were given to the tenant, the only effect would be that 4s. out of the 5s. would be unappropriated and unused. This Amendment would lead to an additional second clause. But ought they to pass such an inconsequential clause? The hon. and gallant Member says that in Galway there are practically hardly any labourers, and that almost the whole of the poorer population are excluded from the operation of this clause, because they are excluded from the operation of the Acts on which the clause is based. It is undoubtedly accurate that in, Galway and other counties there are many small tenants. But what would. be the result of this proposal? It would be that when the poor labourers were provided for, the whole of this money would go to the mass of the cess payers, and the mass of the cess payers are those whom the hon. and gallant Member desires to serve—the small tenants. He seems to think we are taxing the small tenants. I object to the phrase. What we are doing is to take some 50 per cent. off the rent payable by these small holders, and you can not call this enormous boon in any' sense taxing those to whom it is given. The hon. and gallant Member wishes us to introduce the principle of the graduated. Income Tax, and to use our credit in a. different manner for the poor and for the relatively well to do. I do not think

    983
    you can adopt that principle. f you did, you would have to give it great development in the Bill. The proposed relief would go more to the mass of the cess payers and to the landlords than to those whom it is intended to benefit, and under all those circumstances I hope that the hon. and gallant Member will not press an Amendment which, in view of the framework of our measure, it would be absolutely impossible to adopt.
    COLONEL NOLAN: I certainly admit that this would necessitate the adoption of a consequential clause, but we are not likely to reach the new clauses for—I suppose even the sanguine Chief Secretary would say—at least three weeks, and therefore there will be plenty of time to consider the new clause. I believe that nine-tenths of:the benefit that would be given by my Amendment would go to the small tenants. As a general rule, if you give an advantage to any small class of the;community, although some other classes reap a certain amount of the general benefit, the bulk of the benefit sticks to the man to whom you give it first. If .you let .,these small tenants off with 1s. per cent. the great bulk of the benefit will stick to them. The Bills drawn in this House have been nearly always framed in favour of the larger tenants. I have always been most anxious to help .the larger tenants, but I have often wondered during the last 10 or 15 years at the conduct of statesmen on both:sides of the House. For a comparatively small sum of money they could have done a great deal, simply because the same amount goes infinitely so much further in dealing with small than with large tenants. I believe that in the interest of punctuality it would help to let the people see that they were only paying the bare minimum the State could afford to lend them the money for. If this were only a small Guarantee Fund, they would be much more ready to pay up, I think. They will think the interest they pay according to the Bill a very heavy one, and it will act as a deterrent to their paying their instalments with punctuality. I am sorry the Government will not accept the Amendment which is one of great importance, and one which will be heard of a great deal later on if the right hon. Gentleman the Chief Secre-
    984
    tary does not make some movement in, the desired direction.
    MR. M. J. KENNY: The Amendment will reduce the instalments from the small farmers, and as the hon. and gallant Member said on a previous occasion, that the higher the rate from the Stock, the more valuable it will be, it seems to me that his present proposal is directly in the teeth of his earlier declaration. He is now attempting to undermine the argument he very gravely urged previously, and it, therefore, appears to me that he is trifling with the House. The effect of the Amendment would be to withdraw from the labourers the advantages proposed to be given by the proposal the Chief Secretary gave notice of. In my opinion, we should do nothing on this side of the House which would tend to deprive the tenants of Ireland of the advantages promised at the suggestion of the hon. Gentleman, the Member for West Belfast. But with regard to the Labourers' Act, not being of any advantage to the labourers in towns, I would say that where the Acts have been properly applied in Ireland, the effect has been to withdraw from small towns a considerable number of labourers who were hanging about and idling away their time to the rural districts where they have since led a much better and more useful life.
    MR. SEXTON: I think the right hon. Gentleman would do well to consider whether it would be possible, whilst preserving the efficiency of the machinery of to adopt some considerate line of treatment with regard to the small agricultural labourer. The right hon. Gentleman should consider whether he could relieve the small holders by making the insurance money less and postponing the payment of it to those paying 20 years' purchase—which will be harder than paying 10 years' purchase. It would be a relief to them to postpone it until five years before the date when the guarantee deposit has to be paid to the landlord, even if they were charged 10 per cent.
    MR. MACARTNEY: I desire to warn my right hon. Friend that if at this early stage of .the Bill he endeavours to differentiate between the various classes of tenants he will be entering

    985
    upon a sea of troubles, from which he will find it difficult to extricate himself. There is not an hon. Member, from whatever part of Ireland he comes, who would not have a special grievance for the tenants in his constituency. It would be safer for my right hon. Friend to adhere to the broad lines on which the Bill is now based.
    COLONEL NOLAN: If the Chief Secretary will make a difference in favour of these people, as suggested by the hon. Member for South Belfast, I shall be willing to accept the proposal. I do not much care about the manner in which it is given, provided these people do get an advantage. I cannot think that the hon. Member for Tyrone altogether misunderstood my remarks, as his words would seem to imply. It is one thing to say that the higher the rate for a Stock the more valuable it will be, and another to say that the lower the rate of interest the better it is for the tenant. The less the tenant pays on the Stock the better. The foundation of the fallacy in the hon. and learned Gentleman's mind is that he seems to think that there is only one set of interests, whereas there are two. No doubt it would be better if there was only one, namely, the £2 15s. interest. As to differentiating between classes I would point out that we have already done that under the Ashbourne Acts. I think we should regard differently men who pay small sums and men who pay large sums. I am sorry the Government will not accept the Amendment, and that the hon. Member for Tyrone has given it such opposition.
    MR. SHAW LEFEVRE: I think the proposal of the hon. Member for West Belfast is worthy of attention in the interest of the small tenants, who should be relieved. I would suggest that when we come to the proper clause there should be some relaxation in the case of small holdings.
    MR. KEAY: The Chief Secretary has not been able to reply on the financial part of this matter, but I think he will be able to reply to a question I would now venture to ask him. The hon. and gallant Member for Galway said that in the West of Ireland there are very few labourers and a great many very small tenants, if you exclude the cities and towns. There will, therefore, be very
    986
    little direct advantage to the labourers, and the hon. Member wants a corresponding advantage for the small tenants. The right hon. Gentleman's reply to that was very specific. He said that it must be remembered that although there are very few labourers in these poor country districts in the West of Ireland, yet it is also true that the small tenants there get an enormous reduction in the rent of land under the Land Purchase Bill. He said the tenants would have to pay only 50 per cent. in their instalments compared with the rental they now have to pay. We on this side of the House think the landlords have an unlimited power of extortion in forcing up the purchase price, and consequently the amount of the instalment. I want to know on what grounds the right hon. Gentleman has made his statement?
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: My general impression of what land lets for in Ireland.
    (9.55.) The Committee divided:Ayes 5; Noes 202.—(Div. List, No. 143.)
    Verbal Amendments made.
    MR. KEAY: The Amendment I have to propose is Clause 1, page 2, line 32, to leave out the words after " Fund "—
    " Provided that where a sum is applicable out of the guarantee deposit for the discharge or reduction of an irrecoverable debt, one half only of the amount so applicable shall be paid. out of the guarantee deposit to the Land Purchase Account."
    The " guarantee deposit " means the landlord's fifth. Now the Ashbourne Act provides that if £100 is advanced, £20 of it is to be retained by the State, and applied as a security in case of default by the tenant purchaser. But we have here an innovation which is perfectly inexplicable, and I want to know on what principle of rectitude such an alteration of the Ashbourne Act is introduced here in favour of the landlords. The landlords' deposit should be the first security in case of attempted or absolute default by the tenant, and this proposal is an insidious design upon the part of the Government to favour their friends, the landlords. By the provision in this Bill the landlords' fifth has practically become one-tenth—that is to say, only one-half of the fifth is to be practical security for the default of the tenant. Along with

    987
    this innovation there was, in last year's Bill, another iniquitous provision, by which even this one-tenth was made to disappear altogether. It may be remembered that last year the combined effect of those two provisions was such that it elicited a considerable amount of opposition on both sides of the House, especially amongst Irish Members, as was only natural. What do the Government do now? They put one of these provisions only into this Bill, and reserve the other one, hoping that this Bill will pass, until the next Bill, namely, the Land Department Bill, in which it is inserted as Clause 17, Sub-section (2), so that they will, they believe, be able as it were to defeat opposition in detail. I fancy their policy is that of the well known saying, " Here a little and there a little." They will take a little in this Bill—that is to say, they will take away half of the landlords' fifth, and when the next Bill comes on they will take away the other half, and the result will be that they will have the whole entirely to their own satisfaction, in favour of the landlords, and there will be no landlords' deposit remaining at all. The full significance of this insidious design is only to be estimated by another reference to the Land Department Bill. The present Bill says nothing about the process of when and how the landlord's fifth is going to be drawn upon; but the Land Department Bill says that the landlord's fifth is only to be drawn upon after eviction, and all sorts of processes, in which the Imperial Government and the British taxpayer are very much interested, have taken place. This clause here provides that even after eviction, after the British taxpayer, after the Imperial State has incurred all the difficulty and all the odium of evicting the tenant, only one-half of the deposit shall go as an irrecoverable debt, and the other half be retained in the name of the landlord. I hope this side of the House will make a decided stand against the introduction of any such provision; and it is to be hoped the Government themselves will consider the desirableness of accepting this Amendment, in so much as it surely is a matter of fair consideration and equity that the landlord who, alone in Ireland, under this Bill escapes all subsequent penalty, and all subsequent levies, should be put in the
    988
    position of one against whom the State have a certain claim with regard to the guarantee deposit.
    Amendment proposed, in page 2, line 32, to leave out from the word " Fund," to the end of Sub-section (3)—(Mr. Keay.)
    Question proposed,
    " That the words Provided that where a sum is applicable out of the guarantee deposit for the discharge or reduction of an irrecoverable debt ' stand part of the Clause."
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: The hon. Gentleman bases the Amendment he lays before us upon the grounds of high equity. I confess I fail to follow him in the reasoning with which he supported his argument. If you are to have a Purchase Act at all you must trust the tenants to pay the annuity. You will also have to contemplate the possibility that certain tenants will not pay their annuities either through idleness or through misfortune, some fault of their own, want of skill or otherwise. f there be default, as default there must be in a certain proportion, I hope a very small proportion of the cases in Ireland, on whom is it to fall? Under the Ashbourne Act it necessarily fell first on the landlord, so far as one-fifth was concerned, and then on the taxpayer, because there was nobody else upon whom possibly it could fall. Now that we have introduced other guarantees, I am perfectly unable to see why they should not bear their portion of the loss. Take the case of a landlord who sells his land very cheap. The year after he sells it the tenant-purchaser sells it to a man who is drunken and incompetent and who fails to pay his instalments. The holding has to be sold, and when sold it does not realise the price paid. Why is the landlord to bear that loss? Why does equity declare that his fifth shall be exhausted before the collateral guarantees are come upon? Surely the fair plan is the plan by which the two collateral guarantees shall be called upon for the same amount at the same time. There is a further argument not based upon equity, but based upon expediency, which points in the same direction. It is very important that the locality should be deeply interested in the payment of the annuity. If the interest of the locality is only to begin when the

    989
    landlord's fifth is exhausted, I fear that habits of non-payment will have time to form before antagonistic influence of a powerful character is established in the district. So that, apart from the ground of equity, I think on the ground of expediency there should be maintained an arrangement which is obviously the best one. The locality is called upon to pay its half, and the landlord is called upon to pay his half. Neither will be called upon to pay anything unless the debt is proved to be irrecoverable.
    MR. SHAW LEFEVRE: I think the Chief Secretary has given no reason whatever for the change he proposes from the Ashbourne Act. He has argued the question as if a deficiency or defalcation would arise only from the incompetency or neglect of the tenant, but there is another cause very likely to arise, namely, the high price paid for the land. When the clause of the Ashbourne Act was under discussion I myself was of opinion that it was hardly worth while to insert it. It appeared to me at that time that the tenant's interest was likely to be so valuable that it would not often occur that the holder, when there was a defalcation, would sell at less than his debt to the State. But the experience we have had of the Ashbourne Act has shown that I was mistaken, and that there have been many cases in which tenants have been unable to pay their instalments, and the holdings have been sold by the Land Commission, and have produced nothing at all. Here are one or two cases which will show the working of it. There was a case on an estate in Limerick, where the extent of the bolding was 175 acres. The Poor Law valuation was £168, and the rent was £130. It was sold by the Land Court. The purchase money was £2,500. £500 was deposited by the landlord. After the tenant had been in about two years he became unable to pay, and the estate was put up for sale and realised nothing, there being no bidder. That showed that the tenant's interest was all gone, and that the rate of purchase had been a great deal too high. The defalcation amounted to £170.
    MR. MACARTNEY: What is the number of the case?
    MR. SHAW LEFEVRE: No. 1 in the Return. The property was put up for
    990
    sale by the Land Court. I ask is it fair that any portion of the defalcation of £170 should fall on the ratepayers of the district. It seems to me it is only right and fair that it should fall on the guaranteed deposit of the landlord in consideration of the fact that the purchase money was in the first place too high, and that the rent also was excessive. I will take another case—that of a farm in Waterford. The valuation was £82, the rent £92, and the purchase money £1,670. The instalment payable by the tenant was £66, and the tenant defaulted three years after the sale. The holding was thereupon put up for sale. It fetched nothing, and the Land Commission then applied for the guaranteed deposit. The landlord out of his own pocket had to forfeit his one-fifth to the Land Commission. Would it have been fair for any portion of that sum to have fallen on the ratepayers? Ought not the whole of it to come out of the guaranteed deposit? If you get rid of that security, it seems to me that you very much lessen the chance of repayment to the State; and, therefore, I hope that the Amendment of my hon. Friend will be allowed to pass.
    MR. MAHONY: One of the strongest arguments in favour of this Amendment appears to me to have been put forward by the Chief Secretary himself. The fact is that this is a proposal to treat the ratepayers of Ireland in a less fair manner than the British taxpayer is treated under the Ashbourne Act. Under the Ashbourne Act the British taxpayer had this guarantee to be used in its entirety; now are you going to force the Irish ratepayer to give security to the British taxpayer, and you will not allow him as you allowed the British taxpayer to come down in the same way on the guaranteed deposit? If it was fair to the British taxpayer that he should have the full advantage of this guarantee, surely it is equally fair to the Irish ratepayer that he, too, should have it in its undiminished extent. And all the more is it so, because the Irish taxpayer has no voice whatever in fixing the amount which the Land Commission may advance on the security. Unquestionably no risk of this kind ought to be borne. The person who ought first to bear any loss incurred, owing to the Land Commission advancing

    991
    too much, surely should be the landlord who gets the amount advanced. I hope the Chief Secretary will treat the Irish ratepayer as he held that the British taxpayer was entitled to be treated under similar circumstances.
    MR. SEXTON: Why does not the Chief Secretary adopt a straightforward mode of dealing with this matter? It seems to me that his conscience is uneasy. The candid way of dealing with it would be to provide that the guaranteed deposit should be one-tenth instead of one-fifth. Does the right hon. Gentleman mean to say that the whole of the fifth, which is retained for the landlord, will be available for the satisfaction of arrears?
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: Yes. If there is default it will be available until it is exhausted. It will be used pari passu with the local rates for the purpose.
    MR. SEXTON: Undoubtedly, the local funds will always be available. But I say that immediately you touch the landlords' fund you can only take one half from it. Under the Ashbourne Acts, the moment a tenant fell into default the arrears were wholly realised out of the guaranteed deposit. But, for the future, that deposit is to be relieved at the expense of the local rates. I think it is incumbent on the Chief Secretary to show cause why the system embodied in the Ashbourne Act should be departed from. We have had that system enforced for six years. It was initiated in 1885 and revised in 1888; it has worked satisfactorily up till now, and I ask why should the guaranteed deposit not continue to be wholly liable as at present? The right hon. Gentleman asked why should the deposit of the landlord be entirely liable, and he suggested that, if it were entirely liable, it would differ from the general system of guarantees under the Bill. Let me ask the right Gentleman what are the securities under the Bill? Suppose there is a default on the part of the tenant. Yon take first the purchaser's insurance money. You do not take half of it, but you take the whole of it, in order to make up the default of the tenant, and then, if that be not sufficient for the purpose, you come on the helding. Do you sell a part of the holding, or half of the holding? Not at all. You sell the whole of the holding —you sell every acre and every stone
    992
    upon it, and you turn the tenant out into the world. And then, if after all that you have not sufficient, you come, in the third place, on the landlord's guaranteed deposit. You have realised to the utmost extent against the tenant, but the moment you come to the landlord you say, " Oh ! we will only ask him to pay one half, and we will come upon the public for the remaining half.' I ask is it fair? Why should not the landlord be treated in the same manner as the tenant? Why, if you exhaust the tenant's property, should you not. then exhaust the landlord's deposit? Moreover, if the half of the landlord's deposit is not sufficient, what do you do? You come upon the contingent deposit, and you stop thereby the working of the schools and the asylums, and other public institutions in Ireland. Surely that is not a desirable thing to do. I claim that we have an unanswerable case against this scheme of the Government. I heard just now an ejaculation from an hon. Member opposite. I take it that he is willing that the whole of the landlord's deposit should be utilised.
    COLONEL WARING: Certainly not.
    MR. SEXTON: Well, I have pointed out how the landlord is favourably treated while the tenant's funds are exhausted to the uttermost. I maintain that there should be no distinction between the two, and that the personal interest and realisable assets should all be exhausted before you come either on the ratepayers of Ireland or on the taxpayers of the district.
    MR. M. J. KENNY: I maintain that this clause is intended merely for the relief of the landlords. They will not only receive 2¾ per cent. but after 18 years they will be entitled to payments of 3 per cent. on the one-fifth of the purchase money which has been retained by the Government, and in addition to that, one-half of the one-fifth so retained cannot, under this provision, be used to make up any default. It can never be exhausted. The right hon. Gentleman says that this sum will be exhausted pari passu with the sum which was originally guaranteed by the tenant. I think that is not so. The tenant's guarantee has first to be exhausted, and when the landlord's guarantee comes to be resorted to—if ever

    993
    it is—then you come upon the local rates. The tenant, under this Bill, has to provide a series of securities, and these have to be exhausted before the guarantee of the landlord can be touched. I invite the attention of the right hon. Gentleman the Attorney General for Ireland to this point. If his contention is that the landlord's deposit can be ultimately used up in case of default, I submit that that is not so; that it can never be fully exhausted, and that at the period of 18 years the landlord will be entitled to withdraw one-half of the one-fifth. In the observations which we have heard from the Chief Secretary, I can find no reason advanced for this departure from the policy of the Ashbourne Acts.
    MR. LABOUCHERE: Assuming that the money will be paid by the tenant, I do not think that the landlord will lose anything. On the contrary, I think he will be a considerable gainer. The landlords in Ireland have proved themselves to be exceedingly reckless persons in the matter of money. They have mortgaged their lands, and generally speaking, spent over and above their incomes. Suddenly they will be given a large sum of money, and surely it is an advantage to them to have a certain portion of it tied up, and to receive 3 per cent. upon it for a good number of years. As a matter of fact, we are acting as a species of trustee for the improvident Irish landlords because, no doubt, if the landlords had all the money down at once it would be recklessly squandered. I do not assume that the tenants will always pay. I think it is exceedingly probable that in many cases the landlords will manage to screw out of them a great deal more than the holdings are worth, and in the long run the tenants will find it exceedingly difficult to pay, owing to a fall in the value of produce, or other matters. Let us clearly explain what will be the position of the landlords. I will assume that the produce has fallen in value. If the estate had not been sold to the tenant, the landlord would have been unable to get in his rent, and therefore by the purchase transaction the landlord is to a certain extent indemnified, although he has to deposit one-fifth of the purchase money with the State. But under the proposal of this clause, although the call upon the guaranteed
    994
    deposit may be £10, only £7 10s. will have to be paid by the landlord, while £2 10s. will have to be contributed by the locality. The Chief Secretary for Ireland says that that is placing the landlord in the same position as he was under the Ashbourne Act.
    MR. A. J. BALFOUR: I did not say so.
    MR. LABOUCHERE: Then he admits that the landlord is in a better position. Yet Gentlemen opposite, who reprcsent the landlord interest, are perpetually complaining that they are injured by this Bill, and will not be placed in the same position as they were under the Ashbourne Act. There is, therefore, a difference of opinion between the Secretary of State for Ireland and his supporters, which will, no doubt, lead to a very interesting Debate. I take the liberty to agree with the Chief Secretary. I say that the landlords are benefited by this, and placed in a more advantageous position than they were in under the Ashbourne Act. I have in my hand a pamphlet. You told me, Mr. Chairman, when we were discussing a previous Amendment, that I was then out of order. It, no doubt, occurred to you that I should be in order in quoting from it on this clause. The point raised is, whether the tenants are likely to pay or not, and this pamphlet deals with that matter. It goes beyond a Return which we have had presented to us in this House. It gives certain memorials from tenants who have purchased their holdings under the Ashbourne Act, and those memorials show the difficulty they have in meeting their engagements. This is not the case of purchases made from the small landlords. They are purchases made from men of whom I speak with greatest reverence—men belonging to the nobility. For instance, the Marquess of Waterford obtained £124,000 under the Ashbourne Act. What do his tenants who purchased from him say? They say that the majority of them had no voice in arranging the contract; that they were obliged to agree to the landlord's terms under threat of eviction. Again, the Marquess of Bath's tenants ask for a reduction, and pray that in the Land Bill about to be brought before Parliament, some provision may be inserted to reduce the amount of annuities they now have to pay. The tenants of the Duke of Leinster say—

    995
    " Inasmuch as we, the majority of 365 Leinster tenants, were induced to purchase our holdings under the Ashbourne Acts, are now, through no fault of our own, unable to pay this year's instalment or purchase-money without disposing of the requisites for the working of our farms, we strongly protest against the confiscation of our property and our expulsion from our homes."
    Memorials to a similar effect have been presented by the tenants of George Lane Fox, Meredith, and others. Now, what do these things show? They show that in the opinion of those tenants who bought under the Ashbourne Act they were forced to pay higher prices than the value of the holding, and that they are unable to meet the instalments. Why should we not have the same allegations raised in respect of purchases which may be made under this Act? Remember that this Act will have a far wider operation, and that, consequently, greater injustice may be committed. I think I have shown good cause for supporting this Amendment, and that the Committee will agree with me that the landlords' deposit ought to be exhausted, at any rate, before the local rates are trenched upon.
    SIR H. DAVEY: I think the Committee should have some further explanation and information as to the reason for the making this most important departure from the policy of the Ashbourne Acts. We were told on a former occasion that the machinery of this Bill was taken from the Ashbourne Acts, and that the only difference was that there was to be a much larger expenditure of money. But this is a most material alteration. Under the Ashbourne Act the whole of the landlords' deposit was applicable to making up the default of the tenant; but by this Act it is proposed that the ultimate liability shall fall on the ratepayer, and that the landlords' deposit shall only be affected to the same extent as the local rates. To my mind, that is all moonshine, because I hold that it would be perfectlyimpossible'toenforce the liability on the Irish ratepayer, or to take away the local resources of an Irish county in order to make up that default. In my opinion, the ultimate liability will be upon the British taxpayer. If it was right at the time the Ashbourne Act was passed, why is it not right now that the landlord's guaranteed deposit should be the fund available for making
    996
    good defaults? I do not understand the right hon. Gentleman to say that any experience he has gained of the working of the Ashbourne Act has led the Government to consider that the arrangement then made was unjust. What I want to know is why a change is made now? As I have already said, the ultimate liability of this Bill will be on the British taxpayer. But assume that it is on the Irish taxpayer. Why is it not equally right that the Irish ratepayer should have the benefit of the landlord's guaranteed deposit, as it was in previous years that the British taxpayer should have the benefit of it? Another question arises on this Amendment. I have always been of opinion that the Bill was defective in many particulars, and especially in that it did not state clearly or, as far as I can discover, at all the order in which the different securities are to be applied. I cannot anywhere in the Bill find the point at which the debt is to be released by ejecting the tenant, or by selling up his holding, and I should like to know whether the guaranteed deposit and the guarantecd fund are to be made applicable pro rata, or, if one is to be made applicable before the other, what the priority is to be. I infer from the language of the clause that the tenant's holding must have been released before this clause comes into operation. The debt cannot be pronounced to be irrecoverable until all means of recovering it have failed, and, therefore, you must, before this is brought into operation, have sold the holding. I do not, however, find that in the Bill.
    THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR IRELAND (Mr. MADDEN,: I do not know whether the hon. and learned Gentleman was in the House when my right hon. Friend the Chief Secretary explained the reason for this change, but I rather fancy he could not have been, or he would not have asked for a second explanation. I will, however, answer his questions. There is this very important consideration to be borne in mind—that, under the Ashbourne Acts, there is only a single guarantor, the sole guarantee being that of the landlord. When there is only one guarantor it is evident that he must bear the entire responsibility. But under the present Bill there are two distinct sets of guarantors — the landlord and the

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    locality. In those circumstances it would be most unfair to throw the whole responsibility on the landlord and none on his co-guarantor. That is simply the explanation of the departure from the Ashbourne Acts, the machinery of which we have adapted to the altered financial arrangements of this Bill. The hon. Member for West Belfast (Mr. Sexton) asked whether we might not just as well at once provide that one-tenth should be retained. Assume that you retain one-fifth, say £100, and a default say of £10 is made; under the Ashbourne Acts the whole of that £10 must be borne by the sole guarantor. Under this Bill £5 would be borne by the landlord's deposit, and £5 by the Guarantee Fund. The hon. and learned Gentleman opposite seemed to forget that there may be subsequent defaults. It would take 20 defaults of £10 each to eat away the entire deposit, whereas after 10 defaults under the Ashbourne Acts the entire deposit would be gone.
    SIR H. DAVEY: Will the right hon. Gentleman excuse me? This only applies where the debt is irrecoverable, and before it is proved to be irrecoverable the tenant will be sold up.
    MR. MADDEN: That is an entirely different question, and is absolutely not relevant to the argument I was addressing to the House. I must remind the hon. and learned Gentleman that this Act must be read with the Ashbourne Acts, and that you cannot resort to the guarantee deposit at all unless the Land Commissioners declare the debt to be irrecoverable; but, whilst under the Ashbourne Acts you can resort to the deposit for the entire debt, under this Bill you can resort for only one-half to the deposit. The hon. and learned Gentleman asked me to point out in what part of the Bill is to be found the order in which the liability shall be applied. The 1st sub-section of Clausc 4 makes provision for the order of application.
    MR. SEXTON: The practical effect of the change seems to be that assuming the prospect of default to be the same as under the Ashbourne Act, and the chances of payment being the same, one-half the landlord's deposit is saved for him at the expense of the local rates. There are to be three personal guarantees in the case—one afforded by the landlord and two—the county percentage
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    and the insurance money—by the tenant. You put the county percentage into the Guarantee Fund, and if there is any call on the Guarantee Fund, you exhaust every penny of it. If there is any default at any time, you take the right to take every penny of the insurance money. I repeat the contention I formerly urged, namely, that the personal guarantee of the landlord and that of the tenant should be treated alike.
    MR. J. MORLEY: Surely there was one obvious fallacy in the speech of the right hon. and learned Gentleman. He spoke of there being two guarantors and 'spoke of them being entirely on an equal footing; but he forgot that one of those guarantors has given his consent by being a party to the bargain, whereas the other party, the ratepayer, has had no voice or choice in the transaction. Yet the two guarantors are treated as if they are equally spontaneous and equally voluntary. It would be well if the Government would state precisely in what order the Commissioners or the Treasury will proceed to realise the securities. When will they sell up the holding? What will they do with the collateral securities? Will the right hon. Gentleman tell us plainly—firstly, secondly, and thirdly—how they will proceed to realise one security after the other? Under the Ashbourne Act, the landlord, so long as his guarantee deposit remains in the hands of the Commissioners, is to receive 3 per cent. interest. Why is the landlord to receive 3 per cent., while other people receive only 2¾4 per cent., and, in a short time, 2½ per cent.?
    MR. M. J. KENNY: Under the Bill the tenant's deposit is to be exhausted before the landlord's guarantee is touched. I submit with confidence that is what the Judges in Ireland will hold. If the clause stands as it is, the landlord's guarantee deposit becomes a portion of the Guarantee Fund. Clause 4 of the Bill governs the priority of the securities, and everything in that clause goes to exclude the landlord's deposit. The landlord's guarantee deposit is not liable pari passe, as the Chief Secretary said, with the tenant's deposit, it is only liable in the event of the Local Guarantees, both contingent and cash, being absolutely exhausted; then, there is the further injustice that while the land

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    lord can get a charging order in the Courts as against the holding for any portion of his one-fifth guarantee which becomes exhausted, the Bill does not give the localities power to get a charging order for their contributions to the guarantee. I submit something ought to be done to remedy that defect.
    MR. MADDEN: The current payments will go to the Land Purchase Account, and any deficiency will be made up out of the Guarantee Fund, which is applied as provided in Subsection 1 of Clause 4. By this arrangement, the Land Purchase Account will be made solvent, and subsequently into the Guarantee Fund will flow all sums in respect of arrears of purchase money. Under Clause 7, Sub-section 8, provision is made for such adjustments being made. No doubt the system is a complicated one, but does anyone suppose that these guarantees could be worked with the simplicity of the Ashbourne Act which has only one guarantee?
    MR. J. MORLEY: I submit that the language of the last line of Section 1, Clause 4, is obscure—
    " First out of the cash portion of the Fund, and out of the Exchequer contribution."
    What is the meaning of that? As I understand it it ought to be—
    " First out of the Exchequer contribution to the cash portion of the Fund."
    Then the right hon. and learned Gentleman refers us to Sub-section 8 of Clause 7. Will he tell us what the adjustments are? I deny that anyone can gather the facts from the wording of the sub-section.
    MR. MADDEN: The arrears are carried to the Guarantee Fund. Before they come in it may be necessary to resort to the cash portion of the Guarantee Fund, but according as the arrears come in they will be made available to recoup the Guarantee Fund.
    MR. J. MORLEY: I think the right hon. and learned Gentleman is mystifying the Committee. I invite the right hon. Gentleman to tell the Committee plainly in what order the securities are going to be realised. What is the meaning of all this mystification?
    MR. MADDEN: I am sorry I cannot convey my meaning to the right hon. Gentleman, but I have no doubt it is my fault. What I was endeavouring to explain is extremely clear. If all annul
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    ties are paid up to date, there will be no need to resort to anything but the Land Purchase Account. If they are not paid up to date then resort must be made to the cash portion of the Guarantee Fund. I have explained the order in which that fund is to be resorted to. I cannot say in what order subsequent transactions will occur after that. They will depend on the order in which the receipts in respect of arrears or guarantee deposit occur, by which the Guarantee Fund is recouped. According as the arrears come in they will be available for the purpose of the Guarantee Fund, and adjustment will take place, as provided in Clause 7, Sub-section 8. Until the order is made by the Commissioners declaring the debt to be irrecoverable, there can be no receipt for the guarantee deposit. How long may be the period between the default and the making of the order I cannot say. I cannot state the time at which the Commissioners may declare the debt irrecoverable. All I can say is that whenever, in consequence of such a statement, they capture the guarantee deposit, that comes into the Guarantee Fund. When arrears are recovered they also come into the Guarantee Fund. The Guarantee Fund has, to a certain extent, been applied to make the system solvent, but it will be recouped to the extent of any payments made in respect of arrears of guarantee deposit.
    MR. J. MORLEY: We have heard several complaints that my hon. Friend the Member for Elgin and Nairn has not been always perfectly lucid, but my hon. Friend is lucidity itself compared with the right hon. Gentleman. The right hon. Gentleman talks about the landlords' guarantee deposit coming in. But surely that deposit is retained, and therefore cannot come in?
    MR. MADDEN: The right hon. Gentleman is under a mistake. I do not wish to bandy complaints about lucidity, but I must say the right hon. Gentleman's complaint is founded on a total misapprehension of the position. The guarantee deposit is retained by the Land Commission, but no portion of it is paid into the Guarantee Fund until the debt has been declared by the Commission to be irrecoverable?
    MR. J. MORLEY: Are we to understand the right hon. Gentleman to say that the

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    deposit is not to become a fund until the debt is found to be irrecoverable?
    MR. MADDEN: Certainly not a portion of the Guarantee Fund.
    MR. J. MORLEY: Are we to understand that the holding will be brought into the market before the landlords' guarantee is touched?
    MR. MADDEN: The Land Commissioners must come to the conclusion that the debt is irrecoverable, and they cannot come to that conclusion unless they have tried to sell the holding.
    MR. J. MORLEY: Then we are back at this point, that no reason has been shown why, when the Guarantee Fund is resorted to, at one time or another, only one half of the landlords' guarantee deposit should be attached.
    MR. KEAY: I think we are worse off instead of being where we were in consequence of this explanation, if I may call it so. The right hon. and learned Gentleman has inverted the pyramid altogether. Excellent lawyer as he is, I am afraid that book-keeping is not his strong point. The sole point on which he has founded his remarks about this complication of accounts, this changing and interchanging and ladling of amounts from one fund to another is based on an absolutely wrong conception of the facts. How often has the right hon. Gentleman told us in the last five minutes that the guarantee deposit if required is to be paid into the Guarantee Fund and then the Guarantee Fund is to be paid into another fund. If the right hon. Gentleman will look at Sub-section 3, Clause 2, he will see that the guarantee deposit, which is the landlords' fifth, is never paid by any possible chance into the Guarantee Fund at all, but into the Land Purchase Account.
    SIR H. DAVEY: The fault of obscurity is not with the Attorney General for Ireland, but with the Bill itself. It is one of the most obscurely and badly drafted Bills that I have ever seen. The right hon. Gentleman has now cut away the ground he took in giving his first answer. I had some glimmer of what was meant when the right hon. Gentleman first answered my queries, but my notion on that head has been entirely removed by what he has said since. He has spoken of the Guarantee Fund and the landlords' guarantee deposit as being co-guarantors; but now it appears that the deposit is
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    only resorted to after the Guarantee Account has been made solvent from the Guarantee Fund. The right hon. Gentleman has not touched the question which is really the essential point of the matter. At what point is the holding to be sold up? At what stage does the guarantee deposit come in? I must say the Attorney General for Ireland has not approached an answer to our questions, asked more than once. He has given us a more or less clear account of the adjustments contemplated in the Bill, but of these we do not ask. There is a guarantee of the deposit, there is the guarantee of the Guarantee Fund, and the purchased holding is also security for the debt. What we want to know is where the guarantee deposit comes in? At what stage is it brought in? It comes in when the debt is irrecoverable. The guarantee deposit is not applicable until the debt is declared irrecoverable, and the Attorney General for Ireland has admitted that involves that the holding has been sold or that there has been an attempt at sale. Now, we want to know where that comes in—we want to have a clear idea of the process between the application to the Guarantee Fund, the sale of the holding, and the application to the guarantee deposit, and not how the accounts in this complicated Bill are to be adjusted by the Treasury. I must also say, and I gave all the attention I could to what the right hon. Gentleman said, that I am at a loss to know why this change is made from the Ashbourne Act. We are told they are co-guarantors, but we are also told that the Guarantee Fund is the guarantee in the first instance, and the guarantee deposit not until afterwards. This is not a co-guarantee in any intelligible sense. The landlords' deposit is made liable because the default may be made in the first instalment, and it is not an unfair inference that the default is made because the purchase-money is too high, as may be proved from a fall in the price of produce and change in the value of land. It is perfectly right that the guarantee deposit of the landlord should be retained on that ground, but the Guarantee Fund stands on a different footing, it is a mere surety. The landlord is not a surety, his money goes to recoup the Exchequer when default arises from the advance having been made at too high a rate.

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    They are not I say co-guarantors in any intelligible sense, and the origin of the liability in the one case is totally different from that in the other.
    MR. A. O'CONNOR: The Attorney General for Ireland has admitted that the machinery of the Bill is somewhat complicated, and it has been suggested that the difficulty has arisen from that cause, not from his explanation. Now it seems to me that the right hon. Gentleman is in error in supposing that there is any provision in the Bill for the payment into the Guarantee Fund of d. of the guarantee deposit. There are a great many different accounts arranged for, the Land Purchase Account, the Consolidated Fund Account, the Guarantee Fund Account, the Sinking Fund Account, the Reserve Fund Account, and there is the guarantee deposit for which a separate account will have to be kept. The Attorney General stated what is in direct contradiction to the Bill when he spoke of the payment of the guarantee deposit into the Guarantee Fund. The right hon. Gentleman has referred to Sub-section 8 of Clause 7, but when I look at this I find that it merely provides that the Treasury may cause adjustments to be made between the Sinking Fund, inclusive of the purchaser's insurance money, the Land Purchase Account, the Guarantee Fund, and the Reserve Fund; and may cause payments to be made from one account or fund to another, and sums to be placed to such credit and such securities to be sold or bought as may appear to them necessary for the purpose of carrying the Act into effect. There is not a single word about the guarantee deposit. Now this is a very nice piece of financial scratch-cradle, but it is perfectly unintelligible to the ordinary mind, and I doubt very much if the thing will work out in practice. There is no provision for the appropriation of the guarantee deposit at any particular stage in Sub-section 3 with which we are now dealing. The design seems to be that when the debt has been declared to be irrecoverable, that is to say, when every other asset or security has been drawn upon—and all have precedence of the guarantee deposit—then only is the guarantee deposit to be drawn upon, and then only to the extent of 50 per cent. We now find that every other form of security is to be exhausted
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    before the landlords' guarantee deposit is to be touched.
    MR. KNOX: There is, I think, what will be admitted to be an omission, in there being no mandatory provision ordering the Commissioners to pay over the guarantee deposit to any other account. There ought to be a mandatory provision ordering this payment to the Guarantee Fund. In Subsection 3 of Clause 2, now under discussion, it is assumed that these sums will be repaid from the guarantee deposit, but there is absolutely no provision in the Bill for that.
    MR. MADDEN: The hon. Gentleman will find by Sub-section 3 there is a mandatory direction to the Land Commission that all the moneys in respect of arrears, whether paid by the proprietor of the holding or from the guarantee deposit, or from any other source, shall be paid into the Guarantee Fund.
    MR. KNOX: I venture to say I do not think it is likely that there will be any payments from the guarantee deposit. In Sub-section 3 it is clear that it was the intention of the draftsman that the guarantee deposit should go to the Land Purchase Account; but though it is assumed that in certain cases it may go to the Land Purchase Account there is no provision in the Bill ordering the Commission, at any fixed period, to pay over this money to any particular fund. I venture to think some further provision is necessary, and it may perhaps be introduced later, dealing with this point in explicit terms. But after all, the immediate question under discussion is one of principle, not of drafting. We are discussing a provision in this Bill which is an absolute innovation on the provisions in the Ashbourne Act. The Attorney General for Ireland and the Chief Secretary have both assumed that under the Ashbourne Act the risk is borne wholly by the landlord, but that I entirely deny. I say under the Ashbourne Act the risk is borne rather more by the tenant than by the landlord; there is the risk of his interest in the holding, which the Attorney General for Ireland has declared in this House is in many instances equal to the landlord's interest in the holding. The first charge in default of instalment is the tenant's interest in the holding, whereas the landlord's guarantee deposit is only a

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    fifth of the value, so the liability is not I say fairly distributed, the tenant bearing rather more than his proper share of the risk. But the proposal of the Government does not mean an equal risk, even if that equality is just, because, as the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Newcastle has pointed out, the positions of the two parties are entirely different. The Local Authority is not consulted as to the arrangement, and has no voice in the matter. The landlord gets the money from the sale, the Local Authority gets no benefit whatever. There is no equality of risk as the Bill is drawn. The Chief Secretary assumed that half the guarantee deposit might be taken in certain cases, and that therefore half the risk is borne by the land. lord, but that is not so. The landlord's guarantee deposit remains for only 18 years, the risk of the Local Authority remains throughout the whole term of the purchase annuity—and is therefore three times as large as the risk borne by the landlord. The Attorney General for Ireland spoke of the tenant committing default on 20 occasions in which case he assumed the whole of the deposit would go, but as a matter of fact, this is almost an impossibility. Before the tenant could have committed 20 defaults the landlord would have gone off with his money, and his liability would have ceased. The Bill provides that you may take the whole of the tenant's interest and the whole of the tenant's insurance deposit, and yet after that you can only take half the landlord's guarantee deposit. There is no equality between the risk of the landlord, the tenant, and the locality.
    SIR G. CAMPBELL: I really think that before the Division is taken the Attorney General for Ireland ought to answer clearly the question that has been repeatedly put to him—namely, at what point in the proceedings the tenant's holding is to be sold. I can only suppose that the right hon. Gentleman has not answered because he does not know. The Bill, I maintain, is unintelligible, that is the opinion I expressed many weeks ago, and it is now confirmed by the hon. and learned Member for Stockton.
    MR. J. MORLEY: I cannot suppose the Government are going to force on a Division without a clear explanation of the questions we have put.
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    For my part, I cannot consent to the judgment of the Committee being taken before full and adequate information has been given on the point which has been raised again and again. At what point is it that the landlords' guarantee deposit is going to be appropriated? Is the first process the attempt to realise by the sale of the holding, or at what point is this step to be taken?
    MR. MADDEN: It will be the duty of the Land Commissioners at once to realise. The Commissioners, of course cannot declare that the debt is irrecoverable until an attempt has been made to sell.
    MR. J. MORLEY: Then it appears that, first of all, the Commissioners will proceed to realise what may be called the tenants' deposit before even half of the landlords' deposit is touched? The right hon. Gentleman has spoken of co-guarantors, but the ratepayers have never been consulted—
    It being Midnight, the Chairman left the Chair to make his report to the House.
    Committee report Progress; to sit again to-morrow, at Two of the clock.

    LAW AGENTS (SCOTLAND) BILL. (No. 69.)
    Bill read the third time, and passed.
    DRAINAGE AND IMPROVEMENT OF LAND (IRELAND) BILL.—(No. 66.)
    Bill read the third time, and passed.
    PUBLIC PETITIONS COMMITTEE.
    Ordered, That Mr. Tollemache be added to the Select Committee on Public Petitions.—(Sir Charles Foster.)
  MOTION.

    BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE (SITTINGS AT NINE O'CLOCK).
    Motion made, and Question proposed,
    "That the Sitting of the House at Nine o'clock be held subject to the provisions of Standing Order No. 1 which relate to the Interruption of Business and the Adjournment of the House; that the said Resolution be a Standing Order of the House; that Standing Order No. 8 be repealed."—(Mr. William Henry Smith.)
    DR. CLARK: I should like to ask the First Lord of the Treasury whether the Government in

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    tend to avail themselves of the hour from 12 to 1 o'clock for the purpose of their own privileged business, such as Report of Supply, Committee of Ways and Means, and Money Bills? If so, the effect of this Resolution will be, not to enable Members to go home earlier, but merely to take an hour from private Members and give it to the Government. Under the circumstances, I think we ought not to make the change in this form, and unless the Government pledge themselves not to put down their privileged business after midnight on Tuesdays and Fridays our position will be that whilst we have lost an hour the Government will have gained it. I would suggest that we should pass the Resolution in this form—" on Tuesday and Friday at 12 o'clock all disputed business shall cease."
    SIR R. FOWLER: Of course, I should be wanting in Party allegiance if I exercised the privilege which every Member of this House possesses of objecting to this Motion. At the same time, I must say I very much regret that my right hon. Friend has brought it forward. If carried, it will only leave three hours for the consideration of Motions on Tuesday and Friday nights, which in cases such as that of the Opium Resolution of last Friday week will be .quite inadequate. In the Opium Debate an hour and a half, or rather more, were taken up by the Mover and Seconder. Another half hour was very properly taken up by the speech of my right hon. Friend the Leader of the House, so that if we had had only three hours not much more than half an hour would have been left to Private Members, and as it was there were some we should like to have heard. My right hon. Friend who represents the Party opposite on Indian questions (Sir U. Kay-Shuttleworth) and my hon. Friend the Member for Hackney (Sir Guyer Hunter), whose knowledge Of the subject in some respects is unrivalled, neither of them addressed the House. As I had an Amendment to which allusion has been made this evening I should have been glad of a few minutes. Four hours is quite a short enough time for the discussion of such a Motion. An hon. Member opposite has a Motion on the Paper for to-morrow attacking the English Church. I do not think an
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    important question of this kind can be satisfactorily debated in three hours. I very much regret that the House has not had an opportunity of taking a Division on this question. No doubt on a great many questions we give way to the Government, and hon. Gentlemen opposite to their leaders, but this is a question upon which every Member of the House is equally able to form a judgment. Some Members say that the House of Commons has degenerated. I do not express any opinion as to whether it has degenerated morally or intellectually, but I do say that this Motion shows that the House has degenerated physically. Go back 10 years. We thought ourselves fortunate in those days if the House adjourned at 3 o'clock in the morning on Mondays and Thursdays, and at 2 o'clock on Tuesdays and Fridays. But now we find young Members of the House doing all they can to shorten the Sittings. I regret that this Motion has been brought forward, but I should be wanting in Party allegiance if I opposed it. I can only offer an humble protest against it.
    SIR G. TREVELYAN: The hon. Baronet who has just sat down, and whom we all like to hear, more especially when he is not dealing with a Party question, has spoken with strong feeling on this matter, but I am not sure that he has proved the main part of his case. There are many of us who think that 13 hours of work, with a break of two hours, is too much, and that is the amount of work to those who have begun the day by sitting on a Committee. There are others who think very strongly that the Debates gain very much by compression. It may be the case that when a new subject is being brought forward a long speech is required, but I am satisfied—and many hon. Members will agree with me—thatin the discussion of an abstract Motion, on which no hon. Members have an interest in delaying business in order to keep out of the way some particular result which they dread, the Debate is all the better if the speeches are of a moderate length. For my own part, I should never wish to make a speech of more than 20 minutes' duration on an abstract Motion, however much I might be interested in it; and if you give 40 minutes to the Mover that would enable eight speeches to be made within,

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    the three hours. I must say that under the present Standing Order the hour between 12 o'clock and 1 is very dreary. I am informed by hon. Members that so little were they aware of the nature of this Standing Order that on the first night after a Morning Sitting, when they found that the House did not adjourn at 12 o'clock, they were unpleasantly surprised. These considerations, however, do not take away from the weight of the remarks of the hon. Member for Caithness. It appears to me, if I may say so without disrespect, that in the proposed arrangement personal advantage is more on the side of the Government than on the side of the Opposition for private Members, and especially private Members who are supporting the Opposition, may go away very freely on nights when abstract Motions are on, but, if once the House is formed, and the Debate set going, the Members of the Government and their warm supporters are not able to do this. The personal advantage to the Government is very great, and I do not think they should insist on any political or Parliamentary advantage in addition. The Government at present cannot use Tuesdays and Fridays after a Morning Sitting for the purpose of advancing Money Bills or Reports of Supply; so that if the Government are willing to give an assurance that they will not—except in most extreme cases—use this hour for the purpose of Supply, and so keep the House up for Government Business, when we have consented to renounce an hour of private Members' time, then I almost hope the Resolution may pass. I would suggest that the right hon. Gentleman should consider whether it is not better to make the Order a Sessional Order, instead of a Standing Order. If that is done, I feel certain that when the proposal has been adopted the House, and especially the hard - working Members of the House, will regard it with very great favour. For my own port, I should be quite as glad to have it a Sessional as a Standing Order.
    MR. J. E. ELLIS: I entirely agree with the right hon. Baronet as to lengthy speeches in the abstract, but I also must express some sympathy with some remarks that fell from the hon. Baronet the Member for the City of London (Sir
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    R. Fowler). If I mistake not, when we first adopted the 12 o'clock Rule, the hon. Baronet expressed a doubt as to its consequences. I entirely agreed with him in certain respects with regard to that Rule. I am satisfied, having considered the matter carefully, that in certain directions if we make this change in haste, consequences will flow from it, especially in matters in which the Secretary to the Treasury is interested, which are not at present anticipated. I hope we shall have an assurance from the right hon. Gentleman as to the cogent remarks that fell from the hon. Member for Caithness, and that he will consent to make this a Sessional Order until we see how it affects the Business of the House. If the last few words of the Motion are omitted, it will carry out the suggestion as to a Sessional Order.
    MR. SYDNEY BUXTON: I agree with the hon. Member for Caithness as to Government Business; but the striking out of " one " and the insertion of " twelve " in the Standing Order would have the necessary effect. The House would then necessarily have to adjourn at 12 o'clock, and uncontentious business that many hon. Members are interested in would have an opportunity of being brought forward; whereas, under the proposal of the Leader of the House, Bills on which no Division is taken would have an opportunity of being further forwarded. Therefore, 1 think the proposal of the right hon. Gentleman is the better of the two. I feel sure, from the way in which the right hon. Gentleman has met the views of the House, that he will be prepared to give an undertaking, which I quite believe he intended when he made his proposal, that these evenings shall remain as they are at present in the hands of private Members. I do not understand that the right hon. Gentleman proposes that the Government should derive any advantage from this proposal. I take it that his Motion is simply to enable Members, on Tuesdays and Fridays, to go home earlier than 1 o'clock in the morning. I am glad to find the House so unanimous on this subject. We are not all so enamoured of long hours as my right hon. Friend opposite. We do not all look back to

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    ancient days as being the greatest plea- that suggestion, so that the House can sure of our lives.
    MR. T. M. HEALY: I think the proposal of the hon. Member for the Bridgeton Division of Glasgow might well be accepted by the House. I confess I feel surprised at what has fallen from the hon. Baronet the Member for the City of London. We are all interested in the speeches of the hon. Baronet in the early hours of the morning. I can say for myself he has always seemed to me an honest watch dog. We know very well that this Resolution imposes a severe disability on hon. Members opposite. They cannot talk in Government time; therefore, it is only natural that they should desire to talk in private Members' time. But I would point out to them that, after all, the time will come when they will again be in Opposition—and will come very soon. They will then be able to carry out the famous rule, which almost amounted to a Standing Order with my late lamented Friend (Mr. Biggar)—"Never talk except in Government time." Apart from these considerations, I give my absolute support to the proposal of the Government.
    THE FIRST LORD OF THETREASURY (Mr. W. H. SMITH,: One would suppose, listening to hon. Members opposite, that this is a deep design on the part of Her Majesty's Government to deprive them of some of the ancient privileges to which they are entitled. I would remind them, however, that it was only in response to what might be called a conspiracy on the part of hon. Members opposite that I undertook to make this proposal, at the same time explaining that it was for the House itself to say whether it should be adopted. We have no desire to obtain more time for the transaction of Government business, but we cannot consent to deprive ourselves of the power in the event of an emergency of using the existing conditions to put forward Government business, which must be transacted sooner or later. There are, sometimes, occasions when exempted business is of such an urgent character that it is absolutely necessary that we should ask the House to consider it, even after, 12 or 1 o'clock. It is suggested that this should Joe a Sessional Order. I am perfectly willing to accept
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    that suggestion, so that the House can see whether the change that is now desired is one which is for the convenience of Members. I cannot consent to the change proposed by the hon. Member for Caithness, but I consent to the Order being a Sessional one, and we shall never ask for Report of Supply to be put down on Tuesday or Thursday, after a Morning Sitting, unless it is absolutely necessary in the public interest. I would remind hon. Gentlemen that this will give us no priority after 12 o'clock on Tuesdays and Fridays. The Orders of the Day will have to be gone through before any Government business can be taken, therefore, hon. Members will see that they will have the great advantage of being able to take unopposed Motions and stages of Bills, and of fixing the stages of Bills for other days, which at present it is impossible to do on Tuesdays and Fridays. I think it is greatly to the advantage of the conduct of the Business of the House that Bills down on the Paper and undisposed of should be fixed for a future occasion, whereas at present you, Mr. Speaker, have to leave the Chair on Tuesdays and Fridays at 1 o'clock without going through the Orders of the Day. I think it would be to the convenience of the House to accept this Motion, but if there is an indisposition to do so I shall be perfectly prepared to abandon it.
    MR. J. E. ELLIS: I move that the last line but one, which says, " That the said Resolution be a Standing Order of the House," be omitted.
    MR. SPEAKER: I will put the first part of the Motion.
    Question,
    "That the Sitting of the House at Nine o'clock be held subject to the provisions of Standing Order No. I. Which relate to the Interruption of Business and the Adjournment of the House,"
    —put, and agreed to.
    MR. W. H. SMITH: It is not necessary to alter the last line but one, so as to substitute "Sessional Order "for "Standing Order." The line need not be put.
    Question, " That Standing Order No. VIII. be suspended for the remainder of the Session," put, and agreed to.
    House adjourned at half after Twelve o'clock.